1
|
Bianco OE, Abdi A, Klein MS, Wei X, Sim C, Meuti ME. Consuming royal jelly alters several phenotypes associated with overwintering dormancy in mosquitoes. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 4:1358619. [PMID: 38911605 PMCID: PMC11190361 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2024.1358619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Females of the Northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens, enter an overwintering dormancy, or diapause, in response to short day lengths and low environmental temperatures that is characterized by small egg follicles and high starvation resistance. During diapause, Culex pipiens Major Royal Jelly Protein 1 ortholog (CpMRJP1) is upregulated in females of Cx. pipiens. This protein is highly abundant in royal jelly, a substance produced by honey bees (Apis mellifera), that is fed to future queens throughout larval development and induces the queen phenotype (e.g., high reproductive activity and longer lifespan). However, the role of CpMRJP1 in Cx. pipiens is unknown. Methods We first conducted a phylogenetic analysis to determine how the sequence of CpMRJP1 compares with other species. We then investigated how supplementing the diets of both diapausing and nondiapausing females of Cx. pipiens with royal jelly affects egg follicle length, fat content, protein content, starvation resistance, and metabolic profile. Results We found that feeding royal jelly to females reared in long-day, diapause-averting conditions significantly reduced the egg follicle lengths and switched their metabolic profiles to be similar to diapausing females. In contrast, feeding royal jelly to females reared in short-day, diapause-inducing conditions significantly reduced lifespan and switched their metabolic profile to be similar nondiapausing mosquitoes. Moreover, RNAi directed against CpMRJPI significantly increased egg follicle length of short-day reared females, suggesting that these females averted diapause. Discussion Taken together, our data show that consuming royal jelly reverses several key seasonal phenotypes of Cx. pipiens and that these responses are likely mediated in part by CpMRJP1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia E. Bianco
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Aisha Abdi
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Matthias S. Klein
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Xueyan Wei
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Cheolho Sim
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Megan E. Meuti
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Athni TS, Childs ML, Glidden CK, Mordecai EA. Temperature dependence of mosquitoes: comparing mechanistic and machine learning approaches. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.04.569955. [PMID: 38105988 PMCID: PMC10723351 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.04.569955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito vectors of pathogens (e.g., Aedes , Anopheles , and Culex spp. which transmit dengue, Zika, chikungunya, West Nile, malaria, and others) are of increasing concern for global public health. These vectors are geographically shifting under climate and other anthropogenic changes. As small-bodied ectotherms, mosquitoes are strongly affected by temperature, which causes unimodal responses in mosquito life history traits (e.g., biting rate, adult mortality rate, mosquito development rate, and probability of egg-to-adult survival) that exhibit upper and lower thermal limits and intermediate thermal optima in laboratory studies. However, it remains unknown how mosquito thermal responses measured in laboratory experiments relate to the realized thermal responses of mosquitoes in the field. To address this gap, we leverage thousands of global mosquito occurrences and geospatial satellite data at high spatial resolution to construct machine-learning based species distribution models, from which vector thermal responses are estimated. We apply methods to restrict models to the relevant mosquito activity season and to conduct ecologically-plausible spatial background sampling centered around ecoregions for comparison to mosquito occurrence records. We found that thermal minima estimated from laboratory studies were highly correlated with those from the species distributions (r = 0.90). The thermal optima were less strongly correlated (r = 0.69). For most species, we did not detect thermal maxima from their observed distributions so were unable to compare to laboratory-based estimates. The results suggest that laboratory studies have the potential to be highly transportable to predicting lower thermal limits and thermal optima of mosquitoes in the field. At the same time, lab-based models likely capture physiological limits on mosquito persistence at high temperatures that are not apparent from field-based observational studies but may critically determine mosquito responses to climate warming.
Collapse
|
3
|
Saraiva NB, Auad AM, Barros E, Coutinho FS, Pereira JF, Barros RA, Ramos HJO, Oliveira MGA. Proteins from eggs of the spittlebug Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) reveal clues about its diapause regulation. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:219-227. [PMID: 35301960 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Embryo development in eggs of the spittlebug Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) passes through four phases (known as S1 to S4) being stopped at S2 during diapause. Studies about the molecular basis of diapause in spittlebugs are nonexistent. Here, we analyzed proteins from non-diapausing (ND), diapausing (D) and post-diapausing (PD) eggs of the spittlebug M. spectabilis. In total, we identified 87 proteins where 12 were in common among the developmental and diapause phases and 19 remained as uncharacterized. Non-diapausing eggs (S2ND and S4ND) showed more proteins involved in information storage and processing than the diapausing ones (S2D). Eggs in post-diapausing (S4PD) had a higher number of proteins associated with metabolism than S2D. The network of protein interactions and metabolic processes allowed the identification of different sets of molecular interactions for each developmental and diapause phases. Two heat shock proteins (Hsp65 and Hsp70) along with two proteins associated with intracellular signaling (MAP4K and a serine/threonine-protein phosphatase) were found only in diapausing and/or post-diapausing eggs and are interesting targets to be explored in future experiments. These results shine a light on one key biological process for spittlebug survival and represent the first search for proteins linked to diapause in this important group of insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayara B Saraiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Edvaldo Barros
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Flaviane S Coutinho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Jorge F Pereira
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, CEP 36038-330, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Barros
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Humberto J O Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria G A Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pokhrel N, Genin O, Sela-Donenfeld D, Cinnamon Y. HREM, RNAseq and Cell Cycle Analyses Reveal the Role of the G2/M-Regulatory Protein, WEE1, on the Survivability of Chicken Embryos during Diapause. Biomedicines 2022; 10:779. [PMID: 35453529 PMCID: PMC9033001 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian blastoderm can enter into diapause when kept at low temperatures and successfully resume development (SRD) when re-incubated in body temperature. These abilities, which are largely affected by the temperature and duration of the diapause, are poorly understood at the cellular and molecular level. To determine how temperature affects embryonic morphology during diapause, high-resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM) analysis was utilized. While blastoderms diapausing at 12 °C for 28 days presented typical cytoarchitecture, similar to non-diapaused embryos, at 18 °C, much thicker blastoderms with higher cell number were observed. RNAseq was conducted to discover the genes underlying these phenotypes, revealing differentially expressed cell cycle regulatory genes. Among them, WEE1, a negative regulator of G2/M transition, was highly expressed at 12 °C compared to 18 °C. This finding suggested that cells at 12 °C are arrested at the G2/M phase, as supported by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation (BrdU) assay and phospho-histone H3 (pH 3) immunostaining. Inhibition of WEE1 during diapause at 12 °C resulted in cell cycle progression beyond the G2/M and augmented tissue volume, resembling the morphology of 18 °C-diapaused embryos. These findings suggest that diapause at low temperatures leads to WEE1 upregulation, which arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, promoting the perseverance of embryonic cytoarchitecture and future SRD. In contrast, WEE1 is not upregulated during diapause at higher temperature, leading to continuous proliferation and maladaptive morphology associated with poor survivability. Combining HREM-based analysis with RNAseq and molecular manipulations, we present a novel mechanism that regulates the ability of diapaused avian embryos to maintain their cytoarchitecture via cell cycle arrest, which enables their SRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Pokhrel
- Agriculture Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Department of Poultry and Aquaculture Science, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (N.P.); (O.G.)
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Olga Genin
- Agriculture Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Department of Poultry and Aquaculture Science, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (N.P.); (O.G.)
| | - Dalit Sela-Donenfeld
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yuval Cinnamon
- Agriculture Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Department of Poultry and Aquaculture Science, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (N.P.); (O.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kaczmarek A, Boguś M. The metabolism and role of free fatty acids in key physiological processes in insects of medical, veterinary and forensic importance. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12563. [PMID: 35036124 PMCID: PMC8710053 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects are the most widespread group of organisms and more than one million species have been described. These animals have significant ecological functions, for example they are pollinators of many types of plants. However, they also have direct influence on human life in different manners. They have high medical and veterinary significance, stemming from their role as vectors of disease and infection of wounds and necrotic tissue; they are also plant pests, parasitoids and predators whose activities can influence agriculture. In addition, their use in medical treatments, such as maggot therapy of gangrene and wounds, has grown considerably. They also have many uses in forensic science to determine the minimum post-mortem interval and provide valuable information about the movement of the body, cause of the death, drug use, or poisoning. It has also been proposed that they may be used as model organisms to replace mammal systems in research. The present review describes the role of free fatty acids (FFAs) in key physiological processes in insects. By focusing on insects of medical, veterinary significance, we have limited our description of the physiological processes to those most important from the point of view of insect control; the study examines their effects on insect reproduction and resistance to the adverse effects of abiotic (low temperature) and biotic (pathogens) factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kaczmarek
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieczysława Boguś
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Biomibo, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang J, Ran LL, Li Y, Liu YH. Comparative proteomics provides insights into diapause program of Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae). PLoS One 2021; 15:e0244493. [PMID: 33382763 PMCID: PMC7774860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax, is a notorious univoltine pest that causes damage to citrus. B. minax enters obligatory pupal diapause in each generation to resist harsh environmental conditions in winter. Despite the enormous efforts that have been made in the past decade, the understanding of pupal diapause of B. minax is currently still fragmentary. In this study, the 20-hydroxyecdysone solution and ethanol solvent was injected into newly-formed pupae to obtain non-diapause- (ND) and diapause-destined (D) pupae, respectively, and a comparative proteomics analysis between ND and D pupae was performed 1 and 15 d after injection. A total of 3,255 proteins were identified, of which 190 and 463 were found to be differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in ND1 vs D1 and ND15 vs D15 comparisons, respectively. The reliability and accuracy of LFQ method was validated by qRT-PCR. Functional analyses of DAPs, including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, were conducted. The results revealed that the diapause program of B. minax is closely associated with several physiological activities, such as phosphorylation, chitin biosynthesis, autophagy, signaling pathways, endocytosis, skeletal muscle formation, protein metabolism, and core metabolic pathways of carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid conversion. The findings of this study provide insights into diapause program of B. minax and lay a basis for further investigation into its underlying molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Institute of Entomology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Li-Lin Ran
- College of Plant Protection, Institute of Entomology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Plant Protection, Institute of Entomology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying-Hong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Institute of Entomology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Doğan C, Hänniger S, Heckel DG, Coutu C, Hegedus DD, Crubaugh L, Groves RL, Bayram Ş, Toprak U. Two calcium-binding chaperones from the fat body of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) involved in diapause. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 106:e21755. [PMID: 33118236 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are crucial for the correct folding of newly synthesized polypeptides, in particular, under stress conditions. Various studies have revealed the involvement of molecular chaperones, such as heat shock proteins, in diapause maintenance and starvation; however, the role of other chaperones in diapause and starvation relatively is unknown. In the current study, we identified two lectin-type chaperones with calcium affinity, a calreticulin (LdCrT) and a calnexin (LdCnX), that were present in the fat body of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) during diapause. Both proteins possessed an N-globular domain, a P-arm domain, and a highly charged C-terminal domain, while an additional transmembrane domain was present in LdCnX. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinction at the order level. Both genes were expressed in multiple tissues in larval and adult stages, and constitutively throughout development, though a starvation response was detected only for LdCrT. In females, diapause-related expression analysis in the whole body revealed an upregulation of both genes by post-diapause, but a downregulation by diapause only for LdCrT. By contrast, males revealed no alteration in their diapause-related expression pattern in the entire body for both genes. Fat body-specific expression analysis of both genes in relation to diapause revealed the same expression pattern with no alteration in females and downregulation in males by post-diapause. This study suggests that calcium-binding chaperones play similar and possibly gender-specific roles during diapause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Doğan
- Molecular Entomology Lab, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sabine Hänniger
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - David G Heckel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Cathy Coutu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Dwayne D Hegedus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Linda Crubaugh
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Russell L Groves
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Şerife Bayram
- Molecular Entomology Lab, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umut Toprak
- Molecular Entomology Lab, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gong J, Zheng X, Zhao S, Yang L, Xue Z, Fan Z, Tang M. Early Molecular Events during Onset of Diapause in Silkworm Eggs Revealed by Transcriptome Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176180. [PMID: 32867045 PMCID: PMC7503879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diapause is a form of dormancy, and Bombyx mori silkworm embryos are ideal models for studying diapause in insects. However, molecular events in eggs during the onset of diapause remain unclear. In this study, transcriptome analyses were performed on silkworm diapause eggs via RNA sequencing at 20 and 48 h after oviposition. A total of 6402 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in diapause eggs at 48 h versus that at 20 h after oviposition. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that DEGs in diapause eggs at 48 h versus that at 20 h after oviposition were involved in ribosome-related metabolism and hydrogen transport. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed several significantly enriched biological pathways, namely the oxidative phosphorylation, Forkhead box protein O3 (FoxO) signaling, ribosome, endoplasmic reticular protein processing, and autophagy pathways. Fifteen DEGs from the FoxO signaling pathway were selected, and their expression profiles were consistent with the transcriptome results from real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Our results can improve understanding of the diapause mechanism in silkworm eggs and identified key pathways for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1521-316-8560
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Toprak U, Hegedus D, Doğan C, Güney G. A journey into the world of insect lipid metabolism. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 104:e21682. [PMID: 32335968 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is fundamental to life. In insects, it is critical, during reproduction, flight, starvation, and diapause. The coordination center for insect lipid metabolism is the fat body, which is analogous to the vertebrate adipose tissue and liver. Fat body contains various different cell types; however, adipocytes and oenocytes are the primary cells related to lipid metabolism. Lipid metabolism starts with the hydrolysis of dietary lipids, absorption of lipid monomers, followed by lipid transport from midgut to the fat body, lipogenesis or lipolysis in the fat body, and lipid transport from fat body to other sites demanding energy. Lipid metabolism is under the control of hormones, transcription factors, secondary messengers and posttranscriptional modifications. Primarily, lipogenesis is under the control of insulin-like peptides that activate lipogenic transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, whereas lipolysis is coordinated by the adipokinetic hormone that activates lipolytic transcription factors, such as forkhead box class O and cAMP-response element-binding protein. Calcium is the primary-secondary messenger affecting lipid metabolism and has different outcomes depending on the site of lipogenesis or lipolysis. Phosphorylation is central to lipid metabolism and multiple phosphorylases are involved in lipid accumulation or hydrolysis. Although most of the knowledge of insect lipid metabolism comes from the studies on the model Drosophila; other insects, in particular those with obligatory or facultative diapause, also have great potential to study lipid metabolism. The use of these models would significantly improve our knowledge of insect lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umut Toprak
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dwayne Hegedus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Cansu Doğan
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gözde Güney
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hasanvand H, Izadi H, Mohammadzadeh M. Overwintering Physiology and Cold Tolerance of the Sunn Pest, Eurygaster integriceps, an Emphasis on the Role of Cryoprotectants. Front Physiol 2020; 11:321. [PMID: 32425803 PMCID: PMC7204558 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a serious pest of wheat, the Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hem.: Scutelleridae), is prevalent in Iran. This pest belongs to univoltine species and tends to estivate and overwinter in high altitudes of nearby mountains as diapausing adults. The economic importance of the crop was attacked by this pest, i.e., wheat led the authors to study the physiological adaptations of these diapausing adults, that is, changes in the supercooling point (SCP), in the accumulation of cryoprotectants, and in the activities of the related enzymes in relation to diapause development. The mean SCP of the diapausing adults was found to be −8°C. The lowest SCP, i.e., approximately −11°C, was observed in the middle of diapause, October, when the highest cold hardiness was also interestingly recorded. This finding proposed that SCP depression could be a feasible cold-tolerance strategy for diapausing adults. The sugar content was high in the initiation and at the termination of diapause and was low during diapause maintenance. These sugar reserves were most likely utilized to be converted to glycogen and lipid during diapause maintenance as a survival strategy. The changes in the glycogen and lipid contents were inversely proportional to the changes in the total sugar content. The authors also found that the changes in the glycogen content were directly proportional to those in the low-molecular-weight carbohydrates (e.g., glycerol and trehalose) and in the diapause development. This finding underlined the role of the low-molecular-weight carbohydrates, such as the cryoprotectants, in enhancing the cold tolerance of the given insect. In this study, the diapause-associated changes in the activities of α-amylases and proteases were also investigated. The results showed that the enzyme activities were related to diapause development and cold-tolerance enhancement. The highest enzyme activity was observed in September. Since the overwintering adults of the Sunn pest could not tolerate temperatures below their SCPs, they were grouped in the freeze-intolerant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Hasanvand
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Izadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tachibana SI, Matsuzaki S, Tanaka M, Shiota M, Motooka D, Nakamura S, Goto SG. The Autophagy-Related Protein GABARAP Is Induced during Overwintering in the Bean Bug (Hemiptera: Alydidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:427-434. [PMID: 31693096 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In most insects dependent on food resources that deplete seasonally, mechanisms exist to protect against starvation. Insects overcome periods of food depletion using diapause-associated physiological mechanisms, such as increased energy resources in fat bodies and suppression of metabolism. Because autophagy supplies energy resources through the degradation of intracellular components, we hypothesized that it might be an additional strategy to combat starvation during overwintering. In this study, we measured the abundance of the proteins involved in the signaling pathway of autophagy during overwintering in adults of the bean bug Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Alydidae), which must withstand the periodic depletion of its host plants from late fall to early spring. Although the levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) markedly increased after the cessation of food supply, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and target of rapamycin (TOR) were not found to be associated with food depletion. Thus, food depletion appears to induce autophagy independent of AMPK and TOR. The GABARAP levels significantly increased universally when the food supply ceased, irrespective of the diapause status of adults and low-temperature conditions. In overwintering diapause adults under seminatural conditions, the GABARAP levels significantly increased during early spring. Thus, autophagy appears to assist the survival of the bean bugs under natural conditions of food deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Tachibana
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsuzaki
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shiota
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Research support platform, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin G Goto
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xinxin Z, Shuang Y, Xunming Z, Shang W, Juhong Z, Jinghui X. TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Overwintering Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1623. [PMID: 32038298 PMCID: PMC6985562 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptations to low temperature play a critical role in restricting the geographical distribution of insects. Decreasing day lengths and temperatures trigger seasonal cold adaptations in insects. These adaptions include changes in expression at the miRNA, mRNA and protein levels. The rice water weevil (RWW), Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, introduced from the Mississippi River, is a globally invasive pest of wetland rice that can survive at the northern border of China. To investigate the changes in expression at the protein level in overwintering female RWW adults, 6-plex tandem mass tags (TMTs) were used in overwintering and summer adults. By using a proteome database available for Curculionidae, 1077 proteins were quantified, 183 of which differed significantly between the overwintering and summer samples. To further understand these differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), bioinformatics analyses such as gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were performed. DEPs associated with the terms binding, structural molecule activity, catalytic activity, multicellular organismal process, extracellular region, chitin binding, metabolic process, intracellular part and organic cyclic compound binding were altered by selection during winter. The changes in the expression of these proteins suggest that the proteins are important for RWW survival in winter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Xinxin
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Shuang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhang Xunming
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wang Shang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhang Juhong
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xi Jinghui
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|