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Liang X, Zhou J, Wang H, Zhang Z, Yin M, Zhu Y, Li L, Chen C, Wei M, Hu M, Zhao C, Yao J, Li G, Dinh‐Xuan A, Xiao J, Bei Y. miR-30d Attenuates Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via Targeting MTDH and PDE5A and Modulates the Beneficial Effect of Sildenafil. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2407712. [PMID: 39206778 PMCID: PMC11516105 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202407712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with aberrant pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell (PASMC) function and vascular remodeling. MiR-30d plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular disorders. However, the function of miR-30d in PAH progression remained unknown. Our study shows that circulating miR-30d level is significantly reduced in the plasma from PAH patients. In miR-30d transgenic (TG) rats, overexpressing miR-30d attenuates monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Increasing miR-30d also inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-bb (PDGF-bb)-induced proliferation and migration of human PASMC. Metadherin (MTDH) and phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A) are identified as direct target genes of miR-30d. Meanwhile, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) acts as a positive upstream regulator of miR-30d. Using miR-30d knockout (KO) rats treated with sildenafil, a PDE5A inhibitor that is used in clinical PAH therapies, it is further found that suppressing miR-30d partially attenuates the beneficial effect of sildenafil against MCT-induced PH and vascular remodeling. The present study shows a protective effect of miR-30d against PAH and pulmonary vascular remodeling through targeting MTDH and PDE5A and reveals that miR-30d modulates the beneficial effect of sildenafil in treating PAH. MiR-30d should be a prospective target to treat PAH and pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchun Liang
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) and School of Life ScienceShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education)Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing LabInstitute of Cardiovascular SciencesShanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) and School of Life ScienceShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education)Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing LabInstitute of Cardiovascular SciencesShanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) and School of Life ScienceShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education)Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing LabInstitute of Cardiovascular SciencesShanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) and School of Life ScienceShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education)Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing LabInstitute of Cardiovascular SciencesShanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Mingming Yin
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) and School of Life ScienceShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education)Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing LabInstitute of Cardiovascular SciencesShanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Yujiao Zhu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) and School of Life ScienceShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education)Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing LabInstitute of Cardiovascular SciencesShanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) and School of Life ScienceShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education)Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing LabInstitute of Cardiovascular SciencesShanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) and School of Life ScienceShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education)Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing LabInstitute of Cardiovascular SciencesShanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Meng Wei
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) and School of Life ScienceShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education)Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing LabInstitute of Cardiovascular SciencesShanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Meiyu Hu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) and School of Life ScienceShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education)Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing LabInstitute of Cardiovascular SciencesShanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Cuimei Zhao
- Department of CardiologyShanghai Tongji HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghai200065China
| | - Jianhua Yao
- Department of CardiologyTenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200090China
- Department of CardiologyShigatse People's HospitalTibet857000China
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Anh‐Tuan Dinh‐Xuan
- Lung Function & Respiratory Physiology UnitsDepartment of Respiratory Physiology and Sleep MedicineCochin & George Pompidou HospitalsAssistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP) CentreUniversity Paris CitéParis75014France
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) and School of Life ScienceShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education)Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing LabInstitute of Cardiovascular SciencesShanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Yihua Bei
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) and School of Life ScienceShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education)Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing LabInstitute of Cardiovascular SciencesShanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
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Reimann MJ, Faisst DN, Knold M, Meurs KM, Stern JA, Cremer SE, Møller JE, Ljungvall I, Häggström J, Olsen LH. No impact of polymorphism in the phosphodiesterase 5A gene in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels on pimobendan-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation response. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2145-2156. [PMID: 37743723 PMCID: PMC10658480 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variant in the canine phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5A gene (PDE5A:E90K) is associated with decreased concentrations of circulating cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and response to PDE5 inhibitor treatment. Pimobendan is a PDE inhibitor recommended for medical treatment of certain stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs. HYPOTHESIS PDE5A:E90K polymorphism attenuates the inhibitory effect of pimobendan on in vitro platelet aggregation and increases basal platelet aggregation in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS). Selected clinical variables (MMVD severity, sex, age, hematocrit, platelet count in platelet-rich plasma [PRP], and echocardiographic left ventricular fractional shortening [LV FS]) will not show an association with results. ANIMALS Fifty-two privately owned CKCS with no or preclinical MMVD. METHODS Using blood samples, we prospectively assessed PDE5A genotype using Sanger sequencing and adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation response (area under the curve [AUC], maximal aggregation [MaxA], and velocity [Vel]) with and without pimobendan using light transmission aggregometry. Dogs also underwent echocardiography. RESULTS Pimobendan inhibited platelet function as measured by AUC, MaxA, and Vel at a concentration of 10 μM (P < .0001) and Vel at 0.03 μM (P < .001). PDE5A:E90K polymorphism did not influence the inhibitory effect of pimobendan or basal platelet aggregation response. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The PDE5A:E90K polymorphism did not influence in vitro basal platelet aggregation response or the inhibitory effect of pimobendan on platelet aggregation in CKCS. Dogs with the PDE5A:E90K polymorphism did not appear to have altered platelet function or response to pimobendan treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Reimann
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Daniel N. Faisst
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Mads Knold
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Kathryn M. Meurs
- Department of Clinical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Joshua A. Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California‐DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Signe E. Cremer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Jacob E. Møller
- Department of CardiologyCopenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ingrid Ljungvall
- Department of Clinical SciencesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Jens Häggström
- Department of Clinical SciencesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Lisbeth H. Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
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Rivas VN, Stern JA, Ueda Y. The Role of Personalized Medicine in Companion Animal Cardiology. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:1255-1276. [PMID: 37423841 PMCID: PMC11184409 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies remain one of the most common inherited cardiac diseases in both human and veterinary patients. To date, well over 100 mutated genes are known to cause cardiomyopathies in humans with only a handful known in cats and dogs. This review highlights the need and use of personalized one-health approaches to cardiovascular case management and advancement in pharmacogenetic-based therapy in veterinary medicine. Personalized medicine holds promise in understanding the molecular basis of disease and ultimately will unlock the next generation of targeted novel pharmaceuticals and aid in the reversal of detrimental effects at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Rivas
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1038 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Joshua A Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1038 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Yu Ueda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1038 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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Ma Y, Zhang F, Zhong Y, Huang Y, Yixizhuoma, Jia Q, Zhang S. A label-free LC/MS-based enzymatic activity assay for the detection of PDE5A inhibitors. Front Chem 2023; 11:1097027. [PMID: 36860644 PMCID: PMC9968969 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1097027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, controls the duration of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signal by hydrolyzing cGMP to GMP. Inhibiting the activity of PDE5A has proven to be an effective strategy for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension and erectile dysfunction. Current enzymatic activity assay methods for PDE5A mainly use fluorescent or isotope-labeled substrates, which are expensive and inconvenient. Here, we developed an LC/MS-based enzymatic activity assay for PDE5A without labeling, which detects the enzymatic activity of PDE5A by quantifying the substrate cGMP and product GMP at a concentration of 100 nM. The accuracy of this method was verified by a fluorescently labeled substrate. Moreover, a new inhibitor of PDE5A was identified by this method and virtual screening. It inhibited PDE5A with an IC50 value of 870 nM. Overall, the proposed strategy provides a new method for screening PDE5A inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China,Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Fengsen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China,Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yijing Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yongchun Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yixizhuoma
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China,*Correspondence: Qiangqiang Jia, ; Shoude Zhang,
| | - Shoude Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China,Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, China,*Correspondence: Qiangqiang Jia, ; Shoude Zhang,
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5
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Suzuki R, Yuchi Y, Saito T, Yasumura Y, Teshima T, Matsumoto H, Koyama H. Beraprost Sodium for Pulmonary Hypertension in Dogs: Effect on Hemodynamics and Cardiac Function. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162078. [PMID: 36009668 PMCID: PMC9405226 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pulmonary hypertension is a potentially life-threatening disease among dogs that is characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. In veterinary medicine, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor such as sildenafil is the most common drug used to treat pulmonary hypertension. However, the availability of sildenafil is limited because of its high cost, difficulty in obtaining the drug in some areas, and potential inter-individual variability in the response to sildenafil therapy. Beraprost sodium is one of the most common drugs used to treat pulmonary hypertension in humans. However, little is known about its efficacy in dogs with pulmonary hypertension. In this study, beraprost sodium showed significant pulmonary and systemic vasodilation without any adverse effects in sixteen dogs with pulmonary hypertension. Additionally, echocardiographic improvements in cardiac function and pulmonary and systemic circulation were observed. These results emphasize the potential efficacy of beraprost sodium in treating canine pulmonary hypertension. Abstract Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal condition that affects many dogs. In humans, PH is often treated with beraprost sodium (BPS). However, the effectiveness of BPS for canine PH has not been established. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and cardiovascular response of BPS in canine patients with PH of various causes. Sixteen dogs with PH (post-capillary PH, n = 8; pre-capillary PH, n = 8) were included. BPS was continuously administered twice daily at 15 µg/kg. All dogs underwent echocardiography, including speckle-tracking analysis and blood pressure measurement, before and after BPS administration. Continuous BPS administration (range: 13.2–22.0 µg/kg) significantly decreased the pulmonary and systemic vascular impedance and increased left and right ventricular myocardial strain. In dogs with post-capillary PH, BPS administration caused no significant worsening of the left atrial pressure indicators. No side effects of BPS were observed in any dog. BPS also improved cardiac function and pulmonary circulation through pulmonary vasodilation, suggesting that BPS may be an additional treatment option for canine PH of various causes. Particularly, BPS increased left ventricular function and systemic circulation without worsening the left heart loading condition in dogs with post-capillary PH.
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Bagardi M, Zamboni V, Locatelli C, Galizzi A, Ghilardi S, Brambilla PG. Management of Chronic Congestive Heart Failure Caused by Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs: A Narrative Review from 1970 to 2020. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12020209. [PMID: 35049831 PMCID: PMC8773235 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common acquired cardiovascular disease in dogs. The progression of the disease and the increasing severity of valvular regurgitation cause a volume overload of the left heart, leading to left atrial and ventricular remodeling and congestive heart failure (CHF). The treatment of chronic CHF secondary to MMVD in dogs has not always been the same over time. In the last fifty years, the drugs utilized have considerably changed, as well as the therapeutic protocols. Some drugs have also changed their intended use. An analysis of the literature concerning the therapy of chronic heart failure in dogs affected by this widespread degenerative disease is not available; a synthesis of the published literature on this topic and a description of its current state of art are needed. To the authors’ knowledge, a review of this topic has never been published in veterinary medicine; therefore, the aim of this study is to overview the treatments of chronic CHF secondary to MMVD in dogs from 1970 to 2020 using the general framework of narrative reviews. Abstract The treatment of chronic congestive heart failure (CHF), secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs, has considerably changed in the last fifty years. An analysis of the literature concerning the therapy of chronic CHF in dogs affected by MMVD is not available, and it is needed. Narrative reviews (NRs) are aimed at identifying and summarizing what has been previously published, avoiding duplications, and seeking new study areas that have not yet been addressed. The most accessible open-access databases, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, were chosen, and the searching time frame was set in five decades, from 1970 to 2020. The 384 selected studies were classified into categories depending on the aim of the study, the population target, the pathogenesis of MMVD (natural/induced), and the resulting CHF. Over the years, the types of studies have increased considerably in veterinary medicine. In particular, there have been 43 (24.29%) clinical trials, 41 (23.16%) randomized controlled trials, 10 (5.65%) cross-over trials, 40 (22.60%) reviews, 5 (2.82%) comparative studies, 17 (9.60%) case-control studies, 2 (1.13%) cohort studies, 2 (1.13%) experimental studies, 2 (1.13%) questionnaires, 6 (3.40%) case-reports, 7 (3.95%) retrospective studies, and 2 (1.13%) guidelines. The experimental studies on dogs with an induced form of the disease were less numerous (49–27.68%) than the studies on dogs affected by spontaneous MMVD (128–72.32%). The therapy of chronic CHF in dogs has considerably changed in the last fifty years: in the last century, some of the currently prescribed drugs did not exist yet, while others had different indications.
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Zhu WL, Zheng C, Xiong WG, Chen CL, Yi JL, Zhang XJ, Luo X. UPLC-MS/MS for the Simultaneous Determination of Sildenafil and N-Desmethyl Sildenafil. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:823-829. [PMID: 33517421 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established for the simultaneous determination of sildenafil and N-desmethyl sildenafil in human plasma. The protein precipitation was used for extraction and the gradient elution of the mobile phase A of water (containing 0.01% formic acid) and the mobile phase B of acetonitrile, and methanol (V:V = 1:1, containing 0.01% formic acid) was used for chromatographic separation on a C18 column. Quantification was performed by multiple reaction monitoring mode to monitor the precursor-to-product ion transitions of m/z 475.4 → m/z 283.3 for sildenafil, m/z 461.4 → m/z 283.2 for N-desmethyl sildenafil, m/z 483.3 → m/z 108.1 for sildenafil-d8 (IS) and m/z 469.2 → m/z 283.3 for N-desmethyl sildenafil-d8 (IS) at the positive ionization mode. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were less than 6.8% and 4.1% for sildenafil and N-desmethyl sildenafil, respectively. Accuracy at four levels ranged from 93.1% to 115.9% for sildenafil and 95.6% to 112.5% for N-desmethyl sildenafil. The present method was sensitive and reliable for simultaneous quantification of sildenafil and its active metabolite and was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of an oral low dose of sildenafil in Chinese healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ling Zhu
- BE/Phase I Clinical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55, Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- BE/Phase I Clinical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55, Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Wen Gang Xiong
- AccuBE PharmaTech, Unit 04, Floor 4, Building 2, Biomedical Industrial Park, No. 2052 West Wengjiao Road, Haicang District, Xiamen, China
| | - Cai Li Chen
- AccuBE PharmaTech, Unit 04, Floor 4, Building 2, Biomedical Industrial Park, No. 2052 West Wengjiao Road, Haicang District, Xiamen, China
| | - Jin Ling Yi
- AccuBE PharmaTech, Unit 04, Floor 4, Building 2, Biomedical Industrial Park, No. 2052 West Wengjiao Road, Haicang District, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiu Jin Zhang
- BE/Phase I Clinical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55, Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Xi Luo
- BE/Phase I Clinical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55, Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, China
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8
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Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5): Structure-function regulation and therapeutic applications of inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111128. [PMID: 33348311 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is one of the most well-studied phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that specifically targets cGMP typically generated by nitric oxide (NO)-mediated activation of the soluble guanylyl cyclase. Given the crucial role of cGMP generated through the activation of this cellular signaling pathway in a variety of physiologically processes, pharmacological inhibition of PDE5 has been demonstrated to have several therapeutic applications including erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. While they are designed to inhibit PDE5, the inhibitors show different affinities and specificities against all PDE subtypes. Additionally, they have been shown to induce allosteric structural changes in the protein. These are mostly attributed to their chemical structure and, therefore, binding interactions with PDE catalytic domains. Therefore, understanding how these inhibitors interact with PDE5 and the structural basis of their selectivity is critically important for the design of novel, highly selective PDE5 inhibitors. Here, we review the structure of PDE5, how its function is regulated, and discuss the clinically available inhibitors that target phosphodiesterase 5, aiming to better understand the structural bases of their affinity and specificity. We also discuss the therapeutic indications of these inhibitors and the potential of repurposing for a wider range of clinical applications.
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9
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The effect of sildenafil on pulmonary haemodynamics in a canine model of chronic embolic pulmonary hypertension. Res Vet Sci 2020; 133:106-110. [PMID: 32961474 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different doses of orally administered sildenafil on pulmonary haemodynamics in dogs with pulmonary hypertension (PH) have not been documented in an invasive and quantitative manner. In this study, we examined the effects of oral sildenafil using a canine model of chronic embolic PH (CEPH). This CEPH model was created by repeatedly injecting microspheres through a catheter into the pulmonary artery under general anaesthesia at regular weekly intervals over several months. The CEPH dogs received 1, 2 or 4 mg/kg of sildenafil orally twice a day for seven days. Then, haemodynamic measurements including pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), systemic artery pressure (SAP), pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), right atrial pressure (RAP) and cardiac output (CO) were obtained after seven days of sildenafil administration via right heart catheterisation and oscillometric blood pressure measurements. Sildenafil was well tolerated in this study. Sildenafil administered at doses of 2 and 4 mg/kg significantly decreased systolic PAP compared with before administration. In addition, all doses of sildenafil significantly decreased the mean and diastolic PAP. Furthermore, 4 mg/kg of sildenafil significantly decreased PAP compared with 1 mg/kg. Sildenafil also significantly decreased pulmonary vascular resistance without notable changes in SAP or systemic vascular resistance. The PAWP, RAP and CO did not increase significantly at any doses. In conclusion, the oral administration of sildenafil to CEPH models decreased PAP in a dose-dependent manner.
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10
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Akabane R, Sato T, Sakatani A, Ogawa M, Nagakawa M, Miyakawa H, Miyagawa Y, Tazaki H, Takemura N. Pharmacokinetics of single dose sildenafil orally administered in canine models of chronic embolic pulmonary hypertension. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:446-451. [PMID: 32101822 PMCID: PMC7192714 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Information regarding the pharmacokinetics of oral sildenafil in dogs with pulmonary
hypertension is limited. In this study, we examined the pharmacokinetics of oral
sildenafil in a canine model of chronic embolic pulmonary hypertension (CEPH). The CEPH
model was developed by repeatedly injecting microspheres into the pulmonary arteries. The
pharmacokinetics of oral sildenafil at 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg was evaluated using four dogs with
pulmonary hypertension in the fasted state. The plasma concentrations of sildenafil were
determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, and pharmacokinetic parameters
were calculated using a noncompartmental analysis. Sildenafil was well tolerated in this
study. Proportional increments in the maximum plasma concentration and area under the
curve extrapolated to infinity at drug doses of 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg were detected using a
power model analysis. No significant differences were observed among the three doses in
the time to maximum plasma concentration. The mean residence time and elimination
half-life were slightly but significantly higher at a dose of 4 mg/kg than at a dose of 1
mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Akabane
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Touko Sato
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakatani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Mizuki Ogawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nagakawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hirosumi Miyakawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yuichi Miyagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tazaki
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takemura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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11
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Reinero C, Visser LC, Kellihan HB, Masseau I, Rozanski E, Clercx C, Williams K, Abbott J, Borgarelli M, Scansen BA. ACVIM consensus statement guidelines for the diagnosis, classification, treatment, and monitoring of pulmonary hypertension in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:549-573. [PMID: 32065428 PMCID: PMC7097566 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH), defined by increased pressure within the pulmonary vasculature, is a hemodynamic and pathophysiologic state present in a wide variety of cardiovascular, respiratory, and systemic diseases. The purpose of this consensus statement is to provide a multidisciplinary approach to guidelines for the diagnosis, classification, treatment, and monitoring of PH in dogs. Comprehensive evaluation including consideration of signalment, clinical signs, echocardiographic parameters, and results of other diagnostic tests supports the diagnosis of PH and allows identification of associated underlying conditions. Dogs with PH can be classified into the following 6 groups: group 1, pulmonary arterial hypertension; group 2, left heart disease; group 3, respiratory disease/hypoxia; group 4, pulmonary emboli/pulmonary thrombi/pulmonary thromboemboli; group 5, parasitic disease (Dirofilaria and Angiostrongylus); and group 6, disorders that are multifactorial or with unclear mechanisms. The approach to treatment of PH focuses on strategies to decrease the risk of progression, complications, or both, recommendations to target underlying diseases or factors contributing to PH, and PH‐specific treatments. Dogs with PH should be monitored for improvement, static condition, or progression, and any identified underlying disorder should be addressed and monitored simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Reinero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Lance C Visser
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Heidi B Kellihan
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Isabelle Masseau
- Department of Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Rozanski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Cécile Clercx
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals and Equine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Kurt Williams
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jonathan Abbott
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Michele Borgarelli
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Brian A Scansen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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