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Chang CY, Pearce G, Betaneli V, Kapustsenka T, Hosseini K, Fischer-Friedrich E, Corbeil D, Karbanová J, Taubenberger A, Dahncke B, Rauner M, Furesi G, Perner S, Rost F, Jessberger R. The F-actin bundler SWAP-70 promotes tumor metastasis. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302307. [PMID: 38760173 PMCID: PMC11101836 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic rearrangements of the F-actin cytoskeleton are a hallmark of tumor metastasis. Thus, proteins that govern F-actin rearrangements are of major interest for understanding metastasis and potential therapies. We hypothesized that the unique F-actin binding and bundling protein SWAP-70 contributes importantly to metastasis. Orthotopic, ectopic, and short-term tail vein injection mouse breast and lung cancer models revealed a strong positive dependence of lung and bone metastasis on SWAP-70. Breast cancer cell growth, migration, adhesion, and invasion assays revealed SWAP-70's key role in these metastasis-related cell features and the requirement for SWAP-70 to bind F-actin. Biophysical experiments showed that tumor cell stiffness and deformability are negatively modulated by SWAP-70. Together, we present a hitherto undescribed, unique F-actin modulator as an important contributor to tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yuan Chang
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Glen Pearce
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Viktoria Betaneli
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Kapustsenka
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kamran Hosseini
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Fischer-Friedrich
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Dresden, Germany
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jana Karbanová
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Dresden, Germany
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Taubenberger
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Dresden, Germany
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Björn Dahncke
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Giulia Furesi
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Fabian Rost
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Technology Platform at the Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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2
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Patra SK, Sahoo RK, Biswal S, Panda SS, Biswal BK. Enigmatic exosomal connection in lung cancer drug resistance. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102177. [PMID: 38617976 PMCID: PMC11015513 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a significant global health concern with limited treatment options and poor prognosis, particularly in advanced stages. Small extracellular vesicles such as exosomes, secreted by cancer cells, play a pivotal role in mediating drug resistance in lung cancer. Exosomes have been found to facilitate intercellular communication by transferring various biomolecules between cancer cells and their microenvironment. Additionally, exosomes can transport signaling molecules promoting cancer cell survival and proliferation conferring resistance to chemotherapy. Moreover, exosomes can modulate the tumor microenvironment by inducing phenotypic changes hindering drug response. Understanding the role of exosomes in mediating drug resistance in lung cancer is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies and biomarkers to overcome treatment limitations. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on conventional and emerging drug resistance mechanisms and the involvement of exosomes as well as exosome-mediated factors mediating drug resistance in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambit K. Patra
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Rajeev K. Sahoo
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Stuti Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Shikshya S. Panda
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Bijesh Kumar Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
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3
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Runel G, Lopez-Ramirez N, Barbollat-Boutrand L, Cario M, Durand S, Grimont M, Schartl M, Dalle S, Caramel J, Chlasta J, Masse I. Cancer Cell Biomechanical Properties Accompany Tspan8-Dependent Cutaneous Melanoma Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:694. [PMID: 38398085 PMCID: PMC10887418 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic biomechanical properties of cancer cells remain poorly understood. To decipher whether cell stiffness modulation could increase melanoma cells' invasive capacity, we performed both in vitro and in vivo experiments exploring cell stiffness by atomic force microscopy (AFM). We correlated stiffness properties with cell morphology adaptation and the molecular mechanisms underlying epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT)-like phenotype switching. We found that melanoma cell stiffness reduction was systematically associated with the acquisition of invasive properties in cutaneous melanoma cell lines, human skin reconstructs, and Medaka fish developing spontaneous MAP-kinase-induced melanomas. We observed a systematic correlation of stiffness modulation with cell morphological changes towards mesenchymal characteristic gains. We accordingly found that inducing melanoma EMT switching by overexpressing the ZEB1 transcription factor, a major regulator of melanoma cell plasticity, was sufficient to decrease cell stiffness and transcriptionally induce tetraspanin-8-mediated dermal invasion. Moreover, ZEB1 expression correlated with Tspan8 expression in patient melanoma lesions. Our data suggest that intrinsic cell stiffness could be a highly relevant marker for human cutaneous melanoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Runel
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, Inserm U1052, University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
- BioMeca, 60F, Bioserra 2, Av. Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Noémie Lopez-Ramirez
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, Inserm U1052, University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
| | - Laetitia Barbollat-Boutrand
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, Inserm U1052, University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
| | - Muriel Cario
- National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disease, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, INSERM 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- AquiDerm, University Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Simon Durand
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, Inserm U1052, University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
| | - Maxime Grimont
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, Inserm U1052, University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Developmental Biochemistry, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Stéphane Dalle
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, Inserm U1052, University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
- Dermatology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Julie Caramel
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, Inserm U1052, University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
| | - Julien Chlasta
- BioMeca, 60F, Bioserra 2, Av. Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Ingrid Masse
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, Inserm U1052, University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
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4
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Fernandes S, Oliver-De La Cruz J, Morazzo S, Niro F, Cassani M, Ďuríková H, Caravella A, Fiore P, Azzato G, De Marco G, Lauria A, Izzi V, Bosáková V, Fric J, Filipensky P, Forte G. TGF-β induces matrisome pathological alterations and EMT in patient-derived prostate cancer tumoroids. Matrix Biol 2024; 125:12-30. [PMID: 37944712 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) tumorigenic alterations resulting in high matrix deposition and stiffening are hallmarks of adenocarcinomas and are collectively defined as desmoplasia. Here, we thoroughly analysed primary prostate cancer tissues obtained from numerous patients undergoing radical prostatectomy to highlight reproducible structural changes in the ECM leading to the loss of the glandular architecture. Starting from patient cells, we established prostate cancer tumoroids (PCTs) and demonstrated they require TGF-β signalling pathway activity to preserve phenotypical and structural similarities with the tissue of origin. By modulating TGF-β signalling pathway in PCTs, we unveiled its role in ECM accumulation and remodelling in prostate cancer. We also found that TGF-β-induced ECM remodelling is responsible for the initiation of prostate cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the acquisition of a migratory, invasive phenotype. Our findings highlight the cooperative role of TGF-β signalling and ECM desmoplasia in prompting prostate cell EMT and promoting tumour progression and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Fernandes
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 60200, Czech Republic.
| | - Jorge Oliver-De La Cruz
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Sofia Morazzo
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 60200, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco Niro
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 60200, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Cassani
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Ďuríková
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Alessio Caravella
- Department of Computer Engineering, Modelling, Electronics and Systems Engineering (DIMES), University of Calabria (UNICAL), Via P. Bucci, Cubo 42C, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
| | - Piergiuseppe Fiore
- Department of Computer Engineering, Modelling, Electronics and Systems Engineering (DIMES), University of Calabria (UNICAL), Via P. Bucci, Cubo 42C, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
| | - Giulia Azzato
- Department of Computer Engineering, Modelling, Electronics and Systems Engineering (DIMES), University of Calabria (UNICAL), Via P. Bucci, Cubo 42C, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Marco
- Information Technology Center (ICT), University of Calabria (UNICAL), Via P. Bucci, Cubo 22B, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
| | - Agostino Lauria
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento (UNISALENTO), Corpo Z, Campus Ecotekne, SP.6 per Monteroni, Lecce (LE), Italy
| | - Valerio Izzi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, BioIM Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland; Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veronika Bosáková
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 60200, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fric
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 60200, Czech Republic; Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Filipensky
- Department of Urology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 60200, Czech Republic; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK.
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5
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Oh M, Batty S, Banerjee N, Kim TH. High extracellular glucose promotes cell motility by modulating cell deformability and contractility via the cAMP-RhoA-ROCK axis in human breast cancer cells. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar79. [PMID: 37195739 PMCID: PMC10398875 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-12-0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties, or mechanotypes, of cells are largely determined by their deformability and contractility. The ability of cancer cells to deform and generate contractile force is critical in multiple steps of metastasis. Identifying soluble cues that regulate cancer cell mechanotypes and understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating these cellular mechanotypes could provide novel therapeutic targets to prevent metastasis. Although a strong correlation between high glucose level and cancer metastasis has been demonstrated, the causality has not been elucidated, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, using novel high-throughput mechanotyping assays, we show that human breast cancer cells become less deformable and more contractile with increased extracellular glucose levels (>5 mM). These altered cell mechanotypes are due to increased F-actin rearrangement and nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) activity. We identify the cAMP-RhoA-ROCK-NMII axis as playing a major role in regulating cell mechanotypes at high extracellular glucose levels, whereas calcium and myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) are not required. The altered mechanotypes are also associated with increased cell migration and invasion. Our study identifies key components in breast cancer cells that convert high extracellular glucose levels into changes in cellular mechanotype and behavior relevant in cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijung Oh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Skylar Batty
- Undergraduate Pipeline Network Summer Research Program, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Nayan Banerjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131
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6
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Liu ZL, Chen HH, Zheng LL, Sun LP, Shi L. Angiogenic signaling pathways and anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:198. [PMID: 37169756 PMCID: PMC10175505 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a complex and dynamic process regulated by various pro- and anti-angiogenic molecules, which plays a crucial role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. With the advances in molecular and cellular biology, various biomolecules such as growth factors, chemokines, and adhesion factors involved in tumor angiogenesis has gradually been elucidated. Targeted therapeutic research based on these molecules has driven anti-angiogenic treatment to become a promising strategy in anti-tumor therapy. The most widely used anti-angiogenic agents include monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. However, the clinical benefit of this modality has still been limited due to several defects such as adverse events, acquired drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and lack of validated biomarkers, which impel further research on mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis, the development of multiple drugs and the combination therapy to figure out how to improve the therapeutic efficacy. Here, we broadly summarize various signaling pathways in tumor angiogenesis and discuss the development and current challenges of anti-angiogenic therapy. We also propose several new promising approaches to improve anti-angiogenic efficacy and provide a perspective for the development and research of anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ling Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan-Huan Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Li Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
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7
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Tierno D, Azzalini E, Farra R, Drioli S, Felluga F, Lazzarino M, Grassi G, Dapas B, Bonin S. Nanomechanical Characterization of Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines as a Marker of Response to 2c Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087230. [PMID: 37108391 PMCID: PMC10139025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with different molecular and clinical features. In past decades, few improvements have been achieved in terms of EOC management and treatment efficacy, such that the 5-year survival rate of patients remained almost unchanged. A better characterization of EOCs' heterogeneity is needed to identify cancer vulnerabilities, stratify patients and adopt proper therapies. The mechanical features of malignant cells are emerging as new biomarkers of cancer invasiveness and drug resistance that can further improve our knowledge of EOC biology and allow the identification of new molecular targets. In this study, we determined the inter and intra-mechanical heterogeneity of eight ovarian cancer cell lines and their association with tumor invasiveness and resistance to an anti-tumoral drug with cytoskeleton depolymerization activity (2c).
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tierno
- Department of Medical Sciences (DSM), University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Eros Azzalini
- Department of Medical Sciences (DSM), University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rossella Farra
- Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Drioli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (DSCF), University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fulvia Felluga
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (DSCF), University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Lazzarino
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Barbara Dapas
- Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Bonin
- Department of Medical Sciences (DSM), University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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8
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Szudy-Szczyrek A, Mlak R, Mazurek M, Krajka T, Chocholska S, Bitkowska P, Jutrzenka M, Szczyrek M, Homa-Mlak I, Krajka A, Małecka-Massalska T, Hus M. The TT Genotype of the KIAA1524 rs2278911 Polymorphism Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Multiple Myeloma. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071029. [PMID: 37048102 PMCID: PMC10093279 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The KIAA1524 gene encodes an oncoprotein, CIP2A, which inhibits the phosphorylation of the Akt kinase B, stabilizes the c-Myc protein, and, through that, promotes cancerogenesis. An increase in CIP2A expression has been observed in numerous solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical impact of the functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the KIAA1524 gene (rs2278911, 686C > T) in MM patients. Methods: The study group consisted of 128 patients with de novo MM. EDTA venous blood samples were collected prior to the treatment. The SNPs were analyzed by Real-Time PCR with the use of specific Taqman probes. Results: Multivariable analysis revealed that variables independently associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) included thrombocytopenia, delTP53 and IGH/CCND1 translocation and the TT genotype of the KIAA1524 gene (686C > T) (median PFS: 6 vs. 25 months; HR = 7.18). On the other hand, autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) was related to a lower risk of early disease progression. Moreover, light chain disease, International Staging System (ISS) 3, poor performance status, hypoalbuminemia, IGH/FGFR3 translocation and the TT genotype of the KIAA1524 gene (686C > T) were independent prognostic factors associated with shorter overall survival (OS) (median OS: 8 vs. 45 months; HR = 7.08). Conclusion: The evaluation of the SNP 686C > T of the KIAA1524 gene could be used as a diagnostic tool in MM patients at risk of early disease progression and death.
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9
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Basu A, Paul MK, Weiss S. The actin cytoskeleton: Morphological changes in pre- and fully developed lung cancer. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 3:041304. [PMID: 38505516 PMCID: PMC10903407 DOI: 10.1063/5.0096188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Actin, a primary component of the cell cytoskeleton can have multiple isoforms, each of which can have specific properties uniquely suited for their purpose. These monomers are then bound together to form polymeric filaments utilizing adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis as a source of energy. Proteins, such as Arp2/3, VASP, formin, profilin, and cofilin, serve important roles in the polymerization process. These filaments can further be linked to form stress fibers by proteins called actin-binding proteins, such as α-actinin, myosin, fascin, filamin, zyxin, and epsin. These stress fibers are responsible for mechanotransduction, maintaining cell shape, cell motility, and intracellular cargo transport. Cancer metastasis, specifically epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is one of the key steps of the process, is accompanied by the formation of thick stress fibers through the Rho-associated protein kinase, MAPK/ERK, and Wnt pathways. Recently, with the advent of "field cancerization," pre-malignant cells have also been demonstrated to possess stress fibers and related cytoskeletal features. Analytical methods ranging from western blot and RNA-sequencing to cryo-EM and fluorescent imaging have been employed to understand the structure and dynamics of actin and related proteins including polymerization/depolymerization. More recent methods involve quantifying properties of the actin cytoskeleton from fluorescent images and utilizing them to study biological processes, such as EMT. These image analysis approaches exploit the fact that filaments have a unique structure (curvilinear) compared to the noise or other artifacts to separate them. Line segments are extracted from these filament images that have assigned lengths and orientations. Coupling such methods with statistical analysis has resulted in development of a new reporter for EMT in lung cancer cells as well as their drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shimon Weiss
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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10
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How do cells stiffen? Biochem J 2022; 479:1825-1842. [PMID: 36094371 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell stiffness is an important characteristic of cells and their response to external stimuli. In this review, we survey methods used to measure cell stiffness, summarize stimuli that alter cell stiffness, and discuss signaling pathways and mechanisms that control cell stiffness. Several pathological states are characterized by changes in cell stiffness, suggesting this property can serve as a potential diagnostic marker or therapeutic target. Therefore, we consider the effect of cell stiffness on signaling and growth processes required for homeostasis and dysfunction in healthy and pathological states. Specifically, the composition and structure of the cell membrane and cytoskeleton are major determinants of cell stiffness, and studies have identified signaling pathways that affect cytoskeletal dynamics both directly and by altered gene expression. We present the results of studies interrogating the effects of biophysical and biochemical stimuli on the cytoskeleton and other cellular components and how these factors determine the stiffness of both individual cells and multicellular structures. Overall, these studies represent an intersection of the fields of polymer physics, protein biochemistry, and mechanics, and identify specific mechanisms involved in mediating cell stiffness that can serve as therapeutic targets.
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11
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Waszczykowska K, Prażanowska K, Kałuzińska Ż, Kołat D, Płuciennik E. Discovering biomarkers for hormone-dependent tumors: in silico study on signaling pathways implicated in cell cycle and cytoskeleton regulation. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:947-963. [PMID: 35532795 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignancies dependent on hormone homeostasis include breast, ovary, cervical, prostate, testis and uterine tumors. Hormones are involved in signal transduction which orchestrate processes, such as apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle or cytoskeleton organization. Currently, there is a need for novel biomarkers which would help to diagnose cancers efficiently. In this study, the genes implicated in signaling that is important in hormone-sensitive carcinogenesis were investigated regarding their prognostic significance. Data of seven cancer cohorts were collected from FireBrowse. 54 gene sets implicated in specific pathways were browsed through MSig database. Profiling was assessed via Monocle3, while gene ontology through PANTHER. For confirmation, correlation analysis was performed using WGCNA. Protein-protein networks were visualized via Cytoscape and impact of genes on survival, as well as cell cycle or cytoskeleton-related prognostic signatures, was tested. Several differences in expression profile were identified, some of them allowed to distinguish histology. Functional annotation revealed that various regulation of cell cycle, adhesion, migration, apoptosis and angiogenesis underlie these differences. Clinical traits, such as histological type or cancer staging, were found during evaluation of module-trait relationships. Of modules, the TopHubs (COL6A3, TNR, GTF2A1, NKX3-1) interacted directly with, e.g., PDGFB, ITGA10, SP1 or AKT3. Among TopHubs and interacting proteins, many showed an impact on hazard ratio and affected the cell cycle or cytoskeleton-related prognostic signatures, e.g., COL1A1 or PDGFB. In conclusion, this study laid the foundation for further hormone-sensitive carcinogenesis research through identification of genes which prove that crosstalk between cell cycle and cytoskeleton exists, opening avenues for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Prażanowska
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Żaneta Kałuzińska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
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12
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Wong DCP, Lee EHC, Er J, Yow I, Koean RAG, Ang O, Xiao J, Low BC, Ding JL. Lung Cancer Induces NK Cell Contractility and Cytotoxicity Through Transcription Factor Nuclear Localization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:871326. [PMID: 35652099 PMCID: PMC9149376 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.871326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actomyosin-mediated cellular contractility is highly conserved for mechanotransduction and signalling. While this phenomenon has been observed in adherent cell models, whether/how contractile forces regulate the function of suspension cells like natural killer (NK) cells during cancer surveillance, is unknown. Here, we demonstrated in coculture settings that the evolutionarily conserved NK cell transcription factor, Eomes, undergoes nuclear shuttling during lung cancer cell surveillance. Biophysical and biochemical analyses revealed mechanistic enhancement of NK cell actomyosin-mediated contractility, which is associated with nuclear flattening, thus enabling nuclear entry of Eomes associated with enhanced NK cytotoxicity. We found that NK cells responded to the presumed immunosuppressive TGFβ in the NK-lung cancer coculture medium to sustain its intracellular contractility through myosin light chain phosphorylation, thereby promoting Eomes nuclear localization. Therefore, our results demonstrate that lung cancer cells provoke NK cell contractility as an early phase activation mechanism and that Eomes is a plausible mechano-responsive protein for increased NK cytotoxicity. There is scope for strategic application of actomyosin-mediated contractility modulating drugs ex vivo, to reinvigorate NK cells prior to adoptive cancer immunotherapy in vivo (177 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Chen Pei Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Hui Clarissa Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junzhi Er
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ivan Yow
- Mechanobiology Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Owen Ang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingwei Xiao
- Mechanobiology Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Chuan Low
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,University Scholars Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeak Ling Ding
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Basu A, Paul MK, Alioscha-Perez M, Grosberg A, Sahli H, Dubinett SM, Weiss S. Statistical parametrization of cell cytoskeleton reveals lung cancer cytoskeletal phenotype with partial EMT signature. Commun Biol 2022; 5:407. [PMID: 35501466 PMCID: PMC9061773 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a multi-step process that involves cytoskeletal rearrangement. Here, developing and using an image quantification tool, Statistical Parametrization of Cell Cytoskeleton (SPOCC), we have identified an intermediate EMT state with a specific cytoskeletal signature. We have been able to partition EMT into two steps: (1) initial formation of transverse arcs and dorsal stress fibers and (2) their subsequent conversion to ventral stress fibers with a concurrent alignment of fibers. Using the Orientational Order Parameter (OOP) as a figure of merit, we have been able to track EMT progression in live cells as well as characterize and quantify their cytoskeletal response to drugs. SPOCC has improved throughput and is non-destructive, making it a viable candidate for studying a broad range of biological processes. Further, owing to the increased stiffness (and by inference invasiveness) of the intermediate EMT phenotype compared to mesenchymal cells, our work can be instrumental in aiding the search for future treatment strategies that combat metastasis by specifically targeting the fiber alignment process. A computational method for automated quantification of actin stress fiber alignment in fluorescence images of cultured cells is presented, used to detect changes in stress fiber organization during EMT, with pathways regulating actin dynamics manipulated leading to the discovery of a cytoskeletal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaprabha Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manash K Paul
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angles, CA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mitchel Alioscha-Perez
- Electronics and Informatics Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Anna Grosberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hichem Sahli
- Electronics and Informatics Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angles, CA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shimon Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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14
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Filla MS, Meyer KK, Faralli JA, Peters DM. Overexpression and Activation of αvβ3 Integrin Differentially Affects TGFβ2 Signaling in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081923. [PMID: 34440692 PMCID: PMC8394542 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies from our laboratory have suggested that activation of αvβ3 integrin-mediated signaling could contribute to the fibrotic-like changes observed in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma. To determine how αvβ3 integrin signaling could be involved in this process, RNA-Seq analysis was used to analyze the transcriptomes of immortalized trabecular meshwork (TM) cell lines overexpressing either a control vector or a wild type (WT) or a constitutively active (CA) αvβ3 integrin. Compared to control cells, hierarchical clustering, PANTHER pathway and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis of cells overexpressing WT-αvβ3 integrin or CA-αvβ3 integrin resulted in a significant differential expression of genes encoding for transcription factors, adhesion and cytoskeleton proteins, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, cytokines and GTPases. Cells overexpressing a CA-αvβ3 integrin also demonstrated an enrichment for genes encoding proteins found in TGFβ2, Wnt and cadherin signaling pathways all of which have been implicated in POAG pathogenesis. These changes were not observed in cells overexpressing WT-αvβ3 integrin. Our results suggest that activation of αvβ3 integrin signaling in TM cells could have significant impacts on TM function and POAG pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Filla
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (M.S.F.); (K.K.M.); (J.A.F.)
| | - Kristy K. Meyer
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (M.S.F.); (K.K.M.); (J.A.F.)
| | - Jennifer A. Faralli
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (M.S.F.); (K.K.M.); (J.A.F.)
| | - Donna M. Peters
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (M.S.F.); (K.K.M.); (J.A.F.)
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-608-262-4626
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15
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Yang Y, Ye WL, Zhang RN, He XS, Wang JR, Liu YX, Wang Y, Yang XM, Zhang YJ, Gan WJ. The Role of TGF- β Signaling Pathways in Cancer and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6675208. [PMID: 34335834 PMCID: PMC8321733 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6675208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway mediates various biological functions, and its dysregulation is closely related to the occurrence of malignant tumors. However, the role of TGF-β signaling in tumorigenesis and development is complex and contradictory. On the one hand, TGF-β signaling can exert antitumor effects by inhibiting proliferation or inducing apoptosis of cancer cells. On the other hand, TGF-β signaling may mediate oncogene effects by promoting metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune escape. This review summarizes the recent findings on molecular mechanisms of TGF-β signaling. Specifically, this review evaluates TGF-β's therapeutic potential as a target by the following perspectives: ligands, receptors, and downstream signaling. We hope this review can trigger new ideas to improve the current clinical strategies to treat tumors related to the TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen-Long Ye
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiao-Shun He
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jing-Ru Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xue-Mei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yu-Juan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen-Juan Gan
- Department of Pathology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215124, China
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16
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De Las Rivas J, Brozovic A, Izraely S, Casas-Pais A, Witz IP, Figueroa A. Cancer drug resistance induced by EMT: novel therapeutic strategies. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2279-2297. [PMID: 34003341 PMCID: PMC8241801 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, important clinical benefits have been achieved in cancer patients by using drug-targeting strategies. Nevertheless, drug resistance is still a major problem in most cancer therapies. Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) and tumour microenvironment have been described as limiting factors for effective treatment in many cancer types. Moreover, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has also been associated with therapy resistance in many different preclinical models, although limited evidence has been obtained from clinical studies and clinical samples. In this review, we particularly deepen into the mechanisms of which intermediate epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) states and its interconnection to microenvironment influence therapy resistance. We also describe how the use of bioinformatics and pharmacogenomics will help to figure out the biological impact of the EMT on drug resistance and to develop novel pharmacological approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier De Las Rivas
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Group, Cancer Research Center (CiC-IBMCC, CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Anamaria Brozovic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sivan Izraely
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alba Casas-Pais
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Spain.,Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Coruña, Spain
| | - Isaac P Witz
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Angélica Figueroa
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Spain. .,Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Coruña, Spain.
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17
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Melchionna R, Trono P, Tocci A, Nisticò P. Actin Cytoskeleton and Regulation of TGFβ Signaling: Exploring Their Links. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020336. [PMID: 33672325 PMCID: PMC7926735 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tissues, to maintain their architecture and function, respond to injuries by activating intricate biochemical and physical mechanisms that regulates intercellular communication crucial in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Coordination of the communication occurs through the activity of different actin cytoskeletal regulators, physically connected to extracellular matrix through integrins, generating a platform of biochemical and biomechanical signaling that is deregulated in cancer. Among the major pathways, a controller of cellular functions is the cytokine transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), which remains a complex and central signaling network still to be interpreted and explained in cancer progression. Here, we discuss the link between actin dynamics and TGFβ signaling with the aim of exploring their aberrant interaction in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Melchionna
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (P.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Paola Trono
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (P.T.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, via Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tocci
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (P.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Paola Nisticò
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (P.T.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0652662539
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18
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Actin as a Target to Reduce Cell Invasiveness in Initial Stages of Metastasis. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 49:1342-1352. [PMID: 33145677 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the relative roles of the cell cytoskeleton, and specific importance of actin in facilitating mechanical aspects of metastatic invasion. A crucial step in metastasis, the typically lethal spread of cancer to distant body-sites, is cell invasion through dense tissues composed of extracellular matrix and various non-cancerous cells. Cell invasion requires cell-cytoskeleton remodeling to facilitate dynamic morphological changes and force application. We have previously shown invasive cell subsets in heterogeneous samples can rapidly (2 h) and forcefully indent non-degradable, impenetrable, synthetic gels to cell-scale depths. The amounts of indenting cells and their attained depths provide the mechanical invasiveness of the sample, which as we have shown agrees with the in vitro metastatic potential and the in vivo metastatic risk in humans. To identify invasive force-application mechanisms, we evaluated changes in mechanical invasiveness following chemical perturbations targeting the structure and function of cytoskeleton elements and associated proteins. We evaluate effects on short-term (2-hr) indentations of single, well-spaced or closely situated cells as compared to long-time-scale Boyden chamber migration. We show that actomyosin inhibition may be used to reduce (mechanical) invasiveness of single or collectively invading cells, while actin-disruption may induce escape-response of treated single-cells, which may promote metastasis.
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19
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LINC01094/miR-577 axis regulates the progression of ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:122. [PMID: 33069244 PMCID: PMC7568364 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long intergenic non-coding RNA 01094 (LINC01094) is probably a novel regulator in cancer biology. This study aimed to probe into the function and mechanism of LINC01094 in ovarian cancer (OC). Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was utilized to measure LINC01094 and miR-577 expressions in OC tissues and cell lines. Western blot was used to examine the expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins, β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays were used to detect the proliferation, migration and invasion of SKOV3 and 3AO cells, respectively. Eventually, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to detect the regulatory relationship between miR-577 and LINC01094. Results LINC01094 expression was elevated in OC tissues and cell lines. High LINC01094 expression was associated with higher FIGO stage, lymph node metastasis and the shorter overall survival rate in patients with OC. Meanwhile, LINC01094 knockdown inhibited OC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT. In addition, miR-577 was demonstrated to be a direct downstream target of LINC01094 in OC and inhibition of miR-577 reversed the biological effects of LINC01094 knockdown on OC cells. Additionally, LINC01094 / miR-577 axis regulated the expressions of β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 in OC cells. Conclusion LINC01094 promotes the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of OC cells by adsorbing miR-577.
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20
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Chen J, Backman LJ, Zhang W, Ling C, Danielson P. Regulation of Keratocyte Phenotype and Cell Behavior by Substrate Stiffness. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5162-5171. [PMID: 33455266 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Corneal tissue engineering is an alternative way to solve the problem of lack of corneal donor tissue in corneal transplantation. Keratocytes with a normal phenotype and function in tissue-engineered cornea would be critical for corneal regeneration. Although the role of extracellular/substrate material stiffness is well-known for the regulation of the cell phenotype and cell behavior in many different cell types, its effects in keratocyte culture have not yet been thoroughly studied. This project studied the effect of substrate stiffness on the keratocyte phenotype marker expression and typical cell behavior (cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration), and the possible mechanisms involved. Human primary keratocytes were cultured on tissue culture plastic (TCP, ∼106 kPa) or on plates with the stiffness equivalent of physiological human corneal stroma (25 kPa) or vitreous body (1 kPa). The expression of keratocyte phenotype markers, cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration were compared. The results showed that the stiffness of the substrate material regulates the phenotype marker expression and cell behavior of cultured keratocytes. Physiological corneal stiffness (25 kPa) superiorly preserved the cell phenotype when compared to the TCP and 1 kPa group. Keratocytes had a larger cell area when cultured on 25 kPa plates as compared to on TCP. Treatment of cells with NSC 23766 (Rac1 inhibitor) mimicked the response in the cell phenotype and behavior seen in the transition from soft materials to stiff materials, including the cytoskeletal structure, expression of keratocyte phenotype markers, and cell behavior. In conclusion, this study shows that substrate stiffness regulates the cell phenotype marker expression and cell behavior of keratocytes by Rac1-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization. This knowledge contributes to the development of corneal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ludvig J Backman
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden.,Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chen Ling
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Patrik Danielson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
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21
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Teixeira AF, Ten Dijke P, Zhu HJ. On-Target Anti-TGF-β Therapies Are Not Succeeding in Clinical Cancer Treatments: What Are Remaining Challenges? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:605. [PMID: 32733895 PMCID: PMC7360684 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death for cancer patients. During cancer progression, the initial detachment of cells from the primary tumor and the later colonization of a secondary organ are characterized as limiting steps for metastasis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) are opposite dynamic multistep processes that enable these critical events in metastasis by altering the phenotype of cancer cells and improving their ability to migrate, invade and seed at distant organs. Among the molecular pathways that promote tumorigenesis in late-stage cancers, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is described as an EMT master inducer by controlling different genes and proteins related to cytoskeleton assembly, cell-cell attachment and extracellular matrix remodeling. Still, despite the successful outcomes of different TGF-β pharmacological inhibitors in cell culture (in vitro) and animal models (in vivo), results in cancer clinical trials are poor or inconsistent at least, highlighting the existence of crucial components in human cancers that have not been properly explored. Here we review most recent findings to provide perspectives bridging the gap between on-target anti-TGF-β therapies in vitro and in pre-clinical models and the poor clinical outcomes in treating cancer patients. Specifically, we focus on (i) the dual roles of TGF-β signaling in cancer metastasis; (ii) dynamic signaling; (iii) functional differences of TGF-β free in solution vs. in exosomes; (iv) the regulatory effects of tumor microenvironment (TME) – particularly by cancer-associated fibroblasts – on TGF-β signaling pathway. Clearly identifying and establishing those missing links may provide strategies to revitalize and clinically improve the efficacy of TGF-β targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Fonseca Teixeira
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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22
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Lavin DP, Tiwari VK. Unresolved Complexity in the Gene Regulatory Network Underlying EMT. Front Oncol 2020; 10:554. [PMID: 32477926 PMCID: PMC7235173 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the process whereby a polarized epithelial cell ceases to maintain cell-cell contacts, loses expression of characteristic epithelial cell markers, and acquires mesenchymal cell markers and properties such as motility, contractile ability, and invasiveness. A complex process that occurs during development and many disease states, EMT involves a plethora of transcription factors (TFs) and signaling pathways. Whilst great advances have been made in both our understanding of the progressive cell-fate changes during EMT and the gene regulatory networks that drive this process, there are still gaps in our knowledge. Epigenetic modifications are dynamic, chromatin modifying enzymes are vast and varied, transcription factors are pleiotropic, and signaling pathways are multifaceted and rarely act alone. Therefore, it is of great importance that we decipher and understand each intricate step of the process and how these players at different levels crosstalk with each other to successfully orchestrate EMT. A delicate balance and fine-tuned cooperation of gene regulatory mechanisms is required for EMT to occur successfully, and until we resolve the unknowns in this network, we cannot hope to develop effective therapies against diseases that involve aberrant EMT such as cancer. In this review, we focus on data that challenge these unknown entities underlying EMT, starting with EMT stimuli followed by intracellular signaling through to epigenetic mechanisms and chromatin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijay K. Tiwari
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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23
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Teixeira AF, Ten Dijke P, Zhu HJ. On-Target Anti-TGF-β Therapies Are Not Succeeding in Clinical Cancer Treatments: What Are Remaining Challenges? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020. [PMID: 32733895 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00605.pmid:32733895;pmcid:pmc7360684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death for cancer patients. During cancer progression, the initial detachment of cells from the primary tumor and the later colonization of a secondary organ are characterized as limiting steps for metastasis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) are opposite dynamic multistep processes that enable these critical events in metastasis by altering the phenotype of cancer cells and improving their ability to migrate, invade and seed at distant organs. Among the molecular pathways that promote tumorigenesis in late-stage cancers, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is described as an EMT master inducer by controlling different genes and proteins related to cytoskeleton assembly, cell-cell attachment and extracellular matrix remodeling. Still, despite the successful outcomes of different TGF-β pharmacological inhibitors in cell culture (in vitro) and animal models (in vivo), results in cancer clinical trials are poor or inconsistent at least, highlighting the existence of crucial components in human cancers that have not been properly explored. Here we review most recent findings to provide perspectives bridging the gap between on-target anti-TGF-β therapies in vitro and in pre-clinical models and the poor clinical outcomes in treating cancer patients. Specifically, we focus on (i) the dual roles of TGF-β signaling in cancer metastasis; (ii) dynamic signaling; (iii) functional differences of TGF-β free in solution vs. in exosomes; (iv) the regulatory effects of tumor microenvironment (TME) - particularly by cancer-associated fibroblasts - on TGF-β signaling pathway. Clearly identifying and establishing those missing links may provide strategies to revitalize and clinically improve the efficacy of TGF-β targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Fonseca Teixeira
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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24
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Ke SB, Qiu H, Chen JM, Shi W, Han C, Gong Y, Chen YS. ALG3 contributes to the malignancy of non-small cell lung cancer and is negatively regulated by MiR-98-5p. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 216:152761. [PMID: 31899049 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase (ALG3) is an oncoprotein associated with multiple malignancies. We aimed to investigate the role and potential mechanisms of ALG3 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS We detected the expressions of ALG3 in NSCLC tissues and adjacent tissues by RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Chi-square test was used to analyze the correlation between ALG3 expression and pathological paremeters. Then we used shRNA to construct a low expression model of ALG3 in NCI-H292 and NCI-H460. CCK-8 assay and transwell assay were then performed to monitor the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Western blot was to detect the expression of EMT-related indicators. Further, the interaction of miR-98-5p with ALG3 was verified by luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS The expression of ALG3 in NSCLC tissues was higher than that in normal tissues, and the increase in ALG3 expression was significantly associated with higher T stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor tissue differentiation. Patients with high ALG3 expression had a worse prognosis. ALG3 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. In addition, the knockdown of ALG3 resulted in increased expression of EMT-related protein E-cadherin, while N-cadherin and Vimentin expression was decreased. Dual luciferase assay confirmed that miR-98-5p can specifically bind to the 3'UTR of ALG3 and reduces its expression and activity. CONCLUSION ALG3 can promote the progression of NSCLC and is negatively regulated by miR-98-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Bo Ke
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hu Qiu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia-Mei Chen
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chen Han
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yong-Shun Chen
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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