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Amitrano C, Rouphael Y, De Pascale S, De Micco V. Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD) Drives the Balance of Hydraulic-Related Anatomical Traits in Lettuce Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2369. [PMID: 36145772 PMCID: PMC9502365 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The coordination of leaf hydraulic-related traits with leaf size is influenced by environmental conditions and especially by VPD. Water and gas flows are guided by leaf anatomical and physiological traits, whose plasticity is crucial for plants to face environmental changes. Only a few studies have analysed how variations in VPD levels influence stomatal and vein development and their correlation with leaf size, reporting contrasting results. Thus, we applied microscopy techniques to evaluate the effect of low and high VPDs on the development of stomata and veins, also analysing leaf functional traits. We hypothesized that leaves under high VPD with a modified balance between veins and stomata face higher transpiration. We also explored the variability of stomata and vein density across the leaf lamina. From the results, it was evident that under both VPDs, plants maintained a coordinated development of stomata and veins, with a higher density at low VPD. Moreover, more stomata but fewer veins developed in the parts of the lettuce head exposed to light, suggesting that their differentiation during leaf expansion is strictly dependent on the microclimatic conditions. Knowing the plasticity of hydraulic-related morpho-functional traits and its intra-leaf variability is timely for their impact on water and gas fluxes, thus helping to evaluate the impact of environmental-driven anatomical variations on productivity of natural ecosystems and crops, in a climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Amitrano
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (V.D.M.); Tel.: +39-081-2532026 (C.A. & V.D.M.)
| | | | | | - Veronica De Micco
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (V.D.M.); Tel.: +39-081-2532026 (C.A. & V.D.M.)
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2
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The Effect of Vapor Pressure Deficit Regulation on the Growth of Tomato Plants Grown in Different Planting Environments. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) has been identified as an increasingly important driver of plant functioning, and thus VPD regulation has been widely recognized as having the potential to improve plant growth and productivity. We monitored the trend of the VPD and observed the effect of VPD regulation by irrigating the water using VPD control equipment that automatically inserts fogging water when the VPD exceeds 1.2 kPa. Tomato crops were planted in soil, coconut fiber, and soil above poly vinyl chloride trays to observe the effectiveness of VPD regulation and the planting environment. As a result, there was no significant difference in the effect of VPD regulation on the overall growth stages of tomato crops whether they grew in soil, trays with soil, or trays with coconut fiber. However, in the case of crops grown in a tray with coconut fiber, the initial growth was similar, but the total yield and total commercial yield showed approximately 89% and 88% improvement, respectively. The number of total fruits was also improved by 49% on average.
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Li S, Hamani AKM, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Gao Y, Duan A. Coordination of leaf hydraulic, anatomical, and economical traits in tomato seedlings acclimation to long-term drought. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:536. [PMID: 34781896 PMCID: PMC8591842 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf hydraulic and economics traits are critical for balancing plant water and CO2 exchange, and their relationship has been widely studied. Leaf anatomical traits determine the efficiency of CO2 diffusion within mesophyll structure. However, it remains unclear whether leaf anatomical traits are associated with leaf hydraulic and economics traits acclimation to long-term drought. RESULTS To address this knowledge gap, eight hydraulic traits, including stomatal and venation structures, four economics traits, including leaf dry mass per area (LMA) and the ratio between palisade and spongy mesophyll thickness (PT/ST), and four anatomical traits related to CO2 diffusion were measured in tomato seedlings under the long-term drought conditions. Redundancy analysis indicated that the long-term drought decreased stomatal conductance (gs) mainly due to a synchronized reduction in hydraulic structure such as leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) and major vein width. Simultaneously, stomatal aperture on the adaxial surface and minor vein density (VDminor) also contributed a lot to this reduction. The decreases in mesophyll thickness (Tmes) and chlorophyll surface area exposed to leaf intercellular air spaces (Sc/S) were primarily responsible for the decline of mesophyll conductance (gm) thereby affecting photosynthesis. Drought increased leaf density (LD) thus limited CO2 diffusion. In addition, LMA may not be important in regulating gm in tomato under drought. Principal component analysis revealed that main anatomical traits such as Tmes and Sc/S were positively correlated to Kleaf, VDminor and leaf thickness (LT), while negatively associated with PT/ST. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that leaf anatomy plays an important role in maintaining the balance between water supply and CO2 diffusion responses to drought. There was a strong coordination between leaf hydraulic, anatomical, and economical traits in tomato seedlings acclimation to long-term drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China
| | - Yueping Liang
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China.
| | - Aiwang Duan
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China.
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Lu N, Niu J, Kang S, Singh SK, Du T. A hybrid PCA-SEM-ANN model for the prediction of water use efficiency. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Song X, Bai P, Ding J, Li J. Effect of vapor pressure deficit on growth and water status in muskmelon and cucumber. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 303:110755. [PMID: 33487342 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climatic warming and water shortages have become global environmental issues affecting agricultural production. The change of morphology and anatomical structures in plant organs can greatly affect plant growth. The study combined temperature and relative humidity to regulate vapor pressure deficit (VPD) to form low and high VPD environments (LVPD and HVPD, respectively) in two climate-controlled greenhouses. The effects of different VPD conditions on gas exchange parameters, dry matter, and leaf and stem anatomical structure parameters of muskmelon and cucumber were compared and studied. The results show that the background VPD conditions give different internal structure of muskmelon and cucumber, therefore it can improve the transport capacity of water to the leaf surface under LVPD conditions. At the same time, the stomatal closure induced by atmospheric drought stress is avoided and the gas exchange capacity of the leaf stomata is enhanced, thereby maintaining high photosynthetic rate. Thus, reducing VPD is the key to achieving high yield and productivity in greenhouse muskmelon and cucumber production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Song
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ping Bai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Juping Ding
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jianming Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Bauters M, Meeus S, Barthel M, Stoffelen P, De Deurwaerder HPT, Meunier F, Drake TW, Ponette Q, Ebuy J, Vermeir P, Beeckman H, Wyffels F, Bodé S, Verbeeck H, Vandelook F, Boeckx P. Century-long apparent decrease in intrinsic water-use efficiency with no evidence of progressive nutrient limitation in African tropical forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:4449-4461. [PMID: 32364642 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forests exhibit leaf- and ecosystem-level responses to environmental changes. Specifically, rising carbon dioxide (CO2 ) levels over the past century are expected to have increased the intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) of tropical trees while the ecosystem is gradually pushed into progressive nutrient limitation. Due to the long-term character of these changes, however, observational datasets to validate both paradigms are limited in space and time. In this study, we used a unique herbarium record to go back nearly a century and show that despite the rise in CO2 concentrations, iWUE has decreased in central African tropical trees in the Congo Basin. Although we find evidence that points to leaf-level adaptation to increasing CO2 -that is, increasing photosynthesis-related nutrients and decreasing maximum stomatal conductance, a decrease in leaf δ13 C clearly indicates a decreasing iWUE over time. Additionally, the stoichiometric carbon to nitrogen and nitrogen to phosphorus ratios in the leaves show no sign of progressive nutrient limitation as they have remained constant since 1938, which suggests that nutrients have not increasingly limited productivity in this biome. Altogether, the data suggest that other environmental factors, such as increasing temperature, might have negatively affected net photosynthesis and consequently downregulated the iWUE. Results from this study reveal that the second largest tropical forest on Earth has responded differently to recent environmental changes than expected, highlighting the need for further on-ground monitoring in the Congo Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology - CAVElab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Matti Barthel
- Sustainable Agroecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hannes P T De Deurwaerder
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology - CAVElab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Félicien Meunier
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology - CAVElab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Travis W Drake
- Sustainable Agroecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Ponette
- UCL-ELI, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jerôme Ebuy
- UCL-ELI, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Université de Kisangani (UNIKIS/FGRNR), Kisangani, République Démocratique du Congo
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Laboratory for Chemical Analyses - LCA, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Francis Wyffels
- AIRO, Electronics and Information Systems Department, Ghent University-Imec, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Samuel Bodé
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology - CAVElab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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Amitrano C, Chirico GB, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y, De Micco V. Crop Management in Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) Systems Using Predictive Mathematical Models. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3110. [PMID: 32486394 PMCID: PMC7308940 DOI: 10.3390/s20113110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Proximal sensors in controlled environment agriculture (CEA) are used to monitor plant growth, yield, and water consumption with non-destructive technologies. Rapid and continuous monitoring of environmental and crop parameters may be used to develop mathematical models to predict crop response to microclimatic changes. Here, we applied the energy cascade model (MEC) on green- and red-leaf butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata). We tooled up the model to describe the changing leaf functional efficiency during the growing period. We validated the model on an independent dataset with two different vapor pressure deficit (VPD) levels, corresponding to nominal (low VPD) and off-nominal (high VPD) conditions. Under low VPD, the modified model accurately predicted the transpiration rate (RMSE = 0.10 Lm-2), edible biomass (RMSE = 6.87 g m-2), net-photosynthesis (rBIAS = 34%), and stomatal conductance (rBIAS = 39%). Under high VPD, the model overestimated photosynthesis and stomatal conductance (rBIAS = 76-68%). This inconsistency is likely due to the empirical nature of the original model, which was designed for nominal conditions. Here, applications of the modified model are discussed, and possible improvements are suggested based on plant morpho-physiological changes occurring in sub-optimal scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Battista Chirico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (C.A.); (S.D.P.); (Y.R.)
| | | | | | - Veronica De Micco
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (C.A.); (S.D.P.); (Y.R.)
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