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Mandal SK, Mukherjee N, Ray AS, Hazra S, Saha S, Das S, Joardar N, Saha S, Sinha Babu SP, Rahaman CH. An ethnopharmacological approach to evaluate antiparasitic and health-promoting abilities of Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC. in livestock. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305667. [PMID: 39028725 PMCID: PMC11259309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In eastern India, the tubers of Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC. are used by the ethnic communities for its wide range of medicinal and nutritional value, especially to rejuvenate livestock health and to treat helminthiasis. The study is aimed to evaluate the ethnoveterinary medicinal importance of P. tuberosa as anthelmintic, to verify its nontoxic nature and identify the most potent phytoconstituents aided by in silico molecular docking technique. Ethnomedicinal data collected from 185 informants were quantitatively analyzed employing eight quantitative indices to highlight the use diversity and most frequently used part of the plant. High scores of certain indices employed, such as Use Value (UV = 0.52), Fidelity Level (FL = 68.42%) and Tissue Importance Value (TIV = 1) clearly illustrate an ethnomedicinal lead regarding medico-nutritional benefits of the tuber part used against intestinal helminthic diseases of veterinary animals. Based on this ethno-guided lead, root tuber has been investigated for its chemical profiling by the estimation of total phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids, along with HPLC and GC-MS analyses. Anthelmintic property was evaluated with the tuber extracts by in vitro studies on some helminths of livestock and poultry birds, and it showed promising results against the tested parasites namely Cotylophoron cotylophorum, Raillietina tetragona and Setaria cervi. Toxicity assessments of tuber extract through in vitro and in vivo methods were performed using Vero cells and BALB/c mice. Nontoxic nature of the studied tuber extract was observed even in higher experimental doses. Out of 12 phytocompounds identified by GC-MS analysis, one compound [Morphinan-4,5-epoxy-3,6-di-ol,6- (7-nitrobenzofurazan-4-yl) amino-] exhibited the best binding conformations in cost of the lowest binding energy values with six target proteins that include one anti-inflammatory, one antioxidant, and four anthelmintic proteins. The findings of our study are found very encouraging to evaluate this tuber drug furthermore intensively towards the development of anthelmintic veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kalyan Mandal
- Ethnopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India
| | - Niladri Mukherjee
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India
| | - Anindya Sundar Ray
- Ethnopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India
| | - Samik Hazra
- Ethnopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India
| | - Sathi Saha
- Ethnopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India
| | - Swetarka Das
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nikhilesh Joardar
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India
| | - Saradindu Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Lima ES, de Araújo Pinheiro A, da Rocha CQ, E Silva CR, Costa-Junior LM, Alencar LMR, Soares AMS. An alkaloidal fraction of Annona tomentosa possesses anthelmintic activity and induces surface modifications in Haemonchus contortus. Vet Parasitol 2024; 329:110195. [PMID: 38754156 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The nematode Haemonchus contortus is, as a parasite, responsible for most mortality of small ruminants, causing significant economic losses. Numerous plant-derived compounds have exhibited promising anthelmintic activities against this nematode. Notably, the Annona genus stands out for demonstrated anthelmintic effects by extracts from several of its species against different nematodes. This study aimed to assess the effect of an Annona tomentosa fraction, rich in alkaloids, on H. contortus. This fraction, named Alk.F, is derived from the methanolic extract of the plant's stem bark. Chemical characterization of Alk.F was performed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Among the nine predominant peaks obtained, seven alkaloids were identified: reticuline, reticuline N-oxide, reticuline N-oxide isomer, cyclanoline, asimilobine, tetrahydropalmatine and anonaine. Alk.F inhibited the larval development of H. contortus with an IC50 of 0.026 mg/mL, inhibited larval exsheathment with an IC50 of 0.38 mg/mL, and displayed low hemolytic activity towards sheep erythrocytes. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy revealed that Alk.F altered adhesive forces and the height profile on the surface of H. contortus larvae. In conclusion, A. tomentosa alkaloids alter the cuticle structure of H. contortus, inhibiting larval development and exsheathment, thus offering possibilities for contributing to the development of new anthelmintic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda S Lima
- The Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment (PPGSA) - Academic Master's Center for Biological and Health Sciences. Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Aglaete de Araújo Pinheiro
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Quintino da Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Carolina Rocha E Silva
- The Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment (PPGSA) - Academic Master's Center for Biological and Health Sciences. Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Livio Martins Costa-Junior
- Department of Pathology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Luciana Magalhães Rebêlo Alencar
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Biophysics and Nanossystems, Federal University of Maranhão, Campus Bacanga, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Martins Santos Soares
- The Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment (PPGSA) - Academic Master's Center for Biological and Health Sciences. Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil.
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Malsa J, Boudesocque-Delaye L, Wimel L, Auclair-Ronzaud J, Dumont B, Mach N, Reigner F, Guégnard F, Chereau A, Serreau D, Théry-Koné I, Sallé G, Fleurance G. Chicory (Cichorium intybus) reduces cyathostomin egg excretion and larval development in grazing horses. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2024; 24:100523. [PMID: 38368671 PMCID: PMC10884488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2024.100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Cyathostomins are the most prevalent parasitic nematodes of grazing horses. They are responsible for colic and diarrhea in their hosts. After several decades of exposure to synthetic anthelmintics, they have evolved to become resistant to most compounds. In addition, the drug-associated environmental side-effects question their use in the field. Alternative control strategies, like bioactive forages, are needed to face these challenges. Among these, chicory (Cichorium intybus, Puna II cultivar (cv.)) is known to convey anthelmintic compounds and may control cyathostomins in grazing horses. To challenge this hypothesis, we measured fecal egg counts and the rate of larval development in 20 naturally infected young saddle horses (2-year-old) grazing either (i) a pasture sown with chicory (n = 10) or (ii) a mesophile grassland (n = 10) at the same stocking rate (2.4 livestock unit (LU)/ha). The grazing period lasted 45 days to prevent horse reinfection. Horses in the chicory group mostly grazed chicory (89% of the bites), while those of the control group grazed mainly grasses (73%). Cyathostomins egg excretion decreased in both groups throughout the experiment. Accounting for this trajectory, the fecal egg count reduction (FECR) measured in individuals grazing chicory relative to control individuals increased from 72.9% at day 16 to 85.5% at the end of the study. In addition, larval development in feces from horses grazed on chicory was reduced by more than 60% from d31 compared to control individuals. Using a metabarcoding approach, we also evidenced a significant decrease in cyathostomin species abundance in horses grazing chicory. Chicory extract enriched in sesquiterpenes lactones was tested on two cyathostomins isolates. The estimated IC50 was high (1 and 3.4 mg/ml) and varied according to the pyrantel sensitivity status of the worm isolate. We conclude that the grazing of chicory (cv. Puna II) by horses is a promising strategy for reducing cyathostomin egg excretion and larval development that may contribute to lower the reliance on synthetic anthelmintics. The underpinning modes of action remain to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Malsa
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France.
| | | | - Laurence Wimel
- Institut Français Du Cheval et de L'équitation, Plateau Technique de Chamberet, Chamberet, France
| | - Juliette Auclair-Ronzaud
- Institut Français Du Cheval et de L'équitation, Plateau Technique de Chamberet, Chamberet, France
| | - Bertrand Dumont
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Núria Mach
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, Cedex 3, 31076, France
| | - Fabrice Reigner
- INRAE, Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de L'Orfrasière, Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabrice Guégnard
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Angélique Chereau
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Delphine Serreau
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Isabelle Théry-Koné
- Université de Tours, EA 7502 Synthèse et Isolement de Molécules Bioactives, Tours, France
| | - Guillaume Sallé
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Géraldine Fleurance
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; Institut Français Du Cheval et de L'équitation, Pôle Développement, Innovation et Recherche, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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Cely-Veloza W, Kato MJ, Coy-Barrera E. Quinolizidine-Type Alkaloids: Chemodiversity, Occurrence, and Bioactivity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27862-27893. [PMID: 37576649 PMCID: PMC10413377 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) are nitrogen-containing compounds produced naturally as specialized metabolites distributed in plants and animals (e.g., frogs, sponges). The present review compiles the available information on the chemical diversity and biological activity of QAs reported during the last three decades. So far, 397 QAs have been isolated, gathering 20 different representative classes, including the most common such as matrine (13.6%), lupanine (9.8%), anagyrine (4.0%), sparteine (5.3%), cytisine (6.5%), tetrahydrocytisine (4.3%), lupinine (12.1%), macrocyclic bisquinolizidine (9.3%), biphenylquinolizidine lactone (7.1%), dimeric (7.1%), and other less known QAs (20.9%), which include several structural patterns of QAs. A detailed survey of the reported information about the bioactivities of these compounds indicated their potential as cytotoxic, antiviral, antimicrobial, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, and antiacetylcholinesterase compounds, involving favorable putative drug-likeness scores. In this regard, research progress on the structural and biological/pharmacological diversity of QAs requires further studies oriented on expanding the chemical space to find bioactive scaffolds based on QAs for pharmacological and agrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Cely-Veloza
- Bioorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Campus Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia
| | - Massuo J. Kato
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Campus Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia
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Baihaqi ZA, Widiyono I, Angeles AA, Suwignyo B, Nurcahyo W. Anthelmintic activity of Carica pubescens aqueous seed extract and its effects on rumen fermentation and methane reduction in Indonesian thin-tailed sheep: An in vitro study. Vet World 2023; 16:1421-1428. [PMID: 37621545 PMCID: PMC10446714 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1421-1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Seeds from Carica pubescens were observed to be abundant as waste. This waste contains active plant compounds whose utilization has not been studied in the livestock sector. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of an aqueous seed extract of Carica pubescens (ASE) as an anthelmintic agent during rumen fermentation and methane reduction. Materials and Methods Aqueous seed extract of Carica pubescens was prepared from C. pubescens cultivated in Wonosobo, Indonesia. Phytochemical analyses were performed to quantify the secondary metabolite content of ASE. In vitro adult worm mortality tests, scanning electron microscopy, and gas production tests were conducted to evaluate rumen characteristics, methane reduction, and the potential of ASE as an anthelmintic against Haemonchus contortus. Adult worms and ruminal fluid were collected from Indonesian thin-tailed sheep. Two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences® 21.0 software to detect significant differences. Results In vitro study results showed that 1-5% ASE inhibited H. contortus after the 1st h of incubation, and 5% ASE suppressed 100% of adult H. contortus worms in the 5th h. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of ASE-treated worms ASE revealed damaged cuticle structures. ASE had no significant effect on pH, NH3, volatile fatty acid, acetate, propionate, butyrate, acetate: propionate, or microbial protein in rumen fluid (p > 0.05). The in vitro feed fermentation results showed that ASE significantly affected methane reduction. Conclusion The inclusion of up to 5% ASE in sheep diets may serve as a potential alternative anthelmintic against H. contortus as well as a methane reduction agent, without deleterious effects on rumen fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zein Ahmad Baihaqi
- Post Doctoral Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
| | - Irkham Widiyono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Amado A. Angeles
- Institute of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Bambang Suwignyo
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wisnu Nurcahyo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Gamel RME, Haroun SA, Alkhateeb OA, Soliman EA, Tanash AB, Sherief ADA, Abdel-Mogib M, Abdou AH, Ali HSAM, Al-Harbi NA, Abdelaal K, Kazamel AM. Role of Biotransformation of Acacia nilotica Metabolites by Aspergillus subolivaceus in Boosting Lupinus termis Yield: A Promising Approach to Sustainable Agriculture. SUSTAINABILITY 2023; 15:9509. [DOI: 10.3390/su15129509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation plays a significant role in sustainable agriculture. This process involves utilizing microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, to transform organic compounds and metabolites into bioactive compounds which have beneficial effects on plant growth, yield, and soil characters. Accordingly, the present study aims to explore the role of biotransformation of Acacia nilotica metabolites by Aspergillus subolivaceus in boosting L. termis yield, as an important strategy in agricultural sustainability. A pilot experiment was performed on five fungal strains (Fusarium oxysporium A. aculeatus, Aspergillus. subolivaceus, Rhizopus oryzae and Trichoderma viride) which were grown on different parts of plants (A. nilotica leaves; green tea leaves, green pepper fruits and pomegranate fruits), and the results indicated that the most active metabolite for the growth of L. termis seeds was the fungal metabolite of A. subolivaceus growing on A. nilotica. More specifically, we assess how metabolites produced by Aspergillus subolivaceus using A. nilotica leaves affect the biochemical properties and chemical composition of L. termis seeds. A. subolivaceus was grown on leaves from A. nilotica to obtain metabolites and fractionated into four extracts. Two concentrations of each extract were examined by pretreating the seeds of L. termis. The study found that all four extracts contributed to an increase in yield and some biochemical properties of the yielded seeds. The best results were obtained by treating the L. termis seeds with an extract obtained from diethyl ether, which led to a significant increase in total nitrogen, amino nitrogen, glucose and protein contents of the seeds. According to 1H NMR guided GC/MS analysis, our results showed an increase in phytochemicals such as terpenes, fatty materials, and flavonoids including 3′,4′,7-trimethoxyquercetin and 4-methyl-p-menth-8-en-3-one, which have not been stated before from A. nilotica suggesting that biotransformation may have occurred due to the presence of A. subolivaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M. E. Gamel
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Samia A. Haroun
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Omar Abdullah Alkhateeb
- Department of Agribusiness and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture & Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A. Soliman
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Arafat B. Tanash
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Mamdoh Abdel-Mogib
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hassan Abdou
- Social Studies Department, College of Arts, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Hotel Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Nadi Awad Al-Harbi
- Biology Department, University College of Tayma, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 45527, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Abdelaal
- EPCRS Excellence Center, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Lab, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Amany M. Kazamel
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Loline Alkaloid Effects on Gastrointestinal Nematodes. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12080996. [PMID: 35454243 PMCID: PMC9031532 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many plants contain natural secondary compounds that can exert medicinal effects. Parasitism in sheep is an animal welfare issue and affects performance. Much is unknown about natural plant compounds and how they could potentially serve as an alternative to traditional dewormers. Therefore, a series of preliminary studies conducted in the lab and in lambs were used to determine potential anti-parasitic effects of loline. Loline is an alkaloid found naturally in many fescue-type grasses and is considered non-toxic to mammals. Results from the studies were mixed. Despite potential promising results in the lab, there was limited evidence to support an anti-parasitic effect of loline in lambs. Discrepancies between lab and lamb studies were potentially a result of loline contact time with parasite larvae, mode of ingestion or the forms of loline present. Abstract Loline, an alkaloid with several derivatives, has suggested antimicrobial and anthelmintic properties. Therefore, loline was investigated as a natural anthelmintic against Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Teladorsagia circumcincta, and Haemonchus contortus. Preliminary in vitro studies had reduced L3 T. circumcincta establishment but no effect on L3 T. colubriformis larvae migration or H. contortus establishment. While loline-treated lambs had lower establishment of L4 and adult T. circumcincta and L4 T. colubriformis, L4 and adult H. contortus appeared unaffected. Following preliminary study, an in vivo experiment examined lambs infected with a mix of L4 T. circumcincta, T. colubriformis, and adult H. contortus. These lambs were treated with either a loline seed extract (LOL, n = 7), nothing (CON, n = 7), or a non-loline seed extract (NIL, n = 2). There were no differences in worm burdens, fecal egg counts, weight gain, or feed intake between treatments. However, an average growth efficiency (kg LWG/kg DM intake) was detected (p = 0.01) in CON (0.18) which was less than LOL (0.24) or NIL (0.23). There was limited evidence to support an in vivo anti-parasitic effect of loline despite in vitro studies indicating potential benefits. Discrepancies between in vivo and in vitro studies results were potentially a result of loline contact time with larvae, mode of ingestion or the forms of loline present.
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Unraveling the Biosynthesis of Quinolizidine Alkaloids Using the Genetic and Chemical Diversity of Mexican Lupins. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13080375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) are synthesized by the genus Lupinus as a defense against herbivores. Synthesis of QAs in lupins is species- and organ-specific. Knowledge about their biosynthesis and their corresponding pathways are still fragmentary, in part because lupins of commercial importance were mainly investigated, representing a small sample of the chemodiversity of the genus. Here, we explore the use of three Mexican lupins: Lupinus aschenbornii, Lupinus montanus, and Lupinus bilineatus as a model to study the physiology of QA biosynthesis. The corresponding QA patterns cover widely and narrowly distributed tetracyclic QAs. Quinolizidine alkaloid patterns of seeds and plantlets at different developmental stages were determined by GLC–MS and compared to identify the onset of de novo QA synthesis and to gain insight into specific and common biosynthesis trends. Onset of de novo QA biosynthesis occurred after the metabolization of seed QA during germination and was species-specific, as expected. A common QA pattern, from which the diversity of QA observed in these species is generated, was not found; however, lupanine and 3β-lupanine were found in the three specieswhile sparteine was not found in Lupinus bilineatus, suggesting that this simplest tetracyclic QA is not the precursor of more complex QAs. Similar patterns of metabolization and biosynthesis of structurally related QAs were observed, suggesting a common regulation.
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White Lupin as a Promising Source of Antioxidant Phenolics for Functional Food Production. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5512236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although white lupin is the oldest known legume in the history, it has been forgotten for many years. Now, the interest of food producers concerning white lupin is increased again. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA), and the content of selected phenolics in 11 white lupin cultivars. The determined TPC was in the interval 4260–5663 mg GAE/kg DM and the values of AA determined using DPPH•, ABTS•+, and FRAP methods were in the ranges 0.993–1.878, 5.496–7.924, and 1.328–1.741 μmol TE/g DM, respectively. Individual phenolics content (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, myricetin, quercetin, apigenin, and genistein) were determined, too. Caffeic acid (442.9–766.2 mg/kg DM) and myricetin (11.2–21.2 mg/kg DM) are the dominant phenolics in the investigated lupin cultivars. Statistically significant differences in all investigated variables were observed between the tested cultivars except for quercetin. The obtained results show that the Astra and Nelly cultivars are a rich source of phenolic acids.
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In vitro efficacy of plant extracts against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:295. [PMID: 33913023 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Farmers use plant extracts as a potential source of anthelmintic compounds against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. The objective of the study was to investigate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous (cold and boiled) and methanolic extracts of Cissus quadrangularis Linn., Aloe marlothii A. Berger, Albizia anthelmintica Brongn., Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl., Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst, and Vachellia xanthophloea (Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter plants against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Plants were used in two forms: dry and fresh. Decoction (boiled water), infusion (cold water), and methanolic extracts at concentrations of 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40% v/v were tested in vitro on mortality of L3 nematodes. Linear relationships were observed between larvae mortality and extract concentration of the boiled fresh form of C. rotundifolia (P < 0.01), fresh form of cold-water of A. marlothii (P < 0.05), fresh form of cold-water and methanolic C. quadrangularis (P < 0.01), dry form of cold-water and methanolic S. birrea (P < 0.0001), and dry form of cold-water and fresh form of methanolic V. xanthophloea (P < 0.05). Quadratic relationships were observed between larvae mortality and extract concentration of the fresh form of methanolic C. rotundifolia (P < 0.05), fresh form of methanolic A. anthelmintica (P < 0.01), the fresh form of methanol and the dry form of boiled A. marlothii (P < 0.001), fresh form of methanolic (P < 0.05) and dry form of boiled S. birrea (P < 0.01), fresh form of cold and boiled water of V. xanthophloea (P < 0.0001), and dry form of boiled water and methanolic V. xanthophloea (P < 0.05). The crude plant extracts of C. quadrangularis, A. marlothii, A. anthelmintica, C. rotundifolia, S. birrea, and V. xanthophloea could be considered as an integrated approach to achieve sustainable nematode control in goats.
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Vishnyakova MA, Kushnareva AV, Shelenga TV, Egorova GP. Alkaloids of narrow-leaved lupine as a factor determining alternative ways of the crop's utilization and breeding. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 24:625-635. [PMID: 33659848 PMCID: PMC7716546 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.), a valuable leguminous crop adapted to a wide range of
climatic conditions, has a very short history of domestication. For many centuries it was used mainly as a green
manure, since the success and prospects of the multi-purpose use of the species depend on its breeding improvement,
in particular, on a particular concentration of alkaloids in seeds and green mass. The first varieties of scientific
breeding were created only in the 1930s after the appearance of low-alkaloid mutants. Despite wide prospects
for use in various areas of the national economy, unstable productivity and susceptibility to diseases hinder the
production of this crop. Obviously, breeders deal only with a small part of the gene pool of the species and limited
genetic resources, using mainly low-alkaloid (sweet) genotypes to create new varieties. The genetic potential of
the species can be used more efficiently. At the same time, it is rational to create highly alkaloid (bitter) varieties
for green manure, while food and feed varieties
should not lose their adaptive potential, in particular, resistance to
pathogens, due to the elimination of alkaloids. In this regard, it seems to be a productive idea to create ‘bitter/sweet’
varieties combining a high content of alkaloids in the vegetative organs and low in seeds, which can be achieved
by regulating the synthesis/transport of alkaloids in the plant. The paper discusses the current state of use of the
species as a green manure, fodder, food plant. Information is given on the quantity and qualitative composition of
narrow-leaved lupine alkaloids, their applied value, in particular, fungicidal, antibacterial, insecticidal, the use of
lupine alkaloids as active principles of drugs. Along with promising breeding considerations, the possibility of using
technologies for processing raw high-alkaloid materials with the accompanying extraction of valuable ingredients
for pharmaceuticals is discussed. Information is briefly presented about the genomic resources of the species and
the prospects for their use in marker-assistant selection and genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Vishnyakova
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Kushnareva
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T V Shelenga
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - G P Egorova
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia
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Helal MA, Abdel-Gawad AM, Kandil OM, Khalifa MME, Cave GWV, Morrison AA, Bartley DJ, Elsheikha HM. Nematocidal Effects of a Coriander Essential Oil and Five Pure Principles on the Infective Larvae of Major Ovine Gastrointestinal Nematodes In Vitro. Pathogens 2020; 9:E740. [PMID: 32916863 PMCID: PMC7558654 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The anthelmintic effects of extracted coriander oil and five pure essential oil constituents (geraniol, geranyl acetate, eugenol, methyl iso-eugenol, and linalool) were tested, using larval motility assay, on the third-stage larvae (L3s) of Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus vitrinus and Cooperia oncophora. Coriander oil and linalool, a major component of tested coriander oil, showed a strong inhibitory efficacy against all species, except C. oncophora with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) that ranged from 0.56 to 1.41% for the coriander oil and 0.51 to 1.76% for linalool. The coriander oil and linalool combinations conferred a synergistic anthelmintic effect (combination index [CI] <1) on larval motility comparable to positive control (20 mg/mL levamisole) within 24 h (p < 0.05), reduced IC50 values to 0.11-0.49% and induced a considerable structural damage to L3s. Results of the combined treatment were validated by quantitative fluorometric microplate-based assays using Sytox green, propidium iodide and C12-resazurin, which successfully discriminated live/dead larvae. Only Sytox green staining achieved IC50 values comparable to that of the larval motility assay. The cytotoxicity of the combined coriander oil and linalool on Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells was evaluated using sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay and showed no significant cytotoxic effect at concentrations < 1%. These results indicate that testing essential oils and their main components may help to find new potential anthelmintic compounds, while at the same time reducing the reliance on synthetic anthelmintics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Helal
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK;
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Abdel-Gawad
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; (A.M.A.-G.); (M.M.E.K.)
| | - Omnia M. Kandil
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Marwa M. E. Khalifa
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; (A.M.A.-G.); (M.M.E.K.)
| | - Gareth W. V. Cave
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
| | - Alison A. Morrison
- Disease Control, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Edinburgh, UK; (A.A.M.); (D.J.B.)
| | - David J. Bartley
- Disease Control, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Edinburgh, UK; (A.A.M.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Hany M. Elsheikha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK;
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Ahmed SB, Hamed MS, Khiralla GM, Mohamed AF. Cactus and lupin extracts as prospective anticancer agents compared with utoral drug. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13299. [PMID: 32488919 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The ethanolic extracts of many plants have been used in alternative medicine. The present study aimed at evaluating the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and anticancer potential of cactus and lupin ethanolic extracts compared to utoral drug (UT) on the colon Caco-2 cancer cell line. Bioactive components, cytotoxicity of Caco-2 cell cycle, and gene regulation of apoptosis genes were studied by HPLC, flow cytometer, and RT-PCR, respectively. Lupin extract (LE) contained high bioactive components and antioxidant potential. The predominant phenol, flavonoid, and sterol in LE were rosmarinic acid (2,004.8 μg/ml), quercetin (9,912 µg/g), and ergosterol (2.77 µg/g). LE and its mixture with utoral showed high cytotoxicity and effective potential in regulation of gene expression of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic genes in Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, LE and cactus extract (CE) could be considered as natural preparations with high anticancer properties against Caco-2 cells. LE had the highest anticancer potential among the tested preparations. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The study demonstrated that lupine and cactus extracts have high potential as anticancer substances. These natural extracts can be used to prepare therapeutic mixtures or foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar B Ahmed
- Division of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona S Hamed
- Division of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Khiralla
- Division of Food Evaluation and Food Science, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Aly Fahmy Mohamed
- The Holding Company for the Production of Vaccines, Sera and Drugs (VACSERA-Egy Vac), Giza, Egypt
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Liu M, Panda SK, Luyten W. Plant-Based Natural Products for the Discovery and Development of Novel Anthelmintics against Nematodes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030426. [PMID: 32182910 PMCID: PMC7175113 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal parasitic nematodes infect approximately two billion people worldwide. In the absence of vaccines for human intestinal nematodes, control of infections currently relies mainly on chemotherapy, but resistance is an increasing problem. Thus, there is an urgent need for the discovery and development of new anthelmintic drugs, especially ones with novel mechanisms of action. Medicinal plants hold great promise as a source of effective treatments, including anthelmintic therapy. They have been used traditionally for centuries and are mostly safe (if not, their toxicity is well-known). However, in most medicinal plants the compounds active against nematodes have not been identified thus far. The free-living nematode C. elegans was demonstrated to be an excellent model system for the discovery of new anthelmintics and for characterizing their mechanism of action or resistance. The compounds discussed in this review are of botanical origin and were published since 2002. Most of them need further studies of their toxicity, mechanisms and structure-activity relationship to assess more fully their potential as drugs.
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Mravčáková D, Váradyová Z, Kopčáková A, Čobanová K, Grešáková Ľ, Kišidayová S, Babják M, Dolinská MU, Dvorožňáková E, Königová A, Vadlejch J, Cieslak A, Ślusarczyk S, Várady M. Natural chemotherapeutic alternatives for controlling of haemonchosis in sheep. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:302. [PMID: 31429752 PMCID: PMC6700814 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parallel in vitro and in vivo experiments were designed to evaluate promising chemotherapeutic alternatives for controlling haemonchosis in ruminants. In vitro anthelmintic activities (egg hatch test - EHT; larval development test - LDT) of aqueous and methanolic herbal extracts Mix1 and Mix2 were investigated. The in vivo effects of dietary supplementation with Mix1 and Mix2 on the parasitological status, inflammatory response, antioxidant parameters and microbial community of the lambs infected experimentally with Haemonchus contortus were investigated. Lambs were divided into four groups for the in vivo study: uninfected control lambs (C), infected lambs (I), infected lambs supplemented with Mix1 (I + Mix1) and infected lambs supplemented with Mix2 (I + Mix2). The experimental period was 70 days. RESULTS The number of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces was quantified 22, 30, 37, 44, 51, 58, 65 and 70 days post-infection, and mean abomasal worm counts were assessed 70 days post-infection. Quantitative analyses identified 57.3 and 22.2 mg/g phenolic acids, 41.5 and 29.5 mg/g flavonoids and 1.4 and 1.33 mg/g protoberberine-type alkaloids in Mix1 and Mix2, respectively. The methanolic extracts of the herbal mixtures in both in vitro tests had higher anthelmintic effects (P < 0.01) than the aqueous extracts, but the effects did not differ significantly between Mix1 and Mix2 (P > 0.05). I + Mix1 and I + Mix2 lowered mean EPGs between 44 and 70 d by 58.1 and 51.6%, respectively. The level of IgG antibodies against H. contortus increased significantly after infection in each infected group. CONCLUSION These results represent the first monitoring of the in vitro anthelmintic effects of herbal mixtures on H. contortus. The in vivo experiment indicated that the anthelmintic effect was not sufficient for the elimination of parasites, but this herbal treatment may affect the host over a longer term, reducing the parasitic infection in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Mravčáková
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zora Váradyová
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Anna Kopčáková
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Klaudia Čobanová
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubomíra Grešáková
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Svetlana Kišidayová
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Babják
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Michaela Urda Dolinská
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Emília Dvorožňáková
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Alžbeta Königová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaroslav Vadlejch
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Suchdol, Prague Czech Republic
| | - Adam Cieslak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sylwester Ślusarczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology with Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marián Várady
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
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