1
|
Lee JS, Ahn J, Han J. Enhancing effect on postharvest quality of potatoes through combined treatment of edible coating with UV-C irradiation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1393-1405. [PMID: 38585569 PMCID: PMC10992078 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Various edible polymers [sodium alginate, carboxyl methylcellulose, sodium oleate, liquid paraffin, pectin, pullulan, polyvinyl acetate, and shellac (SHE)] as potato-coating materials and their effect on extending the shelf life of potatoes when combined with an edible coating and UV-C irradiation treatments were evaluated. As a result of the characterization of the edible polymers, SHE was selected as the optimal coating material because it had the best moisture and light barrier properties. SHE coating successfully prevented the greening, respiration, and sprouting of potatoes caused by exposure to light and oxygen. Additionally, it reduced weight loss by inhibiting transpiration on the potato surface. While the SHE coating did not exhibit antimicrobial effects, a significant effect was observed when combined with UV-C irradiation. This study suggests the potential of combined treatment of SHE coating and UV-C irradiation in extending the postharvest quality of potatoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Soo Lee
- Institute of Control Agents for Microorganisms, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Ahn
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejoon Han
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Villarino G, Dahlberg-Wright S, Zhang L, Schaedel M, Wang L, Miller K, Bartlett J, Vu AMD, Busch W. PAT (Periderm Assessment Toolkit): A Quantitative and Large-Scale Screening Method for Periderm Measurements. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 6:0156. [PMID: 38560381 PMCID: PMC10981931 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The periderm is a vital protective tissue found in the roots, stems, and woody elements of diverse plant species. It plays an important function in these plants by assuming the role of the epidermis as the outermost layer. Despite its critical role for protecting plants from environmental stresses and pathogens, research on root periderm development has been limited due to its late formation during root development, its presence only in mature root regions, and its impermeability. One of the most straightforward measurements for comparing periderm formation between different genotypes and treatments is periderm (phellem) length. We have developed PAT (Periderm Assessment Toolkit), a high-throughput user-friendly pipeline that integrates an efficient staining protocol, automated imaging, and a deep-learning-based image analysis approach to accurately detect and measure periderm length in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. The reliability and reproducibility of our method was evaluated using a diverse set of 20 Arabidopsis natural accessions. Our automated measurements exhibited a strong correlation with human-expert-generated measurements, achieving a 94% efficiency in periderm length quantification. This robust PAT pipeline streamlines large-scale periderm measurements, thereby being able to facilitate comprehensive genetic studies and screens. Although PAT proves highly effective with automated digital microscopes in Arabidopsis roots, its application may pose challenges with nonautomated microscopy. Although the workflow and principles could be adapted for other plant species, additional optimization would be necessary. While we show that periderm length can be used to distinguish a mutant impaired in periderm development from wild type, we also find it is a plastic trait. Therefore, care must be taken to include sufficient repeats and controls, to minimize variation, and to ensure comparability of periderm length measurements between different genotypes and growth conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Villarino
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory,
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Signe Dahlberg-Wright
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory,
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory,
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marianne Schaedel
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory,
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory,
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karyssa Miller
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory,
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jack Bartlett
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory,
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Albert Martin Dang Vu
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory,
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory,
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang M, Jian H, Shang L, Wang K, Wen S, Li Z, Liu R, Jia L, Huang Z, Lyu D. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Novel Genes Potentially Involved in Tuberization in Potato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:795. [PMID: 38592791 PMCID: PMC10975680 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The formation and development of tubers, the primary edible and economic organ of potatoes, directly affect their yield and quality. The regulatory network and mechanism of tuberization have been preliminarily revealed in recent years, but plenty of relevant genes remain to be discovered. A few candidate genes were provided due to the simplicity of sampling and result analysis of previous transcriptomes related to tuberization. We sequenced and thoroughly analyzed the transcriptomes of thirteen tissues from potato plants at the tuber proliferation phase to provide more reference information and gene resources. Among them, eight tissues were stolons and tubers at different developmental stages, which we focused on. Five critical periods of tuberization were selected to perform an analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), according to the results of the tissue correlation. Compared with the unswollen stolons (Sto), 2751, 4897, 6635, and 9700 DEGs were detected in the slightly swollen stolons (Sto1), swollen stolons (Sto2), tubers of proliferation stage 1 (Tu1), and tubers of proliferation stage 4 (Tu4). A total of 854 transcription factors and 164 hormone pathway genes were identified in the DEGs. Furthermore, three co-expression networks associated with Sto-Sto1, Sto2-Tu1, and tubers of proliferation stages two to five (Tu2-Tu5) were built using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Thirty hub genes (HGs) and 30 hub transcription factors (HTFs) were screened and focalized in these networks. We found that five HGs were reported to regulate tuberization, and most of the remaining HGs and HTFs co-expressed with them. The orthologs of these HGs and HTFs were reported to regulate processes (e.g., flowering, cell division, hormone synthesis, metabolism and signal transduction, sucrose transport, and starch synthesis) that were also required for tuberization. Such results further support their potential to control tuberization. Our study provides insights and countless candidate genes of the regulatory network of tuberization, laying the foundation for further elucidating the genetic basis of tuber development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongju Jian
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lina Shang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shiqi Wen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lijun Jia
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhenlin Huang
- Chongqing Agricultural Technical Extension Station, Chongqing 401121, China;
| | - Dianqiu Lyu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu S, Cai C, Li L, Yu L, Wang Q, Wang X. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanisms of BR Negative Regulatory Factor StBIN2 Maintaining Tuber Dormancy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2244. [PMID: 38396922 PMCID: PMC10889842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Potato is an important food crop. After harvest, these tubers will undergo a period of dormancy. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a new class of plant hormones that regulate plant growth and seed germination. In this study, 500 nM of BR was able to break the dormancy of tubers. Additionally, exogenous BR also upregulated BR signal transduction genes, except for StBIN2. StBIN2 is a negative regulator of BR, but its specific role in tuber dormancy remains unclear. Transgenic methods were used to regulate the expression level of StBIN2 in tubers. It was demonstrated that the overexpression of StBIN2 significantly prolonged tuber dormancy while silencing StBIN2 led to premature sprouting. To further investigate the effect of StBIN2 on tuber dormancy, RNA-Seq was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes in OE-StBIN2, RNAi-StBIN2, and WT tubers. The results showed that StBIN2 upregulated the expression of ABA signal transduction genes but inhibited the expression of lignin synthesis key genes. Meanwhile, it was also found that StBIN2 physically interacted with StSnRK2.2 and StCCJ9. These results indicate that StBIN2 maintains tuber dormancy by mediating ABA signal transduction and lignin synthesis. The findings of this study will help us better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying potato tuber dormancy and provide theoretical support for the development of new varieties using related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (C.C.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (Q.W.)
- Potato Research and Development Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengcheng Cai
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (C.C.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (Q.W.)
- Potato Research and Development Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liqin Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (C.C.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (Q.W.)
- Potato Research and Development Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liping Yu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (C.C.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (Q.W.)
- Potato Research and Development Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (C.C.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (Q.W.)
- Potato Research and Development Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiyao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (C.C.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (Q.W.)
- Potato Research and Development Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Valencia-Lozano E, Herrera-Isidrón L, Flores-López JA, Recoder-Meléndez OS, Uribe-López B, Barraza A, Cabrera-Ponce JL. Exploring the Potential Role of Ribosomal Proteins to Enhance Potato Resilience in the Face of Changing Climatic Conditions. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1463. [PMID: 37510367 PMCID: PMC10379993 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Potatoes have emerged as a key non-grain crop for food security worldwide. However, the looming threat of climate change poses significant risks to this vital food source, particularly through the projected reduction in crop yields under warmer temperatures. To mitigate potential crises, the development of potato varieties through genome editing holds great promise. In this study, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis to investigate microtuber development and identified several differentially expressed genes, with a particular focus on ribosomal proteins-RPL11, RPL29, RPL40 and RPL17. Our results reveal, by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses, performed with the highest confidence in the STRING database platform (v11.5), the critical involvement of these ribosomal proteins in microtuber development, and highlighted their interaction with PEBP family members as potential microtuber activators. The elucidation of the molecular biological mechanisms governing ribosomal proteins will help improve the resilience of potato crops in the face of today's changing climatic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Valencia-Lozano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Lisset Herrera-Isidrón
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato (UPIIG), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200, Puerto Interior, Silao de la Victoria 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Jorge Abraham Flores-López
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato (UPIIG), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200, Puerto Interior, Silao de la Victoria 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Osiel Salvador Recoder-Meléndez
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato (UPIIG), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200, Puerto Interior, Silao de la Victoria 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Braulio Uribe-López
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato (UPIIG), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200, Puerto Interior, Silao de la Victoria 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Aarón Barraza
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noreste, SC., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz CP 23096, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - José Luis Cabrera-Ponce
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumar P, Kaplan Y, Endelman JB, Ginzberg I. Epigenetic Modifications Related to Potato Skin Russeting. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2057. [PMID: 37653974 PMCID: PMC10222780 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Potato tuber skin is a protective corky tissue consisting of suberized phellem cells. Smooth-skinned varieties are characterized by a clean, shiny appearance compared to the darker hue of russeted potatoes. The rough skin of russeted cultivars is a desired, genetically inherited characteristic; however, unwanted russeting of smooth-skinned cultivars often occurs under suboptimal growth conditions. The involvement of epigenetic modifiers in regulating the smooth skin russeting disorder was tested. We used smooth-skin commercial cultivars with and without the russeting disorder and three lines from a breeding population segregating for russeting. Anatomically, the russet skin showed similar characteristics, whether the cause was environmentally triggered or genetically determined. The old outer layers of the corky phellem remain attached to the newly formed phellem layers instead of being sloughed off. Global DNA methylation analysis indicated a significant reduction in the percentage of 5-methylcytosine in mature vs. immature skin and russet vs. smooth skin. This was true for both the smooth-skin commercial cultivars and the russeted lines. The expression level of selected DNA methyltransferases was reduced in accordance. DNA demethylase expression did not change between the skin types and age. Hence, the reduced DNA methylation in mature and russet skin is more likely to be achieved through passive DNA demethylation and loss of methyltransferase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, 68 HaMacabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (P.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yulia Kaplan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, 68 HaMacabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (P.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jeffrey B. Endelman
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Idit Ginzberg
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, 68 HaMacabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (P.K.); (Y.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shtein I, Gričar J, Lev-Yadun S, Oskolski A, Pace MR, Rosell JA, Crivellaro A. Priorities for Bark Anatomical Research: Study Venues and Open Questions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1985. [PMID: 37653902 PMCID: PMC10221070 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The bark fulfils several essential functions in vascular plants and yields a wealth of raw materials, but the understanding of bark structure and function strongly lags behind our knowledge with respect to other plant tissues. The recent technological advances in sampling and preparation of barks for anatomical studies, along with the establishment of an agreed bark terminology, paved the way for more bark anatomical research. Whilst datasets reveal bark's taxonomic and functional diversity in various ecosystems, a better understanding of the bark can advance the understanding of plants' physiological and environmental challenges and solutions. We propose a set of priorities for understanding and further developing bark anatomical studies, including periderm structure in woody plants, phloem phenology, methods in bark anatomy research, bark functional ecology, relationships between bark macroscopic appearance, and its microscopic structure and discuss how to achieve these ambitious goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Shtein
- Department of Molecular Biology, Milken Campus, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Eastern R&D Center, Milken Campus, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Jožica Gričar
- Department of Forest Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simcha Lev-Yadun
- Department of Biology & Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa-Oranim, Tivon 36006, Israel
| | - Alexei Oskolski
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Prof. Popov Str. 2, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marcelo R. Pace
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Julieta A. Rosell
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Alan Crivellaro
- Forest Biometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, “Stefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Str. Universitatii 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang M, Shinners-Carnelley T, Gibson D, Jones D, Joshi J, Wang-Pruski G. Irrigation Effect on Yield, Skin Blemishes, Phellem Formation, and Total Phenolics of Red Potatoes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3523. [PMID: 36559635 PMCID: PMC9786858 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dark Red Norland is an important potato cultivar in the fresh market due to its attractive bright, red colour, and good yield. However, skin blemishes such as silver patch, surface cracking, and russeting can negatively influence the tuber skin quality and marketability. It is well known that potato is a drought-sensitive plant. This study was conducted to determine whether irrigation would affect Dark Red Norland's yield and skin quality. A three-year field trial was conducted by Peak of the Market in Manitoba, Canada. Plants were treated under both irrigation and rainfed conditions. The results show that irrigation increased the total yield by 20.6% and reduced the severity of surface cracking by 48.5%. Microscopy imaging analysis demonstrated that tubers from the rainfed trials formed higher numbers of suberized cell layers than those of the irrigated potatoes, with a difference of 0.360 to 0.652 layers in normal skins. Surface cracking and silver patch skins had more suberized cell layers than the normal skins, with ranges of 7.805 to 8.333 and 7.740 to 8.496, respectively. A significantly higher amount of total polyphenols was found in the irrigated samples with a mean of 77.30 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g fresh weight (fw) than that of the rainfed samples (69.80 mg GAE/100 g fw). The outcome of this study provides a better understanding of the water regime effect causing these skin blemishes, which could potentially be used to establish strategies to improve tuber skin quality and minimize market losses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manlin Jiang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | | | - Darin Gibson
- Gaia Consulting Ltd., Newton, MB R0H 0X0, Canada
| | - Debbie Jones
- Gaia Consulting Ltd., Newton, MB R0H 0X0, Canada
| | - Jyoti Joshi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Gefu Wang-Pruski
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Valencia-Lozano E, Herrera-Isidrón L, Flores-López JA, Recoder-Meléndez OS, Barraza A, Cabrera-Ponce JL. Solanum tuberosum Microtuber Development under Darkness Unveiled through RNAseq Transcriptomic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213835. [PMID: 36430314 PMCID: PMC9696990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato microtuber (MT) development through in vitro techniques are ideal propagules for producing high quality potato plants. MT formation is influenced by several factors, i.e., photoperiod, sucrose, hormones, and osmotic stress. We have previously developed a protocol of MT induction in medium with sucrose (8% w/v), gelrite (6g/L), and 2iP as cytokinin under darkness. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved, we performed a transcriptome-wide analysis. Here we show that 1715 up- and 1624 down-regulated genes were involved in this biological process. Through the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses performed in the STRING database (v11.5), we found 299 genes tightly associated in 14 clusters. Two major clusters of up-regulated proteins fundamental for life growth and development were found: 29 ribosomal proteins (RPs) interacting with 6 PEBP family members and 117 cell cycle (CC) proteins. The PPI network of up-regulated transcription factors (TFs) revealed that at least six TFs-MYB43, TSF, bZIP27, bZIP43, HAT4 and WOX9-may be involved during MTs development. The PPI network of down-regulated genes revealed a cluster of 83 proteins involved in light and photosynthesis, 110 in response to hormone, 74 in hormone mediate signaling pathway and 22 related to aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Valencia-Lozano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Lisset Herrera-Isidrón
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato (UPIIG), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200, Puerto Interior, Silao de la Victoria 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Jorge Abraham Flores-López
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato (UPIIG), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200, Puerto Interior, Silao de la Victoria 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Osiel Salvador Recoder-Meléndez
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato (UPIIG), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200, Puerto Interior, Silao de la Victoria 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Aarón Barraza
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noreste, SC. IPN 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - José Luis Cabrera-Ponce
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-462-6239600 (ext. 9421)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Teixeira RT. Cork Development: What Lies Within. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2671. [PMID: 36297695 PMCID: PMC9611905 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The cork layer present in all dicotyledonous plant species with radial growth is the result of the phellogen activity, a secondary meristem that produces phellem (cork) to the outside and phelloderm inwards. These three different tissues form the periderm, an efficient protective tissue working as a barrier against external factors such as environmental aggressions and pathogen attacks. The protective function offered by cork cells is mainly due to the abundance of suberin in their cell walls. Chemically, suberin is a complex aliphatic network of long chain fatty acids and alcohols with glycerol together with aromatic units. In most woody species growing in temperate climates, the first periderm is replaced by a new functional periderm upon a few years after being formed. One exception to this bark development can be found in cork oak (Quercus suber) which display a single periderm that grows continuously. Quercus suber stands by its thick cork layer development with continuous seasonal growth. Cork raw material has been exploited by man for centuries, especially in Portugal and Spain. Nowadays, its applications have widened vastly, from the most known product, stoppers, to purses or insulating materials used in so many industries, such as construction and car production. Research on how cork develops, and the effect environmental factors on cork oak trees is extremely important to maintain production of good-quality cork, and, by maintaining cork oak stands wealthy, we are preserving a very important ecosystem both by its biodiversity and its vital social and economic role in areas already showing a population declination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Teresa Teixeira
- BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Caraza-Harter MV, Endelman JB. The genetic architectures of vine and skin maturity in tetraploid potato. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:2943-2951. [PMID: 35804168 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The genetic architectures of potato vine and skin maturity, as well as the correlation between the traits, were investigated using multiple techniques from quantitative genetics and genomics. Potato vine and skin maturity, which refer to foliar senescence and adherence of the tuber periderm, respectively, are both important to production and therefore breeding. Our objective was to investigate the genetic architectures of these traits in a genome-wide association panel of 586 genotypes, and through joint linkage mapping in a half-diallel subset (N = 397). Skin maturity was measured by image analysis after mechanized harvest 120 days after planting. To correct for the influence of vine maturity on skin maturity under these conditions, the former was used as a covariate in the analysis. The genomic heritability based on a 10 K SNP array was 0.33 for skin maturity vs. 0.46 for vine maturity. Only minor QTLs were detected for skin maturity, the largest being on chromosome 9 and explaining 8% of the variation. As in many previous studies, S. tuberosum Cycling DOF Factor 1 (CDF1) had a large influence on vine maturity, explaining 33% of the variation in the panel as a bi-allelic SNP and 44% in the half-diallel as a multi-allelic QTL. From the estimated effects of the parental haplotypes in the half-diallel and prior knowledge of the allelic series for CDF1, the CDF1 allele for each haplotype was predicted and ultimately confirmed through whole-genome sequencing. The ability to connect statistical alleles from QTL models with biological alleles based on DNA sequencing represents a new milestone in genomics-assisted breeding for tetraploid species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Caraza-Harter
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Endelman
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kumar P, Ginzberg I. Potato Periderm Development and Tuber Skin Quality. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162099. [PMID: 36015402 PMCID: PMC9415511 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The periderm is a corky tissue that replaces the epidermis when the latter is damaged, and is critical for preventing pathogen invasion and water loss. The periderm is formed through the meristematic activity of phellogen cells (cork cambium). The potato skin (phellem cells) composes the outer layers of the tuber periderm and is a model for studying cork development. Early in tuber development and following tuber expansion, the phellogen becomes active and produces the skin. New skin layers are continuously added by division of the phellogen cells until tuber maturation. Some physiological disorders of the potato tuber are related to abnormal development of the skin, including skinning injuries and russeting of smooth-skinned potatoes. Thus, characterizing the potato periderm contributes to modeling cork development in plants and helps to resolve critical agricultural problems. Here, we summarize the data available on potato periderm formation, highlighting tissue characteristics rather than the suberization processes.
Collapse
|
13
|
Serra O, Mähönen AP, Hetherington AJ, Ragni L. The Making of Plant Armor: The Periderm. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:405-432. [PMID: 34985930 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-102720-031405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The periderm acts as armor protecting the plant's inner tissues from biotic and abiotic stress. It forms during the radial thickening of plant organs such as stems and roots and replaces the function of primary protective tissues such as the epidermis and the endodermis. A wound periderm also forms to heal and protect injured tissues. The periderm comprises a meristematic tissue called the phellogen, or cork cambium, and its derivatives: the lignosuberized phellem and the phelloderm. Research on the periderm has mainly focused on the chemical composition of the phellem due to its relevance as a raw material for industrial processes. Today, there is increasing interest in the regulatory network underlying periderm development as a novel breeding trait to improve plant resilience and to sequester CO2. Here, we discuss our current understanding of periderm formation, focusing on aspects of periderm evolution, mechanisms of periderm ontogenesis, regulatory networks underlying phellogen initiation and cork differentiation, and future challenges of periderm research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Serra
- University of Girona, Department of Biology, Girona, Spain;
| | - Ari Pekka Mähönen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Laura Ragni
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Leal AR, Barros PM, Parizot B, Sapeta H, Vangheluwe N, Andersen TG, Beeckman T, Oliveira MM. Translational profile of developing phellem cells in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:899-915. [PMID: 35106861 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The phellem is a specialized boundary tissue providing the first line of defense against abiotic and biotic stresses in organs undergoing secondary growth. Phellem cells undergo several differentiation steps, which include cell wall suberization, cell expansion, and programmed cell death. Yet, the molecular players acting particularly in phellem cell differentiation remain poorly described, particularly in the widely used model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Using specific marker lines we followed the onset and progression of phellem differentiation in A. thaliana roots and further targeted the translatome of newly developed phellem cells using translating ribosome affinity purification followed by mRNA sequencing (TRAP-SEQ). We showed that phellem suberization is initiated early after phellogen (cork cambium) division. The specific translational landscape was organized in three main domains related to energy production, synthesis and transport of cell wall components, and response to stimulus. Novel players in phellem differentiation related to suberin monomer transport and assembly as well as novel transcription regulators were identified. This strategy provided an unprecedented resolution of the translatome of developing phellem cells, giving a detailed and specific view on the molecular mechanisms acting on cell differentiation in periderm tissues of the model plant Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Leal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), GPlantS, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pedro Miguel Barros
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), GPlantS, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Boris Parizot
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Helena Sapeta
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), GPlantS, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nick Vangheluwe
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tonni Grube Andersen
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Margarida Oliveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), GPlantS, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Y, Dai M, Wu X, Zhang S, Shi Z, Cai D, Miao L. An ARF1-binding factor triggering programmed cell death and periderm development in pear russet fruit skin. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab061. [PMID: 35043172 PMCID: PMC8947239 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants have a cuticular membrane (CM) and periderm membrane (PM), which act as barriers to terrestrial stresses. The CM covers primary organs with a continuous hydrophobic layer of waxes embedded in cutin, while the PM stacks with suberized cells outermost to the secondary tissues. The formation of native periderm is regulated by a postembryonic meristem phellogen that produces suberized phellem (cork) outwardly. However, the mechanism controlling phellogen differentiation to phellem remains to be clarified. Here, map-based cloning in a pear F1 population with segregation for periderm development in fruit skin facilitated the identification of an aspartic acid repeat deletion in Pyrus Periderm Programmed Cell Death 1.1 (PyPPCD1.1) that triggers phellogen activity for cork formation in pear russet fruit skin. PyPPCD1.1 showed preferential expression in pear fruit skin, and the encoded protein shares a structural similarity to that of the viral capsid proteins. Asp deletion in PyPPCD1.1 weakened its nuclear localization but increased its accumulation in the chloroplast. Both PyPPCD1.1 and its recessive allele directly interact with ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1). PyPPCD1.1 triggered PCD in an ARF1-dependent manner. Thus, this study identified the switch gene for PCD and periderm development and provided a new molecular regulatory mechanism underlying the development of this trait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhi Wang
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shiqiao Road No. 139, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310021, China
| | - Meisong Dai
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shiqiao Road No. 139, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310021, China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- Institute of Vegetable, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Desheng Middle Road No. 298, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310021, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shiqiao Road No. 139, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310021, China
| | - Zebin Shi
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shiqiao Road No. 139, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310021, China
| | - Danying Cai
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shiqiao Road No. 139, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310021, China
| | - Lixiang Miao
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shiqiao Road No. 139, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310021, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Inácio V, Santos R, Prazeres R, Graça J, Miguel CM, Morais-Cecílio L. Epigenetics at the crossroads of secondary growth regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:970342. [PMID: 35991449 PMCID: PMC9389228 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.970342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of plant tissues and organs during post-embryonic growth occurs through the activity of both primary and secondary meristems. While primary meristems (root and shoot apical meristems) promote axial plant growth, secondary meristems (vascular and cork cambium or phellogen) promote radial thickening and plant axes strengthening. The vascular cambium forms the secondary xylem and phloem, whereas the cork cambium gives rise to the periderm that envelops stems and roots. Periderm takes on an increasingly important role in plant survival under climate change scenarios, but it is also a forest product with unique features, constituting the basis of a sustainable and profitable cork industry. There is established evidence that epigenetic mechanisms involving histone post-translational modifications, DNA methylation, and small RNAs play important roles in the activity of primary meristem cells, their maintenance, and differentiation of progeny cells. Here, we review the current knowledge on the epigenetic regulation of secondary meristems, particularly focusing on the phellogen activity. We also discuss the possible involvement of DNA methylation in the regulation of periderm contrasting phenotypes, given the potential impact of translating this knowledge into innovative breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Inácio
- BioISI – Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Vera Inácio,
| | - Raquel Santos
- BioISI – Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rafael Prazeres
- BioISI – Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Graça
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), Institute of Agronomy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Célia M. Miguel
- BioISI – Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonor Morais-Cecílio
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Institute of Agronomy, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brukental H, Doron-Faigenboim A, Bar-Ya’akov I, Harel-Beja R, Attia Z, Azoulay-Shemer T, Holland D. Revealing the Genetic Components Responsible for the Unique Photosynthetic Stem Capability of the Wild Almond Prunus arabica (Olivier) Meikle. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:779970. [PMID: 34899807 PMCID: PMC8657148 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.779970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb] is a major deciduous fruit tree crop worldwide. During dormancy, under warmer temperatures and inadequate chilling hours, the plant metabolic activity increases and may lead to carbohydrate deficiency. Prunus arabica (Olivier) Meikle is a bushy wild almond species known for its green, unbarked stem, which stays green even during the dormancy period. Our study revealed that P. arabica green stems assimilate significantly high rates of CO2 during the winter as compared to P. dulcis cv. Um el Fahem (U.E.F.) and may improve carbohydrate status throughout dormancy. To uncover the genetic inheritance and mechanism behind the P. arabica stem photosynthetic capability (SPC), a segregated F1 population was generated by crossing P. arabica to U.E.F. Both parent's whole genome was sequenced, and SNP calling identified 4,887 informative SNPs for genotyping. A robust genetic map for U.E.F. and P. arabica was constructed (971 and 571 markers, respectively). QTL mapping and association study for the SPC phenotype revealed major QTL [log of odd (LOD) = 20.8] on chromosome 7 and another minor but significant QTL on chromosome 1 (LOD = 3.9). As expected, the P. arabica allele in the current loci significantly increased the SPC phenotype. Finally, a list of 64 candidate genes was generated. This work sets the stage for future research to investigate the mechanism regulating the SPC trait, how it affects the tree's physiology, and its importance for breeding new cultivars better adapted to high winter temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hillel Brukental
- Unit of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Irit Bar-Ya’akov
- Unit of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Rotem Harel-Beja
- Unit of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Ziv Attia
- Unit of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Tamar Azoulay-Shemer
- Unit of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Doron Holland
- Unit of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xiao S, Li Z, Fantke P. Improved plant bioconcentration modeling of pesticides: The role of periderm dynamics. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5096-5108. [PMID: 34236751 PMCID: PMC8518939 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a continuous need to advance pesticide plant uptake models in support of improving pest control and reducing human exposure to pesticide residues. The periderm of harvested root and tuber crops may affect pesticide uptake, but is usually not considered in plant uptake models. To quantify the influence of the periderm on pesticide uptake from soil into potatoes, we propose a model that includes an explicit periderm compartment in the soil-plant mass balance for pesticides. RESULTS Our model shows that the potato periderm acts as an active barrier to the uptake of lipophilic pesticides with high KOW , while it lets more lipophobic pesticides accumulate in the medulla (pulp). We estimated bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for over 700 pesticides and proposed parameterizations for including the effects of the periderm into a full plant uptake modeling framework. A sensitivity analysis shows that both the degradation half-life inside the tuber and the lipophilicity drive the contributions of other aspects to the variability of BCFs, while highlighting distinct dynamics in the periderm and medulla compartments. Finally, we compare model estimates with measured data, showing that predictions agree with field observations for current-use pesticides and some legacy pesticides frequently found in potatoes. CONCLUSION Considering the periderm improves the accuracy of quantifying pesticide uptake and bioconcentration in potatoes as input for optimizing pest control and minimizing human exposure to pesticide residues in edible crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Xiao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Technology, Management and EconomicsTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Inácio V, Lobato C, Graça J, Morais-Cecílio L. Cork cells in cork oak periderms undergo programmed cell death and proanthocyanidin deposition. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1701-1713. [PMID: 33611604 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vascular plants with secondary growth develop a periderm mostly composed of dead suberized cork cells to face environmental hostile conditions. Cork oak has a highly active and long-living phellogen forming a remarkably thick periderm that is periodically debarked for industrial purposes. This wounding originates the quick formation of a new traumatic periderm, making cork oak an exceptional model to study the first periderm differentiation during normal development in young sprigs and traumatic (wound) periderm formation after debarking. Here, we studied the poorly known first periderm differentiation steps that involve cell wall suberization, polyphenolic accumulation and programmed cell death (PCD) by combining transmission electron microscopy, histochemical and molecular methods in periderms from young sprigs. These processes were further compared with traumatic periderms formed after wounding using molecular and histochemical techniques, such as the polyphenolic accumulation. In the first periderms from young sprigs, four distinct differentiation stages were defined according to the presence of PCD morphological features. First young and traumatic periderms showed an upregulation of genes related to suberin biosynthesis, proanthocyanidins biosynthesis and transport, autophagy, and PCD. Traumatic periderms revealed an overall upregulation of these genes, likely resulting from ontogeny differences and distinct phellogen origin associated with a faster metabolism, highlighting the impact of wounding on phellogen activity after debarking. First periderms from young sprigs showed gradual accumulation of proanthocyanidins in the vacuoles throughout PCD stages until total filled lumens, whereas in traumatic periderms, these compounds were found cell wall linked in already empty cells. This work enabled a comprehensive overview of the cork cells differentiation processes contributing to deepening the knowledge of the fundamental ontogenic program of this protective tissue, which is also a unique forest product, constituting the basis of a sustainable and profitable industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Inácio
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carolina Lobato
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology (UBT), Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - José Graça
- Forest Research Center (CEF), Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Leonor Morais-Cecílio
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Boher P, Soler M, Fernández-Piñán S, Torrent X, Müller SY, Kelly KA, Serra O, Figueras M. Silencing of StRIK in potato suggests a role in periderm related to RNA processing and stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:409. [PMID: 34493224 PMCID: PMC8424952 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The periderm is a protective barrier crucial for land plant survival, but little is known about genetic factors involved in its development and regulation. Using a transcriptomic approach in the cork oak (Q. suber) periderm, we previously identified an RS2-INTERACTING KH PROTEIN (RIK) homologue of unknown function containing a K homology (KH)-domain RNA-binding protein, as a regulatory candidate gene in the periderm. RESULTS To gain insight into the function of RIK in the periderm, potato (S. tuberosum) tuber periderm was used as a model: the full-length coding sequence of RIK, hereafter referred to as StRIK, was isolated, the transcript profile analyzed and gene silencing in potato performed to analyze the silencing effects on periderm anatomy and transcriptome. The StRIK transcript accumulated in all vegetative tissues studied, including periderm and other suberized tissues such as root and also in wounded tissues. Downregulation of StRIK in potato by RNA interference (StRIK-RNAi) did not show any obvious effects on tuber periderm anatomy but, unlike Wild type, transgenic plants flowered. Global transcript profiling of the StRIK-RNAi periderm did show altered expression of genes associated with RNA metabolism, stress and signaling, mirroring the biological processes found enriched within the in silico co-expression network of the Arabidopsis orthologue. CONCLUSIONS The ubiquitous expression of StRIK transcript, the flower associated phenotype and the differential expression of StRIK-RNAi periderm point out to a general regulatory role of StRIK in diverse plant developmental processes. The transcriptome analysis suggests that StRIK might play roles in RNA maturation and stress response in the periderm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pau Boher
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Marçal Soler
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Sandra Fernández-Piñán
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Xènia Torrent
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Sebastian Y. Müller
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA UK
| | - Krystyna A. Kelly
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA UK
| | - Olga Serra
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Mercè Figueras
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zierer W, Rüscher D, Sonnewald U, Sonnewald S. Tuber and Tuberous Root Development. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 72:551-580. [PMID: 33788583 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-080720-084456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Root and tuber crops have been an important part of human nutrition since the early days of humanity, providing us with essential carbohydrates, proteins, and vitamins. Today, they are especially important in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, where they help to feed an ever-growing population. Early induction and storage organ size are important agricultural traits, as they determine yield over time. During potato tuberization, environmental and metabolic status are sensed, ensuring proper timing of tuberization mediated by phloem-mobile signals. Coordinated cellular restructuring and expansion growth, as well as controlled storage metabolism in the tuber, are executed. This review summarizes our current understanding of potato tuber development and highlights similarities and differences to important tuberous root crop species like sweetpotato and cassava. Finally, we point out knowledge gaps that need to be filled before a complete picture of storage organ development can emerge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Zierer
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; , , ,
| | - David Rüscher
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; , , ,
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; , , ,
| | - Sophia Sonnewald
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; , , ,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fernández-Piñán S, Boher P, Soler M, Figueras M, Serra O. Transcriptomic analysis of cork during seasonal growth highlights regulatory and developmental processes from phellogen to phellem formation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12053. [PMID: 34103550 PMCID: PMC8187341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The phellogen or cork cambium stem cells that divide periclinally and outwardly specify phellem or cork. Despite the vital importance of phellem in protecting the radially-growing plant organs and wounded tissues, practically only the suberin biosynthetic process has been studied molecularly so far. Since cork oak (Quercus suber) phellogen is seasonally activated and its proliferation and specification to phellem cells is a continuous developmental process, the differentially expressed genes during the cork seasonal growth served us to identify molecular processes embracing from phellogen to mature differentiated phellem cell. At the beginning of cork growth (April), cell cycle regulation, meristem proliferation and maintenance and processes triggering cell differentiation were upregulated, showing an enrichment of phellogenic cells from which phellem cells are specified. Instead, at maximum (June) and advanced (July) cork growth, metabolic processes paralleling the phellem cell chemical composition, such as the biosynthesis of suberin, lignin, triterpenes and soluble aromatic compounds, were upregulated. Particularly in July, polysaccharides- and lignin-related secondary cell wall processes presented a maximal expression, indicating a cell wall reinforcement in the later stages of cork formation, presumably related with the initiation of latecork development. The putative function of relevant genes identified are discussed in the context of phellem ontogeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fernández-Piñán
- grid.5319.e0000 0001 2179 7512Laboratori del Suro, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Pau Boher
- grid.5319.e0000 0001 2179 7512Laboratori del Suro, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marçal Soler
- grid.5319.e0000 0001 2179 7512Laboratori del Suro, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Mercè Figueras
- grid.5319.e0000 0001 2179 7512Laboratori del Suro, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Olga Serra
- grid.5319.e0000 0001 2179 7512Laboratori del Suro, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The Cysteine-Rich Peptide Snakin-2 Negatively Regulates Tubers Sprouting through Modulating Lignin Biosynthesis and H 2O 2 Accumulation in Potato. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052287. [PMID: 33669030 PMCID: PMC7956376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato tuber dormancy is critical for the post-harvest quality. Snakin/Gibberellic Acid Stimulated in Arabidopsis (GASA) family genes are involved in the plants’ defense against pathogens and in growth and development, but the effect of Snakin-2 (SN2) on tuber dormancy and sprouting is largely unknown. In this study, a transgenic approach was applied to manipulate the expression level of SN2 in tubers, and it demonstrated that StSN2 significantly controlled tuber sprouting, and silencing StSN2 resulted in a release of dormancy and overexpressing tubers showed a longer dormant period than that of the control. Further analyses revealed that the decrease expression level accelerated skin cracking and water loss. Metabolite analyses revealed that StSN2 significantly down-regulated the accumulation of lignin precursors in the periderm, and the change of lignin content was documented, a finding which was consistent with the precursors’ level. Subsequently, proteomics found that cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) and peroxidase (Prx), the key proteins for lignin synthesis, were significantly up-regulated in silencing lines, and gene expression and enzyme activity analyses also supported this effect. Interestingly, we found that StSN2 physically interacts with three peroxidases catalyzing the oxidation and polymerization of lignin. In addition, SN2 altered the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). These results suggest that StSN2 negatively regulates lignin biosynthesis and H2O2 accumulation, and ultimately inhibits the sprouting of potato tubers.
Collapse
|
24
|
Macnee NC, Rebstock R, Hallett IC, Schaffer RJ, Bulley SM. A review of current knowledge about the formation of native peridermal exocarp in fruit. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:1019-1031. [PMID: 32571472 DOI: 10.1071/fp19135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The outer skin layer in any plant is essential in offering a protective barrier against water loss and pathogen attack. Within fleshy fruit, the skin supports internal cell layers and can provide the initial cues in attracting seed-dispersing animals. The skin of a fruit, termed the exocarp, is a key element of consumer preference and a target for many breeding programs. Across fruiting species there is a huge diversity of exocarp types and these range from a simple single living cell layer (epidermis) often covered with a waxy layer, to complex multicellular suberised and dead cell layers (periderm), with various intermediate russet forms in between. Each exocarp can be interspersed with other structures such as hairs or spines. The epidermis has been well characterised and remains pluripotent with the help of the cells immediately under the epidermis. The periderm, in contrast, is the result of secondary meristematic activity, which replaces the epidermal layers, and is not well characterised in fruits. In this review we explore the structure, composition and mechanisms that control the development of a periderm type fruit exocarp. We draw upon literature from non-fleshy fruit species that form periderm tissue, from which a considerable amount of research has been undertaken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai C Macnee
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Road, Mount Albert, Auckland 1025, New Zealand; and School of Biological Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ria Rebstock
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Road, Mount Albert, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Ian C Hallett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Road, Mount Albert, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Robert J Schaffer
- School of Biological Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 55 Old Mill Road, RD3, Motueka 7198, New Zealand
| | - Sean M Bulley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 412 No. 1 Road, RD2, Te Puke 3182, New Zealand; and Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|