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Abalde SF, Rigby A, Keller PE, Novembre G. A Framework for Joint Music Making: Behavioral Findings, Neural Processes, and Computational Models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024:105816. [PMID: 39032841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Across different epochs and societies, humans occasionally gather to jointly make music. This universal form of collective behavior is as fascinating as it is fragmentedly understood. As the interest in joint music making (JMM) rapidly grows, we review the state-of-the-art of this emerging science, blending behavioral, neural, and computational contributions. We present a conceptual framework synthesizing research on JMM within four components. The framework is centered upon interpersonal coordination, a crucial requirement for JMM. The other components imply the influence of individuals' (past) experience, (current) social factors, and (future) goals on real-time coordination. Our aim is to promote the development of JMM research by organizing existing work, inspiring new questions, and fostering accessibility for researchers belonging to other research communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F Abalde
- Neuroscience of Perception and Action Lab, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy; The Open University Affiliated Research Centre at the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Italy.
| | - Alison Rigby
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, US
| | - Peter E Keller
- Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | - Giacomo Novembre
- Neuroscience of Perception and Action Lab, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy
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2
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Bigand F, Bianco R, Abalde SF, Novembre G. The geometry of interpersonal synchrony in human dance. Curr Biol 2024; 34:3011-3019.e4. [PMID: 38908371 PMCID: PMC11266842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Collective synchronized behavior has powerful social-communicative functions observed across several animal taxa.1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Operationally, synchronized behavior can be explained by individuals responding to shared external cues (e.g., light, sound, or food) as well as by inter-individual adaptation.3,8,9,10,11 We contrasted these accounts in the context of a universal human practice-collective dance-by recording full-body kinematics from dyads of laypersons freely dancing to music in a "silent disco" setting. We orthogonally manipulated musical input (whether participants were dancing to the same, synchronous music) and visual contact (whether participants could see their dancing partner). Using a data-driven method, we decomposed full-body kinematics of 70 participants into 15 principal movement patterns, reminiscent of common dance moves, explaining over 95% of kinematic variance. We find that both music and partners drive synchrony, but through distinct dance moves. This leads to distinct kinds of synchrony that occur in parallel by virtue of a geometric organization: anteroposterior movements such as head bobs synchronize through music, while hand gestures and full-body lateral movements synchronize through visual contact. One specific dance move-vertical bounce-emerged as a supramodal pacesetter of coordination, synchronizing through both music and visual contact, and at the pace of the musical beat. These findings reveal that synchrony in human dance is independently supported by shared musical input and inter-individual adaptation. The independence between these drivers of synchrony hinges on a geometric organization, enabling dancers to synchronize to music and partners simultaneously by allocating distinct synchronies to distinct spatial axes and body parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Bigand
- Neuroscience of Perception & Action Lab, Italian Institute of Technology, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberta Bianco
- Neuroscience of Perception & Action Lab, Italian Institute of Technology, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara F Abalde
- Neuroscience of Perception & Action Lab, Italian Institute of Technology, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; The Open University Affiliated Research Centre, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Novembre
- Neuroscience of Perception & Action Lab, Italian Institute of Technology, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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3
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Curzel F, Osiurak F, Trân E, Tillmann B, Ripollés P, Ferreri L. Enhancing musical pleasure through shared musical experience. iScience 2024; 27:109964. [PMID: 38832017 PMCID: PMC11145343 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Music and social interactions represent two of the most important sources of pleasure in our lives, both engaging the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. However, there is limited understanding regarding whether and how sharing a musical activity in a social context influences and modifies individuals' rewarding experiences. Here, we aimed at (1) modulating the pleasure derived from music under different social scenarios and (2) further investigating its impact on reward-related prosocial behavior and memory. Across three online experiments, we simulated a socially shared music listening and found that participants' music reward was significantly modulated by the social context, with higher reported pleasure for greater levels of social sharing. Furthermore, the increased pleasure reported by the participants positively influenced prosocial behavior and memory outcomes, highlighting the facilitating role of socially boosted reward. These findings provide evidence about the rewarding nature of socially driven music experiences, with important potential implications in educational and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Curzel
- Laboratoire d’Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EMC), Université Lumière Lyon 2, 69500 Bron, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Université de Lyon, 69500 Bron, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d’Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EMC), Université Lumière Lyon 2, 69500 Bron, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Eléonore Trân
- Laboratoire d’Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EMC), Université Lumière Lyon 2, 69500 Bron, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Barbara Tillmann
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Université de Lyon, 69500 Bron, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
- LEAD CNRS UMR5022, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, Bourgogne-Franche Comté, France
| | - Pablo Ripollés
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Music and Audio Research Laboratory (MARL), New York University, New York, NY 11201, USA
- Center for Language, Music, and Emotion (CLaME), New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Laura Ferreri
- Laboratoire d’Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EMC), Université Lumière Lyon 2, 69500 Bron, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
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Lim M, Carollo A, Bizzego A, Chen AS, Esposito G. Culture, sex and social context influence brain-to-brain synchrony: an fNIRS hyperscanning study. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:350. [PMID: 38877525 PMCID: PMC11179279 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unique interpersonal synchrony occurs during every social interaction, and is shaped by characteristics of participating individuals in these social contexts. Additionally, depending on context demands, interpersonal synchrony is also altered. The study therefore aims to investigate culture, sex, and social context effects simultaneously in a novel role-play paradigm. Additionally, the effect of personality traits on synchrony was investigated across cultures, and a further exploratory analysis on the effects of these variables on pre- and post-session empathy changes was conducted. METHODS 83 dyads were recruited in two waves from Singapore and Italy and took part in a within-subjects session where they interacted with each other as themselves (Naturalistic Conversation) and as others (Role-Play and Role Reversal). Big Five Inventory (administered pre-session) and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (administered pre- and post-session) were used as measures of personality and empathy respectively, while synchrony was measured using hyperscanning functional near-infrared spectroscopy in the prefrontal cortex. After data-preprocessing and preliminary analyses, a mixture of multiple linear regression and exploratory forward stepwise regression models were used to address the above study aims. RESULTS Results revealed significant main and interaction effects of culture, sex and social context on brain-to-brain synchrony, particularly in the medial left cluster of the prefrontal cortex, and a unique contribution of extraversion and openness to experience to synchrony in the Italian cohort only. Finally, culture-driven differences in empathy changes were identified, where significant increases in empathy across sessions were generally only observed within the Singaporean cohort. CONCLUSIONS Main findings indicate lowered brain-to-brain synchrony during role-playing activities that is moderated by the dyad's sex make-up and culture, implying differential processing of social interactions that is also influenced by individuals' background factors. Findings align with current literature that role-playing is a cognitively demanding activity requiring greater levels of self-regulation and suppression of self-related cognition as opposed to interpersonal co-regulation characterized by synchrony. However, the current pattern of results would be better supported by future studies investigating multimodal synchronies and corroboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Lim
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Alessandro Carollo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Andrea Bizzego
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Annabel Sh Chen
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
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Cohen M, Abargil M, Ahissar M, Atzil S. Social and nonsocial synchrony are interrelated and romantically attractive. COMMUNICATIONS PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 2:57. [PMID: 39242962 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms of romantic bonding in humans are largely unknown. Recent research suggests that physiological synchrony between partners is associated with bonding. This study combines an experimental approach with a naturalistic dating setup to test whether the individual differences in social and nonsocial synchrony are interdependent, and linked to romantic attractiveness. In a preregistered online experiment with 144 participants, we discover that inducing physiological synchrony between an actor and an actress determines their attractiveness ratings by participants, indicating that synchrony can increase perceived attraction. In a lab-based naturalistic speed-dating experiment, we quantify in 48 participants the individual tendency for social physiological synchrony, nonsocial sensorimotor synchrony, and romantic attractiveness. We discover that the individual propensity to synchronize in social and nonsocial tasks is correlated. Some individuals synchronize better regardless of partners or tasks, and such Super Synchronizers are rated as more attractive. Altogether, this demonstrates that humans prefer romantic partners who can synchronize.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cohen
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Abargil
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Ahissar
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Atzil
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Landon LB, Miller JCW, Bell ST, Roma PG. When people start getting real: The Group Living Skills Survey for extreme work environments. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1348119. [PMID: 38689722 PMCID: PMC11060178 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1348119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Group living skills (GLS), that is, being tidy and considerate of others, are an important skillset for teams who live and work together. However, this construct does not have a validated measure to enable an understanding of how group living skills influence team dynamics over time. We developed and validated a short measure of group living skills for teams living in extreme work environments. Methods We collected data from 83 individuals in 24 teams living and working in space and spaceflight analog environments on missions of 45-240 days. Results We provide evidence of reliability and validity for the GLS Survey over time and identify a two-factor structure. We also demonstrate its use as a measure of team-level dynamics and its utility as a sociometric measure to identify a person's degree of group living skills. Discussion We outline recommendations for using this new measure in future research and applied settings to understand this unique aspect of teams living and working together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Blackwell Landon
- Behavioral Health and Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, KBR, at NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer C. W. Miller
- Behavioral Health and Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, JES Tech, at NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Suzanne T. Bell
- Behavioral Health and Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peter G. Roma
- Behavioral Health and Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, KBR, at NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Sabharwal SR, Breaden M, Volpe G, Camurri A, Keller PE. Leadership dynamics in musical groups: Quantifying effects of musical structure on directionality of influence in concert performance videos. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300663. [PMID: 38568939 PMCID: PMC10990194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Music ensemble performance provides an ecologically valid context for investigating leadership dynamics in small group interactions. Musical texture, specifically the relative salience of simultaneously sounding ensemble parts, is a feature that can potentially alter leadership dynamics by introducing hierarchical relationships between individual parts. The present study extended previous work on quantifying interpersonal coupling in musical ensembles by examining the relationship between musical texture and leader-follower relations, operationalised as directionality of influence between co-performers' body motion in concert video recordings. It was hypothesised that the directionality of influence, indexed by Granger Causality, would be greater for 'homophonic' textures with a clear distinction between melody and accompaniment parts than for 'polyphonic' textures with less distinction between melody and accompaniment. This hypothesis was tested by using pose estimation algorithms to track instrumentalists' body movements in a string quartet and a clarinet quintet, and then applying Granger Causality analysis to their head motion to estimate directional influence between instrumentalist pairs for sections of the pieces that varied in texture. It was found that Granger Causality values were generally higher (indicating greater directionality of influence) for homophonic than polyphonic textures. Furthermore, considering melody and accompaniment instrument roles revealed more evidence for the melody instrument influencing accompanying instruments than vice versa, plus a high degree of directionality among accompanying instruments, in homophonic textures. These observed patterns of directional information flow in co-performer body motion are consistent with changing leader-follower relations depending on hierarchical relations between ensemble parts in terms of the relative salience of melodic material in the musical texture. The finding that automatic pose estimation can detect modulations of leadership dynamics in standard video recordings under naturalistic performance conditions has implications for investigating interpersonal coordination in large-scale music video datasets representing different cultural traditions, and for exploring nonverbal communication in group activities more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Breaden
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | | | | | - Peter E. Keller
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus, Aarhus, Aalborg, Denmark
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Timmers R, Tzanaki P, Christensen J. Coordinating actions as active agents in a dynamic musical environment: Comment on "Musical engagement as a duet of tight synchrony and loose interpretability" by Tal-Chen Rabinowitch. Phys Life Rev 2023; 47:104-107. [PMID: 37812985 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
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9
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Rosso M, van Kerrebroeck B, Maes PJ, Leman M. Embodied perspective-taking enhances interpersonal synchronization: A body-swap study. iScience 2023; 26:108099. [PMID: 37920667 PMCID: PMC10618832 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans exhibit a strong tendency to synchronize movements with each other, with visual perspective potentially influencing interpersonal synchronization. By manipulating the visual scenes of participants engaged in a joint finger-tapping task, we examined the effects of 1st person and 2nd person visual perspectives on their coordination dynamics. We hypothesized that perceiving the partner's movements from their 1st person perspective would enhance spontaneous interpersonal synchronization, potentially mediated by the embodiment of the partner's hand. We observed significant differences in attractor dynamics across visual perspectives. Specifically, participants in 1st person coupling were unable to maintain de-coupled trajectories as effectively as in 2nd person coupling. Our findings suggest that visual perspective influences coordination dynamics in dyadic interactions, engaging error-correction mechanisms in individual brains as they integrate the partner's hand into their body representation. Our results have the potential to inform the development of applications for motor training and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Rosso
- IPEM - Institute for Systematic Musicology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Flanders, Belgium
- PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition - ULR 4072, University of Lille, 59650 Lille, Hauts-de-France, France
| | - Bavo van Kerrebroeck
- IPEM - Institute for Systematic Musicology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Flanders, Belgium
- SPL - Sequence Production Lab, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
- IDMIL – Input Devices. And Music Interaction Laboratory, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1E3, Canada
| | - Pieter-Jan Maes
- IPEM - Institute for Systematic Musicology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Marc Leman
- IPEM - Institute for Systematic Musicology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Flanders, Belgium
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10
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D'Amario S, Schmidbauer H, Roesch A, Goebl W, Niemand AM, Bishop L. Interperformer coordination in piano-singing duo performances: phrase structure and empathy impact. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 87:2559-2582. [PMID: 37074403 PMCID: PMC10497663 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-023-01818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Musicians' body motion plays a fundamental role in ensemble playing, by supporting sound production, communication, and expressivity. This research investigates how Western classical musicians' head motion during ensemble performances relates to a piece's phrase structure and musicians' empathic perspective taking (EPT) profile. Twenty-four advanced piano and singing students took part in the study, and their EPT score was pre-assessed using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. High and low EPT duos were formed, and musicians were paired with a co-performer from the same and the other EPT group. Musicians rehearsed Fauré's Automne and Schumann's Die Kartenlegerin, and performed the pieces one time before and three times after rehearsal. Motion capture data of the musicians' front head, audio, and MIDI recordings of the performances were collected and analysed. Similarity in musicians' head motion and tendency to lead/lag their co-performer were computed by extracting, respectively, power and phase difference of the cross-wavelet transforms of the velocity curves of each paired marker. Results demonstrate that the power of interperformer coordination corresponds to the piece's phrase levels and that singer's EPT can impact the leader-follower relationships between musicians, depending on piece and take number. In the Fauré piece, the higher the singer's EPT score, the higher the tendency for the singer to lead and pianist to follow in take 3, and the lower the tendency for the singer to lead and pianist to follow in take 2. These results contribute to a further understanding of the mechanisms underpinning social interactions, by revealing the complexity of the association between empathy and body motion in ensembles in promoting and diffusing leadership between musicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara D'Amario
- Department of Music Acoustics-Wiener Klangstil, mdw-University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna, Anton-von-Webern-Platz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Angi Roesch
- FOM University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
| | - Werner Goebl
- Department of Music Acoustics-Wiener Klangstil, mdw-University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna, Anton-von-Webern-Platz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Maria Niemand
- Department of Music Acoustics-Wiener Klangstil, mdw-University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna, Anton-von-Webern-Platz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Bishop
- RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Musicology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Nguyen T, Flaten E, Trainor LJ, Novembre G. Early social communication through music: State of the art and future perspectives. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 63:101279. [PMID: 37515832 PMCID: PMC10407289 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research shows that the universal capacity for music perception and production emerges early in development. Possibly building on this predisposition, caregivers around the world often communicate with infants using songs or speech entailing song-like characteristics. This suggests that music might be one of the earliest developing and most accessible forms of interpersonal communication, providing a platform for studying early communicative behavior. However, little research has examined music in truly communicative contexts. The current work aims to facilitate the development of experimental approaches that rely on dynamic and naturalistic social interactions. We first review two longstanding lines of research that examine musical interactions by focusing either on the caregiver or the infant. These include defining the acoustic and non-acoustic features that characterize infant-directed (ID) music, as well as behavioral and neurophysiological research examining infants' processing of musical timing and pitch. Next, we review recent studies looking at early musical interactions holistically. This research focuses on how caregivers and infants interact using music to achieve co-regulation, mutual engagement, and increase affiliation and prosocial behavior. We conclude by discussing methodological, technological, and analytical advances that might empower a comprehensive study of musical communication in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Nguyen
- Neuroscience of Perception and Action Lab, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy.
| | - Erica Flaten
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behavior, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Laurel J Trainor
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behavior, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; McMaster Institute for Music and the Mind, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Giacomo Novembre
- Neuroscience of Perception and Action Lab, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy
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Fiveash A, Ferreri L, Bouwer FL, Kösem A, Moghimi S, Ravignani A, Keller PE, Tillmann B. Can rhythm-mediated reward boost learning, memory, and social connection? Perspectives for future research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105153. [PMID: 37019245 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies of rhythm processing and of reward have progressed separately, with little connection between the two. However, consistent links between rhythm and reward are beginning to surface, with research suggesting that synchronization to rhythm is rewarding, and that this rewarding element may in turn also boost this synchronization. The current mini review shows that the combined study of rhythm and reward can be beneficial to better understand their independent and combined roles across two central aspects of cognition: 1) learning and memory, and 2) social connection and interpersonal synchronization; which have so far been studied largely independently. From this basis, it is discussed how connections between rhythm and reward can be applied to learning and memory and social connection across different populations, taking into account individual differences, clinical populations, human development, and animal research. Future research will need to consider the rewarding nature of rhythm, and that rhythm can in turn boost reward, potentially enhancing other cognitive and social processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fiveash
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL, CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, F-69000 Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France; The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - L Ferreri
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Laboratoire d'Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - F L Bouwer
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Kösem
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL, CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - S Moghimi
- Groupe de Recherches sur l'Analyse Multimodale de la Fonction Cérébrale, INSERM U1105, Amiens, France
| | - A Ravignani
- Comparative Bioacoustics Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark
| | - P E Keller
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia; Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark
| | - B Tillmann
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL, CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, F-69000 Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Laboratory for Research on Learning and Development, LEAD - CNRS UMR5022, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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13
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Kohler N, Novembre G, Gugnowska K, Keller PE, Villringer A, Sammler D. Cortico-cerebellar audio-motor regions coordinate self and other in musical joint action. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2804-2822. [PMID: 35771593 PMCID: PMC10016054 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint music performance requires flexible sensorimotor coordination between self and other. Cognitive and sensory parameters of joint action-such as shared knowledge or temporal (a)synchrony-influence this coordination by shifting the balance between self-other segregation and integration. To investigate the neural bases of these parameters and their interaction during joint action, we asked pianists to play on an MR-compatible piano, in duet with a partner outside of the scanner room. Motor knowledge of the partner's musical part and the temporal compatibility of the partner's action feedback were manipulated. First, we found stronger activity and functional connectivity within cortico-cerebellar audio-motor networks when pianists had practiced their partner's part before. This indicates that they simulated and anticipated the auditory feedback of the partner by virtue of an internal model. Second, we observed stronger cerebellar activity and reduced behavioral adaptation when pianists encountered subtle asynchronies between these model-based anticipations and the perceived sensory outcome of (familiar) partner actions, indicating a shift towards self-other segregation. These combined findings demonstrate that cortico-cerebellar audio-motor networks link motor knowledge and other-produced sounds depending on cognitive and sensory factors of the joint performance, and play a crucial role in balancing self-other integration and segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Kohler
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Research Group Neurocognition of Music and Language, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Grüneburgweg 14, 60322 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Giacomo Novembre
- Neuroscience of Perception and Action Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Gugnowska
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Research Group Neurocognition of Music and Language, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Grüneburgweg 14, 60322 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter E Keller
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Sammler
- Corresponding author: Daniela Sammler, MPI for Empirical Aesthetics, Grüneburgweg 14, 60322 Frankfurt/M., Germany.
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14
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Chen WG, Iversen JR, Kao MH, Loui P, Patel AD, Zatorre RJ, Edwards E. Music and Brain Circuitry: Strategies for Strengthening Evidence-Based Research for Music-Based Interventions. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8498-8507. [PMID: 36351825 PMCID: PMC9665917 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1135-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroscience of music and music-based interventions (MBIs) is a fascinating but challenging research field. While music is a ubiquitous component of every human society, MBIs may encompass listening to music, performing music, music-based movement, undergoing music education and training, or receiving treatment from music therapists. Unraveling the brain circuits activated and influenced by MBIs may help us gain better understanding of the therapeutic and educational values of MBIs by gathering strong research evidence. However, the complexity and variety of MBIs impose unique research challenges. This article reviews the recent endeavor led by the National Institutes of Health to support evidence-based research of MBIs and their impact on health and diseases. It also highlights fundamental challenges and strategies of MBI research with emphases on the utilization of animal models, human brain imaging and stimulation technologies, behavior and motion capturing tools, and computational approaches. It concludes with suggestions of basic requirements when studying MBIs and promising future directions to further strengthen evidence-based research on MBIs in connections with brain circuitry.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Music and music-based interventions (MBI) engage a wide range of brain circuits and hold promising therapeutic potentials for a variety of health conditions. Comparative studies using animal models have helped in uncovering brain circuit activities involved in rhythm perception, while human imaging, brain stimulation, and motion capture technologies have enabled neural circuit analysis underlying the effects of MBIs on motor, affective/reward, and cognitive function. Combining computational analysis, such as prediction method, with mechanistic studies in animal models and humans may unravel the complexity of MBIs and their effects on health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Grace Chen
- Division of Extramural Research, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | | | - Mimi H Kao
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155
| | - Psyche Loui
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | | | - Robert J Zatorre
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A2B4, Canada
| | - Emmeline Edwards
- Division of Extramural Research, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
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15
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Gugnowska K, Novembre G, Kohler N, Villringer A, Keller PE, Sammler D. Endogenous sources of interbrain synchrony in duetting pianists. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:4110-4127. [PMID: 35029645 PMCID: PMC9476614 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When people interact with each other, their brains synchronize. However, it remains unclear whether interbrain synchrony (IBS) is functionally relevant for social interaction or stems from exposure of individual brains to identical sensorimotor information. To disentangle these views, the current dual-EEG study investigated amplitude-based IBS in pianists jointly performing duets containing a silent pause followed by a tempo change. First, we manipulated the similarity of the anticipated tempo change and measured IBS during the pause, hence, capturing the alignment of purely endogenous, temporal plans without sound or movement. Notably, right posterior gamma IBS was higher when partners planned similar tempi, it predicted whether partners' tempi matched after the pause, and it was modulated only in real, not in surrogate pairs. Second, we manipulated the familiarity with the partner's actions and measured IBS during joint performance with sound. Although sensorimotor information was similar across conditions, gamma IBS was higher when partners were unfamiliar with each other's part and had to attend more closely to the sound of the performance. These combined findings demonstrate that IBS is not merely an epiphenomenon of shared sensorimotor information but can also hinge on endogenous, cognitive processes crucial for behavioral synchrony and successful social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gugnowska
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Research Group Neurocognition of Music and Language, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main 60322, Germany
| | - Giacomo Novembre
- Neuroscience of Perception and Action Lab, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Natalie Kohler
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Research Group Neurocognition of Music and Language, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main 60322, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Peter E Keller
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Daniela Sammler
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Research Group Neurocognition of Music and Language, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main 60322, Germany
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16
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Stupacher J, Mikkelsen J, Vuust P. Higher empathy is associated with stronger social bonding when moving together with music. PSYCHOLOGY OF MUSIC 2022; 50:1511-1526. [PMID: 36097608 PMCID: PMC9459360 DOI: 10.1177/03057356211050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Empathy-understanding and sharing the feelings and experiences of others-is one of our most important social capacities. Music is a social stimulus in that it involves communication of mental states, imitation of behavior, and synchronization of movements. As empathy and music are so closely linked, we investigated whether higher empathy is associated with stronger social bonding in interpersonal interactions that feature music. In two studies, participants watched videos in which we manipulated interpersonal synchrony between the movements of a virtual self and a virtual other person during walking with instrumental music or a metronome. In both studies, temporally aligned movements increased social bonding with the virtual other and higher empathy was associated with increased social bonding in movement interactions that featured music. Additionally, in Study 1, participants with lower empathy felt more connected when interacting with a metronome compared to music. In Study 2, higher trait empathy was associated with strong increases of social bonding when interacting with a temporally aligned virtual other, but only weak increases of social bonding with a temporally misaligned virtual other. These findings suggest that empathy plays a multifaceted role in how we enjoy, interpret, and use music in social situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stupacher
- Center for Music in the Brain,
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music,
Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jannie Mikkelsen
- School of Business and Social Sciences,
Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain,
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music,
Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus C, Denmark
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17
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Kang K, Orlandi S, Lorenzen N, Chau T, Thaut MH. Does music induce interbrain synchronization between a non-speaking youth with cerebral palsy (CP), a parent, and a neurologic music therapist? A brief report. Dev Neurorehabil 2022; 25:426-432. [PMID: 35341463 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2022.2051628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Shared emotional experiences during musical activities among musicians can be coupled with brainwave synchronization. For non-speaking individuals with CP, verbal communication may be limited in expressing mutual empathy. Therefore, this case study explored interbrain synchronization among a non-speaking CP (female, 18 yrs), her parent, and a music therapist by measuring their brainwaves simultaneously during four music and four storytelling sessions. In only the youth-parent dyad, we observed a significantly higher level of interbrain synchronization during music rather than story-telling condition. However, in both the youth-parent and youth-therapist dyad, regardless of condition type, significant interbrain synchronization emerged in frontal and temporal lobes in the low-frequency bands, which are associated with socio-emotional responses. Although interbrain synchronization may have been induced by multiple factors (e.g., external stimuli, shared empathetic experiences, and internal physiological rhythms), the music activity setting deserves further study as a potential facilitator of neurophysiological synchrony between youth with CP and caregivers/healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyurim Kang
- Music and Health Science Research Collaboratory (MaHRC), Faculty of Music, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Center for Music and Medicine, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Silvia Orlandi
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi"- DEI, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicole Lorenzen
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Tom Chau
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael H Thaut
- Music and Health Science Research Collaboratory (MaHRC), Faculty of Music, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science and Rehabilitation Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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18
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A simple cognitive method to improve the prediction of matters of taste by exploiting the within-person wisdom-of-crowd effect. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12413. [PMID: 35858998 PMCID: PMC9300593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In our daily lives, we must often predict the level of others' satisfaction with something they have not experienced thus far. How can such a prediction be accurate? Existing studies indicate that, by referring to the extent to which people themselves have enjoyed something, they are able to predict others' future satisfaction, to some extent. In this study, we propose a method that can further improve such predictions. This method is expected to allow individuals to exploit the 'wisdom of the crowd' within a person, in terms of taste. Specifically, for a single target, participants in our study group produced two opinions from different perspectives: the degree to which they preferred something, and they estimated 'public opinion'. Utilising two behavioural studies and computer simulations, we confirmed the effectiveness of our method; specifically, blending the two opinions could enhance an individual's prediction ability. Subsequently, we mathematically analysed how effective our method is and identified several factors that influenced its efficiency. Our findings offer several contributions to 'wisdom-of-crowd' research.
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19
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The effect of interpersonal responsibility trait on altruism: The mediating role of perspective taking. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Vuust P, Heggli OA, Friston KJ, Kringelbach ML. Music in the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:287-305. [PMID: 35352057 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Music is ubiquitous across human cultures - as a source of affective and pleasurable experience, moving us both physically and emotionally - and learning to play music shapes both brain structure and brain function. Music processing in the brain - namely, the perception of melody, harmony and rhythm - has traditionally been studied as an auditory phenomenon using passive listening paradigms. However, when listening to music, we actively generate predictions about what is likely to happen next. This enactive aspect has led to a more comprehensive understanding of music processing involving brain structures implicated in action, emotion and learning. Here we review the cognitive neuroscience literature of music perception. We show that music perception, action, emotion and learning all rest on the human brain's fundamental capacity for prediction - as formulated by the predictive coding of music model. This Review elucidates how this formulation of music perception and expertise in individuals can be extended to account for the dynamics and underlying brain mechanisms of collective music making. This in turn has important implications for human creativity as evinced by music improvisation. These recent advances shed new light on what makes music meaningful from a neuroscientific perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music (Det Jyske Musikkonservatorium), Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Ole A Heggli
- Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music (Det Jyske Musikkonservatorium), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karl J Friston
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Morten L Kringelbach
- Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music (Det Jyske Musikkonservatorium), Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, Linacre College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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21
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Hawkins S, Farrant C. Influence of Turn-Taking in Musical and Spoken Activities on Empathy and Self-Esteem of Socially Vulnerable Young Teenagers. Front Psychol 2022; 12:801574. [PMID: 35197885 PMCID: PMC8859432 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.801574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes a preliminary test of the hypothesis that, when people engage in musical and linguistic activities designed to enhance the interactive, turn-taking properties of typical conversation, they benefit in ways that enhance empathy and self-esteem, relative to people who experience activities that are similar except that synchronous action is emphasized, with no interactional turn-taking. Twenty-two 12–14 year olds identified as socially vulnerable (e.g., for anxiety) received six enjoyable 1-h sessions of musical improvisation, language games that developed sensitivity to linguistic rhythm and melody, and cross-over activities like rap. The Turn-taking group (n = 11), practiced characteristics of conversation in language games, and these were also introduced into musical activities. This involved much turn-taking and predicting what others would do. A matched control group, the Synchrony group, did similar activities but in synchrony, with less prediction and no turn-taking. Task complexity increased over the six sessions. Psychometric testing before and after the series showed that the Turn-taking group increased in empathy on self-report (Toronto Empathy Questionnaire) and behavioral (‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’) measures, and in the General subtest of the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory. While more work is needed to confirm the conclusions for relevant demographic groups, the current results point to the social value of musical and linguistic activities that mimic entrained, tightly coordinated parameters of everyday conversational interaction, in which, at any one time, individuals act as equal participants who have different roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hawkins
- Centre for Music and Science, Faculty of Music, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Sarah Hawkins,
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22
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Fiveash A, Burger B, Canette LH, Bedoin N, Tillmann B. When Visual Cues Do Not Help the Beat: Evidence for a Detrimental Effect of Moving Point-Light Figures on Rhythmic Priming. Front Psychol 2022; 13:807987. [PMID: 35185727 PMCID: PMC8855071 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.807987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhythm perception involves strong auditory-motor connections that can be enhanced with movement. However, it is unclear whether just seeing someone moving to a rhythm can enhance auditory-motor coupling, resulting in stronger entrainment. Rhythmic priming studies show that presenting regular rhythms before naturally spoken sentences can enhance grammaticality judgments compared to irregular rhythms or other baseline conditions. The current study investigated whether introducing a point-light figure moving in time with regular rhythms could enhance the rhythmic priming effect. Three experiments revealed that the addition of a visual cue did not benefit rhythmic priming in comparison to auditory conditions with a static image. In Experiment 1 (27 7–8-year-old children), grammaticality judgments were poorer after audio-visual regular rhythms (with a bouncing point-light figure) compared to auditory-only regular rhythms. In Experiments 2 (31 adults) and 3 (31 different adults), there was no difference in grammaticality judgments after audio-visual regular rhythms compared to auditory-only irregular rhythms for either a bouncing point-light figure (Experiment 2) or a swaying point-light figure (Experiment 3). Comparison of the observed performance with previous data suggested that the audio-visual component removed the regular prime benefit. These findings suggest that the visual cues used in this study do not enhance rhythmic priming and could hinder the effect by potentially creating a dual-task situation. In addition, individual differences in sensory-motor and social scales of music reward influenced the effect of the visual cue. Implications for future audio-visual experiments aiming to enhance beat processing, and the importance of individual differences will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fiveash
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM, U1028, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- *Correspondence: Anna Fiveash,
| | - Birgitta Burger
- Institute for Systematic Musicology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laure-Hélène Canette
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM, U1028, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- University of Burgundy, F-21000, LEAD-CNRS UMR 5022, Dijon, France
| | - Nathalie Bedoin
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM, U1028, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Barbara Tillmann
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM, U1028, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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23
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Mojtahedi K, Kiani K, Santello M, Fu Q. Inter-personal motor interaction is facilitated by hand pairing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:545. [PMID: 35017620 PMCID: PMC8752769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which hand dominance may influence how each agent contributes to inter-personal coordination remains unknown. In the present study, right-handed human participants performed object balancing tasks either in dyadic conditions with each agent using one hand (left or right), or in bimanual conditions where each agent performed the task individually with both hands. We found that object load was shared between two hands more asymmetrically in dyadic than single-agent conditions. However, hand dominance did not influence how two hands shared the object load. In contrast, hand dominance was a major factor in modulating hand vertical movement speed. Furthermore, the magnitude of internal force produced by two hands against each other correlated with the synchrony between the two hands' movement in dyads. This finding supports the important role of internal force in haptic communication. Importantly, both internal force and movement synchrony were affected by hand dominance of the paired participants. Overall, these results demonstrate, for the first time, that pairing of one dominant and one non-dominant hand may promote asymmetrical roles within a dyad during joint physical interactions. This appears to enable the agent using the dominant hand to actively maintain effective haptic communication and task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Mojtahedi
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-9709, USA
- Dexcom, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Kimia Kiani
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Marco Santello
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-9709, USA
| | - Qiushi Fu
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
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24
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Kalmar E, Aarts T, Bosman E, Ford C, de Kluijver L, Beets J, Veldkamp L, Timmers P, Besseling D, Koopman J, Fan C, Berrevoets E, Trotsenburg M, Maton L, van Remundt J, Sari E, Omar LW, Beinema E, Winkel R, van der Sanden M. The COVID-19 paradox of online collaborative education: when you cannot physically meet, you need more social interactions. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08823. [PMID: 35128108 PMCID: PMC8810371 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Collaborative learning is a teaching method that brings together students to discuss a topic important for a given course or curriculum and solve a related problem or create a product. By doing this, learners create knowledge together and gain 21st -century skills such as communication, critical thinking, decision making, leadership and conflict management. Universities had to close their campuses and turn their education fully online in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which created a forced step in the evolution of the digitalisation of collaborative teaching. How did TU Delft face this challenge? How did the students experience the online version of collaborative learning? How did distant learning affect their motivation? This article presents four student team projects investigating these questions from the collaborative learning perspective. One of the significant findings of these projects is the lack of socio-emotional interactions during online collaborative work. We present a few guidelines on how to enable these interactions when designing online or blended collaborative education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kalmar
- Communication Design for Innovation, Science Education and Communication, Applied Sciences, TU Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Aarts
- Communication Design for Innovation, Science Education and Communication, Applied Sciences, TU Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Bosman
- Communication Design for Innovation, Science Education and Communication, Applied Sciences, TU Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Camera Ford
- Communication Design for Innovation, Science Education and Communication, Applied Sciences, TU Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa de Kluijver
- Communication Design for Innovation, Science Education and Communication, Applied Sciences, TU Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Josine Beets
- Communication Design for Innovation, Science Education and Communication, Applied Sciences, TU Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette Veldkamp
- Communication Design for Innovation, Science Education and Communication, Applied Sciences, TU Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Pauline Timmers
- Communication Design for Innovation, Science Education and Communication, Applied Sciences, TU Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Diede Besseling
- Communication Design for Innovation, Science Education and Communication, Applied Sciences, TU Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Koopman
- Communication Design for Innovation, Science Education and Communication, Applied Sciences, TU Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Chuntzu Fan
- Communication Design for Innovation, Science Education and Communication, Applied Sciences, TU Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Enya Berrevoets
- Communication Design for Innovation, Science Education and Communication, Applied Sciences, TU Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa Trotsenburg
- Communication Design for Innovation, Science Education and Communication, Applied Sciences, TU Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Loes Maton
- Communication Design for Innovation, Science Education and Communication, Applied Sciences, TU Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Jill van Remundt
- Communication Design for Innovation, Science Education and Communication, Applied Sciences, TU Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Ela Sari
- Communication Design for Innovation, Science Education and Communication, Applied Sciences, TU Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Lee-Wen Omar
- Communication Design for Innovation, Science Education and Communication, Applied Sciences, TU Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Emiel Beinema
- Communication Design for Innovation, Science Education and Communication, Applied Sciences, TU Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Robbert Winkel
- Communication Design for Innovation, Science Education and Communication, Applied Sciences, TU Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten van der Sanden
- Communication Design for Innovation, Science Education and Communication, Applied Sciences, TU Delft, the Netherlands
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25
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Sacheli LM, Arcangeli E, Carioti D, Butterfill S, Berlingeri M. Taking apart what brings us together: The role of action prediction, perspective-taking, and theory of mind in joint action. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2021; 75:1228-1243. [PMID: 34609238 DOI: 10.1177/17470218211050198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability to act together with others to achieve common goals is crucial in life, yet there is no full consensus on the underlying cognitive skills. While influential theoretical accounts suggest that interaction requires sophisticated insights into others' minds, alternative views propose that high-level social skills might not be necessary because interactions are grounded on sensorimotor predictive mechanisms. At present, empirical evidence is insufficient to decide between the two. This study addressed this issue and explored the association between performance at joint action tasks and cognitive abilities in three domains-action prediction, perspective-taking, and theory of mind-in healthy adults (N = 58). We found that, while perspective-taking played a role in reading the behaviour of others independently of the social context, action prediction abilities specifically influenced the agents' performance in an interactive task but not in a control (social but non-interactive) task. In our study, performance at a theory of mind test did not play any role, as confirmed by Bayesian analyses. The results suggest that, in adults, sensorimotor predictive mechanisms might play a significant and specific role in supporting interpersonal coordination during motor interactions. We discuss the implications of our findings for the contrasting theoretical views described earlier and propose a way they might be partly reconciled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Maria Sacheli
- Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Arcangeli
- Department of Humanistic Studies (DISTUM), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Desiré Carioti
- Department of Humanistic Studies (DISTUM), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Berlingeri
- Department of Humanistic Studies (DISTUM), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.,Center of Developmental Neuropsychology, ASUR Marche, Pesaro, Italy
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26
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Rosso M, Maes PJ, Leman M. Modality-specific attractor dynamics in dyadic entrainment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18355. [PMID: 34526522 PMCID: PMC8443558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic joint coordination is ubiquitous in daily-life human activities. In order to coordinate their actions towards shared goals, individuals need to co-regulate their timing and move together at the collective level of behavior. Remarkably, basic forms of coordinated behavior tend to emerge spontaneously as long as two individuals are exposed to each other's rhythmic movements. The present study investigated the dynamics of spontaneous dyadic entrainment, and more specifically how they depend on the sensory modalities mediating informational coupling. By means of a novel interactive paradigm, we showed that dyadic entrainment systematically takes place during a minimalistic rhythmic task despite explicit instructions to ignore the partner. Crucially, the interaction was organized by clear dynamics in a modality-dependent fashion. Our results showed highly consistent coordination patterns in visually-mediated entrainment, whereas we observed more chaotic and more variable profiles in the auditorily-mediated counterpart. The proposed experimental paradigm yields empirical evidence for the overwhelming tendency of dyads to behave as coupled rhythmic units. In the context of our experimental design, it showed that coordination dynamics differ according to availability and nature of perceptual information. Interventions aimed at rehabilitating, teaching or training sensorimotor functions can be ultimately informed and optimized by such fundamental knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Rosso
- Department of Art, Music and Theatre Sciences, IPEM Institute for Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Pieter J Maes
- Department of Art, Music and Theatre Sciences, IPEM Institute for Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Leman
- Department of Art, Music and Theatre Sciences, IPEM Institute for Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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27
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Vishne G, Jacoby N, Malinovitch T, Epstein T, Frenkel O, Ahissar M. Slow update of internal representations impedes synchronization in autism. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5439. [PMID: 34521851 PMCID: PMC8440645 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social skills, motor and perceptual atypicalities. These difficulties were explained within the Bayesian framework as either reflecting oversensitivity to prediction errors or - just the opposite - slow updating of such errors. To test these opposing theories, we administer paced finger-tapping, a synchronization task that requires use of recent sensory information for fast error-correction. We use computational modelling to disentangle the contributions of error-correction from that of noise in keeping temporal intervals, and in executing motor responses. To assess the specificity of tapping characteristics to autism, we compare performance to both neurotypical individuals and individuals with dyslexia. Only the autism group shows poor sensorimotor synchronization. Trial-by-trial modelling reveals typical noise levels in interval representations and motor responses. However, rate of error correction is reduced in autism, impeding synchronization ability. These results provide evidence for slow updating of internal representations in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Vishne
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Nori Jacoby
- Computational Auditory Perception Group, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Tamir Epstein
- Psychiatric Division, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Or Frenkel
- Psychology Department, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Merav Ahissar
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Psychology Department, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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28
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Kragness HE, Cirelli LK. A syncing feeling: reductions in physiological arousal in response to observed social synchrony. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:177-184. [PMID: 33449119 PMCID: PMC8208370 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchronized movements are often key elements in activities where social bonding and
emotional connection are a shared goal, such as religious gatherings, sporting events,
parties and weddings. Previous studies have shown that synchronous movements enhance
prosocial attitudes and affiliative behaviors. Similarly, observers attribute more social
closeness to people moving synchronously together than people moving asynchronously. The
mechanisms by which synchrony modulates these attributions are not well understood. In the
present study, we ask whether viewing synchronous activities influences physiological
arousal as measured by skin conductance and whether group size impacts this effect.
Undergraduates viewed a series of short videos depicting people moving either (1) in or
out of synchrony with each other and (2) in a large or small group. Participants’ skin
conductance was measured. Change in skin conductance levels and response counts were
attenuated while watching synchronous movement, but only in the large-group condition.
Post-hoc analyses suggest that viewer enjoyment/interest in the large-group synchronous
videos mediated this association for phasic skin conductance responses, but no evidence of
mediation was found for tonic skin conductance levels. Results extend previous research on
affiliative effects of first-person interpersonal synchrony and demonstrate that watching
others moving synchronously has an attenuating effect on observers’ physiological
state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E Kragness
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Laura K Cirelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada
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29
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Liebermann-Jordanidis H, Novembre G, Koch I, Keller PE. Simultaneous self-other integration and segregation support real-time interpersonal coordination in a musical joint action task. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 218:103348. [PMID: 34058671 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to distinguish between an individual's own actions and those of another person is a requirement for successful joint action, particularly in domains such as group music making where precise interpersonal coordination ensures perceptual overlap in the effects of co-performers' actions. We tested the hypothesis that such coordination benefits from simultaneous integration and segregation of information about 'self' and 'other' in an experiment using a musical joint action paradigm. Sixteen pairs of individuals with little or no musical training performed a dyadic synchronization task on a pair of electronic music boxes. The relationship between pitches produced by paired participants (same vs. different) and the relationship between movement frequencies required to trigger synchronous tones (congruent vs. incongruent) were varied in a repeated measures design. The results indicate that interpersonal coordination was most accurate when sounds were different in pitch but movement frequency was congruent. Under other conditions, participants often drifted apart, resulting in poor coordination, especially with same sounds and incongruent movements across co-performers. These findings suggest that interpersonal coordination was facilitated when simultaneous self-other integration and segregation occurred across sensory modalities in an asymmetrical manner where pitch relations favoured segregation via auditory streaming while movement congruence favoured integration via visuo-motor coupling. Such self-other representational balance may enable co-performers to maintain autonomous control while attending, anticipating, and adapting to each other's timing when joint action requires precise temporal coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Liebermann-Jordanidis
- Department of Medical Psychology|Neuropsychology and Gender Studies & Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Iring Koch
- Cognitive and Experimental Psychology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter E Keller
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Australia.
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30
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Samadani A, Kim S, Moon J, Kang K, Chau T. Neurophysiological Synchrony Between Children With Severe Physical Disabilities and Their Parents During Music Therapy. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:531915. [PMID: 33994913 PMCID: PMC8119766 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.531915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although physiological synchronization has been associated with the level of empathy in emotionally meaningful relationships, little is known about the interbrain synchrony between non-speaking children with severe disabilities and their familial caregivers. In a repeated measures observational study, we ascertained the degree of interbrain synchrony during music therapy in 10 child-parent dyads, where the children were non-speaking and living with severe motor impairments. Interbrain synchrony was quantified via measurements of spectral coherence and Granger causality between child and parent electroencephalographic (EEG) signals collected during ten 15-min music therapy sessions per dyad, where parents were present as non-participating, covert observers. Using cluster-based permutation tests, we found significant child-parent interbrain synchrony, manifesting most prominently across dyads in frontal brain regions within β and low γ frequencies. Specifically, significant dyadic coherence was observed contra-laterally, between child frontal right and parental frontal left regions at β and lower γ bands in empathy-related brain areas. Furthermore, significant Granger influences were detected bidirectionally (from child to parent and vice versa) in the same frequency bands. In all dyads, significant increases in session-specific coherence and Granger influences were observed over the time course of a music therapy session. The observed interbrain synchrony suggests a cognitive-emotional coupling during music therapy between child and parent that is responsive to change. These findings encourage further study of the socio-empathic capacity and interpersonal relationships formed between caregivers and non-speaking children with severe physical impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Song Kim
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jae Moon
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering (BME), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kyurim Kang
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Music and Health Science Research Collaboratory (MaHRC), Faculty of Music, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tom Chau
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering (BME), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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31
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De Meulemeester C, Lowyck B, Luyten P. The role of impairments in self-other distinction in borderline personality disorder: A narrative review of recent evidence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:242-254. [PMID: 33901500 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Impairments in maintaining a differentiated sense of "self" and "other" are thought to be a central feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, studies directly focusing on self-other distinction (SOD) in BPD are scarce, and these findings have not yet been integrated with novel insights into the neural mechanism involved in SOD. Here, we present a narrative review of recent behavioral and neuroimaging findings focusing on impairments in SOD in BPD. Behavioral findings of SOD at the embodied level provide preliminary evidence for impairments in multisensory integration in BPD. Furthermore, both behavioral and neuroscientific data converge to suggest that SOD impairments in BPD reflect an inability to shift between self and other representations according to task demands. Research also suggests that disruptions in infant-caregiver synchrony may play a role in the development of these impairments. Based on these findings, we present a new, integrative model linking impairments in SOD to reduced neural and behavioral synchrony in BPD. The implications of these findings for future research and clinical interventions are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benedicte Lowyck
- University Psychiatric Hospital UPC KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Luyten
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, UK
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32
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Musical improvisation enhances interpersonal coordination in subsequent conversation: Motor and speech evidence. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250166. [PMID: 33857238 PMCID: PMC8049323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effects of musical improvisation between dyads of same-sex strangers on subsequent behavioural alignment. Participants-all non-musicians-conversed before and after either improvising music together (Musical Improvisation-MI-group) or doing a motoric non-rhythmic cooperative task (building a tower together using wooden blocks; the Hands-Busy-HB-group). Conversations were free, but initially guided by an adaptation of the Fast Friends Questionnaire for inducing talk among students who are strangers and meeting for the first time. Throughout, participants' motion was recorded with an optical motion-capture system (Mocap) and analysed in terms of speed cross-correlations. Their conversations were also recorded on separate channels using headset microphones and were analysed in terms of the periodicity displayed by rhythmic peaks in the turn transitions across question and answer pairs (Q+A pairs). Compared with their first conversations, the MI group in the second conversations showed: (a) a very rapid, partially simultaneous anatomical coordination between 0 and 0.4 s; (b) delayed mirror motoric coordination between 0.8 and 1.5 s; and (c) a higher proportion of Periodic Q+A pairs. In contrast, the HB group's motoric coordination changed slightly in timing but not in degree of coordination between the first and second conversations, and there was no significant change in the proportion of periodic Q+A pairs they produced. These results show a convergent effect of prior musical interaction on joint body movement and use of shared periodicity across speech turn-transitions in conversations, suggesting that interaction in music and speech may be mediated by common processes.
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33
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Pan Y, Novembre G, Song B, Zhu Y, Hu Y. Dual brain stimulation enhances interpersonal learning through spontaneous movement synchrony. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:210-221. [PMID: 32591830 PMCID: PMC7812617 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Social interactive learning denotes the ability to acquire new information from a conspecific-a prerequisite for cultural evolution and survival. As inspired by recent neurophysiological research, here we tested whether social interactive learning can be augmented by exogenously synchronizing oscillatory brain activity across an instructor and a learner engaged in a naturalistic song-learning task. We used a dual brain stimulation protocol entailing the trans-cranial delivery of synchronized electric currents in two individuals simultaneously. When we stimulated inferior frontal brain regions, with 6 Hz alternating currents being in-phase between the instructor and the learner, the dyad exhibited spontaneous and synchronized body movement. Remarkably, this stimulation also led to enhanced learning performance. These effects were both phase- and frequency-specific: 6 Hz anti-phase stimulation or 10 Hz in-phase stimulation, did not yield comparable results. Furthermore, a mediation analysis disclosed that interpersonal movement synchrony acted as a partial mediator of the effect of dual brain stimulation on learning performance, i.e. possibly facilitating the effect of dual brain stimulation on learning. Our results provide a causal demonstration that inter-brain synchronization is a sufficient condition to improve real-time information transfer between pairs of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Pan
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF), Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giacomo Novembre
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Parmacology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Bei Song
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China
- Department of Musicology, Harbin Conservatory of Music, 150070 Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Hu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China
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34
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Gvirts Problovski HZ, Lavi D, Yozevitch R, Sherman M, Hagay Y, Dahan A. Impairments of interpersonal synchrony evident in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 212:103210. [PMID: 33202312 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to well-known attention deficiencies, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is accompanied by deficiencies in social cognition. Both intentional and spontaneous interpersonal synchrony have been found to be an essential part of successful human interaction. Here, we used a novel paradigm to assess intentional and spontaneous interpersonal synchrony in adults with and without ADHD. Our data indicate that intentional interpersonal synchrony is reduced in ADHD, whereas spontaneous interpersonal synchrony remains intact. These results suggest that a dysfunctional pattern of interpersonal synchrony may account for interpersonal difficulties in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Lavi
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Psychology, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Roi Yozevitch
- Department of Computer Science Holon Institue of Technology, Israel
| | - Mor Sherman
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Psychology, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Yael Hagay
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Psychology, Ariel University, Israel
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35
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Schiavio A, Küssner MB, Williamon A. Music Teachers' Perspectives and Experiences of Ensemble and Learning Skills. Front Psychol 2020; 11:291. [PMID: 32210875 PMCID: PMC7067978 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we report data from two survey studies administered to expert music teachers. Both questionnaires aimed to explore teachers' pedagogical and performative practice and included open questions elucidating musical skills emerging in groups. The first study focuses on collective teaching settings offered to amateurs, jazz musicians, and university students with various levels of musical expertise. The second reports data from teachers based at the Royal College of Music, London, where the main emphasis is on Western classical repertoire. We integrate both studies and discuss overlapping findings. Despite intrinsic differences concerning the general goals of their teaching and the educational systems in which they operate, our data indicate the ability to "listen and respond to others" as the most important ensemble skill, whereas "time management," "comparing yourself to the class," and the "development of responsible ways of learning" emerged as main learning skills. We discuss results and suggestions for future research in teaching and learning music in different contexts in the light of recent theoretical research in the cognitive sciences, considering implications for educators interested in diverse skill levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schiavio
- Centre for Systematic Musicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mats B. Küssner
- Institut für Musikwissenschaft und Medienwissenschaft, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aaron Williamon
- Centre for Performance Science, Royal College of Music, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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36
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Shilton D, Breski M, Dor D, Jablonka E. Human Social Evolution: Self-Domestication or Self-Control? Front Psychol 2020; 11:134. [PMID: 32116937 PMCID: PMC7033472 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The self-domestication hypothesis suggests that, like mammalian domesticates, humans have gone through a process of selection against aggression - a process that in the case of humans was self-induced. Here, we extend previous proposals and suggest that what underlies human social evolution is selection for socially mediated emotional control and plasticity. In the first part of the paper we highlight general features of human social evolution, which, we argue, is more similar to that of other social mammals than to that of mammalian domesticates and is therefore incompatible with the notion of human self-domestication. In the second part, we discuss the unique aspects of human evolution and propose that emotional control and social motivation in humans evolved during two major, partially overlapping stages. The first stage, which followed the emergence of mimetic communication, the beginnings of musical engagement, and mimesis-related cognition, required socially mediated emotional plasticity and was accompanied by new social emotions. The second stage followed the emergence of language, when individuals began to instruct the imagination of their interlocutors, and to rely even more extensively on emotional plasticity and culturally learned emotional control. This account further illustrates the significant differences between humans and domesticates, thus challenging the notion of human self-domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dor Shilton
- The Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Mati Breski
- The Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Dor
- The Department of Communication, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Eva Jablonka
- The Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science (CPNSS), London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom
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