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Lee HY, Lee JH, Baek J, Cho KA, Min KJ. Piperine improves the health span of Drosophila melanogaster with age- and sex-specific effect. Biogerontology 2024; 25:665-677. [PMID: 38548993 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-024-10100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Piperine, a dietary phytochemical isolated from the Piper species, has been used as a natural medicine for pain, flu, and fever in ancient China and India. Although the health benefits of piperine have been widely studied, research on its effect on aging is limited. This study aimed to determine whether piperine has the potential to mitigate aging-related changes in the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), which is an excellent model organism for studies on aging. The experiments were conducted using the newly eclosed or 30-day-old D. melanogaster wild-type strain Cantonized-white. Piperine was dissolved in 99% ethanol and added to the sucrose-yeast medium at a final concentration of 10, 35, 70, or 100 μM. The study examined the effects of piperine supplementation on the lifespan of D. melanogaster and other physiological functions, such as fecundity, feeding, lipid content, and resistance to environmental stress. Log-rank tests, Shapiro-Wilk test, F-test, t-test, or Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to analyze the data. Piperine failed to change the lifespan and body weight, but increased the fecundity and decreased the feeding rate in one-week-old flies. However, when piperine was fed to 30-day-old flies, it increased the lifespan of male flies and the fecundity and feeding rate of female flies. These results indicate that piperine can improve the health of aged flies. The findings suggest that piperine has age-dependent and sex-specific anti-aging effects in fruit flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Baek
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Jeonnam-do, 58128, Republic of Korea
- Research Center, Medispan Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Min
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Toraman E. Biochemical and molecular evaluation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in fruit fly exposed to carmoisine. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:685. [PMID: 38796672 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In today's world, appearance is an important factor in almost all areas of our lives. Therefore, it has become common to use dyes to color foods to make them look appetizing and visually appealing. However, food additives have negative effects on biochemical processes in cells at both high and low doses. METHODS AND RESULTS This study investigated the effect of carmoisine, a commonly used food coloring, on oxidative stress and damage parameters in Drosophila melanogaster in terms of both enzymatic and gene expression. The change in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), a marker of oxidative stress, was also examined. When the data obtained were analyzed, it was observed that carmoisine caused a significant decrease in GSH levels depending on the increase in dose. SOD, CAT, GPx, and AChE enzyme activities and gene expression levels were also found to be significantly decreased. All groups also showed a significant decrease in mtDNA-CN. The effect of carmoisine on Drosophila melanogaster morphology was also investigated in our study. However, no significant change was observed in terms of morphological development in any group. CONCLUSIONS When all the findings were evaluated together, it was observed that carmoisin triggered oxidative stress and these effects became more risky at high doses. Therefore, we believe that the consumer should be made more aware of the side effects of azo dyes in food and that the type and concentration of each substance added to food should be specified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Toraman
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye, 25240, Turkey.
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3
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Rivera-Rincón N, Altindag UH, Amin R, Graze RM, Appel AG, Stevison LS. "A comparison of thermal stress response between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila pseudoobscura reveals differences between species and sexes". JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 153:104616. [PMID: 38278288 PMCID: PMC11048572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The environment is changing faster than anticipated due to climate change, making species more vulnerable to its impacts. The level of vulnerability of species is influenced by factors such as the degree and duration of exposure, as well as the physiological sensitivity of organisms to changes in their environments, which has been shown to vary among species, populations, and individuals. Here, we compared physiological changes in fecundity, critical thermalmaximum (CTmax), respiratory quotient (RQ), and DNA damage in ovaries in response to temperature stress in two species of fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster (25 vs. 29.5 °C) and Drosophila pseudoobscura (20.5 vs. 25 °C). The fecundity of D. melanogaster was more affected by high temperatures when exposed during egg through adult development, while D. pseudoobscura was most significantly affected when exposed to high temperatures exclusively during egg through pupal development. Additionally, D. melanogaster males exhibited a decrease of CTmax under high temperatures, while females showed an increase of CTmax when exposed to high temperatures during egg through adult development. while D. pseudoobscura females and males showed an increased CTmax only when reared at high temperatures during egg through pupae development. Moreover, both species showed an acceleration in oogenesis and an increase in apoptosis due to heat stress. These changes can likely be attributed to key differences in the geographic range, thermal range, development time, and other different factors between these two systems. Through this comparison of variation in physiology and developmental response to thermal stress, we found important differences between species and sexes that suggest future work needs to account for these factors separately in understanding the effects of constant increased temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rivera-Rincón
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - U H Altindag
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - R Amin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - R M Graze
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - A G Appel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - L S Stevison
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA.
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Murthy MN, Shyamala BV. Ashwagandha- Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal as a multipotent neuroprotective remedy for genetically induced motor dysfunction and cellular toxicity in human neurodegenerative disease models of Drosophila. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116897. [PMID: 37442493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ashwagandha-Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, well known for its multipotent therapeutic properties has been used in Ayurveda for 3000 years. The plant with more than 50 active phytoconstituents is recognised for its anti-cancerous, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and neurotherapeutic properties demonstrated in in vitro studies and chemically induced rodent models. Genetically targeted Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative disease models have been created in Drosophila and have been used to get mechanistic insight into the in vivo cellular events, and genetic pathways that underlie respective neurodegenerative condition. But hitherto, there aren't enough attempts made to capitalize the genetic potential of these disease models to validate the therapeutic efficacy of different reagents used in traditional medicine, in the context of specific disease-causing genetic mutations. AIM OF THE STUDY Drugs discovered using in vitro platforms might fail in several instances of clinical trials because of the genetic heterogeneity and variability in the physiological context found among the patients. Drosophila by virtue of its genetically regulated experimental potential forms an ideal in vivo model to validate the candidate reagents discovered in in vitro screens for their efficacy under specific genetic situations. Here we have used genetically induced α-synucleinopathy and tauopathy transgenic fly models to study the efficacy of Ashwagandha treatment, assessing cellular and behavioural parameters. METHODS We have expressed the disease-causing human gene mutations in specific cell types of Drosophila using GAL4/UAS targeted expression system to create disease models. Human α-synuclein mutant (A30P) was expressed in dopaminergic neurons using Ddc-GAL4 driver strain to induce dopaminergic neurodegeneration and assayed for motor dysfunction. Human TauE14, mutant protein was expressed in photoreceptor neurons using GMR-GAL4 driver to induce photoreceptor degeneration. Microtubular destability and mitotic arrest in the dividing photoreceptor precursor cells were studied using αPH3 antibody. Lysosomal dysregulation caused necrotic black spots were induced by TauE14 with GMR-GAL4 driver, in a white mutant background. These flies mimicking neurodegenerative conditions were supplemented with different concentrations of Ashwagandha aqueous root extract mixed with regular fly food. The treated flies were analysed for cellular and behaviour parameters. RESULTS Lifespan assay shows that, Ashwagandha-root extract imparts an extended lifespan in male Drosophila flies which are intrinsically less stress resistant. Motor dysfunction caused due to human α-synuclein mutant protein expressed in dopaminergic neurons is greatly brought down. Further, Ashwagandha extract treatment significantly reduces TauE14 induced microtubular destability, mitotic arrest and neuronal death in photoreceptor neurons. Our experiment with tauopathy model in white mutant background exemplify that, Ashwagandha-root extract treatment can bring down lysosomal dysregulation induced necrosis of photoreceptor neurons. CONCLUSION We have carried out a multifaceted study which elucidates that Ashwagandha can serve as a comprehensive, phytotherapeutic formulation to combat neurodegeneration, targeting multiple causative genetically defective conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Nagamadhu Murthy
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570006, India.
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Bak NK, Rohde PD, Kristensen TN. Strong Sex-Dependent Effects of Malnutrition on Life- and Healthspan in Drosophila melanogaster. INSECTS 2023; 15:9. [PMID: 38249015 PMCID: PMC10816799 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient intake of essential nutrients, malnutrition is a major issue for millions of people and has a strong impact on the distribution and abundance of species in nature. In this study, we investigated the effect of malnutrition on several fitness components in the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster. Four diets with different nutritional values, including three diluted diets of an optimal nutritional balanced diet, were used as feed sources. The effect of malnutrition on fitness components linked to healthspan, the period of life spent in good health conditions, was evaluated by quantifying the flies' lifespan, locomotor activity, heat stress tolerance, lipid content, and dry weight. The results showed that malnutrition had severe negative impact, such as reduced lifespan, locomotor activity, heat stress tolerance, fat content, and dry weight. The negative phenotypic effects were highly sex-dependent, with males being more negatively impacted by malnutrition compared to females. These findings highlight important detrimental and sex-specific effects of malnutrition not only on lifespan but also on traits related to healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Klausholt Bak
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, DK 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Palle Duun Rohde
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Selma Lagerløfs Vej 249, DK 9260 Gistrup, Denmark
| | - Torsten Nygaard Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, DK 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
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Prasad SS, Taylor MC, Colombo V, Yeap HL, Pandey G, Lee SF, Taylor PW, Oakeshott JG. Patterns of Variation in the Usage of Fatty Acid Chains among Classes of Ester and Ether Neutral Lipids and Phospholipids in the Queensland Fruit Fly. INSECTS 2023; 14:873. [PMID: 37999072 PMCID: PMC10672513 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Modern lipidomics has the power and sensitivity to elucidate the role of insects' lipidomes in their adaptations to the environment at a mechanistic molecular level. However, few lipidomic studies have yet been conducted on insects beyond model species such as Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we present the lipidome of adult males of another higher dipteran frugivore, Bactrocera tryoni. We describe 421 lipids across 15 classes of ester neutral lipids and phospholipids and ether neutral lipids and phospholipids. Most of the lipids are specified in terms of the carbon and double bond contents of each constituent hydrocarbon chain, and more ether lipids are specified to this degree than in any previous insect lipidomic analyses. Class-specific profiles of chain length and (un)saturation are broadly similar to those reported in D. melanogaster, although we found fewer medium-length chains in ether lipids. The high level of chain specification in our dataset also revealed widespread non-random combinations of different chain types in several ester lipid classes, including deficits of combinations involving chains of the same carbon and double bond contents among four phospholipid classes and excesses of combinations of dissimilar chains in several classes. Large differences were also found in the length and double bond profiles of the acyl vs. alkyl or alkenyl chains of the ether lipids. Work on other organisms suggests some of the differences observed will be functionally consequential and mediated, at least in part, by differences in substrate specificity among enzymes in lipid synthesis and remodelling pathways. Interrogation of the B. tryoni genome showed it has comparable levels of diversity overall in these enzymes but with some gene gain/loss differences and considerable sequence divergence from D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirleen S. Prasad
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Black Mountain, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; (S.S.P.); (M.C.T.); (V.C.); (H.L.Y.); (S.F.L.); (J.G.O.)
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Matthew C. Taylor
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Black Mountain, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; (S.S.P.); (M.C.T.); (V.C.); (H.L.Y.); (S.F.L.); (J.G.O.)
| | - Valentina Colombo
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Black Mountain, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; (S.S.P.); (M.C.T.); (V.C.); (H.L.Y.); (S.F.L.); (J.G.O.)
| | - Heng Lin Yeap
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Black Mountain, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; (S.S.P.); (M.C.T.); (V.C.); (H.L.Y.); (S.F.L.); (J.G.O.)
- Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Gunjan Pandey
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Black Mountain, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; (S.S.P.); (M.C.T.); (V.C.); (H.L.Y.); (S.F.L.); (J.G.O.)
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Siu Fai Lee
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Black Mountain, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; (S.S.P.); (M.C.T.); (V.C.); (H.L.Y.); (S.F.L.); (J.G.O.)
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Phillip W. Taylor
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - John G. Oakeshott
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Black Mountain, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; (S.S.P.); (M.C.T.); (V.C.); (H.L.Y.); (S.F.L.); (J.G.O.)
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia;
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Liu X, Li X, Wei W, Fan Y, Guo Z, Duan X, Zhou X, Yang Y, Wang W. The polymorphisms in cGAS-STING pathway are associated with mitochondrial DNA copy number in coke oven workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:1070-1080. [PMID: 35546785 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2071418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the interaction effects of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and variants in cGAS-STING genes on mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in workers. METHODS The mtDNAcn was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase-chain reaction in 544 PAHs-exposed workers and 238 office workers. The polymorphisms were detected by flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS The mtDNAcn in PAHs exposure group was significantly lower than non-occupational exposure population (P < 0.00). The cGAS rs610913 CA+AA had significant interaction effects with STING rs11554776 GG+GA (P = 0.035), rs7380824 CC+CT (P = 0.026), and rs78233829 GC+CC (P = 0.034) on mtDNAcn. The generalized linear model results showed that the influencing factors of mtDNAcn include PAHs exposure (P < 0.001) and the interaction of PAHs exposure and cGAS rs 311678 AA+AG (P = 0.047). CONCLUSION The influencing factors of mtDNAcn include PAHs exposure and the interaction of PAHs exposure and cGAS rs 311678 AA+AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Occupational health and Occupational diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinling Li
- Department of Occupational health and Occupational diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wan Wei
- Department of Occupational health and Occupational diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yahui Fan
- Department of Occupational health and Occupational diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhifeng Guo
- Department of Occupational health and Occupational diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoran Duan
- Department of Occupational health and Occupational diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhou
- Department of Occupational health and Occupational diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational health and Occupational diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Health Inspection of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Amanullah A, Arzoo S, Aslam A, Qureshi IW, Hussain M. Inbreeding-Driven Innate Behavioral Changes in Drosophila melanogaster. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:926. [PMID: 37508357 PMCID: PMC10376054 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has long been used to demonstrate the effect of inbreeding, particularly in relation to reproductive fitness and stress tolerance. In comparison, less attention has been given to exploring the influence of inbreeding on the innate behavior of D. melanogaster. In this study, multiple replicates of six different types of crosses were set in pair conformation of the laboratory-maintained wild-type D. melanogaster. This resulted in progeny with six different levels of inbreeding coefficients. Larvae and adult flies of varied inbreeding coefficients were subjected to different behavioral assays. In addition to the expected inbreeding depression in the-egg to-adult viability, noticeable aberrations were observed in the crawling and phototaxis behaviors of larvae. Negative geotactic behavior as well as positive phototactic behavior of the flies were also found to be adversely affected with increasing levels of inbreeding. Interestingly, positively phototactic inbred flies demonstrated improved learning compared to outbred flies, potentially the consequence of purging. Flies with higher levels of inbreeding exhibited a delay in the manifestation of aggression and courtship. In summary, our findings demonstrate that inbreeding influences the innate behaviors in D. melanogaster, which in turn may affect the overall biological fitness of the flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Amanullah
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Dow Fly Research Lab and Stock Center, Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 75330, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Arzoo
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Dow Fly Research Lab and Stock Center, Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 75330, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Aslam
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Dow Fly Research Lab and Stock Center, Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 75330, Pakistan
| | - Iffat Waqar Qureshi
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Dow Fly Research Lab and Stock Center, Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 75330, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Hussain
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Dow Fly Research Lab and Stock Center, Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 75330, Pakistan
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Calogero GS, Giuga M, D’Urso V, Ferrito V, Pappalardo AM. First Report of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Variation in Opsius heydeni (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae) from Polluted and Control Sites. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1793. [PMID: 37889727 PMCID: PMC10251845 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA easily undergoes alterations due to exposure to stress factors. In particular, mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) variation can be used as a biomarker of the effect of exposure to various environmental contaminants. In this study, a molecular investigation based on the evaluation of mtDNAcn variation was applied for the first time to individuals belonging to the species Opsius heydeni. A total of 20 samples were collected from two sites in eastern Sicily: Priolo Gargallo, a site with a strong anthropic impact, and the Simeto river Oasis, a control site. Specimens identified based on morphological traits were used to obtain COI gene sequences from this species that were not previously available in GenBank. After processing, the relative mtDNAcn was evaluated using real-time PCR of a portion of the COI and 18S genes. A decrease in the mtDNAcn in the specimens from the polluted site was observed. These results highlight how environmental contaminants can alter the mitochondrial genome and how Opsius heydeni can be considered a potential bioindicator species of environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Santa Calogero
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology “M. La Greca”, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.S.C.); (M.G.); (V.D.)
| | - Marta Giuga
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology “M. La Greca”, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.S.C.); (M.G.); (V.D.)
- Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment-National Research Council, Via del Mare 3, 91021 Trapani, Italy
| | - Vera D’Urso
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology “M. La Greca”, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.S.C.); (M.G.); (V.D.)
| | - Venera Ferrito
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology “M. La Greca”, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.S.C.); (M.G.); (V.D.)
| | - Anna Maria Pappalardo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology “M. La Greca”, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.S.C.); (M.G.); (V.D.)
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Limbania D, Turner GL, Wasserman SM. Dehydrated Drosophila melanogaster track a water plume in tethered flight. iScience 2023; 26:106266. [PMID: 36915685 PMCID: PMC10005904 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Perception of sensory stimuli can be modulated by changes in internal state to drive contextually appropriate behavior. For example, dehydration is a threat to terrestrial animals, especially to Drosophila melanogaster due to their large surface area to volume ratio, particularly under the energy demands of flight. While hydrated D. melanogaster avoid water cues, while walking, dehydration leads to water-seeking behavior. We show that in tethered flight, hydrated flies ignore a water stimulus, whereas dehydrated flies track a water plume. Antennal occlusions eliminate odor and water plume tracking, whereas inactivation of moist sensing neurons in the antennae disrupts water tracking only upon starvation and dehydration. Elimination of the olfactory coreceptor eradicates odor tracking while leaving water-seeking behavior intact in dehydrated flies. Our results suggest that while similar hygrosensory receptors may be used for walking and in-flight hygrotaxis, the temporal dynamics of modulating the perception of water vary with behavioral state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Limbania
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Grace Lynn Turner
- Department of Neuroscience, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - Sara M Wasserman
- Department of Neuroscience, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
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Shirokova O, Zaborskaya O, Pchelin P, Kozliaeva E, Pershin V, Mukhina I. Genetic and Epigenetic Sexual Dimorphism of Brain Cells during Aging. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020195. [PMID: 36831738 PMCID: PMC9954625 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, much of the attention paid to theoretical and applied biomedicine, as well as neurobiology, has been drawn to various aspects of sexual dimorphism due to the differences that male and female brain cells demonstrate during aging: (a) a dimorphic pattern of response to therapy for neurodegenerative disorders, (b) different age of onset and different degrees of the prevalence of such disorders, and (c) differences in their symptomatic manifestations in men and women. The purpose of this review is to outline the genetic and epigenetic differences in brain cells during aging in males and females. As a result, we hereby show that the presence of brain aging patterns in males and females is due to a complex of factors associated with the effects of sex chromosomes, which subsequently entails a change in signal cascades in somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya Shirokova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Olga Zaborskaya
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Pavel Pchelin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603002, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Kozliaeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Vladimir Pershin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603002, Russia
| | - Irina Mukhina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603002, Russia
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12
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Rudnicki M, Pislaru A, Rezvan O, Rullman E, Fawzy A, Nwadozi E, Roudier E, Gustafsson T, Haas TL. Transcriptomic profiling reveals sex-specific molecular signatures of adipose endothelial cells under obesogenic conditions. iScience 2022; 26:105811. [PMID: 36624843 PMCID: PMC9823135 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Female mice display greater adipose angiogenesis and maintain healthier adipose tissue than do males upon high-fat diet feeding. Through transcriptome analysis of endothelial cells (EC) from the white adipose tissue of male and female mice high-fat-fed for 7 weeks, we found that adipose EC exhibited pronouncedly sex-distinct transcriptomes. Genes upregulated in female adipose EC were associated with proliferation, oxidative phosphorylation, and chromatin remodeling contrasting the dominant enrichment for genes related to inflammation and a senescence-associated secretory of male EC. Similar sex-biased phenotypes of adipose EC were detectable in a dataset of aged EC. The highly proliferative phenotype of female EC was observed also in culture conditions. In turn, male EC displayed greater inflammatory potential than female EC in culture, based on basal and tumor necrosis factor alpha-stimulated patterns of gene expression. Our study provides insights into molecular programs that distinguish male and female EC responses to pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rudnicki
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science & Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Canada,Corresponding author
| | | | - Omid Rezvan
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science & Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eric Rullman
- Department Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet and Department Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aly Fawzy
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science & Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Nwadozi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science & Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emilie Roudier
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science & Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Department Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet and Department Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tara L. Haas
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science & Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Canada,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada,Corresponding author
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13
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Wang Y, Tan J, Wang W, Duan X, Lappe B, Shi L, Yang Y, Shi X. The Association Between Polymorphisms in Cell-Cycle Genes and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Coke Oven Workers. Front Public Health 2022; 10:904856. [PMID: 35865244 PMCID: PMC9294400 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.904856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is a vital component in maintaining normal mitochondrial function. It is affected by environmental and occupational exposures, as well as polymorphisms in nuclear genes. Nonetheless, the specific roles of polymorphisms in cell-cycle genes and mtDNA copy number are still unknown. This study enrolled a sample of 544 coke oven workers and 238 non-exposed controls so as to assess the effect of exposure of coke oven emissions (COEs) and polymorphisms in cell-cycle genes on the mtDNA copy number. We found that the mtDNA copy number in the exposed group (0.60 ± 0.29) was significantly lower than that in the control group (1.03 ± 0.31) (t =18.931, P < 0.001). The analysis of covariance showed that both the rs1801270 (CA+CC) and the rs1059234 (CT+CC) in p21 gene were associated with lower mtDNA copy number in the exposed group (P = 0.001). Generalized linear models indicated COEs-exposure (β = -0.432, P < 0.001) and rs1059234 (CT+CC) in p21 gene (β = -0.060, P = 0.024) were the factors in mtDNA copy number reduction. In conclusion, this study suggests that the decrease of the mtDNA copy number is associated with COEs-exposure and the rs1059234 (CT+CC) in the p21 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiebing Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Duan
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Brooke Lappe
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yongli Yang
| | - Xuezhong Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Xuezhong Shi
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14
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Noer NK, Ørsted M, Schiffer M, Hoffmann AA, Bahrndorff S, Kristensen TN. Into the wild-a field study on the evolutionary and ecological importance of thermal plasticity in ectotherms across temperate and tropical regions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210004. [PMID: 35067088 PMCID: PMC8784925 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how environmental factors affect the thermal tolerance of species is crucial for predicting the impact of thermal stress on species abundance and distribution. To date, species' responses to thermal stress are typically assessed on laboratory-reared individuals and using coarse, low-resolution, climate data that may not reflect microhabitat dynamics at a relevant scale. Here, we examine the daily temporal variation in heat tolerance in a range of species in their natural environments across temperate and tropical Australia. Individuals were collected in their habitats throughout the day and tested for heat tolerance immediately thereafter, while local microclimates were recorded at the collection sites. We found high levels of plasticity in heat tolerance across all the tested species. Both short- and long-term variability of temperature and humidity affected plastic adjustments of heat tolerance within and across days, but with species differences. Our results reveal that plastic changes in heat tolerance occur rapidly at a daily scale and that environmental factors on a relatively short timescale are important drivers of the observed variation in thermal tolerance. Ignoring such fine-scale physiological processes in distribution models might obscure conclusions about species' range shifts with global climate change. This article is part of the theme issue 'Species' ranges in the face of changing environments (part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasja K Noer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg E 9220, Denmark
| | - Michael Ørsted
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Michele Schiffer
- Daintree Rainforest Observatory, James Cook University, Cape Tribulation, Douglas, Queensland 4873, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg E 9220, Denmark.,School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Simon Bahrndorff
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg E 9220, Denmark
| | - Torsten N Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg E 9220, Denmark
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15
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Flanagan BA, Li N, Edmands S. Mitonuclear interactions alter sex-specific longevity in a species without sex chromosomes. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211813. [PMID: 34727715 PMCID: PMC8564613 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial function can lead to senescence and the ageing phenotype. Theory predicts degenerative ageing phenotypes and mitochondrial pathologies may occur more frequently in males due to the matrilineal inheritance pattern of mitochondrial DNA observed in most eukaryotes. Here, we estimated the sex-specific longevity for parental and reciprocal F1 hybrid crosses for inbred lines derived from two allopatric Tigriopus californicus populations with over 20% mitochondrial DNA divergence. T. californicus lacks sex chromosomes allowing for more direct testing of mitochondrial function in sex-specific ageing. To better understand the ageing mechanism, we estimated two age-related phenotypes (mtDNA content and 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) DNA damage) at two time points in the lifespan. Sex differences in lifespan depended on the mitochondrial and nuclear backgrounds, including differences between reciprocal F1 crosses which have different mitochondrial haplotypes on a 50 : 50 nuclear background, with nuclear contributions coming from alternative parents. Young females showed the highest mtDNA content which decreased with age, while DNA damage in males increased with age and exceed that of females 56 days after hatching. The adult sex ratio was male-biased and was attributed to complex mitonuclear interactions. Results thus demonstrate that sex differences in ageing depend on mitonuclear interactions in the absence of sex chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A. Flanagan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF 130, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF 130, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Suzanne Edmands
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF 130, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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16
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Hayes T, López-Martínez G. Resistance and survival to extreme heat shows circadian and sex-specific patterns in A cavity nesting bee. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 1:100020. [PMID: 36003599 PMCID: PMC9387514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2021.100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pollination services provided by insects have been a crucial part of evolution and survival for many species, including humans. For bees to be efficient pollinators they must survive the environmental insults they face daily. Thus, looking into the short- and long-term effects of heat exposure on bee performance provides us with a foundation for investigating how stress can affect insect pollination. Solitary bees are a great model for investigating the effects of environmental stress on pollinators because the vast majority of insect pollinator species are solitary rather than social. One of the most pervasive environmental stressors to insects is temperature. Here we investigated how a one-hour heat shock affected multiple metrics of performance in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata. We found that a short heat shock (1hr at 45°C) can delay adult emergence in males but not females. Bee pupae were rather resilient to a range of high temperature exposures that larvae did not survive. Following heat shock (1hr at 50°C), adult bees were drastically less active than untreated bees, and this reduction in activity was evident over several days. Heat shock also led to a decrease in bee survival and longevity. Additionally, we found a connection between starvation survival after heat shock and time of exposure, where bees exposed in the morning survived longer than those exposed in the afternoon, when they would normally experience heat shock in the field. These data suggest that there is an unexplored daily/circadian component to the stress response in bees likely similar to that seen in flies, nematodes, and plants which is constitutive or preemptive rather than restorative. Taken together our data indicate that single heat shock events have strong potential to negatively impact multiple life history traits correlated with reproduction and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayia Hayes
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Mississippi Valley State University, Itta Bena, MS 38941
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17
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Emerging methods for and novel insights gained by absolute quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number and its clinical applications. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107995. [PMID: 34592204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The past thirty years have seen a surge in interest in pathophysiological roles of mitochondria, and the accurate quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mCN) in cells and tissue samples is a fundamental aspect of assessing changes in mitochondrial health and biogenesis. Quantification of mCN between studies is surprisingly variable due to a combination of physiological variability and diverse protocols being used to measure this endpoint. The advent of novel methods to quantify nucleic acids like digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) and high throughput sequencing offer the ability to measure absolute values of mCN. We conducted an in-depth survey of articles published between 1969 -- 2020 to create an overview of mCN values, to assess consensus values of tissue-specific mCN, and to evaluate consistency between methods of assessing mCN. We identify best practices for methods used to assess mCN, and we address the impact of using specific loci on the mitochondrial genome to determine mCN. Current data suggest that clinical measurement of mCN can provide diagnostic and prognostic value in a range of diseases and health conditions, with emphasis on cancer and cardiovascular disease, and the advent of means to measure absolute mCN should improve future clinical applications of mCN measurements.
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18
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Kane AE, Howlett SE. Sex differences in frailty: Comparisons between humans and preclinical models. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111546. [PMID: 34324923 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Frailty can be viewed as a state of physiological decline that increases susceptibility to adverse health outcomes. This loss of physiological reserve means that even small stressors can lead to disability and death in frail individuals. Frailty can be measured with various clinical tools; the two most popular are the frailty index and the frailty phenotype. Clinical studies have used these tools to show that women are frailer than men even though they have longer lifespans. Still, factors responsible for this frailty-mortality paradox are not well understood. This review highlights evidence for male-female differences in frailty from both the clinical literature and in animal models of frailty. We review evidence for higher frailty levels in female animals as seen in many preclinical models. Mechanisms that may contribute to sex differences in frailty are highlighted. In addition, we review work that suggests frailty may play a role in susceptibility to chronic diseases of aging in a sex-specific fashion. Additional mechanistic studies in preclinical models are needed to understand factors involved in male-female differences in frailty in late life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Kane
- Blavatnik Institute, Dept. of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Susan E Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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19
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Duran-Ortiz S, List EO, Basu R, Kopchick JJ. Extending lifespan by modulating the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis: coming of age. Pituitary 2021; 24:438-456. [PMID: 33459974 PMCID: PMC8122064 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-020-01117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progress made in the years of aging research have allowed the opportunity to explore potential interventions to slow aging and extend healthy lifespan. Studies performed in yeast, worms, flies and mice subjected to genetic and pharmacological interventions have given insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with longevity. Furthermore, it is now possible to effectively modulate pathways that slow aging at different stages of life (early life or at an adult age). Interestingly, interventions that extend longevity in adult mice have had sex-specific success, suggesting a potential link between particular pathways that modulate aging and sex. For example, reduction of the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis at an adult age extends lifespan preferentially in females. Moreover, several postnatal dietary interventions tested by the 'Intervention Testing Program (ITP)' from the National Institute of Aging (NIA) have shown that while pharmacological interventions like rapamycin affect the IGF-1/insulin pathway and preferentially extend lifespan in females; dietary compounds that target other cellular pathways are effective only in male mice-indicating mutually exclusive sex-specific pathways. Therefore, a combination of interventions that target non-overlapping aging-related pathways appears to be an effective approach to further extend healthy lifespan in both sexes. Here, we review the germline and postnatal mouse lines that target the GH/IGF-1 axis as a mechanism to extend longevity as well as the dietary compounds that tested positive in the NIA program to increase lifespan. We believe that the interventions reviewed in this paper could constitute feasible combinations for an extended healthy lifespan in both male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Duran-Ortiz
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, USA
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, USA
| | - Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
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20
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Genotype and Trait Specific Responses to Rapamycin Intake in Drosophila melanogaster. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050474. [PMID: 34065203 PMCID: PMC8161023 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Rapamycin is commonly used as an immunosuppressant, but also as an anti-aging medicine. Despite its widespread use, results suggest that there is large variability in drug efficiency among patients, and limited knowledge exists about potential side-effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of rapamycin using the common fruit fly as model organism. Six genetically distinct lines were exposed to rapamycin, and the phenotypic consequence on fecundity, longevity and heat stress tolerance was quantified. Flies exposed to rapamycin had increased longevity and heat stress tolerance, however a side effect in the form of decreased fecundity was also observed. Our data clearly show that the costs and benefits of rapamycin treatment is strongly genotype dependent. These observations are important as they imply that a ‘one size fits all’ approach when it comes to rapamycin treatment is not advisable. Future studies should address the underlying genetic component that drive the drug response variability. Abstract Rapamycin is a powerful inhibitor of the TOR (Target of Rapamycin) pathway, which is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase, that plays a central role in plants and animals. Rapamycin is used globally as an immunosuppressant and as an anti-aging medicine. Despite widespread use, treatment efficiency varies considerably across patients, and little is known about potential side effects. Here we seek to investigate the effects of rapamycin by using Drosophila melanogaster as model system. Six isogenic D. melanogaster lines were assessed for their fecundity, male longevity and male heat stress tolerance with or without rapamycin treatment. The results showed increased longevity and heat stress tolerance for male flies treated with rapamycin. Conversely, the fecundity of rapamycin-exposed individuals was lower than for flies from the non-treated group, suggesting unwanted side effects of the drug in D. melanogaster. We found strong evidence for genotype-by-treatment interactions suggesting that a ‘one size fits all’ approach when it comes to treatment with rapamycin is not recommendable. The beneficial responses to rapamycin exposure for stress tolerance and longevity are in agreement with previous findings, however, the unexpected effects on reproduction are worrying and need further investigation and question common believes that rapamycin constitutes a harmless drug.
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21
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Nymberg P, Memon AA, Sundquist J, Sundquist K, Zöller B. Mitochondria-DNA copy-number and incident venous thromboembolism among middle-aged women: a population-based cohort study. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 52:148-157. [PMID: 33856658 PMCID: PMC8282550 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-021-02446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cardiovascular disease. Low amount of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) has been associated with arterial cardiovascular disease (CVD) and reflects mitochondrial dysfunctions. However, whether mtDNA-CN is associated with VTE has not been determined. To examine the association between mtDNA-CN and incident VTE among middle-aged women. 6917 women aged 50-64 years, followed for 20 years in the Women's Health In the Lund Area (WHILA) study. DNA samples for mtDNA quantification were available from 2521 women. Quantification of mtDNA-CN was performed using a well-optimized droplet digital PCR method. After exclusions of women with anticoagulant treatment, women living in nursing homes, and women who were diagnosed with cancer, stroke, VTE, or coronary heart disease at baseline, a cohort of 2117 women remained for analysis. Cox regression was used to analyze the relationship between mtDNA-CN and time to VTE (hazard ratio = HR). In total, 87 women were diagnosed with VTE during follow-up, corresponding to an incidence rate of 2.8 per 1000 person-years. Neither crude nor adjusted HR for mtDNA-CN were significantly associated with incident VTE. A sensitivity analysis with inclusion of excluded women did not change the results. MtDNA-CN was not significantly associated with VTE. The present study suggests that mtDNA-CN, reflecting mitochondrial dysfunction, should not be considered a biomarker that plays a major role for developing VTE. However, due to limited study size we may not exclude minor associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nymberg
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Ashfaque A Memon
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bengt Zöller
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
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22
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Duan X, Yang Y, Zhang H, Liu B, Wei W, Wang L, Sun C, Yao W, Cui L, Zhou X, Wang W. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure, miRNA genetic variations, and associated leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number: A cross-sectional study in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125773. [PMID: 31911328 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria DNA was preferentially attacked by the exogenous carcinogens including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) relative to nuclear DNA, and nuclear gene variants may account for variability in the mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn). However, it remains unclear whether miRNA genetic variations are associated with mitochondrial DNA damage in the PAH-exposed workers. Therefore, we measured the leukocyte mtDNAcn, urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPYR), environmental PAH exposure, and miRNA genetic polymorphisms among 544 coke oven workers and 238 healthy control participants. We found that the mtDNAcn in the exposure group (0.60 ± 0.29) was significantly lower than that in the control group (1.03 ± 0.31) (t = 18.931, P < 0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the peripheral blood leukocyte mtDNAcn had significantly negative correlations with the levels of 1-OHPYR and environmental PAH exposure (P < 0.001). Covariance analysis indicated that miR-210 rs11246190 AA, miR-210 rs7395206 CC, and miR-126 rs2297538 GG probably promoted a decrease in leukocyte mtDNAcn in the exposure or control groups (P < 0.05). In generalized linear model, miR-210 rs11246190 GG was a protective factor of mtDNAcn, and environmental PAH exposure was the risk factor of the mtDNAcn. In conclusion, the decrease of leukocyte mtDNAcn is the result of a combination of environmental and genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China; Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wan Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Liuya Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Liuxin Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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23
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Bevers RPJ, Litovchenko M, Kapopoulou A, Braman VS, Robinson MR, Auwerx J, Hollis B, Deplancke B. Mitochondrial haplotypes affect metabolic phenotypes in the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel. Nat Metab 2019; 1:1226-1242. [PMID: 32694676 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The nature and extent of mitochondrial DNA variation in a population and how it affects traits is poorly understood. Here we resequence the mitochondrial genomes of 169 Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel lines, identifying 231 variants that stratify along 12 mitochondrial haplotypes. We identify 1,845 cases of mitonuclear allelic imbalances, thus implying that mitochondrial haplotypes are reflected in the nuclear genome. However, no major fitness effects are associated with mitonuclear imbalance, suggesting that such imbalances reflect population structure at the mitochondrial level rather than genomic incompatibilities. Although mitochondrial haplotypes have no direct impact on mitochondrial respiration, some haplotypes are associated with stress- and metabolism-related phenotypes, including food intake in males. Finally, through reciprocal swapping of mitochondrial genomes, we demonstrate that a mitochondrial haplotype associated with high food intake can rescue a low food intake phenotype. Together, our findings provide new insight into population structure at the mitochondrial level and point to the importance of incorporating mitochondrial haplotypes in genotype-phenotype relationship studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel P J Bevers
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Genomics England, London, UK
| | - Maria Litovchenko
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adamandia Kapopoulou
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Virginie S Braman
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthew R Robinson
- Complex Trait Genetics Group, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brian Hollis
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Bordoni L, Smerilli V, Nasuti C, Gabbianelli R. Mitochondrial DNA methylation and copy number predict body composition in a young female population. J Transl Med 2019; 17:399. [PMID: 31779622 PMCID: PMC6883616 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since both genomic and environmental factors are involved in obesity etiology, several studies about the influence of adiposity on both nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA methylation patterns have been carried out. Nevertheless, few evidences exploring the usage of buccal swab samples to study mitochondrial DNA epigenetics can be found in literature. Methods In this study, mitochondrial DNA from buccal swabs collected from a young Caucasian population (n = 69) have been used to examine potential correlation between mitochondrial DNA copy number and methylation with body composition (BMI, WHtR and bioimpedance measurements). Results A negative correlation between mitochondrial DNA copy number and BMI was measured in females (p = 0.028), but not in males. The mean percentage of D-loop methylation is significantly higher in overweight than in lean female subjects (p = 0.003), and a specific CpG located in the D-loop shows per se an association with impaired body composition (p = 0.004). Body composition impairment is predicted by a combined variable including mtDNA copy number and the D-loop methylation (AUC = 0.785; p = 0.009). Conclusions This study corroborates the hypothesis that mitochondrial DNA carries relevant information about body composition. However, wider investigations able to validate the usage of mtDNA methylation from buccal swabs as a biomarker are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Vanessa Smerilli
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Cinzia Nasuti
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy.
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