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Foulquier A, Datry T, Corti R, von Schiller D, Tockner K, Stubbington R, Gessner MO, Boyer F, Ohlmann M, Thuiller W, Rioux D, Miquel C, Albariño R, Allen DC, Altermatt F, Arce MI, Arnon S, Banas D, Banegas-Medina A, Beller E, Blanchette ML, Blessing J, Boëchat IG, Boersma K, Bogan M, Bonada N, Bond N, Brintrup K, Bruder A, Burrows R, Cancellario T, Canhoto C, Carlson S, Cid N, Cornut J, Danger M, de Freitas Terra B, De Girolamo AM, Del Campo R, Díaz Villanueva V, Dyer F, Elosegi A, Febria C, Figueroa Jara R, Four B, Gafny S, Gómez R, Gómez-Gener L, Guareschi S, Gücker B, Hwan J, Jones JI, Kubheka PS, Laini A, Langhans SD, Launay B, Le Goff G, Leigh C, Little C, Lorenz S, Marshall J, Martin Sanz EJ, McIntosh A, Mendoza-Lera C, Meyer EI, Miliša M, Mlambo MC, Morais M, Moya N, Negus P, Niyogi D, Pagán I, Papatheodoulou A, Pappagallo G, Pardo I, Pařil P, Pauls SU, Polášek M, Rodríguez-Lozano P, Rolls RJ, Sánchez-Montoya MM, Savić A, Shumilova O, Sridhar KR, Steward A, Taleb A, Uzan A, Valladares Y, Vander Vorste R, Waltham NJ, Zak DH, Zoppini A. Unravelling large-scale patterns and drivers of biodiversity in dry rivers. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7233. [PMID: 39174521 PMCID: PMC11341732 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
More than half of the world's rivers dry up periodically, but our understanding of the biological communities in dry riverbeds remains limited. Specifically, the roles of dispersal, environmental filtering and biotic interactions in driving biodiversity in dry rivers are poorly understood. Here, we conduct a large-scale coordinated survey of patterns and drivers of biodiversity in dry riverbeds. We focus on eight major taxa, including microorganisms, invertebrates and plants: Algae, Archaea, Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, Arthropods, Nematodes and Streptophyta. We use environmental DNA metabarcoding to assess biodiversity in dry sediments collected over a 1-year period from 84 non-perennial rivers across 19 countries on four continents. Both direct factors, such as nutrient and carbon availability, and indirect factors such as climate influence the local biodiversity of most taxa. Limited resource availability and prolonged dry phases favor oligotrophic microbial taxa. Co-variation among taxa, particularly Bacteria, Fungi, Algae and Protozoa, explain more spatial variation in community composition than dispersal or environmental gradients. This finding suggests that biotic interactions or unmeasured ecological and evolutionary factors may strongly influence communities during dry phases, altering biodiversity responses to global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Foulquier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France.
| | - Thibault Datry
- INRAE, UR RiverLY, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Roland Corti
- INRAE, UR RiverLY, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Daniel von Schiller
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klement Tockner
- Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Department of BioSciences, Frankfurt aM, Germany
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt aM, Germany
| | - Rachel Stubbington
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark O Gessner
- Berlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Frédéric Boyer
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Ohlmann
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Delphine Rioux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Christian Miquel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Daniel C Allen
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University Park, USA
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Isabel Arce
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, Stechlin, Germany
- University of Murcia, Department of Ecology and Hydrology, Murcia, Spain
| | - Shai Arnon
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Negev, Israel
| | - Damien Banas
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, Nancy, France
| | - Andy Banegas-Medina
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras-Tecnológico Danli, Laboratory of Biology, Department of Sciences, Carretera Panamericana, frente Hospital Regional, El Paraíso, Danlí, Honduras
| | - Erin Beller
- Real Estate and Workplace Services Sustainability Team, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Melanie L Blanchette
- Mine Water and Environment Research Centre (MiWER), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Joanna Blessing
- Queensland Government, Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Iola Gonçalves Boëchat
- Department of Geosciences, Campus Tancredo Neves, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Kate Boersma
- University of San Diego, Department of Biology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bogan
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Núria Bonada
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Avda Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nick Bond
- Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Wodonga, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Brintrup
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Andreas Bruder
- SUPSI, Institute of Microbiology, Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | - Ryan Burrows
- The School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Burnley Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tommaso Cancellario
- Balearic Biodiversity Centre, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Cristina Canhoto
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Núria Cid
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Avda Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Spain
- IRTA Marine and Continental Waters Programme, La Ràpita, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Julien Cornut
- Université de Lorraine, LIEC UMR CNRS 7360, Metz, France
| | - Michael Danger
- Université de Lorraine, LIEC UMR CNRS 7360, Metz, France
| | - Bianca de Freitas Terra
- Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Campus Betânia, Brazil
| | - Anna Maria De Girolamo
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Area della Ricerca RM1, via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Rubén Del Campo
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Ecology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Fiona Dyer
- University of Canberra, Centre for Applied Water Science, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Arturo Elosegi
- University of the Basque Country (UPV, EHU), Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Catherine Febria
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research and Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Ricardo Figueroa Jara
- Universidad de Concepción, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro EULA, Barrio Universitario, Centro EULA, Concepción, Chile
| | - Brian Four
- Université de Corse, UAR 3514 CNRS Stella Mare, Biguglia, France
| | - Sarig Gafny
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Michmoret, Israel
| | - Rosa Gómez
- University of Murcia, Department of Ecology and Hydrology, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lluís Gómez-Gener
- Centre for Research on Ecology and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Campus de Bellaterra (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simone Guareschi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Björn Gücker
- Department of Geosciences, Campus Tancredo Neves, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Jason Hwan
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Ontario, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Alex Laini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Bertrand Launay
- INRAE, UR RiverLY, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Le Goff
- INRAE, UR RiverLY, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Leigh
- Biosciences and Food Technology Discipline, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Chelsea Little
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Stefan Lorenz
- Julius-Kühn-Institute, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Königin-Luise-Straße 19, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Marshall
- Queensland Government, Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Eduardo J Martin Sanz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Angus McIntosh
- University of Canterbury, School of Biological Sciences, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Clara Mendoza-Lera
- iES, RPTU,University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Forstrstr. 7, Landau, Germany
| | - Elisabeth I Meyer
- University of Münster, Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Münster, Germany
| | - Marko Miliša
- Division of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Musa C Mlambo
- Department of Freshwater Invertebrates, Albany Museum, Makhanda (Grahamstown), Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Manuela Morais
- Water Laboratory, University of Évora, P.I.T.E, Rua da Barba Rala No. 1, 7005-345, Évora, Portugal
| | - Nabor Moya
- Instituto Experimental de Biología, Universidad San Francisco Xavier, Calle Dalence N° 235, Sucre, Bolivia
| | - Peter Negus
- Queensland Government, Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dev Niyogi
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Iluminada Pagán
- Asociación Meles, Plaza de las Américas, 13, 2B, Alhama de Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Giuseppe Pappagallo
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Area della Ricerca RM1, via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabel Pardo
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Petr Pařil
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Steffen U Pauls
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marek Polášek
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Robert J Rolls
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Mar Sánchez-Montoya
- Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Savić
- University of Niš, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, Niš, Serbia
| | - Oleksandra Shumilova
- Department of Evolutionary and Integrative Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kandikere R Sridhar
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Alisha Steward
- Queensland Government, Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Avi Uzan
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yefrin Valladares
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Biología, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Boulevard Suyapa, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Ross Vander Vorste
- University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, Biology Department, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Nathan J Waltham
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Bebegu Yumba Campus, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Dominik H Zak
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Annamaria Zoppini
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Area della Ricerca RM1, via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
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Wang L, Hu T, Li Y, Zhao Z, Zhu M. Unraveling the interplay between antibiotic resistance genes and microbial communities in water and sediments of the intensive tidal flat aquaculture. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 339:122734. [PMID: 37838320 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Tidal flats are formed valuably resources by the interaction of terrestrial and marine processes. Aquaculture on tidal flats has brought significant economic profits, but the over usage of antibiotics has resulted in the prevalence antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) which pose serious threats to ecosystems. However, ARG abundances and bacterial community assemblies in the overlying water and sediments of tidal flat aquaculture areas have not been fully explored. Thus, antibiotic concentrations, ARG abundances, microbial communities and the influences of environmental factors in the Jiangsu tidal flat aquaculture ponds were investigated using high-throughput sequencing and qPCR. The concentrations of antibiotics at sampling ranged from not detectable to 2322.4 ng g-1, and sulfamethazine and ciprofloxacin were the dominant antibiotics. The sul1 and sul2 abundances were highest and the ARG abundances were higher in sediment than in water. Meanwhile, bacterial community diversities and structures were significantly different (P < 0.05) between water and sediment samples. Network analysis identified Sphingomonadacear, Pseudomonas, and Xanthobacteraceae as potential ARG-carrying pathogens. A positive correlation between ARGs and intI1 indicated that horizontal gene transfer occurred in water, while antibiotics and TN significantly influenced ARG abundances in sediment. Neutral modeling showed that deterministic and stochastic processes contributed most to the bacterial community assemblies of water and sediment samples, respectively. This study comprehensively illustrates the prevalence of ARGs in intensive tidal flat aquaculture regions and provides an effective foundation for the management of antibiotics usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqiong Wang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Hu
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhe Zhao
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjie Zhu
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, China
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3
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Fu D, Wu H, Wang Z, Huang S, Zheng Z. Effects of microplastics/nanoplastics on Vallisneria natans roots and sediment: Size effect, enzymology, and microbial communities. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140052. [PMID: 37660790 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics/nanoplastics (MNPs) pollution in different environmental media and its adverse effects on organisms have received increasing attention from researchers. This paper compares the effects of natural concentrations of three different sizes (20 nm, 200 nm, and 2 μm) of MNPs on Vallisneria natans and sediments. MNPs with smaller sizes adhere more readily to V. natans roots, further promoting root elongation. In addition, the larger the particle size of MNPs, the higher the reactive oxygen species level in the roots, and the malondialdehyde level increased accordingly. In the sediment, 20 nm, and 200 nm MNPs increased the activity of related enzymes, including acid phosphatase, urease, and nitrate reductase. In addition, the dehydrogenase content in the treated sediments increased, and the content changes were positively correlated with the size of MNPs. Changes in microorganisms were only observed on the root surface. The addition of MNPs reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria and increased the abundance of Chloroflexi. In addition, at the class level of species composition on the root surface, the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria under the 20 nm, 200 nm, and 2 μm MNP treatments decreased by 21.19%, 16.14%, and 17.03%, respectively, compared with the control group, while the abundance of Anaerolineae increased by 44.63%, 26.31%, and 62.52%, respectively. These findings enhance the understanding of the size effects of MNPs on the roots of submerged plants and sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danliang Fu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Hanqi Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Zhikai Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Suzhen Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
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Li C, Miao L, Adyel TM, Wu J, Hou J. Transformation of Biofilm to Carbon Sinks after Prolonged Droughts Linked with Algal Biodiversity Change. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15487-15498. [PMID: 37807898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change significantly increased the duration of droughts in intermittent rivers, impacting benthic microbial-mediated biogeochemical processes. However, the impact of prolonged droughts on the carbon contribution of intermittent rivers remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of varying drought gradients (ranging from 20 to 130 days) on benthic biofilms community structure (algae, bacteria, and fungi) and their carbon metabolism functions (ecosystem metabolism and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission fluxes) using mesocosm experiments. Our findings indicate that longer drought durations lead to reduced alpha diversity and community heterogeneity, tighter interdomain networks, and an increased role of stochastic processes in community assembly, with a discernible threshold at around 60 days. Concurrently, the biofilm transforms into a carbon sink following a drought period of 60 days, as evidenced by the transformation of CO2 emission fluxes from 633.25 ± 194.69 to -349.61 ± 277.79 mg m-2 h-1. Additionally, the partial least-squares path model revealed that the resilience of algal communities and network stability may drive biofilm's transformation into a carbon sink, primarily through the heightened resilience of autotrophic metabolism. This study underscores the significance of the carbon contribution from intermittent rivers, as the shift in carbon metabolism functions with increasing droughts could lead to skewed estimations of current riverine carbon fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Tanveer M Adyel
- STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, SA, Australia
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
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Mukhtar H, Wunderlich RF, Muzaffar A, Ansari A, Shipin OV, Cao TND, Lin YP. Soil microbiome feedback to climate change and options for mitigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163412. [PMID: 37059149 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbes are a critical component of soil ecosystems, performing crucial functions in biogeochemical cycling, carbon sequestration, and plant health. However, it remains uncertain how their community structure, functioning, and resultant nutrient cycling, including net GHG fluxes, would respond to climate change at different scales. Here, we review global and regional climate change effects on soil microbial community structure and functioning, as well as the climate-microbe feedback and plant-microbe interactions. We also synthesize recent studies on climate change impacts on terrestrial nutrient cycles and GHG fluxes across different climate-sensitive ecosystems. It is generally assumed that climate change factors (e.g., elevated CO2 and temperature) will have varying impacts on the microbial community structure (e.g., fungi-to-bacteria ratio) and their contribution toward nutrient turnover, with potential interactions that may either enhance or mitigate each other's effects. Such climate change responses, however, are difficult to generalize, even within an ecosystem, since they are subjected to not only a strong regional influence of current ambient environmental and edaphic conditions, historical exposure to fluctuations, and time horizon but also to methodological choices (e.g., network construction). Finally, the potential of chemical intrusions and emerging tools, such as genetically engineered plants and microbes, as mitigation strategies against global change impacts, particularly for agroecosystems, is presented. In a rapidly evolving field, this review identifies the knowledge gaps complicating assessments and predictions of microbial climate responses and hindering the development of effective mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussnain Mukhtar
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Andrianto Ansari
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Oleg V Shipin
- School of Environmental Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
| | - Thanh Ngoc-Dan Cao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pin Lin
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
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Li C, Miao L, Adyel TM, Huang W, Wang J, Wu J, Hou J, Wang Z. Eukaryotes contribute more than bacteria to the recovery of freshwater ecosystem functions under different drought durations. Environ Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 36916068 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change mostly impacts river ecosystems by affecting microbial biodiversity and ecological functions. Considering the high functional redundancy of microorganisms, the unknown relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions obstructs river ecological research, especially under the influence of increasing weather extremes, such as in intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES). Herein, dry-wet alternation experiments were conducted in artificial stream channels for 25 and 90 days of drought, both followed by 20 days of rewetting. The dynamic recovery of microbial biodiversity and ecosystem functions (represented by ecosystem metabolism and denitrification rate) were determined to analyse biodiversity-ecosystem-function (BEF) relationships after different drought durations. There was a significant difference between bacterial and eukaryotic biodiversity recovery after drought. Eukaryotic biodiversity was more sensitive to drought duration than bacterial, and the eukaryotic network was more stable under dry-wet alternations. Based on the establishment of partial least squares path models, we found that eukaryotic biodiversity has a stronger effect on ecosystem functions than bacteria after long-term drought. Indeed, this work represents a significant step forward for further research on the ecosystem functions of IRES, especially emphasizing the importance of eukaryotic biodiversity in the BEF relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tanveer M Adyel
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, 5095, Mawson, Australia
| | - Wei Huang
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, 100038, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, National Energy Administration, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Water Resources, 210029, Nanjing, China
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Miao L, Li C, Adyel TM, Huang W, Wu J, Yu Y, Hou J. Effects of the Desiccation Duration on the Dynamic Responses of Biofilm Metabolic Activities to Rewetting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1828-1836. [PMID: 36637413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Global climate changes have increased the duration and frequency of river flow interruption, affecting the physical and community structure of benthic biofilms. However, the dynamic responses of biofilm metabolism during the dry-wet transition remain poorly understood. Herein, the dynamic changes in biofilm metabolic activities were investigated through mesocosm experiments under short-term (25 day) and long-term drought (90 day), followed by a 20 day rewetting. The biofilm ecosystem metabolism, as measured by gross primary production and community respiration, was significantly inhibited and turned heterotrophic during the desiccation phase and then recovered, becoming autotrophic during the rewetting period regardless of the desiccation periods due to the high resilience of the autotrophic community. However, long-term drought decreased the recovery rate of the ecosystem metabolism and also caused irreparable damage to the biofilm carbon metabolism, measured using Biolog Eco Plates. Specifically, the recovery of the total carbon metabolic activity is related to the specific carbon source utilized by biofilm microorganisms, such as polymers, carbohydrates, and carboxylic acids. However, the divergent changes of amino acids caused the failure of the total carbon metabolism in long-term drought treatments to recover to the control level even after 20 days of rewetting. This research provides direct evidence that the increased duration of non-flow periods affects biofilm-mediated carbon biogeochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoran Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Tanveer M Adyel
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Wei Huang
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
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Gong X, Chen Z, Deng Y, Zhao D, Gao P, Zhang L, Tu Q, Qu L, Zheng L, Zhang Y, Song C, Liu J. Contrasting archaeal and bacterial community assembly processes and the importance of rare taxa along a depth gradient in shallow coastal sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158411. [PMID: 36055486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine microbial communities assemble along a sediment depth gradient and are responsible for processing organic matter. Composition of the microbial community along the depth is affected by various biotic and abiotic factors, e.g., the change of redox gradient, the availability of organic matter, and the interactions of different taxa. The community structure is also subjected to some random changes caused by stochastic processes of birth, death, immigration and emigration. However, the high-resolution shifts of microbial community and mechanisms of the vertical assembly processes in marine sediments remain poorly described. Archaeal and bacterial communities were analyzed based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metagenomes in the Bohai Sea sediment samples. The archaeal community was dominated by Thaumarchaeota with increased alpha diversity along depth. Proteobacteria was the dominant bacterial group with decreased alpha diversity as depth increased. Sampling sites and depths collectively affected the beta-diversity for both archaeal and bacterial communities. The dominant mechanism determining archaeal community assembly was determinism, which was mostly contributed by homogeneous selection, i.e., consistent selection pressures in different locations or depths. In contrast, bacterial community assembly was dominated by stochasticity. Co-occurrence networks among different taxa and key functional genes revealed a tight community with low modularity in the bottom sediment, and disproportionately more interactions among low abundant ASVs. This suggests a significant contribution to community stabilization by rare taxa, and suggests that the bottom layer, rather than surface sediments may represent a hotspot for benthic microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Gong
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA.
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100085, China
| | - Duo Zhao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Ping Gao
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Qichao Tu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Lingyun Qu
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Liwen Zheng
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Chao Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jihua Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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Yang J, Wang S, Su W, Yu Q, Wang X, Han Q, Zheng Y, Qu J, Li X, Li H. Animal Activities of the Key Herbivore Plateau Pika ( Ochotona curzoniae) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Affect Grassland Microbial Networks and Ecosystem Functions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:950811. [PMID: 35875528 PMCID: PMC9298508 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.950811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) are high-altitude model animals and famous "ecosystem engineers" on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Pika activities may accelerate the degradation of alpine meadows. Nevertheless, little is known about the responses of bacterial, fungal, and archaeal communities, and ecosystem multifunctionality to pika perturbations. To address this question, we studied the impacts of only pika disturbance and combined disturbance (pika disturbance and grazing) on ecological networks of soil microbial communities and ecosystem multifunctionality. Our results demonstrated that Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, and Crenarchaeota were dominant in bacteria, fungi, and archaea, respectively. Bacteria, fungi, and archaea were all influenced by the combined disturbance of grazing and pika. Most fungal communities became convergent, while bacterial and archaeal communities became differentiated during the succession of surface types. In particular, the bacterial and fungal networks were less stable than archaeal networks. In response to the interference, cross-domain cooperation between bacterial and fungal communities increased, while competitive interactions between bacterial and archaeal communities increased. Pika disturbance at high intensity significantly reduced the ecosystem multifunctionality. However, the mixed effects of grazing and pika weakened such influences. This study revealed how pika activities affected microbial networks and ecosystem multifunctionality. These results provide insights to designing reasonable ecological management strategies for alpine grassland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sijie Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wanghong Su
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiaoling Yu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Han
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuting Zheng
- Changsha Central South Forestry Survey Planning and Design Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Jiapeng Qu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Region, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Xiangzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Flow Intermittency Affects Leaf Decomposition and Benthic Consumer Communities of Alpine Streams: A Case Study along the Po River. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Streams and rivers are becoming increasingly intermittent in Alpine regions due to the global climate change and related increases of local water abstractions, making it fundamental to investigate the occurrence of supraseasonal drying events and their correlated effects. We aimed to investigate leaf litter decomposition, the C:N ratio of the litter, and changes in associated macroinvertebrate communities in three reaches of the Po River: One upstream, consistently perennial, a perennial mid-reach with high hydrological variability, and an intermittent downstream reach. We placed leaf litter bags of two leaf types—chestnut and oak; both showed comparable decomposition rates, but the remaining litter mass was different and was attributed to the C:N ratio and palatability. Furthermore, (1) in perennial reaches, leaf litter decomposed faster than in the intermittent ones; (2) in intermittent reaches, the C:N ratio showed a decreasing trend in both leaf types, indicating that drying affected the nitrogen consumption, therefore the conditioning phase; (3) associated macroinvertebrate communities were richer and more stable in perennial reaches, where a higher richness and abundance of EPT taxa and shredders was observed. Our results suggest that the variations in the hydrology of mountain streams caused by global climate change could significantly impact on functional processes and biodiversity of benthic communities.
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11
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Schreckinger J, Mutz M, Mendoza-Lera C, Frossard A. Attributes of Drying Define the Structure and Functioning of Microbial Communities in Temperate Riverbed Sediment. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:676615. [PMID: 34194411 PMCID: PMC8236957 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.676615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined effects of climate change and increasing anthropogenic water demand have increased and extended dry period occurrences in rivers worldwide. Riverbed drying can significantly affect sediment microorganisms, crucial drivers of biogeochemical processes in lotic systems. In this study, we evaluated how sediment bacterial and fungal community structure and composition (based on 16S rRNA gene and ITS metabarcoding) and microbial functions (community respiration and extracellular enzymatic activities) respond to different riverbed drying intensities over 90 days. Riverbed sediment collected in a flowing reach of the Spree river in northeastern Germany was dried under different rates in outdoor mesocosms during the summer months of 2018. Our results demonstrate that drying attributes (duration and intensity) and sediment organic matter (OM) content play a crucial role in sediment microbial community assembly and functioning throughout drying. Milder drying surprisingly triggered a more rapid and drastic change in the microbial community composition and diversity. After 90 days of drying, Bacilli (Firmicutes) became the dominant bacterial class in most treatments, except in sediments with low OM content under the most severe drying treatment. Fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from Dothideomycetes (Ascomycota) had by far the highest relative abundance in all our treatments at the end of the drying experiment, making up 65.1% to 94.0% of the fungal reads. CO2 fluxes, a proxy for sediment community respiration, were rapidly and strongly affected by drying in all treatments. Our results imply that even short riverbed drying periods are likely to have significant consequences for the biogeochemical dynamics in recently formed non-perennial temperate rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Schreckinger
- Department of Freshwater Conservation, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Michael Mutz
- Department of Freshwater Conservation, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Clara Mendoza-Lera
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Koblenz-Landau University, Landau, Germany
| | - Aline Frossard
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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12
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Pinto R, Weigelhofer G, Brito AG, Hein T. Effects of dry-wet cycles on nitrous oxide emissions in freshwater sediments: a synthesis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10767. [PMID: 33614277 PMCID: PMC7883693 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sediments frequently exposed to dry-wet cycles are potential biogeochemical hotspots for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during dry, wet and transitional phases. While the effects of drying and rewetting on carbon fluxes have been studied extensively in terrestrial and aquatic systems, less is known about the effects of dry-wet cycles on N2O emissions from aquatic systems. As a notable part of lotic systems are temporary, and small lentic systems can substantially contribute to GHG emissions, dry-wet cycles in these ecosystems can play a major role on N2O emissions. Methodology This study compiles literature focusing on the effects of drying, rewetting, flooding, and water level fluctuations on N2O emissions and related biogeochemical processes in sediments of lentic and lotic ecosystems. Results N2O pulses were observed following sediment drying and rewetting events. Moreover, exposed sediments during dry phases can be active spots for N2O emissions. The general mechanisms behind N2O emissions during dry-wet cycles are comparable to those of soils and are mainly related to physical mechanisms and enhanced microbial processing in lotic and lentic systems. Physical processes driving N2O emissions are mainly regulated by water fluctuations in the sediment. The period of enhanced microbial activity is driven by increased nutrient availability. Higher processing rates and N2O fluxes have been mainly observed when nitrification and denitrification are coupled, under conditions largely determined by O2 availability. Conclusions The studies evidence the driving role of dry-wet cycles leading to temporarily high N2O emissions in sediments from a wide array of aquatic habitats. Peak fluxes appear to be of short duration, however, their relevance for global emission estimates as well as N2O emissions from dry inland waters has not been quantified. Future research should address the temporal development during drying-rewetting phases in more detail, capturing rapid flux changes at early stages, and further explore the functional impacts of the frequency and intensity of dry-wet cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Pinto
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Lisbon, Portugal.,University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Vienna, Austria.,WasserCluster Lunz GmbH -Inter-university Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Gabriele Weigelhofer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Vienna, Austria.,WasserCluster Lunz GmbH -Inter-university Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - António Guerreiro Brito
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Thomas Hein
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Vienna, Austria.,WasserCluster Lunz GmbH -Inter-university Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Lunz am See, Austria
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Gionchetta G, Oliva F, Romaní AM, Bañeras L. Hydrological variations shape diversity and functional responses of streambed microbes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136838. [PMID: 32018979 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbiota inhabiting the intermittent streambeds mediates several in-stream processes that are essential for ecosystem function. Reduced stream discharge caused by the strengthened intermittency and increased duration of the dry phase is a spreading global response to changes in climate. Here, the impacts of a 5-month desiccation, one-week rewetting and punctual storms, which interrupted the dry period, were examined. The genomic composition of total (DNA) and active (RNA) diversity, and the community level physiological profiles (CLPP) were considered as proxies for functional diversity to describe both prokaryotes and eukaryotes inhabiting the surface and hyporheic streambeds. Comparisons between the genomic and potential functional responses helped to understand how and whether the microbial diversity was sensitive to the environmental conditions and resource acquisition, such as water stress and extracellular enzyme activities, respectively. RNA expression showed the strongest relationship with the environmental conditions and resource acquisition, being more responsive to changing conditions compared to DNA diversity, especially in the case of prokaryotes. The DNA results presumably reflected the legacy of the treatments because inactive, dormant, or dead cells were included, suggesting a slow microbial biomass turnover or responses of the microbial communities to changes mainly through physiological acclimation. On the other hand, microbial functional diversity was largely explained by resources acquisition, such as metrics of extracellular enzymes, and appeared vulnerable to the hydrological changes and duration of desiccation. The data highlight the need to improve the functional assessment of stream ecosystems with the application of complementary metrics to better describe the streambed microbial dynamics under dry-rewet stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gionchetta
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - F Oliva
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A M Romaní
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - L Bañeras
- Molecular Microbial Ecology Group, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
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