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Kumar P, Rajan R, Upadhyaya K, Behl G, Xiang XX, Huo P, Liu B. Metal oxide nanomaterials based electrochemical and optical biosensors for biomedical applications: Recent advances and future prospectives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 247:118002. [PMID: 38151147 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The amalgamation of nanostructures with modern electrochemical and optical techniques gave rise to interesting devices, so-called biosensors. A biosensor is an analytical tool that incorporates various biomolecules with an appropriate physicochemical transducer. Over the past few years, metal oxide nanomaterials (MONMs) have significantly stimulated biosensing research due to their desired functionalities, versatile chemical stability, and low cost along with their unique optical, catalytic, electrical, and adsorption properties that provide an attractive platform for linking the biomolecules, for example, antibodies, nucleic acids, enzymes, and receptor proteins as sensing elements with the transducer for the detection of signals or signal amplifications. The signals to be measured are in direct proportionate to the concentration of the bioanalyte. Because of their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, portability, quick analysis, higher sensitivity, and selectivity against a broad range of biosamples, MONMs-based electrochemical and optical biosensing platforms are exhaustively explored as powerful early-diagnosis tools for point of care applications. Herein, we made a bibliometric analysis of past twenty years (2004-2023) on the application of MONMs as electrochemical and optical biosensing units using Web of Science database and the results of which clearly reveal the increasing number of publications since 2004. Geographical area distribution analysis of these publications shows that China tops the list followed by the United States of America and India. In this review, we first describe the electrochemical and optical properties of MONMs that are crucial for the creation of extremely stable, specific, and sensitive sensors with desirable characteristics. Then, the biomedical applications of MONMs-based bare and hybrid electrochemical and optical biosensing frameworks are highlighted in the light of recent literature. Finally, current limitations and future challenges in the field of biosensing technology are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Xincun West Road 266, Zibo, 255000, China; School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 K8AF, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ramachandran Rajan
- Translational Medical Center, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, Shandong, China
| | - Kapil Upadhyaya
- Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Gautam Behl
- Eirgen Pharma Ltd., Westside Business Park, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Xin-Xin Xiang
- Translational Medical Center, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, Shandong, China
| | - Peipei Huo
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Xincun West Road 266, Zibo, 255000, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Xincun West Road 266, Zibo, 255000, China.
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Peteni S, Ozoemena OC, Khawula T, Haruna AB, Rawson FJ, Shai LJ, Ola O, Ozoemena KI. Electrochemical Immunosensor for Ultra-Low Detection of Human Papillomavirus Biomarker for Cervical Cancer. ACS Sens 2023. [PMID: 37384904 PMCID: PMC10391710 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent for cervical cancer. Of the various types of HPV, the high-risk HPV-16 type is the most important antigenic high-risk HPV. In this work, the antigenic HPV-16 L1 peptide was immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode and used to detect several concentrations of the anti-HPV-16 L1 antibody, and vice versa. Two electrode platforms were used: onion-like carbon (OLC) and its polyacrylonitrile (OLC-PAN) composites. Both platforms gave a wide linear concentration range (1.95 fg/mL to 6.25 ng/mL), excellent sensitivity (>5.2 μA/log ([HPV-16 L1, fg/mL]), and extra-ordinarily low limit of detection (LoD) of 1.83 fg/mL (32.7 aM) and 0.61 fg/mL (10.9 aM) for OLC-PAN and OLC-based immunosensors, respectively. OLC-PAN modified with the HPV-16 L1 protein showed low LoD for the HPV-16 L1 antibody (2.54 fg/mL, i.e., 45.36 aM), proving its potential use for screening purposes. The specificity of detection was proven with the anti-ovalbumin antibody (anti-OVA) and native ovalbumin protein (OVA). An immobilized antigenic HPV-16 L1 peptide showed insignificant interaction with anti-OVA in contrast with the excellent interaction with anti-HPV-16 L1 antibody, thus proving high specificity. The application of the immunosensor as a potential point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic device was investigated with screen-printed carbon electrodes, which detected ultra-low (ca. 0.7 fg/mL ≈ 12.5 aM) and high (ca. 12 μg/mL ≈ 0.21 μM) concentrations. This study represents the lowest LoD reported for HPV-16 L1. It opens the door for further investigation with other electrode platforms and realization of PoC diagnostic devices for screening and testing of HPV biomarkers for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwaphiwe Peteni
- Molecular Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Okoroike C Ozoemena
- Molecular Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Tobile Khawula
- Molecular Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Aderemi B Haruna
- Molecular Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Frankie J Rawson
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Leshweni J Shai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Oluwafunmilola Ola
- Advanced Materials Group, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Kenneth I Ozoemena
- Molecular Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
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Ozcelikay G, Gamella M, Solís-Fernández G, Barderas R, Pingarrón JM, Campuzano S, Ozkan SA. Electrochemical bioplatform for the determination of the most common and carcinogenic human papillomavirus DNA. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 231:115411. [PMID: 37094410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based analytical bioplatforms have gained importance as diagnostic tests for genomics and as early detection tools for diseases such as cancer. In this context, we report the development of an amperometric bioplatform for the determination of a specific human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) sequence. The bioplatform utilizes an immune-nucleic acid hybrid-sandwich assay. A biotinylated RNA capture probe (RNAbCp), complementary to the selected HPV16 target DNA sequence, was immobilised on the surface of streptavidin coated magnetic microbeads (Strep-MBs). The RNA/DNA heteroduplex resulting from the hybridization of the RNAbCP and the HPV16 target sequence was recognised by a commercial antibody that specifically bound to the heteroduplex (AbDNA-RNA). A horseradish-peroxide labeled secondary antibody (antiIgG-HRP) was used for the detection of AbDNA-RNA. Relying on amperometric detection of the resulting HRP-labeled magnetic bioconjugates captured on screen-printed electrodes (SPCEs) in the presence of H2O2 and hydroquinone (HQ), the biotool achieved a low limit of detection (0.5 pM) for the synthetic HPV16 target DNA. In addition, the developed bioplatform was able to discriminate between HPV16 positive and negative human cancer cells using only 25 ng of amplified DNA in a test time of 45 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göksu Ozcelikay
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560 Ankara, Turkey; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Gamella
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Chronic Disease Programme, UFIEC, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Pingarrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
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Pareek S, Jain U, Bharadwaj M, Saxena K, Roy S, Chauhan N. An ultrasensitive electrochemical DNA biosensor for monitoring Human papillomavirus-16 (HPV-16) using graphene oxide/Ag/Au nano-biohybrids. Anal Biochem 2023; 663:115015. [PMID: 36496002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A DNA-based electrochemical biosensor has been developed herein for the detection of Human papillomavirus-16 (HPV-16). HPV-16 is a double-stranded, non-enveloped, epitheliotropic DNA virus which responsible for cervical cancer. In this proposed biosensor, an indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass electrode was modified for sensing HPV-16 using graphene oxide and silver coated gold nanoparticles. Subsequently, HPV-16 specific DNA probes were immobilized on a modified ITO surface. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by FE-SEM and UV-VIS spectroscopy techniques. Electrochemical characterization was performed by using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy methods. The hybridization between the probe and target DNA was analyzed by a reduction in current, mediated by methylene blue. The biosensor showed a qualitative inequity between the probe and target HPV-16 DNA. The developed biosensor showed high sensitivity as 0.54 mA/aM for the detection of HPV-16. In a linear range of 100 aM to 1 μM with 100 aM LOD, the proposed biosensor exhibited excellent performance with the rapid diagnosis. Thus, the results indicate that the developed HPV DNA biosensor shows good consistency with the present approaches and opens new opportunities for developing point-of-care devices. The diagnosis of HPV-16 infection in its early stage may also be possible with this detection system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Pareek
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Utkarsh Jain
- School of Health Sciences & Technology (SoHST), University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), 201301, India
| | - Kirti Saxena
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Souradeep Roy
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIDRI), University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, India
| | - Nidhi Chauhan
- School of Health Sciences & Technology (SoHST), University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, India.
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McCourt KM, Cochran J, Abdelbasir SM, Carraway ER, Tzeng TRJ, Tsyusko OV, Vanegas DC. Potential Environmental and Health Implications from the Scaled-Up Production and Disposal of Nanomaterials Used in Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1082. [PMID: 36551049 PMCID: PMC9775545 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors often combine biological recognition elements with nanomaterials of varying compositions and dimensions to facilitate or enhance the operating mechanism of the device. While incorporating nanomaterials is beneficial to developing high-performance biosensors, at the stages of scale-up and disposal, it may lead to the unmanaged release of toxic nanomaterials. Here we attempt to foster connections between the domains of biosensors development and human and environmental toxicology to encourage a holistic approach to the development and scale-up of biosensors. We begin by exploring the toxicity of nanomaterials commonly used in biosensor design. From our analysis, we introduce five factors with a role in nanotoxicity that should be considered at the biosensor development stages to better manage toxicity. Finally, we contextualize the discussion by presenting the relevant stages and routes of exposure in the biosensor life cycle. Our review found little consensus on how the factors presented govern nanomaterial toxicity, especially in composite and alloyed nanomaterials. To bridge the current gap in understanding and mitigate the risks of uncontrolled nanomaterial release, we advocate for greater collaboration through a precautionary One Health approach to future development and a movement towards a circular approach to biosensor use and disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli M. McCourt
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics (GARD), Michigan State University, East Lancing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jarad Cochran
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Sabah M. Abdelbasir
- Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 87, Helwan 11421, Egypt
| | - Elizabeth R. Carraway
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Tzuen-Rong J. Tzeng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Olga V. Tsyusko
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Diana C. Vanegas
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics (GARD), Michigan State University, East Lancing, MI 48824, USA
- Interdisciplinary Group for Biotechnology Innovation and Ecosocial Change (BioNovo), Universidad del Valle, Cali 76001, Colombia
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Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as Diagnostic Tool for Cancer Cells. Int J Biomater 2022; 2022:2807644. [PMID: 36387955 PMCID: PMC9646305 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2807644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles have various characteristics that make them attractive to be used in many medical applications like a cancer diagnosis. It can be used as a nanoprobe for targeting different types of cancer cells in vitro as a cancer cell recognition system. The present study aims to investigate the permeability of ZnO NPs through both normal and cancerous cell lines in humans. In vitro experiments for ZnO NPs inside the environment of living cells have been described, which would contribute to the visualization of nanoparticles as cancer diagnostic and scanning techniques. MCF7, AMJ13, and RD cancer cells, and also the normal breast cell line HBL, were used in in vitro imaging experiments. The findings revealed that ZnO NPs specifically incorporated within tumor cells while accumulating less inside normal cells. Our findings show that ZnO NPs may be identified inside cancer cells after 1 h of exposure and can endure up to 3 h, providing them appropriate for tumor cell imaging. The findings showed that ZnO NPs might be employed as an alternate fluorophore for diagnostic imaging in the early identification of solid cancers. Therefore, here we studied in vitro applications of ZnO NPs and their beneficial use as a diagnostic tool for cancer cell lines rather than normal cells. Taken together, ZnO NPs can be used as good targeting NPs for the development of imaging agents for early diagnosis of cancers.
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Chakraborty B, Mandal N, Das N, Samanta N, RoyChaudhuri C. Competitive Impedance Spectroscopy in a Schottky-Contacted ZnO Nanorod Structure for Ultrasensitive and Specific Biosensing in a Physiological Analyte. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1634-1647. [PMID: 35621183 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To enable detection and discovery of biomarkers, development of label-free, ultrasensitive, and specific sensors is the need of the hour. For addressing this requirement, here, a Schottky-contacted ZnO nanorod biosensor has been demonstrated, which explores the interplay between Schottky junction capacitance and solution resistance, resulting in an interesting sensing principle of competitive impedance spectroscopy. When the transition of dominating impedance occurs from solution resistance to junction capacitance, a notch or a peak appears in the impedance response at a particular frequency (referred to as the corner frequency) depending on the charge of the target molecule. The appearance of the peak or notch acts like an electronic label for selectivity since it is visible only for target molecules even at ultralow concentrations in the physiological analyte, where the magnitude of impedance change overlaps with that for nonspecific molecules. This phenomenon has been successfully applied for the positively charged vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the negatively charged hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), where the shifts in the higher corner frequencies for 1 aM concentration of the target molecules have been observed to be more than 3 times the changes in the impedance magnitude. Further, the area of the ZnO nanorods was segmented into two zones corresponding to the lower and higher concentration regimes, thereby expanding the dynamic range. To summarize, an ultralow detection limit of 1 aM with a dynamic range up to 1 pM was achieved for VEGF and HBsAg, which is 4 orders of magnitude and 20 times lower than their most sensitive label-free reports, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Chakraborty
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Naresh Mandal
- School of Electrical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Ponda 403401, Goa, India
| | - Naren Das
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KL University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Nirmalya Samanta
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Techno India University, Sector V, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Chirasree RoyChaudhuri
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur 711103, West Bengal, India
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Chaibun T, Thanasapburachot P, Chatchawal P, Su Yin L, Jiaranuchart S, Jearanaikoon P, Promptmas C, Buajeeb W, Lertanantawong B. A Multianalyte Electrochemical Genosensor for the Detection of High-Risk HPV Genotypes in Oral and Cervical Cancers. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:290. [PMID: 35624591 PMCID: PMC9138520 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major risk factor for oral and cervical cancers. Hence, we developed a multianalyte electrochemical DNA biosensor that could be used for both oral and cervical samples to detect the high-risk HPV genotypes 16 and 18. The assay involves the sandwich hybridization of the HPV target to the silica-redox dye reporter probe and capture probe, followed by electrochemical detection. The sensor was found to be highly specific and sensitive, with a detection limit of 22 fM for HPV-16 and 20 fM for HPV-18, between the range of 1 fM and 1 µM. Evaluation with oral and cervical samples showed that the biosensor result was consistent with the nested PCR/gel electrophoresis detection. The biosensor assay could be completed within 90 min. Due to its simplicity, rapidity, and high sensitivity, this biosensor could be used as an alternative method for HPV detection in clinical laboratories as well as for epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanyarat Chaibun
- Biosensors Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (T.C.); (C.P.)
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Patutong Chatchawal
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.C.); (P.J.)
| | - Lee Su Yin
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Malaysia;
- Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (ComBio), AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Malaysia
| | - Sirimanas Jiaranuchart
- Dental Clinic, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Patcharee Jearanaikoon
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.C.); (P.J.)
| | - Chamras Promptmas
- Biosensors Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (T.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Waranun Buajeeb
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Benchaporn Lertanantawong
- Biosensors Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (T.C.); (C.P.)
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Reverse Electrochemical Sensing of FLT3-ITD Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using Gold Sputtered ZnO-Nanorod Configured DNA Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12030170. [PMID: 35323440 PMCID: PMC8946250 DOI: 10.3390/bios12030170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Detection of genetic mutations leading to hematological malignancies is a key factor in the early diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). FLT3-ITD mutations are an alarming gene defect found commonly in AML patients associated with high cases of leukemia and low survival rates. Available diagnostic assessments for FLT3-ITD are incapable of combining cost-effective detection platforms with high analytical performances. To circumvent this, we developed an efficient DNA biosensor for the recognition of AML caused by FLT3-ITD mutation utilizing electrochemical impedance characterization. The system was designed by adhering gold-sputtered zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods onto interdigitated electrode (IDE) sensor chips. The sensing surface was biointerfaced with capture probes designed to hybridize with unmutated FLT3 sequences instead of the mutated FLT3-ITD gene, establishing a reverse manner of target detection. The developed biosensor demonstrated specific detection of mutated FLT3 genes, with high levels of sensitivity in response to analyte concentrations as low as 1 nM. The sensor also exhibited a stable functional life span of more than five weeks with good reproducibility and high discriminatory properties against FLT3 gene targets. Hence, the developed sensor is a promising tool for rapid and low-cost diagnostic applications relevant to the clinical prognosis of AML stemming from FLT3-ITD mutations.
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Pareek S, Rout V, Jain U, Bharadwaj M, Chauhan N. Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots for Selective and Rapid Gene Detection of Human Papillomavirus Causing Cervical Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:31037-31045. [PMID: 34841146 PMCID: PMC8613818 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
According to WHO, cervical cancer is considered as one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and the fourth main source of cancer death in women in 2020 worldwide. Hence, there is a need for development of cervical cancer screening with new rapid and cost-effective methods. Although there are few methods available for HPV identification, these techniques are less sensitive, time-consuming, and costly. An ultra-sensitive, selective, and label-free DNA-based impedimetric electrochemical genosensor is developed in this study to detect HPV-18 for cervical cancer. Electrochemical analysis was performed for the characterization of the sensing platform and for the detection of analyte. A single-stranded 25mer oligonucleotide DNA probe was immobilized onto a nitrogen-doped carbon nanodot-modified ITO electrode. Furthermore, the hybridization event was measured by testing the complementary single stranded DNA sequence in the samples. The sensor could distinguish between complementary as well as non-complementary sequences. Herein, impedance quantification demonstrated a limit of detection of 0.405 fM. The developed genosensor showed high selectivity toward HPV-18 in the clinical samples. This sensing platform can be considered as a rapid and selective method for the screening of HPV-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Pareek
- Amity
Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University
Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Vishwadeep Rout
- Amity
Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University
Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Utkarsh Jain
- Amity
Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University
Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- National
Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Noida 201301, India
| | - Nidhi Chauhan
- Amity
Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University
Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
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Monteil S, Casson AJ, Jones ST. Electronic and electrochemical viral detection for point-of-care use: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258002. [PMID: 34591907 PMCID: PMC8483417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting viruses, which have significant impact on health and the economy, is essential for controlling and combating viral infections. In recent years there has been a focus towards simpler and faster detection methods, specifically through the use of electronic-based detection at the point-of-care. Point-of-care sensors play a particularly important role in the detection of viruses. Tests can be performed in the field or in resource limited regions in a simple manner and short time frame, allowing for rapid treatment. Electronic based detection allows for speed and quantitative detection not otherwise possible at the point-of-care. Such approaches are largely based upon voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, field effect transistors, and similar electrical techniques. Here, we systematically review electronic and electrochemical point-of-care sensors for the detection of human viral pathogens. Using the reported limits of detection and assay times we compare approaches both by detection method and by the target analyte of interest. Compared to recent scoping and narrative reviews, this systematic review which follows established best practice for evidence synthesis adds substantial new evidence on 1) performance and 2) limitations, needed for sensor uptake in the clinical arena. 104 relevant studies were identified by conducting a search of current literature using 7 databases, only including original research articles detecting human viruses and reporting a limit of detection. Detection units were converted to nanomolars where possible in order to compare performance across devices. This approach allows us to identify field effect transistors as having the fastest median response time, and as being the most sensitive, some achieving single-molecule detection. In general, we found that antigens are the quickest targets to detect. We also observe however, that reports are highly variable in their chosen metrics of interest. We suggest that this lack of systematisation across studies may be a major bottleneck in sensor development and translation. Where appropriate, we use the findings of the systematic review to give recommendations for best reporting practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solen Monteil
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Henry Royce Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. Casson
- The Henry Royce Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel T. Jones
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Henry Royce Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Anjum S, Hashim M, Malik SA, Khan M, Lorenzo JM, Abbasi BH, Hano C. Recent Advances in Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for Cancer Diagnosis, Target Drug Delivery, and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4570. [PMID: 34572797 PMCID: PMC8468934 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is regarded as one of the most deadly and mirthless diseases and it develops due to the uncontrolled proliferation of cells. To date, varieties of traditional medications and chemotherapies have been utilized to fight tumors. However, their immense drawbacks, such as reduced bioavailability, insufficient supply, and significant adverse effects, make their use limited. Nanotechnology has evolved rapidly in recent years and offers a wide spectrum of applications in the healthcare sectors. Nanoscale materials offer strong potential for curing cancer as they pose low risk and fewer complications. Several metal oxide NPs are being developed to diagnose or treat malignancies, but zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have remarkably demonstrated their potential in the diagnosis and treatment of various types of cancers due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and unique physico-chemical attributes. ZnO NPs showed cancer cell specific toxicity via generation of reactive oxygen species and destruction of mitochondrial membrane potential, which leads to the activation of caspase cascades followed by apoptosis of cancerous cells. ZnO NPs have also been used as an effective carrier for targeted and sustained delivery of various plant bioactive and chemotherapeutic anticancerous drugs into tumor cells. In this review, at first we have discussed the role of ZnO NPs in diagnosis and bio-imaging of cancer cells. Secondly, we have extensively reviewed the capability of ZnO NPs as carriers of anticancerous drugs for targeted drug delivery into tumor cells, with a special focus on surface functionalization, drug-loading mechanism, and stimuli-responsive controlled release of drugs. Finally, we have critically discussed the anticancerous activity of ZnO NPs on different types of cancers along with their mode of actions. Furthermore, this review also highlights the limitations and future prospects of ZnO NPs in cancer theranostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.H.); (S.A.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Mariam Hashim
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.H.); (S.A.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Sara Asad Malik
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.H.); (S.A.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Maha Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.H.); (S.A.M.); (M.K.)
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avenida de Galicia 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spain;
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 15320, Pakistan;
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, Eure & Loir Campus, University of Orleans, 28000 Chartres, France;
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Sha J, Du J, Yang J, Hu X, Li L. Changes of serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (SIL 2R) in patients with cervical cancer and their clinical significance. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:6599-6604. [PMID: 34306402 PMCID: PMC8290823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the current trial was to investigate the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (SIL-2R) in serum of patients with cervical cancer and analyze their clinical significance. METHODS We randomly selected 50 cases of cervical cancer patients who came to our hospital from March 2018 to March 2020 as the experimental group and 50 cases of healthy adult women during the same period as the control group. The experimental group received laparoscopic radical hysterectomy. We compared two groups of patients' serum level of TNF-α and SIL-2R expression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the diagnostic efficacy of serum TNF-α and SIL-2R in cervical cancer. RESULTS The expression levels of serum TNF-α and SIL-2R in the experimental group before radical hysterectomy were significantly higher than that one week after surgery; the preoperative serum TNF-α and SIL-2R expression levels of the experimental group were notably higher than those of the control group; and no marked difference in the expression levels of serum TNF-α and SIL-2R was observed between the control group and the experimental group one week after operation. The area under the curve of TNF-α was 0.846 (95% CI: 0.605~0.978), the diagnostic sensitivity was 81.54%, and the specificity was 70.12%; The area under the curve of SIL-2R is 0.813 (95% CI: 0.601~0.943), the diagnostic sensitivity was 80.13%, and the specificity was 69.97%. CONCLUSION Serum levels of TNF-α and SIL-2R expression in patients with cervical cancer are usually noticeably elevated. After surgical treatment, the serum levels of TNF-α and SIL-2R expression will gradually become normal. It is of significant clinical relevance to detect the serum levels of TNF-α and SIL-2R expression for early diagnosis of intervention of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sha
- Gynceology Department of Xinjiang Preduction and Construction Corps HospitalUrumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Physiology, Preclinical Medicine College, Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumuqi, China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Gynceology Department of Xinjiang Preduction and Construction Corps HospitalUrumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xueliang Hu
- Gynceology Department of Xinjiang Preduction and Construction Corps HospitalUrumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Gynecology Ward 1 of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Cancer HospitalUrumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Avelino KYPS, Oliveira LS, Lucena-Silva N, Andrade CAS, Oliveira MDL. Flexible sensor based on conducting polymer and gold nanoparticles for electrochemical screening of HPV families in cervical specimens. Talanta 2021; 226:122118. [PMID: 33676673 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Considering the low sensitivity of cytological exams and high costs of the molecular methods, the development of diagnostic tests for effective diagnosis of HPV infections is a priority. In this work, biosensor composed of polypyrrole (PPy) films and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was obtained for specific detection of HPV genotypes. The biosensor was developed by using flexible electrodes based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) strips coated with indium tin oxide (ITO). Polymeric films and AuNPs were obtained by electrosynthesis. Oligonucleotides sequences modified with functional amino groups were designed to recognize HPV gene families strictly. The modified oligonucleotides were chemically immobilized on the nanostructured platform. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used for the analysis of the electrode modification and monitoring of molecular hybridization. Electrochemical changes were observed after exposure of the biosensors to plasmid samples and cervical specimens. The biosensor based on the BSH16 probe showed a linear concentration range for target HPV16 gene detection of 100 pg μL-1 to 1 fg μL-1. A limit of detection (LOD) of 0.89 pg μL-1 and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2.70 pg μL-1 were obtained, with a regression coefficient of 0.98. Screening tests on cervical specimens were performed to evaluate the sensibility and specificity for HPV and its viral family. The expression of a biomarker for tumorigenesis (p53 gene) was also monitored. In this work, a flexible system has been successfully developed for label-free detection of HPV families and p53 gene monitoring with high specificity, selectivity, and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Y P S Avelino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Biodispositivos Nanoestruturados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Léony S Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biodispositivos Nanoestruturados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Norma Lucena-Silva
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Oncologia Pediátrica, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), 50070-550, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - César A S Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Biodispositivos Nanoestruturados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria D L Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Biodispositivos Nanoestruturados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Letchumanan I, Gopinath SCB, Md Arshad MK, Mohamed Saheed MS, Perumal V, Voon CH, Hashim U. Gold-Nanohybrid Biosensors for Analyzing Blood Circulating Clinical Biomacromolecules: Current Trend toward Future Remote Digital Monitoring. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:577-592. [PMID: 32897761 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1812373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mortality level is worsening the situation worldwide thru blood diseases and greatly jeopardizes the human health with poor diagnostics. Due to the lack of successful generation of early diagnosis, the survival rate is currently lower. To overcome the present hurdle, new diagnostic methods have been choreographed for blood disease biomarkers analyses with the conjunction of ultra-small ideal gold nanohybrids. Gold-hybrids hold varieties of unique features, such as high biocompatibility, increased surface-to-volume ratio, less-toxicity, ease in electron transfer and have a greater localized surface plasmon resonance. Gold-nanocomposites can be physically hybrid on the sensor surface and functionalize with the biomolecules using appropriate chemical conjugations. Revolutionizing biosensor platform can be prominently linked for the nanocomposite applications in the current research on medical diagnosis. This review encloses the new developments in diagnosing blood biomarkers by utilizing the gold-nanohybrids. Further, the current state-of-the-art and the future envision with digital monitoring for facile telediagnosis were narrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iswary Letchumanan
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Malaysia.,School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - M K Md Arshad
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Malaysia.,School of Microelectronic Engineering, Arau 02600, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Shuaib Mohamed Saheed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.,Centre of Innovative Nanostructures & Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Veeradasan Perumal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.,Centre of Innovative Nanostructures & Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Chun Hong Voon
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Malaysia
| | - Uda Hashim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Malaysia
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Avelino KYPS, Oliveira LS, Lucena-Silva N, de Melo CP, Andrade CAS, Oliveira MDL. Metal-polymer hybrid nanomaterial for impedimetric detection of human papillomavirus in cervical specimens. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 185:113249. [PMID: 32193043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the main sexually transmitted pathogens that infect the anogenital epithelium and mucous membranes. HPV genotypes can be classified as high and low oncogenic risk, with infection by the former resulting in cervical cancer in approximately 100 % of the cases. In this work, we developed an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor for the detection and identification of different HPV genotypes. A nanostructured platform based on a matrix of polyaniline (PANI) containing gold nanoparticles (AuNps) was designed for the chemical immobilization of a DNA probe capable of recognizing different HPV types. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the genosensor. The impedimetric responses indicate that the proposed sensor was able to detect HPV (types 6, 11, 16, 31, 33, 45, and 58) in cervical specimens (cDNA samples). We obtained different profiles of electrochemical responses for the high and low-risk HPV genotypes. By adopting a three-dimensional quantitative analysis of impedance response variables, it was possible to identify the existence of a pattern of association for samples of high oncogenic risk, which may lead to the differential diagnosis of HPV. The biosensor demonstrated an excellent analytical performance for the detection of HPV genotypes with high sensibility and selectivity. The genosensor exhibited a linear range of response in the 1 pg μL-1 to 100 pg μL-1 range. Besides, a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.74 pg μL-1 and 7.43 pg μL-1 was obtained for HPV11 and HPV16, respectively, with regression coefficients of 99.88 % and 99.47 %. Thus, the proposed sensor may serve as a good prognostic indicator for patients infected with papillomavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Y P S Avelino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Biodispositivos Nanoestruturados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Léony S Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biodispositivos Nanoestruturados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Norma Lucena-Silva
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Oncologia Pediátrica, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), 50070-550 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Celso Pinto de Melo
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - César A S Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Biodispositivos Nanoestruturados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria D L Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Biodispositivos Nanoestruturados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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