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Tran TQ, Riechelmann S, Banning A, Wohnlich S. Environmental relevance monitoring and assessment of ochreous precipitates, hydrochemistry and water sources from abandoned coal mine drainage. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:700. [PMID: 38963476 PMCID: PMC11224094 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the mineralogical and chemical characteristics of ochreous precipitates and mine water samples from abandoned Upper Carboniferous hard coal mines in an extensive former mining area in western Germany. Mine water characteristics have been monitored and assessed using a multi-methodological approach. Thirteen mine water discharge locations were sampled for hydrochemical analysis, with a total of 46 water samples seasonally collected in the whole study area for stable isotopic analyses. Mineralogical composition of 13 ochreous precipitates was identified by a combination of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM/EDS). Results showed that abandoned mine drainage was characterized by circumneutral pH, Eh values ranging from 163 to 269 mV, relatively low concentrations of Fe and Mn, and was dominated by HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > NO3- and Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+. Goethite and ferrihydrite were the dominant precipitated Fe minerals, with traces of quartz, dolomite, and clay minerals. Some metal and metalloid elements (Mn, Al, Si, and Ti) were found in the ochreous sediments. The role of bacteria in the formation of secondary minerals was assessed with the detection of Leptothrix ochracea. The δ18O and δ2H values of mine water plotted on and close to the GMWL and LMWLs indicated local derivation from meteoric water and represented the annual mean precipitation isotopic composition. Results might help to develop strategies for the management of water resources, contaminated mine water, and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Quang Tran
- Department of Hydrogeochemistry and Hydrogeology, Institute of Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Faculty of Geosciences, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
- Faculty of Geosciences and Geoengineering, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, No. 18, Pho Vien, Duc Thang Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Sylvia Riechelmann
- Department of Sediment and Isotope Geology, Institute of Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Faculty of Geosciences, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andre Banning
- Department of Applied Geology, Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17A, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Wohnlich
- Department of Hydrogeochemistry and Hydrogeology, Institute of Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Faculty of Geosciences, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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Frankel E, Temple J, Dikener E, Berkmen M. Bridging the gap with bacterial art. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad025. [PMID: 37028930 PMCID: PMC10132471 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Living art made with bacteria is gaining global attention, spreading from laboratories into the public domain: from school STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, the Arts, and Mathematics) events to art galleries, museums, community labs, and ultimately to the studios of microbial artists. Bacterial art is a synthesis of science and art that can lead to developments in both fields. Through the 'universal language of art', many social and preconceived ideas-including abstract scientific concepts-can be challenged and brought to the public attention in a unique way. By using bacteria to create publicly accessible art pieces, the barriers between humans and microbes can be lessened, and the artificial separation of the fields of science and art may be brought one step closer. Here, we document the history, impact, and current moment in the field of microbiologically inspired art for the benefit of educators, students, and the interested public. We provide a comprehensive historical background and examples of ancient bacterial art from cave paintings to uses in modern synthetic biology, a simple protocol for conducting bacterial art in a safe and responsible manner, a discussion of the artificial separation of science and art, and the future implications of art made from living microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Frankel
- Boston Open Science Laboratory, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jasmine Temple
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Kim S, Park SM, Bak S, Kim GH, Kim CS, Jun J, Kim CE, Kim K. Investigation of craquelure patterns in oil paintings using precise 3D morphological analysis for art authentication. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272078. [PMID: 35901186 PMCID: PMC9333328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of scientific technology for art authentication has elicited multidimensional evidence to distinguish forgeries from original artwork. Here, we analyzed the three-dimensional morphology of cracks that contain information, such as the painting features of artworks, using optical coherence tomography. The forgeries were produced by an expert from original oil paintings with cracks that occur owing to paint drying, canvas aging, and physical damage. Parameters, such as shape, width, and depth, were compared based on the cross-sectional images of the original and fake cracks. The original cracks were rectangular and inverted, but the fake cracks were relatively simple inverted triangles. The original cracks were as deep as the thickness of the upper layer and mostly were "thin/deep" or "wide/shallow". The fake cracks were observed to be "'thin/shallow" or "wide/deep". This study aims to improve the understanding of crack characteristics and promote the development of techniques for determining art authenticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojung Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Bak
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Hun Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonja Jun
- Department of Fine Arts, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Eun Kim
- Department of Fine Arts, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyujung Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Li M, Kuang S, Kang Y, Ma H, Dong J, Guo Z. Recent advances in application of iron-manganese oxide nanomaterials for removal of heavy metals in the aquatic environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:153157. [PMID: 35038502 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has a serious negative impact on the ecological environment and human health due to its toxicity, persistence, and non-biodegradable properties. Among the technologies applied in heavy metals removal, adsorption has been widely used as the most promising method because of its simple operation, high removal efficiency, strong applicability, and low cost. Iron-manganese oxide nanomaterials, as an effective absorbent, have attracted wide attention due to their simple preparation, wide material sources, and lower ecological impact. So far, no quantitative investigation has been conducted on the preparation and application of iron-manganese oxide nanomaterials in heavy metals removal. This review discussed the preparation methods and characteristics of iron‑manganese oxide nanomaterials over the past decade and provided some basic information for the improvement of preparation methods. The physicochemical properties of iron‑manganese oxide nanomaterials and environmental conditions are regarded as important factors that affect the removal efficiency of heavy metals. In addition, the removal mechanisms of heavy metals in aqueous solution with iron‑manganese oxide nanomaterials were mainly included redox, complex precipitation, electrostatic attraction, and ion exchange. The reusability and practicability in actual wastewater treatment of 3nganese oxide nanomaterials were further discussed. Several key problems still need to be solved in the existing progress, such as improving the ability and stability of the iron‑manganese oxide nanomaterials to remove heavy metals from actual wastewater. In conclusion, this review provides a future direction for the application of iron‑manganese oxide nanomaterials for heavy metals removal and even in the large-scale treatment of actual wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Shaoping Kuang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yan Kang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Haoqin Ma
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jiahao Dong
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Zizhang Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Tamura K, Oshima Y, Fuse Y, Nagaoka N, Kunoh T, Nakanishi M, Fujii T, Nanba T, Takada J. Eco-Benign Orange-Hued Pigment Derived from Aluminum-Enriched Biogenous Iron Oxide Sheaths. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12795-12802. [PMID: 35474768 PMCID: PMC9026029 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic pigments have been widely used due to their low cost of production, strong hiding power, and chemical resistance; nevertheless, they have limited hue width and chromaticity. To eliminate these disadvantages, we herein propose the use of an ingenious biotemplate technique to produce Al-enriched biogenic iron oxide (BIOX) materials. Spectrophotometric color analysis showed that high levels of Al inclusion on heat-treated BIOX samples produced heightened yellowish hues and lightness. The Al-enriched BIOX sheaths exhibited a stable tubular structure and excellent thermal stability of color tones after heating at high temperatures and repetitive heat treatments. Ultrastructural analysis and mechanical destruction experiments revealed that the highly chromatic orange-hue of these pigments are ascribed probably to an ingenious cylindrical nanocomposite architecture composed of putative Fe-included low crystalline Al oxide regions and hematite particles embedded therein. The present work therefore demonstrates that the bioengineered material can serve as an epochal orange-hued inorganic pigment with low toxicity and marked thermostability that should meet large industrial demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Tamura
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 700-8530 Okayama, Japan
- Bengala
Techno-Lab, 216-0007 Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuri Oshima
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 700-8530 Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuta Fuse
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 700-8530 Okayama, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagaoka
- Advanced
Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University, 700-8530 Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kunoh
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 700-8530 Okayama, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakanishi
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 700-8530 Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Fujii
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 700-8530 Okayama, Japan
| | - Tokuro Nanba
- Graduate
School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 700-8530 Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun Takada
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 700-8530 Okayama, Japan
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Dayet L, d’Errico F, García Diez M, Zilhão J. Critical evaluation of in situ analyses for the characterisation of red pigments in rock paintings: A case study from El Castillo, Spain. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262143. [PMID: 35073338 PMCID: PMC8786193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paint technology, namely paint preparation and application procedures, is an important aspect of painting traditions. With the expansion of archaeometric studies and in situ non-destructive analytical methods, a renewal of technological studies is being observed in rock art. In situ analyses have several limitations that are widely discussed in the literature, however. It is not yet clear whether they provide accurate information on paint technology, except under certain conditions. Here, we evaluated digital microscopic and pXRF in situ analyses for the characterisation of a large set of red and yellow paintings from the El Castillo cave, Cantabria, Spain. We have set experiments and used statistical methods to identify differences between paint components and determine factors impacting pXRF measurements. We found that the compositional heterogeneity of the paintings’ environment, especially variations in secondary deposits, was responsible for most of the differences observed between the pXRF signals recorded on the paintings. We concluded that the El Castillo cave environment is not suitable for non-destructive technological studies, but that more favourable contexts might exist. Following previous works and our own results, we advocate a combination of both in situ and laboratory invasive analyses for the study of paint composition and paint technology. Our research protocol, based on the comparison of rock paintings, their substrate, experimental paintings and Fe-normalisation of the signals can improve the reliability of pXRF results. We also propose to include more systematic characterisation of rock wall heterogeneity and the use of microscopic analyses in non-destructive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Dayet
- CNRS-Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, UMR5608 Travaux et Recherches Archéologiques sur les Cultures, les Espaces et les Sociétés, Maison de la Recherche, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Francesco d’Errico
- CNRS-UMR 5199 PACEA, De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie, University of Bordeaux, France
- Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marcos García Diez
- Departament of Prehistory, Ancient History and Archaeology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - João Zilhão
- Departament de Prehistòria, Història Antiga i Arqueologia (SERP; Grup de Recerca SGR2014-00108), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- UNIARQ–Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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7
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The symbolic role of the underground world among Middle Paleolithic Neanderthals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021495118. [PMID: 34341069 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021495118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cueva de Ardales in Málaga, Spain, is one of the richest and best-preserved Paleolithic painted caves of southwestern Europe, containing over a thousand graphic representations. Here, we study the red pigment in panel II.A.3 of "Sala de las Estrellas," dated by U-Th to the Middle Paleolithic, to determine its composition, verify its anthropogenic nature, infer the associated behaviors, and discuss their implications. Using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, we analyzed a set of samples from the panel and compared them to natural coloring materials collected from the floor and walls of the cave. The conspicuously different texture and composition of the geological samples indicates that the pigments used in the paintings do not come from the outcrops of colorant material known in the cave. We confirm that the paintings are not the result of natural processes and show that the composition of the paint is consistent with the artistic activity being recurrent. Our results strengthen the hypothesis that Neanderthals symbolically used these paintings and the large stalagmitic dome harboring them over an extended time span.
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MacDonald BL, Chatters JC, Reinhardt EG, Devos F, Meacham S, Rissolo D, Rock B, Le Maillot C, Stalla D, Marino MD, Lo E, Erreguerena PL. Paleoindian ochre mines in the submerged caves of the Yucatán Peninsula, Quintana Roo, Mexico. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/27/eaba1219. [PMID: 32937451 PMCID: PMC7458451 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigations in the now-submerged cave systems on the Yucatán Peninsula continue to yield evidence for human presence during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Skeletal remains are scattered throughout the caves of Quintana Roo, most representing individuals who died in situ. The reasons why they explored these underground environments have remained unclear. Here, we announce the discovery of the first subterranean ochre mine of Paleoindian age found in the Americas, offering compelling evidence for mining in three cave systems on the eastern Yucatán over a ~2000-year period between ~12 and 10 ka. The cave passages exhibit preserved evidence for ochre extraction pits, speleothem digging tools, shattered and piled flowstone debris, cairn navigational markers, and hearths yielding charcoal from highly resinous wood species. The sophistication and extent of the activities demonstrate a readiness to venture into the dark zones of the caves to prospect and collect what was evidently a highly valued mineral resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi L MacDonald
- Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Missouri Research Reactor, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - James C Chatters
- Applied Paleoscience, Bothell, WA 98011, USA.
- DirectAMS, Bothell, WA 98011, USA
| | - Eduard G Reinhardt
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Fred Devos
- Centro Investigador del Sistema Acuífero de Q Roo (CINDAQ A.C.), Puerto Aventuras, Q Roo, Mexico
| | - Sam Meacham
- Centro Investigador del Sistema Acuífero de Q Roo (CINDAQ A.C.), Puerto Aventuras, Q Roo, Mexico
| | - Dominique Rissolo
- Qualcomm Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0436, USA
| | - Barry Rock
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Chris Le Maillot
- Centro Investigador del Sistema Acuífero de Q Roo (CINDAQ A.C.), Puerto Aventuras, Q Roo, Mexico
| | - David Stalla
- Electron Microscopy Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Marc D Marino
- Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Missouri Research Reactor, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Eric Lo
- Qualcomm Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0436, USA
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