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Alizadeh M, Shojadoost B, Fletcher C, Wang A, Abdelaziz K, Sharif S. Treatment of chickens with lactobacilli prior to challenge with Clostridium perfringens modifies innate responses and gut morphology. Res Vet Sci 2024; 172:105241. [PMID: 38555776 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens (CP), is a common enteric disease of poultry that has been previously controlled by in-feed antibiotics. However, due to the rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance, alternatives to antibiotics such as probiotics have received considerable attention because of their immunomodulatory and intestinal health benefits. The present study investigated the effects of probiotic lactobacilli on gut histomorphology and intestinal innate responses in chickens. Day-old male broiler chickens were treated with 1 × 107 or 1 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU) of a lactobacilli cocktail on days 1, 7, 14, and 20 post-hatch, while control groups were not treated with lactobacilli. On day 21, birds in all groups (except the negative control) were challenged with 3 × 108 CFU of CP for 3 days. Intestinal tissue samples were collected before and after the CP challenge to assess gene expression and for histomorphological analysis. Lactobacilli treatment at a dose of 1 × 108 CFU conferred partial protection against NE by lowering lesion scores, increasing villus height in the ileum and reducing crypt depth in the jejunum. In addition, 1 × 108 CFU of lactobacilli enhanced the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12, and IL-13 in both the jejunum and ileum at different timepoints and subsequently decreased the expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and IL-1β post-CP challenge. In conclusion, the results indicate that treatment with lactobacilli mitigated NE in a dose-dependent manner via improvement of intestinal morphology and modulation of innate immune response in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | | | - Charlotte Fletcher
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Alice Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Khaled Abdelaziz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Myles M, Barnawi H, Mahmoudpour M, Shlimon S, Chang A, Zimmermann D, Choi C, Zebian N, Creuzenet C. Effect of the polysaccharide capsule and its heptose on the resistance of Campylobacter jejuni to innate immune defenses. Microbiologyopen 2024; 13:e1400. [PMID: 38375546 PMCID: PMC10877309 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a commensal in many animals but causes diarrhea in humans. Its polysaccharide capsule contributes to host colonization and virulence in a strain- and model-specific manner. We investigated if the capsule and its heptose are important for interactions of strain NCTC 11168 with various hosts and their innate immune defenses. We determined that they support bacterial survival in Drosophila melanogaster and enhance virulence in Galleria mellonella. We showed that the capsule had limited antiphagocytic activity in human and chicken macrophages, decreased adherence to chicken macrophages, and decreased intracellular survival in both macrophages. In contrast, the heptose increased uptake by chicken macrophages and supported adherence to human macrophages and survival within them. While the capsule triggered nitric oxide production in chicken macrophages, the heptose mitigated this and protected against nitrosative assault. Finally, the C. jejuni strain NCTC 11168 elicited strong cytokine production in both macrophages but quenched ROS production independently from capsule and heptose, and while the capsule and heptose did not protect against oxidative assault, they favored growth in biofilms under oxidative stress. This study shows that the wild-type capsule with its heptose is optimized to resist innate defenses in strain NCTC 11168 often via antagonistic effects of the capsule and its heptose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Myles
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Heba Barnawi
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudpour
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Sargon Shlimon
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Adrienne Chang
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Daniel Zimmermann
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Chiwon Choi
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Najwa Zebian
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Carole Creuzenet
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
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Liu W, Liu J, Li D, Han H, Yan H, Sun Y, Lei Q, Wang J, Zhou Y, Cao D, Li H, Li F. Effect of Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 on egg quality, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbial community of laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103224. [PMID: 37980753 PMCID: PMC10658386 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius) SNK-6 supple-mentation on the laying performance, egg quality, blood parameters, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbial community of laying hens. A total of 432 healthy 30-wk-age laying hens were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates under the same husbandry and dietary regimes: control (CON); 2.0 × 108 CFU/kg L. salivarius supplementation (T1); 2.0 × 109 CFU/kg L. salivarius supplementation (T2). The experiment lasted for 10 wk. The results indicated that the supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in the broken egg and unqualified egg ratios, and a significant increase in the eggshell strength, eggshell relative weight, albumen height, and Haugh units (P < 0.05). The L. salivarius-treated hens exhibited significantly reduced serum malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.05); significantly increased total protein, phosphorus, calcitonin, and immunoglobulin M (P < 0.05); significantly increased cecal secretory immunoglobulin A concentration (P < 0.05); significantly improved villus height (VH) in the duodenum and VH to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum (P < 0.05). The serum globulin and interleukin-1β, immunoglobulin G concentrations, and catalase activity significantly increased in T2 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the serum interferon-α level in T1 was significantly higher than that of the CON (P < 0.05). The intestinal barrier-related mRNA gene ZO-1, CLDN1, and MUC2 expression in the jejunum was significantly upregulated in the T1 and T2 groups (P < 0.05). The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was higher and the relative abundances of Flavonifractor and Clostridiales_noname were significantly higher in the T1 group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with L. salivarius SNK-6 may improve hen egg quality, serum antioxidant capacity, immune function, and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Haixia Han
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Huaxiang Yan
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuxia Lei
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Dingguo Cao
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Fuwei Li
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Poultry Institute, 250100, Jinan, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, 250100, Jinan, China; Jinan Key Laboratory of Poultry Germplasm Resources Innovation and Healthy Breeding, 250100, Jinan, China.
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Calvigioni M, Mazzantini D, Celandroni F, Ghelardi E. Animal and In Vitro Models as Powerful Tools to Decipher the Effects of Enteric Pathogens on the Human Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms 2023; 12:67. [PMID: 38257894 PMCID: PMC10818369 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Examining the interplay between intestinal pathogens and the gut microbiota is crucial to fully comprehend the pathogenic role of enteropathogens and their broader impact on human health. Valid alternatives to human studies have been introduced in laboratory practice to evaluate the effects of infectious agents on the gut microbiota, thereby exploring their translational implications in intestinal functionality and overall health. Different animal species are currently used as valuable models for intestinal infections. In addition, considering the recent advances in bioengineering, futuristic in vitro models resembling the intestinal environment are also available for this purpose. In this review, the impact of the main human enteropathogens (i.e., Clostridioides difficile, Campylobacter jejuni, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei, Vibrio cholerae, and Bacillus cereus) on intestinal microbial communities is summarized, with specific emphasis on results derived from investigations employing animal and in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.)
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Corcionivoschi N, Balta I, Butucel E, McCleery D, Pet I, Iamandei M, Stef L, Morariu S. Natural Antimicrobial Mixtures Disrupt Attachment and Survival of E. coli and C. jejuni to Non-Organic and Organic Surfaces. Foods 2023; 12:3863. [PMID: 37893756 PMCID: PMC10606629 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The contact and adherence of bacteria to various surfaces has significant consequences on biofilm formation through changes in bacterial surface structures or gene expression with potential ramifications on plant and animal health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of organic acid-based mixtures (Ac) on the ability Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli to attach and form biofilm on various surfaces, including plastic, chicken carcass skins, straw bedding, and eggshells. Moreover, we aimed to explore the effect of Ac on the expression of E. coli (luxS, fimC, csgD) and C. jejuni (luxS, flaA, flaB) bacterial genes involved in the attachment and biofilm formation via changes in bacterial surface polysaccharidic structures. Our results show that Ac had a significant effect on the expression of these genes in bacteria either attached to these surfaces or in planktonic cells. Moreover, the significant decrease in bacterial adhesion was coupled with structural changes in bacterial surface polysaccharide profiles, impacting their adhesion and biofilm-forming ability. Essentially, our findings accentuate the potential of natural antimicrobials, such as Ac, in reducing bacterial attachment and biofilm formation across various environments, suggesting promising potential applications in sectors like poultry production and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK; (N.C.); (E.B.); (D.M.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.B.); (I.P.); (L.S.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street, No. 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Igori Balta
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.B.); (I.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Eugenia Butucel
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK; (N.C.); (E.B.); (D.M.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.B.); (I.P.); (L.S.)
| | - David McCleery
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK; (N.C.); (E.B.); (D.M.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.B.); (I.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Ioan Pet
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.B.); (I.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Maria Iamandei
- Research Development Institute for Plant Protection, 013813 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lavinia Stef
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.B.); (I.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Sorin Morariu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
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6
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Zhou J, Wang T, Fan L, Xiao H, Ji H, Zhou N, Zhou Z, Liu H, Akhtar M, Xiao Y, Shi D. Enterococcus faecium HDRsEf1 Promotes Systemic Th1 Responses and Enhances Resistance to SalmonellaTyphimurium Infection. Nutrients 2023; 15:4241. [PMID: 37836523 PMCID: PMC10574401 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is known to regulate the immune system and thereby influence susceptibility to infection. In this study, we observed that the administration of Enterococcus faecium HDRsEf1 (HDRsEf1) led to an improvement in the development of the immune system. This was evidenced by an increase in both the spleen index and the area of spleen white pulp. Specifically, the proportion of T helper (Th) 1 cells and the production of IFN-γ and IL-12 were significantly increased in the spleens of mice treated with HDRsEf1. In agreement with the in vivo results, we found that Th1-related cytokines, including IFN-γ and IL-12p70, were strongly induced in splenocytes treated with HDRsEf1. In addition, Th1 cell activation and high-level secretion of IL-12p70 were also confirmed by coculture of CD4+ T cells with bone marrow-derived dendritic cells treated with HDRsEf1. Moreover, the employment of HDRsEf1 was identified to augment resilience against systemic infection provoked by S. Typhimurium and stimulate the expression of the genes for TNFα and iNOS in the initial stage of infection, signifying that reinforced Th1 cells and IL-12 might activate macrophages for antibacterial safeguards. In summary, our study suggests that HDRsEf1 could act as an effective immunobiotic functional agent, promoting systemic Th1 immunological responses and priming defenses against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (T.W.); (L.F.); (H.X.); (H.J.); (N.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tingyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (T.W.); (L.F.); (H.X.); (H.J.); (N.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lele Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (T.W.); (L.F.); (H.X.); (H.J.); (N.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongde Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (T.W.); (L.F.); (H.X.); (H.J.); (N.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Hui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (T.W.); (L.F.); (H.X.); (H.J.); (N.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Naiji Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (T.W.); (L.F.); (H.X.); (H.J.); (N.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zutao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (T.W.); (L.F.); (H.X.); (H.J.); (N.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Yuncai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (T.W.); (L.F.); (H.X.); (H.J.); (N.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Deshi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (T.W.); (L.F.); (H.X.); (H.J.); (N.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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El-Saadony MT, Saad AM, Yang T, Salem HM, Korma SA, Ahmed AE, Mosa WFA, Abd El-Mageed TA, Selim S, Al Jaouni SK, Zaghloul RA, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Tarabily KA, Ibrahim SA. Avian campylobacteriosis, prevalence, sources, hazards, antibiotic resistance, poultry meat contamination, and control measures: a comprehensive review. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102786. [PMID: 37454641 PMCID: PMC10371856 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian campylobacteriosis is a vandal infection that poses human health hazards. Campylobacter is usually colonized in the avian gut revealing mild signs in the infected birds, but retail chicken carcasses have high contamination levels of Campylobacter spp. Consequently, the contaminated avian products constitute the main source of human infection with campylobacteriosis and result in severe clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, spasm, and deaths in sensitive cases. Thus, the current review aims to shed light on the prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler chickens, Campylobacter colonization, bird immunity against Campylobacter, sources of poultry infection, antibiotic resistance, poultry meat contamination, human health hazard, and the use of standard antimicrobial technology during the chicken processing of possible control strategies to overcome such problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Sameh A Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid F A Mosa
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Taia A Abd El-Mageed
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed A Zaghloul
- Department Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qaluybia, 13736, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Salam A Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Carver Hall, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411-1064
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8
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Shen Y, Bai X, Wang J, Zhou X, Meng R, Guo N. Inhibitory Effect of Non-Saccharomyces Starmerella bacillaris CC-PT4 Isolated from Grape on MRSA Growth and Biofilm. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10146-7. [PMID: 37639210 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a notorious pathogen with biofilm-forming and drug-resistant properties that make it difficult to eradicate. In this study, the inhibition of MRSA (ATCC 43300) by Starmerella bacillaris CC-PT4 (CGMCC No. 23573) was evaluated. The results showed that the inhibition of MRSA growth and biofilm was caused by S. bacillaris CC-PT4 cell-free supernatant (CFS). The CFS of S. bacillaris CC PT4 at different times can effectively inhibit the formation of MRSA biofilm, remove the preformed biofilm, and down-regulate the related genes that promote the formation of biofilm. Afterwards, untargeted metabolomics was performed to analyze the CFS of S. bacillaris CC-PT4. Several molecules with antibacterial and inhibitory biofilm effects from the CFS were found, one of which, 2-amino-1-phenylethanol (APE), has not been reported to have antiMRSA ability before. In this study, molecular docking analysis and in vitro experiments were used to verify the function of APE to inhibit MRSA. These results indicate that S. bacillaris CC-PT4 CFS can effectively inhibit MRSA which has potential application value in controlling MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiran Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Rizeng Meng
- Technology Center of Changchun Customs, 130062, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Fan YC, Wu YT, Wu YHS, Wang CL, Chou CH, Chen YC, Tsai HJ. Investigation of Trehalose Supplementation Impacting Campylobacter jejuni and Clostridium perfringens from Broiler Farming. Vet Sci 2023; 10:466. [PMID: 37505870 PMCID: PMC10385778 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2006, the European Commission banned the use of antibiotic promoters in animal feed. However, there is a new situation in poultry disease where it is necessary to study feed additives, which can overcome the diseases that were previously controlled through the addition of antibiotics and antimicrobial growth promoters in the feed. Therefore, trehalose was investigated to determine whether it impacts the growth performance and pathogenic bacteria (C. jejuni and C. perfringens) inoculation in broilers. In the first experiment, the tolerance of broilers to the addition of trehalose to their feed was investigated. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in body weight changes, daily weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion ratio during the feeding period. Within a 35-day feeding period, it was concluded that a trehalose dosage up to 10% does not exert a negative effect on broiler farming. Moreover, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the broilers' growth performance, as well as C. jejuni and C. perfringens counts in the intestines and feces of broilers observed over a 5-week feeding period. However, Lactobacillus counts significantly increased in these groups with 3% and 5% trehalose supplementation. The findings indicate that trehalose supplementation in the feed cannot directly decrease C. jejuni and C. perfringens counts but may enhance gut health by raising Lactobacillus counts in chicken gut, particularly when enteropathogenic bacteria are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Chi Fan
- Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tei Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsieng Samuel Wu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University-Yangming Campus, 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lan Wang
- Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsi Chou
- Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Jung Tsai
- Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 106, Taiwan
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10
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Pang J, Looft T, Zhang Q, Sahin O. Deciphering the Association between Campylobacter Colonization and Microbiota Composition in the Intestine of Commercial Broilers. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1724. [PMID: 37512896 PMCID: PMC10386351 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a major food safety concern and is transmitted mainly via poultry meat. We previously found that some commercial broiler farms consistently produced Campylobacter-negative flocks while others were consistently Campylobacter-positive for consecutive production cycles although the farms operated under similar management practices. We hypothesized that this difference in Campylobacter colonization might be associated with the gut microbiota composition. To address this, six commercial broiler farms were selected based on their Campylobacter status (three negative and three positive) to evaluate the microbiota differences between each farm category. For each farm on each production cycle (2-3 cycles), 40 ceca collected from five-week-old broilers were processed for microbiota analysis via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Cecal microbiota species richness, phylogenetic diversity, community structure, and composition of Campylobacter-positive farms were noticeably different from those of Campylobacter-negative farms. Rikenella, Methanocorpusculum, Barnesiella, Parasutterella, and Helicobacter were significantly more abundant among Campylobacter-positive farms. In contrast, Ruminococcaceae, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Eggerthellaceae, Lactobacillus, Monoglobus, and Blausia were more abundant in Campylobacter-negative farms. Eggerthellaceae, Clostridia, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillus, Monoglobus, and Parabacteroides were significantly negatively correlated with Campylobacter abundance. These findings suggest that specific members of cecal microbiota may influence Campylobacter colonization in commercial broilers and may be further explored to control Campylobacter in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinji Pang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Torey Looft
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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11
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Rogers AP, Mileto SJ, Lyras D. Impact of enteric bacterial infections at and beyond the epithelial barrier. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:260-274. [PMID: 36175770 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00794-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The mucosal lining of the gut has co-evolved with a diverse microbiota over millions of years, leading to the development of specialized mechanisms to actively limit the invasion of pathogens. However, some enteric microorganisms have adapted against these measures, developing ways to hijack or overcome epithelial micro-integrity mechanisms. This breach of the gut barrier not only enables the leakage of host factors out of circulation but can also initiate a cascade of detrimental systemic events as microbiota, pathogens and their affiliated secretions passively leak into extra-intestinal sites. Under normal circumstances, gut damage is rapidly repaired by intestinal stem cells. However, with substantial and deep perturbation to the gut lining and the systemic dissemination of gut contents, we now know that some enteric infections can cause the impairment of host regenerative processes. Although these local and systemic aspects of enteric disease are often studied in isolation, they heavily impact one another. In this Review, by examining the journey of enteric infections from initial establishment to systemic sequelae and how, or if, the host can successfully repair damage, we will tie together these complex interactions to provide a holistic overview of the impact of enteric infections at and beyond the epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh P Rogers
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven J Mileto
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dena Lyras
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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12
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Zhen W, Zhu T, Wang P, Guo F, Zhang K, Zhang T, Jalukar S, Zhang Y, Bai D, Zhang C, Guo Y, Wang Z, Ma Y. Effect of dietary Saccharomyces-derived prebiotic refined functional carbohydrates as antibiotic alternative on growth performance and intestinal health of broiler chickens reared in a commercial farm. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102671. [PMID: 37120891 PMCID: PMC10172995 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for effective in-feed antibiotic alternative is growing due to the global trend to reduce or ban the utilization of antibiotics as growth promotors in poultry diets. This study was processed to assess the effect of dietary refined functional carbohydrates (RFCs) replacing antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) on growth performance, intestinal morphologic structure and microbiota, as well as intestinal immune function and barrier function of broilers reared on a commercial broilers farm. Trials contained 3 treatments with 4 replicate broiler houses, with about 25,000 birds each room. The treatments were control group (CON), RFCs group (CON + 100 mg/kg RFCs), and AGP group (CON + 50 mg/kg bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD), respectively. Results showed that RFCs and AGP group significantly increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) during d 22 to 45 in contrast to control. Compared with the control and AGP-treated groups, feeding RFCs increased (P < 0.05) jejunal villus height to crypt depth ratio. AGP addition reduced (P < 0.05) the jejunal villi surface area compared to broilers fed control and RFC supplemented diets. Supplementation of RFCs promoted (P < 0.05) the growth of Lactobacillus but inhibited Escherichia coli and Salmonella proliferation compared with the control group. Inclusion of RFCs and BMD enhanced (P < 0.05) antibody titers against avian influenza virus H9 compared with control. RFCs and AGP both down-regulated (P < 0.05) intestinal TLR4 mRNA levels, whereas RFCs tended to up-regulate (P = 0.05) IFN-γ gene expression compared to control. Expression of intestinal tight junction genes was not affected by either AGP or RFCs supplementation. Based on above observation, we suggested that RFCs could replace in-feed antibiotic BMD in broiler diets for reducing intestinal pathogenic bacteria and modulating immunity of broilers.
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13
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Antimicrobial Resistance and Recent Alternatives to Antibiotics for the Control of Bacterial Pathogens with an Emphasis on Foodborne Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020274. [PMID: 36830185 PMCID: PMC9952301 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most important global public health problems. The imprudent use of antibiotics in humans and animals has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The dissemination of these strains and their resistant determinants could endanger antibiotic efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify and develop novel strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. This review provides insights into the evolution and the mechanisms of AMR. Additionally, it discusses alternative approaches that might be used to control AMR, including probiotics, prebiotics, antimicrobial peptides, small molecules, organic acids, essential oils, bacteriophage, fecal transplants, and nanoparticles.
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14
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Khalifa A, Ibrahim HIM. Enterococcus faecium from chicken feces improves chicken immune response and alleviates Salmonella infections: a pilot study. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:6991176. [PMID: 36651637 PMCID: PMC10011332 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics reduce the emergence of antibiotic resistance in the livestock industry. Chicken feces are reservoirs of beneficial microbiomes. The aim of this study was to isolate putative probiotics from the intestinal contents of broiler chickens. Five fecal samples were collected from two poultry farms in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Of the 11 morphologically distinct isolates from chicken feces (CF) samples, five isolates displayed positive reactions to Gram staining, catalase, and oxidase tests, and reacted negatively to a hemolytic assay. The isolates CF1, CF2, CF3, CF8, and CF11 were selected for further analysis of probiotic characterization, gastric survival capacity, antibiotic susceptibility, and antimicrobial activity against poultry infected with Salmonella enterica. CF2 and CF11 showed the highest hydrophobic values (> 51% hydrophobic nature). CF1, CF2, and CF11 showed potent antimicrobial activities. The active isolate CF2 was identified as Enterococcus faecium by 16s rRNA sequencing and showed a genetic similarity of 99.1%. An in vivo study was conducted using a chicken model. Enterococcus faecium-fed chickens showed an improved body weight and a lower mortality rate (17-34%). Salmonella enterica colony-forming unit (CFU) invasion in the spleen and thymus was significantly reduced in the E. faecium-fed chickens. The fecal S. enterica load was reduced from CFU 6.8 to 3.9/g in oral-administered E. faecium-fed chickens. Enterococcus faecium-fed chickens showed increased levels (P < 0.01) of butyric acid and reduced levels (P < 0.01) of intestinal interleukin 1 beta, C-reactive protein, and interferon gamma levels compared to those in the S. enterica-infected chicken group. In addition, E. faecium showed significant binding to Caco-2 epithelial cells in vitro and inhibited S. enterica colonization, indicating co-aggregation of E. faecium in epithelial cells. These results revealed that an E. faecium formulation could prevent bacterial infection and improve the quality of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Khalifa
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.,Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hairul Islam Mohamed Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.,Molecular Biology Division, Pondicherry Centre for Biological Sciences and Educational Trust, Pondicherry, India
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15
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Taha-Abdelaziz K, Singh M, Sharif S, Sharma S, Kulkarni RR, Alizadeh M, Yitbarek A, Helmy YA. Intervention Strategies to Control Campylobacter at Different Stages of the Food Chain. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010113. [PMID: 36677405 PMCID: PMC9866650 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is one of the most common bacterial pathogens of food safety concern. Campylobacter jejuni infects chickens by 2-3 weeks of age and colonized chickens carry a high C. jejuni load in their gut without developing clinical disease. Contamination of meat products by gut contents is difficult to prevent because of the high numbers of C. jejuni in the gut, and the large percentage of birds infected. Therefore, effective intervention strategies to limit human infections of C. jejuni should prioritize the control of pathogen transmission along the food supply chain. To this end, there have been ongoing efforts to develop innovative ways to control foodborne pathogens in poultry to meet the growing customers' demand for poultry meat that is free of foodborne pathogens. In this review, we discuss various approaches that are being undertaken to reduce Campylobacter load in live chickens (pre-harvest) and in carcasses (post-harvest). We also provide some insights into optimization of these approaches, which could potentially help improve the pre- and post-harvest practices for better control of Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Mankerat Singh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shreeya Sharma
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Raveendra R. Kulkarni
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alexander Yitbarek
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Yosra A. Helmy
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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16
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Shojadoost B, Alizadeh M, Boodhoo N, Astill J, Karimi SH, Shoja Doost J, Taha-Abdelaziz K, Kulkarni R, Sharif S. Effects of Treatment with Lactobacilli on Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:1110-1129. [PMID: 35044636 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Growth promoter antibiotics have been commonly used for the control of necrotic enteritis (NE) in broilers for decades. However, due to a ban on the use of these antibiotics, alternatives such as probiotics have been tested widely for NE control. The present study tested the efficacy of four different species of lactobacilli (two isolates of Lactobacillus johnsonii and one of Ligilactobacillus (L.) salivarius, Limosilactobacillus (L.) reuteri, and L. crispatus) against NE. Day-old male broiler chickens were divided into six groups and orally inoculated with 1 × 107 or 1 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU) of lactobacilli on 1, 7, 14, and 20 days of age. While negative and positive control groups did not receive lactobacilli, the latter was challenged with Clostridium perfringens (CP). Chickens, at 21 days old, were challenged for 3 days with 3 × 108 CFU of a virulent strain of CP. Tissues were collected for immune system gene expression, immunophenotyping, intestinal histomorphometry, and microbiota analysis. Lactobacilli inoculation conferred partial protection in chickens against NE, marked by lowered lesion scores and improved villus:crypt ratio. Immunomodulatory effects were demonstrated by the significant alteration of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-12p35, IL-17, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) gene transcription in the duodenum and jejunum as well as subtle changes in the frequency of CD8 + T cells and B cells in the cecal tonsil of the treated chickens. Microbiota analysis showed increased levels of some bacterial phyla including Actinobacteria, Lactobacillaceae, and Firmicutes. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the use of certain lactobacilli can reduce NE severity and modulate immune responses and intestinal microbiota composition in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Shojadoost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nitish Boodhoo
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jake Astill
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Seyed Hossein Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Janan Shoja Doost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.,Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Al Shamlah, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.,Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Raveendra Kulkarni
- Dept of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Vet Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC -27607, USA
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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17
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Al Hakeem WG, Fathima S, Shanmugasundaram R, Selvaraj RK. Campylobacter jejuni in Poultry: Pathogenesis and Control Strategies. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2134. [PMID: 36363726 PMCID: PMC9697106 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
C. jejuni is the leading cause of human foodborne illness associated with poultry, beef, and pork consumption. C. jejuni is highly prevalent in commercial poultry farms, where horizontal transmission from the environment is considered to be the primary source of C. jejuni. As an enteric pathogen, C. jejuni expresses virulence factors regulated by a two-component system that mediates C. jejuni's ability to survive in the host. C. jejuni survives and reproduces in the avian intestinal mucus. The avian intestinal mucus is highly sulfated and sialylated compared with the human mucus modulating C. jejuni pathogenicity into a near commensal bacteria in poultry. Birds are usually infected from two to four weeks of age and remain colonized until they reach market age. A small dose of C. jejuni (around 35 CFU/mL) is sufficient for successful bird colonization. In the U.S., where chickens are raised under antibiotic-free environments, additional strategies are required to reduce C. jejuni prevalence on broilers farms. Strict biosecurity measures can decrease C. jejuni prevalence by more than 50% in broilers at market age. Vaccination and probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, organic acids, bacteriophages, bacteriocins, and quorum sensing inhibitors supplementation can improve gut health and competitively exclude C. jejuni load in broilers. Most of the mentioned strategies showed promising results; however, they are not fully implemented in poultry production. Current knowledge on C. jejuni's morphology, source of transmission, pathogenesis in poultry, and available preharvest strategies to decrease C. jejuni colonization in broilers are addressed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahna Fathima
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Revathi Shanmugasundaram
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Ramesh K. Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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18
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Lactobacilli, a Weapon to Counteract Pathogens through the Inhibition of Their Virulence Factors. J Bacteriol 2022; 204:e0027222. [PMID: 36286515 PMCID: PMC9664955 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00272-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, several studies have reported an alarming increase in pathogen resistance to current antibiotic therapies and treatments. Therefore, the search for effective alternatives to counter their spread and the onset of infections is becoming increasingly important.
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19
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Balta I, Butucel E, Stef L, Pet I, Gradisteanu-Pircalabioru G, Chifiriuc C, Gundogdu O, McCleery D, Corcionivoschi N. Anti- Campylobacter Probiotics: Latest Mechanistic Insights. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:693-703. [PMID: 35905047 PMCID: PMC9595622 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Campylobacter genus is the leading cause of human gastroenteritis, with the consumption of contaminated poultry meat as the main route of infection. Probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Escherichia coli Nissle, and Bifidobacterium species, have a great immunomodulatory capacity and exhibit antipathogenic effects through various molecular mechanisms. Reducing Campylobacter levels in livestock animals, such as poultry, will have a substantial benefit to humans as it will reduce disease transmissibility through the food chain. Moreover, probiotic-based strategies might attenuate intestinal inflammatory processes, which consequently reduce the severity of Campylobacter disease progression. At a molecular level, probiotics can also negatively impact on the functionality of various Campylobacter virulence and survival factors (e.g., adhesion, invasion), and on the associated colonization proteins involved in epithelial translocation. The current review describes recent in vitro, in vivo, and preclinical findings on probiotic therapies, aiming to reduce Campylobacter counts in poultry and reduce the pathogen's virulence in the avian and human host. Moreover, we focused in particular on probiotics with known anti-Campylobacter activity seeking to understand the biological mechanisms involved in their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igori Balta
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine-King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Eugenia Butucel
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine-King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Stef
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine-King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Pet
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine-King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Carmen Chifiriuc
- Research Institute of University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ozan Gundogdu
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - David McCleery
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine-King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
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20
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Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 Activates Intestinal Mucosal Immune System by Regulating Cecal Microbial Community Structure in Laying Hens. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071469. [PMID: 35889188 PMCID: PMC9323127 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The production performance and disease resistance of laying hens decrease obviously with age. This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementary Lactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius) SNK-6 on laying performance, the immune-related gene expression in cecal tonsil, and the cecal microbial composition of laying hens. Here, 384 Xinyang black commercial hens (55 weeks old) were randomly allocated to three groups under the same husbandry and dietary regimes: basal diet (Con), the low L. salivarius SNK-6 group (T1: 1.0 × 106 CFU/g), and the high L. salivarius SNK-6 group (T2: 1.0 × 107 CFU/g). The results showed that the feed intake and broken-egg rate in the T1 group were significantly higher than the Con group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, expressions of intestinal mucosal immune-related genes were significantly upregulated. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that supplementary L. salivarius SNK-6 had no significant difference in α -diversity and only displayed a trend difference in the β-diversity of cecal microbiota (p = 0.07). LEfSe and random forest were further used to identify bacteria family Enterobacteriaceae, order RF39, genera Ochrobactrum, and Eubacterium as biomarkers between the Con and T1 groups. Genera Ochrobactrum, which had high relative abundance and nodal degree in the T1 and T2 groups, showed a significant positive correlation with the expression of TLR-6, IL-10, MHC-II, and CD40 in cecal tonsils and might play a critical role in activating the host intestinal mucosal immune responses. Overall, dietary supplementary L. salivarius SNK-6 can display an immunomodulatory function, possibly by regulating cecal microbial composition. However, the changes in immune responses may be at the expenditure of corresponding production performance, which needs to be weighed up in practical application.
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Characterization of vaccine-induced immune responses against coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Vaccine 2022; 40:3893-3902. [PMID: 35623907 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria protozoan species, is an economically important enteric disease of poultry. Although commercial live vaccines are widely used for disease control, the vaccine-induced protective immune mechanisms are poorly characterized. The present study used a commercial broiler vaccine containing a mixture of E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella. One-day-old chicks were vaccinated by spray followed by a challenge at 21 days of age with a mixture of wild type Eimeria species via oral gavage. Oocyst shedding, immune gene expression and cellular responses in the spleen and cecal tonsils were measured at pre- (days 14 and 21) and post-challenge (days 24, 28 and 35) time points. Results showed that the oocyst counts were significantly reduced in the vaccinated chickens at post-challenge compared to unvaccinated control group. While the vaccinated birds had a significantly increased toll-like receptor (TLR) 21 gene expression at pre-challenge, the transcription of interferon (IFN)γ, Interleukin (IL)-12 and CD40 genes in spleen and cecal tonsils of these birds was significantly higher at post-challenge compared to unvaccinated chickens. Cellular immunophenotyping analysis found that vaccination led to increased frequency of macrophages and activated T cells (CD8+CD44+ and CD4+CD44+) in the spleen and cecal tonsils at post-challenge. Furthermore, in vitro stimulation of chicken macrophages (MQ-NCSU cells) with purified individual species of E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella showed a significantly increased expression of TLR21, TLR2 and IFNγ genes as well as nitric oxide production. Collectively, these findings suggest that TLR21 and TLR2 may be involved in the immune cell recognition of Eimeria parasites and that the vaccine can induce a robust macrophage activation leading to a T helper-1 dominated protective response at both local and systemic lymphoid tissues.
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Probiotics as Alternatives to Antibiotics for the Prevention and Control of Necrotic Enteritis in Chickens. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060692. [PMID: 35745546 PMCID: PMC9229159 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE) in poultry is an economically important disease caused by Clostridium perfringens type A bacteria. A global trend on restricting the use of antibiotics as feed supplements in food animal production has caused a spike in the NE incidences in chickens, particularly in broiler populations. Amongst several non-antibiotic strategies for NE control tried so far, probiotics seem to offer promising avenues. The current review focuses on studies that have evaluated probiotic effects on C. perfringens growth and NE development. Several probiotic species, including Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Bacillus, and Bacteroides bacteria as well as some yeast species have been tested in chickens against C. perfringens and NE development. These findings have shown to improve bird performance, reduce C. perfringens colonization and NE-associated pathology. The underlying probiotic mechanisms of NE control suggest that probiotics can help maintain a healthy gut microbial balance by modifying its composition, improve mucosal integrity by upregulating expression of tight-junction proteins, and modulate immune responses by downregulating expression of inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, these studies indicate that probiotics can offer a promising platform for NE control and that more investigations are needed to study whether these experimental probiotics can effectively prevent NE in commercial poultry operational settings.
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Meng F, Zhang F, Chen Q, Yang M, Yang Y, Li X, Gu W, Yu J. Virtual screening and in vitro experimental verification of LuxS inhibitors from natural products for Lactobacillus reuteri. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112521. [PMID: 35149360 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid proliferation and colonization of probiotics in the intestines are essential for human health. Quorum sensing (QS) is a communication mechanism among bacteria, which can regulate various bacterial crowd behavior. This study aimed to enhance the viability of Lactobacillus reuteri 1-12 by regulating QS. Herein, we built a database containing 72 natural products (previously reported) that can improve intestinal flora. Virtual screening (VS) was subsequently conducted to screen four potential active compounds. After that, molecular docking was conducted to analyze the binding mode of the four natural products to S-Ribosylhomocysteinase (LuxS). The results showed that norathyriol, mangiferin, baicalein, and kaempferol had good binding ability to LuxS. The validation experiment showed that norathyriol, mangiferin, baicalein, and kaempferol could inhibit the production of autoinducer-2 (AI-2). Moreover, mangiferin significantly increased L. reuteri 1-12 biomass and promoted L. reuteri 1-12 biofilm formation and structure. Besides, only mangiferin inhibited luxS expression, thus increasing L. reuteri 1-12 biomass. This research indicated that mangiferin may be a potential inhibitor of LuxS, promoting the probiotic properties of L. reuteri and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanying Meng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiuding Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Yang
- Kunming Third People's Hospital, 319 Wujing Road, Guandu District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yaqin Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen Gu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jie Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Juricova H, Matiasovicova J, Faldynova M, Sebkova A, Kubasova T, Prikrylova H, Karasova D, Crhanova M, Havlickova H, Rychlik I. Probiotic Lactobacilli Do Not Protect Chickens against Salmonella Enteritidis Infection by Competitive Exclusion in the Intestinal Tract but in Feed, Outside the Chicken Host. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020219. [PMID: 35208674 PMCID: PMC8877478 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are commonly used as probiotics in poultry to improve production parameters and to increase chicken resistance to enteric infections. However, lactobacilli do not efficiently colonise the chicken intestinal tract, and also, their anti-infection effect in vivo is sometimes questionable. In this study, we therefore evaluated the potential of a mixture of four Lactobacillus species (L. salivarius, L. reuteri, L. ingluviei and L. alvi) for the protection of chickens against Salmonella Enteritidis infection. Whenever the chickens were inoculated by lactobacilli and S. Enteritidis separately, there was no protective effect of lactobacilli. This means that when lactobacilli and S. Enteritidis are exposed to each other as late as in the crop of chickens, lactobacilli did not influence chicken resistance to S. Enteritidis at all. The only positive effect was recorded when the mixture of lactobacilli and S. Enteritidis was used for the inoculation of feed and the feed was anaerobically fermented for 1 to 5 days. In this case, chickens fed such a diet remained S. Enteritidis negative. In vitro experiments showed that the protective effect was caused by acidification of feed down to pH 4.6 due to lactobacilli fermentation and was associated with S. Enteritidis inactivation. The probiotic effect of lactobacilli was thus expressed in the feed, outside the chicken host.
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25
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AL-MEGRIN WA, YEHIA HM, KORANY SM, ALKHATEEB MA, ALAHDAL H, SONBOL H, ALKHURIJI AF, ELKHADRAGY MF. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of probiotic as immunomodulatory and anti-Campylobacter agent. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.20322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hadil ALAHDAL
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana SONBOL
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Wyszyńska AK, Godlewska R. Lactic Acid Bacteria - A Promising Tool for Controlling Chicken Campylobacter Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:703441. [PMID: 34650524 PMCID: PMC8506037 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.703441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2005, campylobacteriosis has been the most common zoonotic disease in Europe. The main reservoir of pathogenic Campylobacter strains is broilers, which makes raw and undercooked poultry meat two major sources of disease. Infection in chicken flocks is most often asymptomatic, despite a high level of colonization reaching 106-109cfu/g in animal ceca. It is widely believed that controlling the level of colonization of the birds' digestive tract by pathogenic strains is a good way to increase food safety. Many treatments have been proposed to combat or at least reduce the level of colonization in animals reservoirs: probiotics, bacteriophages, vaccines, and anti-Campylobacter bacteriocins. This review focuses on the effects of Campylobacter infection on the chicken microbiome and colonization control strategies using probiotics (mostly lactic acid bacteria, LAB), which are live microorganisms included in the diet of animals as feed additives or supplements. Probiotics are not only an alternative to antibiotics, which were used for years as animal growth promoters, but they also constitute an effective protective barrier against excessive colonization of the digestive system by pathogenic bacteria, including Campylobacter. Moreover, one of the many beneficial functions of probiotics is the ability to manipulate the host's microbiota. Recently, there have also been some promising attempts to use lactic acid bacteria as a delivery system of oral vaccine against Campylobacter. Recombinant LAB strains induce primarily a mucosal immune response against foreign antigens, accompanied by at most a low-level immune response against carrier strains. Since the main barrier against the invasion of pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract is the intestinal mucosal membrane, the development of effective oral vaccines to protect animals against enteric infection is very reasonable.
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Sudan S, Flick R, Nong L, Li J. Potential Probiotic Bacillus subtilis Isolated from a Novel Niche Exhibits Broad Range Antibacterial Activity and Causes Virulence and Metabolic Dysregulation in Enterotoxic E. coli. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1483. [PMID: 34361918 PMCID: PMC8307078 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial life in extreme environments, such as deserts and deep oceans, is thought to have evolved to overcome constraints of nutrient availability, temperature, and suboptimal hygiene environments. Isolation of probiotic bacteria from such niche may provide a competitive edge over traditional probiotics. Here, we tested the survival, safety, and antimicrobial effect of a recently isolated and potential novel strain of Bacillus subtilis (CP9) from desert camel in vitro. Antimicrobial assays were performed via radial diffusion, agar spot, and co-culture assays. Cytotoxic analysis was performed using pig intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). Real time-PCR was performed for studying the effect on ETEC virulence genes and metabolomic analysis was performed using LC-MS. The results showed that CP9 cells were viable in varied bile salts and in low pH environments. CP9 showed no apparent cytotoxicity in IPEC-J2 cells. CP9 displayed significant bactericidal effect against Enterotoxic E. coli (ETEC), Salmonella Typhimurium, and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a contact inhibitory fashion. CP9 reduced the expression of ETEC virulent genes during a 5 h co-culture. Additionally, a unique emergent metabolic signature in co-culture samples was observed by LC-MS analysis. Our findings indicate that CP9 exhibits a strong antibacterial property and reveals potential mechanisms behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Sudan
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Robert Flick
- Biozone, Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada;
| | - Linda Nong
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Julang Li
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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28
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Flynn JK, Langner CA, Karmele EP, Baker PJ, Pei L, Gorfu EG, Bochart RM, Santiana M, Smelkinson MG, Nutman TB, Altan-Bonnet N, Bosinger SE, Kelsall BL, Brenchley JM, Ortiz AM. Luminal microvesicles uniquely influence translocating bacteria after SIV infection. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:937-948. [PMID: 33731830 PMCID: PMC8225551 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbial translocation contributes to persistent inflammation in both treated and untreated HIV infection. Although translocation is due in part to a disintegration of the intestinal epithelial barrier, there is a bias towards the translocation of Proteobacteria. We hypothesized that intestinal epithelial microvesicle cargo differs after HIV infection and contributes to biased translocation. We isolated gastrointestinal luminal microvesicles before and after progressive simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in rhesus macaques and measured miRNA and antimicrobial peptide content. We demonstrate that these microvesicles display decreased miR-28-5p, -484, -584-3p, and -584-5p, and let-7b-3p, as well as increased beta-defensin 1 after SIV infection. We further observed dose-dependent growth sensitivity of commensal Lactobacillus salivarius upon co-culture with isolated microvesicles. Infection-associated microvesicle differences were not mirrored in non-progressively SIV-infected sooty mangabeys. Our findings describe novel alterations of antimicrobial control after progressive SIV infection that influence the growth of translocating bacterial taxa. These studies may lead to the development of novel therapeutics for treating chronic HIV infection, microbial translocation, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob K. Flynn
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Charlotte A. Langner
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Erik P. Karmele
- Mucosal Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Phillip J. Baker
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Luxin Pei
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Edlawit G. Gorfu
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rachele M. Bochart
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center (YNPRC), Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Marianita Santiana
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Thomas B. Nutman
- Helminth Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Nihal Altan-Bonnet
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Yerkes Nonhuman Primate Genomics Core Laboratory, YNPRC, Atlanta, GA 30329,Division of Microbiology & Immunology, YNPRC, Atlanta, GA 30329,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Brian L. Kelsall
- Mucosal Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jason M. Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892,Corresponding author: Jason Brenchley, 4 Memorial Drive, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD 20892, Phone: 301-496-1498, Fax: 301-480-1535,
| | - Alexandra M. Ortiz
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
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Śmiałek M, Kowalczyk J, Koncicki A. The Use of Probiotics in the Reduction of Campylobacter spp. Prevalence in Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1355. [PMID: 34068764 PMCID: PMC8150830 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are widely distributed microorganisms, many of which are commensals of gastrointestinal tract in multiple animal species, including poultry. Most commonly detected are C. jejuni and C. coli. Although infections are usually asymptomatic in poultry, poultry meat and products represent main sources of infection with these bacteria to humans. According to recent EFSA report, campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported zoonotic disease. In 2018, EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards indicated that use of feed and water additives is the second most likely strategy that can be successful in minimizing Campylobacter spp. colonization rate in broiler chickens. One of those feed and water additives are probiotics. From numerous research papers it can be concluded that probiotics exhibit plenty of mechanisms of anti-Campylobacter activity, which were evaluated under in vitro conditions. These results, to some extent, can explain the efficacy of probiotics in in vivo studies, although different outcome can be observed under these two laboratory conditions. Probiotics are capable of reducing Campylobacter spp. population count in poultry gastrointestinal tract and they can reduce carcass contamination. Potential modes of anti-Campylobacter activity of probiotics, results of in vivo studies and studies performed at a farm level are widely discussed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Śmiałek
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.K.); (A.K.)
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30
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Alizadeh M, Bavananthasivam J, Shojadoost B, Astill J, Taha-Abdelaziz K, Alqazlan N, Boodhoo N, Shoja Doost J, Sharif S. In Ovo and Oral Administration of Probiotic Lactobacilli Modulate Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immune Responses in Newly Hatched Chicks. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664387. [PMID: 33912191 PMCID: PMC8072127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is some evidence that lactobacilli can strengthen the immune system of chickens. This study evaluated the effects of in ovo and oral administration of a lactobacilli cocktail on cytokine gene expression, antibody-mediated immune responses, and spleen cellularity in chickens. Lactobacilli were administered either in ovo at embryonic day 18, orally at days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-hatches, or a combination of both in ovo and post-hatch inoculation. On day 5 and 10 post-hatch, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were collected for gene expression and cell composition analysis. On days 14 and 21 post-hatch, birds were immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), and sera were collected on days 7, 14, and 21 post-primary immunization. Birds that received lactobacilli (107 CFU) via in ovo followed by weekly oral administration showed a greater immune response by enhancing antibody responses, increasing the percentage of CD4+ and CD4+CD25+ T cells in the spleen and upregulating the expression of interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-13, and IL-18 in the spleen and expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and IL-18 in the bursa. These findings suggest that pre-and post-hatch administration of lactobacilli can modulate the immune response in newly hatched chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jegarubee Bavananthasivam
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine & McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bahram Shojadoost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jake Astill
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Quality Control Department, Artemis Technologies Inc., Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Nadiyah Alqazlan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nitish Boodhoo
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Janan Shoja Doost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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A One Health Perspective on a Multi-hurdle Approach to Combat Campylobacter spp. in Broiler Meat. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-021-00167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Song H, Kim J, Guk JH, Kim WH, Nam H, Suh JG, Seong JK, Cho S. Metagenomic Analysis of the Gut Microbiota of Wild Mice, a Newly Identified Reservoir of Campylobacter. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:596149. [PMID: 33604305 PMCID: PMC7884769 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.596149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter, the most common etiologic agent of zoonotic gastroenteritis in humans, is present in many reservoirs including livestock animals, wildlife, soil, and water. Previously, we reported a novel Campylobacter jejuni strain SCJK02 (MLST ST-8388) from the gut of wild mice (Micromys minutus) using culture-dependent methods. However, due to fastidious growth conditions and the presence of viable but non-culturable Campylobacter spp., it is unclear whether M. minutus is a Campylobacter reservoir. This study aimed to: 1) determine the distribution and proportion of Campylobacter spp. in the gut microbiota of wild mice using culture-independent methods and 2) investigate the gut microbiota of wild mice and the relationship of Campylobacter spp. with other gut microbes. The gut microbiota of 38 wild mice captured from perilla fields in Korea and without any clinical symptoms (18 M. minutus and 20 Mus musculus) were analyzed. Metagenomic analysis showed that 77.8% (14 of 18) of the captured M. minutus harbored Campylobacter spp. (0.24–32.92%) in the gut metagenome, whereas none of the captured M. musculus carried Campylobacter spp. in their guts. Notably, 75% (6 of 8) of M. minutus determined to be Campylobacter-negative using culture-dependent methods showed a high proportion of Campylobacter through metagenome analysis. The results of metagenome analysis and the absence of clinical symptoms suggest that Campylobacter may be a component of the normal gut flora of wild M. minutus. Furthermore, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) showed that Campylobacter was the most enriched genus in the gut microbiota of M. minutus (LDA score, 5.37), whereas Lactobacillus was the most enriched genus in M. musculus (LDA score, −5.96). The differences in the presence of Campylobacter between the two species of wild mice may be attributed to the differential abundance of Campylobacter and Lactobacillus in their respective gut microbiota. In conclusion, the results indicate that wild M. minutus may serve as a potential Campylobacter reservoir. This study presents the first metagenomics analysis of the M. minutus gut microbiota to explore its possible role as an environmental Campylobacter reservoir and provides a basis for future studies using culture-independent methods to determine the role of environmental reservoirs in Campylobacter transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyokeun Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junhyung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Guk
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Hyun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hajin Nam
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jun Gyo Suh
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongbeom Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Shojadoost B, Alizadeh M, Taha-Abdelaziz K, Shoja Doost J, Astill J, Sharif S. In Ovo Inoculation of Vitamin A Modulates Chicken Embryo Immune Functions. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2021; 41:20-28. [PMID: 33471614 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2020.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A mediates many important biological functions in humans and animals. Presence of vitamin A receptors on immune system cells emphasizes their role in immune functions. To assess the effects of in ovo inoculation of vitamin A on the immune system of chicken embryos, 18 days old embryonated eggs were inoculated with 3 different concentrations of retinoic acid (the active form of vitamin A) at 30, 90, and 270 μmol/egg via the amniotic sac. After 6, 18, and 24 h, the spleen and bursa of the embryos were collected for RNA extraction and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results were dose dependant. After 24 h, inoculation with 270 μmol/egg downregulated relative expression of interferon IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, CXCLi2, IL-12, and IL-13 compared to control in the spleen, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect at this concentration. In comparison, 90 μmol/egg induced greater expressions of the above genes at the same timepoint compared to the 270 μmol. The results of this study indicate that in ovo inoculation of vitamin A can modulate immune functions of the chicken embryo, which might be beneficial for induction of immune responses by in ovo vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Shojadoost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Janan Shoja Doost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Jake Astill
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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Deng W, Dittoe DK, Pavilidis HO, Chaney WE, Yang Y, Ricke SC. Current Perspectives and Potential of Probiotics to Limit Foodborne Campylobacter in Poultry. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:583429. [PMID: 33414767 PMCID: PMC7782433 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.583429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry has been one of the major contributors of Campylobacter related human foodborne illness. Numerous interventions have been applied to limit Campylobacter colonization in poultry at the farm level, but other strategies are under investigation to achieve more efficient control. Probiotics are viable microbial cultures that can establish in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the host animal and elicit health and nutrition benefits. In addition, the early establishment of probiotics in the GIT can serve as a barrier to foodborne pathogen colonization. Thus, probiotics are a potential feed additive for reducing and eliminating the colonization of Campylobacter in the GIT of poultry. Screening probiotic candidates is laborious and time-consuming, requiring several tests and validations both in vitro and in vivo. The selected probiotic candidate should possess the desired physiological characteristics and anti-Campylobacter effects. Probiotics that limit Campylobacter colonization in the GIT rely on different mechanistic strategies such as competitive exclusion, antagonism, and immunomodulation. Although numerous research efforts have been made, the application of Campylobacter limiting probiotics used in poultry remains somewhat elusive. This review summarizes current research progress on identifying and developing probiotics against Campylobacter and presenting possible directions for future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Deng
- Center of Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Dana K. Dittoe
- Center of Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | | | - Yichao Yang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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Probiotic Lactobacilli Limit Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H9N2 Replication in Chicken Cecal Tonsil Mononuclear Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040605. [PMID: 33066282 PMCID: PMC7712974 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H9N2 poses significant threat to animal and human health. The growing interest in beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria on host immune system has led to research efforts studying their interaction with cells of host immune system. However, the role of lactobacilli in inducing antiviral responses in lymphoid tissue cells requires further investigation. The objective of the present study was to examine the antiviral and immunostimulatory effects of lactobacilli bacteria on chicken cecal tonsils (CT) cells against H9N2 LPAIV. CT mononuclear cells were stimulated with probiotic Lactobacillus spp mixture either alone or in combination with a Toll-like receptor (TLR)21 ligand, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG). Pre-treatment of CT cells with probiotic lactobacilli, alone or in combination with CpG, significantly reduced H9N2 LPAIV replication. Furthermore, lactobacilli alone elicited cytokine expression, including IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12, and IL-10, while when combined with CpG, a significantly higher expression of (interferon-stimulated gene (viperin)), IL-12, IL-6, CXCLi2, and IL-1β was observed. However, none of these treatments induced significant changes in nitric oxide production by CT cells. In conclusion, probiotic lactobacilli demonstrated a modulatory effect on CT cells, and this correlated with enhanced antiviral immunity and reduced H9N2 LPAIV viral replication.
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Shah BR, Li B, Al Sabbah H, Xu W, Mráz J. Effects of prebiotic dietary fibers and probiotics on human health: With special focus on recent advancement in their encapsulated formulations. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020; 102:178-192. [PMID: 32834500 PMCID: PMC7309926 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Dietary fibers (DFs) are known as potential formulations in human health due to their beneficial effects in control of life-threatening chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus, obesity and cancer. In recent decades scientists around the globe have shown tremendous interest to evaluate the interplay between DFs and gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota. Evidences from various epidemiological and clinical trials have revealed that DFs modulate formation and metabolic activities of the microbial communities residing in the human GIT which in turn play significant roles in maintaining health and well-being. Furthermore, interestingly, a rapidly growing literature indicates success of DFs being prebiotics in immunomodulation, namely the stimulation of innate, cellular and humoral immune response, which could also be linked with their significant roles in modulation of the probiotics (live beneficial microorganisms). Scope and approach The main focus of the current review is to expressively highlight the importance of DFs being prebiotics in human health in association with their influence on gut microbiota. Now in order to significantly achieve the promising health benefits from these prebiotics, it is aimed to develop novel formulations to enhance and scale up their efficacy. Therefore, finally, herein unlike previously published articles, we highlighted different kinds of prebiotic and probiotic formulations which are being regarded as hot research topics among the scientific community now a days. Conclusion The information in this article will specifically provide a platform for the development of novel functional foods the demands for which has risen drastically in recent years.
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Key Words
- CS, chitosan
- Dietary fiber
- Encapsulation
- FOS, Fructooligosaccharide
- Formulations
- GIT, Gastro intestinal tract
- GO, gum odina
- Gut micro-biota
- Human health
- In, Inulin
- MD, maltodextrin
- OL, oligofructose
- OSA, octenyl-succinic anhydride
- PS, potato starch
- PSY, plantago psyllium
- Prebiotics
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakht Ramin Shah
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haleama Al Sabbah
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jan Mráz
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Knysh OV, Pogorila MS, Voyda YV. In vitro immunomodulatory effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus reuteri cell free extracts. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that alterations of the immune response in the gastrointestinal mucosa are key components of the mechanism of the probiotic action of beneficial bacteria. Most of the beneficial effects of probiotics are due to the action of their structural components and metabolites. Macrophages are first-line defense cells of the immune system, which not only participate in the detection, phagocytosis and destruction of harmful microorganisms, but also determine the nature of the subsequent immune response by presenting antigens to T-cells and initiating inflammation by releasing cytokines. We researched the effect of two types of cell-free extracts (CFEs) containing probiotic derivatives (structural components and metabolites of bacteria) Bifidobacterium bifidum 1 (BbCFE) and Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LrCFE) on the activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages and on the ability of peripheral human blood mononuclear cells to produce cytokines. CFEs were obtained by culturing probiotics in their own disintegrates and then removing cells and cell debris by centrifugation and filtration. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from mice. Some of them were infected in vitro by Salmonella thyphimurium. Uninfected and infected macrophages were incubated in culture medium containing (30% vol) or not containing CFEs at 37 °С in a microaerobic atmosphere (5% СО2) for 18 hours. After incubation, peritoneal macrophages were lysed. The obtained suspensions were centrifuged and supernatants were carefully collected. Macrophages activity was assessed by the nitrites level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and antiinflammatory cytokines levels in supernatants using spectrophotometric method. Peripheral mononuclear cells were isolated from the blood of healthy volunteers. The ability of peripheral mononuclear blood cells to produce antiinflammatory cytokines was evaluated after cell stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and incubation with or without CFEs. Cytokine levels in supernatants were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After infection with S. thyphimurium in macrophages, nitrite levels increased 5.5-fold, SOD activity 4.8-fold, and LDH 2-fold. Both studied CFEs exerted a similar effect on the macrophages’ activity. Addition of BbCFE to the incubation medium of infected macrophages resulted in a 4-fold decrease in nitrite levels, and the addition of LrCFE was accompanied by a decrease in nitrite levels to levels in intact cells. Under the influence of both CFEs, the activity of SOD and LDH was significantly reduced and did not differ significantly from the activity of these enzymes in intact cells. BbCFE and LrCFE did not have a significant effect on nitrite levels, SOD and LDH activity in intact macrophages. Under the influence of BbCFE, there was a 2-fold decrease in the production of TNF, a 2-fold increase in IL10 production, and a 30% increase in IL6 production by mononuclear cells. LrCFE caused a decrease in TNF production by 26.7% and IL6 by 36%, and IL10 by 1.9 times. Thus, the studied CFEs normalized the nitrite levels in peritoneal macrophages infected with S. thyphymurium and infection-induced activation of SOD and LDH enzymes. This demonstrates their ability to modulate oxidative processes in macrophages. In addition, under the influence of the investigated CFEs, there was a decrease in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-6) and increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) by human peripheral mononuclear cells. The results of the study indicate the ability of CFEs by influencing the functions of innate immunity cells to restrict the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Based on this, CFEs can be considered as promising agents for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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