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Teurtrie A, Perraudin N, Holvoet T, Chen H, Alexander DTL, Obozinski G, Hébert C. espm: A Python library for the simulation of STEM-EDXS datasets. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 249:113719. [PMID: 37003127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
We present two open-source Python packages: "electron spectro-microscopy" (espm) and "electron microscopy tables" (emtables). The espm software enables the simulation of scanning transmission electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy datacubes, based on user-defined chemical compositions and spatial abundance maps of constituent phases. The simulation process uses X-ray emission cross-sections generated via state-of-the-art calculations made with emtables. These tables are designed to be easily modifiable, either manually or using espm. The simulation framework is designed to test the application of decomposition algorithms for the analysis of STEM-EDX spectrum images with access to a known ground truth. We validate our approach using the case of a complex geology-related sample, comparing raw simulated and experimental datasets and the outputs of their non-negative matrix factorization. In addition to testing machine learning algorithms, our packages will also help experimental design, for instance, predicting dataset characteristics or establishing minimum counts needed to measure nanoscale features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Teurtrie
- Electron Spectrometry and Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Physics (IPHYS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland; Unité Matériaux et Transformations, UMR-CNRS 8207, Université de Lille, Cité scientifique, Bâtiment C6, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Nathanaël Perraudin
- Swiss Data Science Center, EPFL & ETH Zürich, Turnerstrasse 1, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Holvoet
- Swiss Data Science Center, EPFL & ETH Zürich, Turnerstrasse 1, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hui Chen
- Electron Spectrometry and Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Physics (IPHYS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Duncan T L Alexander
- Electron Spectrometry and Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Physics (IPHYS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Obozinski
- Swiss Data Science Center, EPFL & ETH Zürich, Turnerstrasse 1, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Hébert
- Electron Spectrometry and Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Physics (IPHYS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Materials (IMX), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Türk H, Götsch T, Schmidt FP, Hammud A, Ivanov D, de Haart L(B, Vinke I, Eichel RA, Schlögl R, Reuter K, Knop-Gericke A, Lunkenbein T, Scheurer C. Sr Surface Enrichment in Solid Oxide Cells ‐ Approaching the Limits of EDX Analysis by Multivariate Statistical Analysis and Simulations. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Türk
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Theory Department Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Thomas Götsch
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Department of Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Franz-Philipp Schmidt
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Department of Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Adnan Hammud
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Department of Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Danail Ivanov
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Department of Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - L.G.J. (Bert) de Haart
- Julich Research Centre Institute of Energy and Climate Research Helmholtz-Institute Münster: Ionics in Energy Storage: Forschungszentrum Julich Helmholtz-Institut Munster Institut fur Energie- und Klimaforschung Elektrochemische Verfahrenstechnik Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9) GERMANY
| | - Izaak Vinke
- Julich Research Centre Institute of Energy and Climate Research Helmholtz-Institute Münster: Ionics in Energy Storage: Forschungszentrum Julich Helmholtz-Institut Munster Institut fur Energie- und Klimaforschung Elektrochemische Verfahrenstechnik Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9) GERMANY
| | - Rüdiger-A Eichel
- Julich Research Centre Institute of Energy and Climate Research Helmholtz-Institute Münster: Ionics in Energy Storage: Forschungszentrum Julich Helmholtz-Institut Munster Institut fur Energie- und Klimaforschung Elektrochemische Verfahrenstechnik Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9) GERMANY
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Department of Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Theory Department GERMANY
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9) GERMANY
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Department of Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Christoph Scheurer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Theory Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin GERMANY
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Ryu J, Kim H, Kim RM, Kim S, Jo J, Lee S, Nam KT, Joo YC, Yi GC, Lee J, Kim M. Dimensionality reduction and unsupervised clustering for EELS-SI. Ultramicroscopy 2021; 231:113314. [PMID: 34024663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel combination of machine learning algorithms is proposed for the differentiation of distinct spectra in a large electron energy loss spectroscopy spectrum image (EELS-SI) dataset. For clustering of the EEL spectra including similar fine structures in an efficient space, linear and nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods are used to project the EEL spectra onto a low-dimensional space. Then, a density-based clustering algorithm is applied to distinguish the meaningful data clusters. By applying this strategy to various experimental EELS-SI datasets, differentiation of several groups of EEL spectra representing specific fine structures was achieved. It is possible to investigate particular fine structures by averaging all of the spectra in each cluster. Also, the spatial distributions of each cluster in the scanning regions can be observed, which enables investigation of the locations of different fine structures in materials. This method does not require any prior knowledge, i.e., it is a data-driven analysis; therefore, it can be applied to any hyperspectral image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Ryu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeohn Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ryeong Myeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungtae Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeyeon Jo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Chang Joo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyu-Chul Yi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaejin Lee
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, South Korea.
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Extraction of physically meaningful endmembers from STEM spectrum-images combining geometrical and statistical approaches. Micron 2021; 145:103068. [PMID: 33892400 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This article addresses extraction of physically meaningful information from STEM EELS and EDX spectrum-images using methods of Multivariate Statistical Analysis. The problem is interpreted in terms of data distribution in a multi-dimensional factor space, which allows for a straightforward and intuitively clear comparison of various approaches. A new computationally efficient and robust method for finding physically meaningful endmembers in spectrum-image datasets is presented. The method combines the geometrical approach of Vertex Component Analysis with the statistical approach of Bayesian inference. The algorithm is described in detail at an example of EELS spectrum-imaging of a multi-compound CMOS transistor.
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Thersleff T, Budnyk S, Drangai L, Slabon A. Dissecting complex nanoparticle heterostructures via multimodal data fusion with aberration-corrected STEM spectroscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2020; 219:113116. [PMID: 33032159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.113116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
With nanostructured materials such as catalytic heterostructures projected to play a critical role in applications ranging from water splitting to energy harvesting, tailoring their properties to specific tasks requires an increasingly comprehensive characterization of their local chemical and electronic landscape. Although aberration-corrected electron spectroscopy currently provides sufficient spatial resolution to study this space, an approach to concurrently dissect both the electronic structure and full composition of buried metal/oxide interfaces remains a considerable challenge. In this manuscript, we outline a statistical methodology to jointly analyze simultaneously-acquired STEM EELS and EDX datasets by fusing them along their shared spatial factors. We show how this procedure can be used to derive a rich descriptive model for estimating both transition metal valency and full chemical composition from encapsulated morphologies such as core-shell nanoparticles. We demonstrate this on a heterogeneous Co-P thin film catalyst, concluding that this system is best described as a multi-shell phosphide structure with a P-doped metallic Co core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thersleff
- Stockholm University, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm 10691, Sweden.
| | - Serhiy Budnyk
- Austrian Centre of Competence for Tribology, AC2T research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2, Wr. Neustadt, 2700, Austria
| | - Larissa Drangai
- Austrian Centre of Competence for Tribology, AC2T research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2, Wr. Neustadt, 2700, Austria
| | - Adam Slabon
- Stockholm University, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
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Vielfaure A, Cournoyer A, Gosselin R. Extracting Meaningful Patterns from Noisy Spatiotemporal Datasets with Multivariate Curve Resolution. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vielfaure
- Université Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Antoine Cournoyer
- Pfizer Canada, 17300 Route Transcanadienne, Kirkland, QC H9J 2M5, Canada
| | - Ryan Gosselin
- Université Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
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