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McEwen DP, Ray P, Nancarrow DJ, Wang Z, Kasturirangan S, Abdullah S, Balan A, Hoskeri R, Thomas D, Lawrence TS, Beer DG, Lagisetty KH, Ray D. ISG15/GRAIL1/CD3 axis influences survival of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e179315. [PMID: 38781019 PMCID: PMC11383178 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.179315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression is a common feature of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and has been linked to poor overall survival (OS). We hypothesized that upstream factors might negatively influence CD3 levels and T cell activity, thus promoting immunosuppression and worse survival. We used clinical data and patient samples of those who progressed from Barrett's to dysplasia to EAC, investigated gene (RNA-Seq) and protein (tissue microarray) expression, and performed cell biology studies to delineate a pathway impacting CD3 protein stability that might influence EAC outcome. We showed that the loss of both CD3-ε expression and CD3+ T cell number correlated with worse OS in EAC. The gene related to anergy in lymphocytes isoform 1 (GRAIL1), which is the prominent isoform in EACs, degraded (ε, γ, δ) CD3s and inactivated T cells. In contrast, isoform 2 (GRAIL2), which is reduced in EACs, stabilized CD3s. Further, GRAIL1-mediated CD3 degradation was facilitated by interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), a ubiquitin-like protein. Consequently, the overexpression of a ligase-dead GRAIL1, ISG15 knockdown, or the overexpression of a conjugation-defective ISG15-leucine-arginine-glycine-glycine mutant could increase CD3 levels. Together, we identified an ISG15/GRAIL1/mutant p53 amplification loop negatively influencing CD3 levels and T cell activity, thus promoting immunosuppression in EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dafydd Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - David G Beer
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery
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Ahmed J, Nishizaki D, Miyashita H, Lee S, Nesline MK, Pabla S, Conroy JM, DePietro P, Sicklick JK, Kato S, Kurzrock R. TIM-3 transcriptomic landscape with clinical and immunomic correlates in cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:2493-2506. [PMID: 38859842 PMCID: PMC11162668 DOI: 10.62347/mqff6404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
TIM-3, an inhibitory checkpoint receptor, may invoke anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) resistance. The predictive impact of TIM-3 RNA expression in various advanced solid tumors among patients treated with ICIs is yet to be determined, and their prognostic significance also remains unexplored. We investigated TIM-3 transcriptomic expression and clinical outcomes. We examined TIM-3 RNA expression data through the OmniSeq database. TIM-3 transcriptomic patterns were calibrated against a reference population (735 tumors), adjusted to internal housekeeping genes, and calculated as percentiles. Overall, 514 patients (31 cancer types; 489 patients with advanced/metastatic disease and clinical annotation) were assessed. Ninety tumors (17.5% of 514) had high (≥75th percentile RNA rank) TIM-3 expression. Pancreatic cancer had the greatest proportion of TIM-3 high expressors (36% of 55 patients). Still, there was variability within cancer types with, for instance, 12.7% of pancreatic cancers harboring low TIM-3 (<25th percentile) levels. High TIM-3 expression independently and significantly correlated with high PD-L2 RNA expression (odds ratio (OR) 9.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.91-19.4, P<0.001) and high VISTA RNA expression (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.43-5.13, P=0.002), all in multivariate analysis. High TIM-3 RNA did not correlate with overall survival (OS) from time of metastatic disease in the 272 patients who never received ICIs, suggesting that it is not a prognostic factor. However, high TIM-3 expression predicted longer median OS (but not progression-free survival) in 217 ICI-treated patients (P=0.0033; median OS, 2.84 versus 1.21 years (high versus not-high TIM-3)), albeit not retained in multivariable analysis. In summary, TIM-3 RNA expression was variable between and within malignancies, and high levels associated with high PD-L2 and VISTA checkpoints and with pancreatic cancer. Individual tumor immunomic assessment and co-targeting co-expressed checkpoints merits exploration in prospective trials as part of a precision immunotherapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibran Ahmed
- Developmental Therapeutics Clinic, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of HealthBethesda, MD, The United Sates
| | - Daisuke Nishizaki
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer CenterLa Jolla, CA, The United States
| | - Hirotaka Miyashita
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Hematology and Medical OncologyLebanon, NH, The United States
| | - Suzanna Lee
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer CenterLa Jolla, CA, The United States
| | | | | | | | - Paul DePietro
- OmniSeq Inc. (Labcorp)Buffalo, NY, The United States
| | - Jason K Sicklick
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California San DiegoSan Diego, CA, The United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San DiegoSan Diego, CA, The United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San DiegoLa Jolla, CA, The United States
| | - Shumei Kato
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer CenterLa Jolla, CA, The United States
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- WIN ConsortiumParis, France
- MCW Cancer Center and Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, The United States
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Vurallı D, Jalilova L, Alikaşifoğlu A, Özön ZA, Gönç EN, Kandemir N. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: Prevalence and Gender Differences. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2024; 16:11-20. [PMID: 37559367 PMCID: PMC10938523 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2023.2023-12-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Children with T1D have a similar or higher prevalence of being overweight (OW) or obese (Ob) compared to healthy peers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CVD risk factors in children and adolescents with T1D and the impact of obesity and sex differences on these factors. Methods Data of patients aged 10-21 years and who had been using intensive insulin therapy with a diagnosis of T1D for at least three years were evaluated. Patients were divided into normal weight (NW), OW and Ob groups based on body mass index percentiles. Risk factors for CVD (obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension) were compared between groups, and impact of gender was also analyzed. Results Data of 365 patients (200 girls, 54.8%), were evaluated. Prevalence of OW/Ob was 25.9% and was significantly higher in girls (30.6% vs 20.1%, p<0.001). Rate of hypertension was highest in OW/Ob girls followed by OW/Ob boys, and similar in NW girls and boys (p=0.003). Mean low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and triglyceride (TG) levels were highest in OW/Ob girls, followed by OW/Ob boys, NW girls and NW boys, respectively (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Mean high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) levels were similar among groups. Rates of high LDL-c and TG were similar between OW/Ob girls and boys and higher than NW girls, followed by NW boys (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The rate of low HDL-c was similar in OW/Ob girls and boys, and higher than NW girls, followed by NW boys (p<0.001). Overall, girls were 1.9 times more likely than boys to have two or more risk factors for CVD. Factors associated with risk for CVD in multiple logistic regression analyses were being a girl, followed by higher daily insulin dose, higher hemoglobin A1c, and longer duration of diabetes (r=0.856; p<0.001). Conclusion In spite of the increased prevalence for obesity in both sexes, the trend for CVD risk factors was greater in Ob girls, followed by Ob boys and NW girls. Girls with T1D are more likely to be OW/Ob and to have CVD risk than boys, highlighting the need for early intervention and additional studies to elucidate the causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doğuş Vurallı
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lala Jalilova
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Alikaşifoğlu
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Z. Alev Özön
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E. Nazlı Gönç
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurgün Kandemir
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
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Wang Z, Li X, Tian L, Sha D, Sun Q, Wang J. Application of Bioinformatics in Predicting the Efficacy of Digestive Tumour Immunotherapy Target TIM-3 and its Inhibitors. J Cancer 2024; 15:1954-1965. [PMID: 38434966 PMCID: PMC10905402 DOI: 10.7150/jca.92446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Our main objective is to apply bioinformatics in predicting the efficacy of digestive tumour immunotherapy target TIM-3 and its inhibitors. Methods: Our study used the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database to identify datasets associated with digestive tumours and the action of TIM-3. The GSE427729 dataset based on the GPL10192 platform. The dataset consisted of six samples of total RNA derived from TIM-3 control and knockdown RAW 264.7 cells. We used GEO2R tool to identify DEGs before performing Gene Ontology and identifying the kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways. Lastly, we determined the PPI networks to identify hub genes. Results: Our study identified 57 differentially expressed genes based on an adjusted p-value of less than 0.05 and a log2 fold change of 2.0. There were 26 down-regulated genes with 31 up-regulated genes while 22, 404 genes were non-significant. The DEGs were enriched in biological pathways such as activating leukocytes, cells, and development of the immune system. Additionally, we identified four significant KEGG pathways that were implicated in digestive tumour immunotherapy and TIM-3; pathways of pancreatic cancer, NF-Kappa B signalling pathway, Toll-like receptor signalling pathway and C-type lectin receptor signalling pathway. The PPI networks identified 10 hub genes that were implicated in digestive tumour immunotherapy target TIM-3 (Myd88, Traf6, Irf7, Cdk4, Ccnd2, Mapkap1, Prr5, Mpp3, Serpinb6b and Pvrl3). Conclusion: Targeting these biological pathways, KEGG pathways, molecular functions and cellular processes can lead to novel therapeutic treatment and management in digestive tumours based on TIM-3 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021
| | - Xibin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021
| | - Litao Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021
| | - Dan Sha
- Department of Minimally Invasive Treatment of Cancer, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021
| | - Qinhui Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021
| | - Jinshen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021
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Patwekar M, Sehar N, Patwekar F, Medikeri A, Ali S, Aldossri RM, Rehman MU. Novel immune checkpoint targets: A promising therapy for cancer treatments. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111186. [PMID: 37979454 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The immune system frequently comprises immunological checkpoints. They serve as a barrier to keep the immune system from overreacting and damaging cells that are robust. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are utilized in immunotherapy to prevent the synergy of partner proteins of checkpoint proteins with auxiliary proteins. Moreover, the T cells may target malignant cells since the "off" signal cannot be conveyed. ICIs, which are mostly composed of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and anti- programmed death-1/programmed ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1), might transform the context of cancer therapy. Further, more patients continued to exhibit adaptive resistance, even though several ICIs demonstrated convincing therapeutic benefits in selective tumor types. Immune checkpoint therapy's overall effectiveness is still lacking at this time. A popular area of study involves investigating additional immune checkpoint molecules. Recent research has found a number of fresh immune checkpoint targets, including NKG2A ligands, TIGIT, B7-H6 ligands, Galectin 3, TIM3, and so on. These targets have been focus of the study, and recent investigational approaches have shown encouraging outcomes. In this review article, we covered the development and present level understanding of these recently identified immune checkpoint molecules, its effectiveness and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nouroz Sehar
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Faheem Patwekar
- Luqman College of Pharmacy, Gulbarga, 585102, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Shafat Ali
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Rana M Aldossri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Yan JJ, Liu BB, Yang Y, Liu MR, Wang H, Deng ZQ, Zhang ZW. Prognostic value of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 expression in upper gastrointestinal tract tumors: A meta-analysis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:2212-2224. [PMID: 38173439 PMCID: PMC10758650 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i12.2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of robust prognostic markers for upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers, including esophageal, gastric, and esophagogastric junction cancers. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM3) plays a key immunomodulatory role and is linked to the prognosis of various cancers. However, the significance of TIM3 in upper GI tract tumors is still uncertain. AIM To investigate the prognostic value of TIM3 expression in upper GI tract tumors. METHODS A literature search was conducted on the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for relevant studies published until June 2023. After screening and quality assessment, studies that met the criteria were included in the meta-analysis. Statistical methods were used for the pooled analysis to assess the association of TIM3 expression in upper GI tract tumors with the prognosis and clinicopathological parameters. The results were reported with the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Nine studies involving 2556 patients with upper GI tract cancer were included. High TIM3 expression was associated with a worse prognosis in upper GI tract cancer (HR: 1.17, 95%CI: 1.01-1.36). Positive expression of TIM3 in gastric cancer was correlated with the T and N stage, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, TIM3 overexpression was significantly correlated with the TNM stage (odds ratio: 1.21, 95%CI: 0.63-2.33; P < 0.05). TIM3 expression showed no association with the other clinicopathological parameters. CONCLUSION High expression of TIM3 in the upper GI tract cancer is associated with a worse prognosis and advanced T or N stages, indicating its potential value as a prognostic biomarker. These findings may provide a basis for the personalized treatment of upper GI tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Yan
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bing-Bing Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Meng-Ru Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhen-Quan Deng
- Department of Oncology, Handan First Hospital, Handan 056002, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056000, Hebei Province, China
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Alnabulsi A, Wang T, Pang W, Ionescu M, Craig SG, Humphries MP, McCombe K, Salto Tellez M, Alnabulsi A, Murray GI. Identification of a prognostic signature in colorectal cancer using combinatorial algorithm-driven analysis. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022; 8:245-256. [PMID: 35043584 PMCID: PMC8977276 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common types of malignancy and a leading cause of cancer‐related death. Although clinicopathological parameters provide invaluable prognostic information, the accuracy of prognosis can be improved by using molecular biomarker signatures. Using a large dataset of immunohistochemistry‐based biomarkers (n = 66), this study has developed an effective methodology for identifying optimal biomarker combinations as a prognostic tool. Biomarkers were screened and assigned to related subsets before being analysed using an iterative algorithm customised for evaluating combinatorial interactions between biomarkers based on their combined statistical power. A signature consisting of six biomarkers was identified as the best combination in terms of prognostic power. The combination of biomarkers (STAT1, UCP1, p‐cofilin, LIMK2, FOXP3, and ICOS) was significantly associated with overall survival when computed as a linear variable (χ2 = 53.183, p < 0.001) and as a cluster variable (χ2 = 67.625, p < 0.001). This signature was also significantly independent of age, extramural vascular invasion, tumour stage, and lymph node metastasis (Wald = 32.898, p < 0.001). Assessment of the results in an external cohort showed that the signature was significantly associated with prognosis (χ2 = 14.217, p = 0.007). This study developed and optimised an innovative discovery approach which could be adapted for the discovery of biomarkers and molecular interactions in a range of biological and clinical studies. Furthermore, this study identified a protein signature that can be utilised as an independent prognostic method and for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Alnabulsi
- Pathology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,AiBIOLOGICS, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tiehui Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Wei Pang
- School of Mathematical & Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Stephanie G Craig
- Precision Medicine Centre, Patrick G Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Matthew P Humphries
- Precision Medicine Centre, Patrick G Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kris McCombe
- Precision Medicine Centre, Patrick G Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Manuel Salto Tellez
- Precision Medicine Centre, Patrick G Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ayham Alnabulsi
- AiBIOLOGICS, Dublin, Ireland.,Vertebrate Antibodies Ltd, Zoology Building, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Graeme I Murray
- Pathology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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T cell subtype profiling measures exhaustion and predicts anti-PD-1 response. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1342. [PMID: 35079117 PMCID: PMC8789795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-PD-1 therapy can provide long, durable benefit to a fraction of patients. The on-label PD-L1 test, however, does not accurately predict response. To build a better biomarker, we created a method called T Cell Subtype Profiling (TCSP) that characterizes the abundance of T cell subtypes (TCSs) in FFPE specimens using five RNA models. These TCS RNA models are created using functional methods, and robustly discriminate between naïve, activated, exhausted, effector memory, and central memory TCSs, without the reliance on non-specific, classical markers. TCSP is analytically valid and corroborates associations between TCSs and clinical outcomes. Multianalyte biomarkers based on TCS estimates predicted response to anti-PD-1 therapy in three different cancers and outperformed the indicated PD-L1 test, as well as Tumor Mutational Burden. Given the utility of TCSP, we investigated the abundance of TCSs in TCGA cancers and created a portal to enable researchers to discover other TCSP-based biomarkers.
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Du XZ, Wen B, Liu L, Wei YT, Zhao K. Role of immune escape in different digestive tumours. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:10438-10450. [PMID: 35004976 PMCID: PMC8686128 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i34.10438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A counterbalance between immune cells and tumour cells is key to fighting tumours, and immune escape is an important mechanism for the survival of tumour cells in the body. Tumor cells and their cytokines impair the activity of T cells, NK cells, macrophages and other immune cells through various ways, and change the expression of their own surface antigens so as to avoid the clearance of the immune system. Changes in major histocompatibility complex molecules, high expression of programmed death-ligand 1, and the presence of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are main means by which tumors impair the function of immune cells. During the development of tumours of the digestive system, different mechanisms acting on tumour cells, the TME, and immune cells lead to immune escape and promote tumour progression. In this paper, the mechanisms of immune escape in tumour cells of the digestive system are reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for the immunotherapy of gastrointestinal tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Zhu Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ying-Ting Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
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Harding JJ, Moreno V, Bang YJ, Hong MH, Patnaik A, Trigo J, Szpurka AM, Yamamoto N, Doi T, Fu S, Calderon B, Velez de Mendizabal N, Calvo E, Yu D, Gandhi L, Liu ZT, Galvao VR, Leow CC, de Miguel MJ. Blocking TIM-3 in Treatment-refractory Advanced Solid Tumors: A Phase Ia/b Study of LY3321367 with or without an Anti-PD-L1 Antibody. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:2168-2178. [PMID: 33514524 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (TIM-3) blunts anticancer immunity and mediates resistance to programmed death 1 (PD-1) and PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. We assessed a novel, first-in-class, TIM-3 mAb, LY3321367, alone or in combination with the anti-PD-L1 antibody, LY300054 in patients with advanced solid tumor. PATIENTS AND METHODS This open-label, multicenter, phase Ia/b study aimed to define the safety/tolerability and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of LY3321367 with or without LY300054. Secondary objectives included pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity, and efficacy. Biomarkers were assessed in exploratory analysis. RESULTS No dose-limiting toxicities were observed in the monotherapy (N = 30) or combination (N = 28) dose escalation. LY3321367 treatment-related adverse events (≥2 patients) included pruritus, rash, fatigue, anorexia, and infusion-related reactions. Dose-proportional increase in LY3321367 concentrations was not affected by either LY300054 or antidrug antibodies (observed in 50%-70% of patients). Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling indicated 100% target engagement at doses ≥600 mg. LY3321367 RP2D was 1,200 mg biweekly for four doses followed by 600 mg every 2 weeks thereafter. In the non-small cell lung cancer monotherapy expansion cohort, outcomes varied by prior anti-PD-1 therapy response status: anti-PD-1/L1 refractory patients [N = 23, objective response rate (ORR) 0%, disease control rate (DCR) 35%, progression-free survival (PFS) 1.9 months] versus anti-PD-1/L1 responders (N = 14, ORR 7%, DCR 50%, PFS 7.3 months). In combination expansion cohorts (N = 91), ORR and DCR were 4% and 42%; CD8 infiltration in paired biopsies increased in approximately half these patients. CONCLUSIONS LY3321367 exhibited acceptable safety profile with favorable pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics but only modest antitumor activity. The therapeutic relevance of TIM-3 blockade requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Harding
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
| | - Victor Moreno
- START Madrid-FJD, Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yung-Jue Bang
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Min Hee Hong
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Amita Patnaik
- South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, Texas
| | - José Trigo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Toshihiko Doi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Siqing Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Emiliano Calvo
- START Madrid, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Danni Yu
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Leena Gandhi
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Maria J de Miguel
- START Madrid, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Madrid, Spain
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Junttila A, Väyrynen JP, Ahtiainen M, Kuopio T, Mrena J, Sihvo E, Helminen O. Immune cell score, PD-L1 expression and prognosis in esophageal cancer. Acta Oncol 2021; 60:544-548. [PMID: 33438497 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2020.1868571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Junttila
- Department of Surgery, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha P. Väyrynen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maarit Ahtiainen
- Department of Education and Research, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Teijo Kuopio
- Department of Education and Research, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Johanna Mrena
- Department of Surgery, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eero Sihvo
- Department of Surgery, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Olli Helminen
- Department of Surgery, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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12
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Zang K, Hui L, Wang M, Huang Y, Zhu X, Yao B. TIM-3 as a Prognostic Marker and a Potential Immunotherapy Target in Human Malignant Tumors: A Meta-Analysis and Bioinformatics Validation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:579351. [PMID: 33692946 PMCID: PMC7938756 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.579351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a novel immune checkpoint molecular, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 (TIM-3) is emerging as a therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. However, the predictive role of TIM-3 in cancer remains largely undetermined. This study was designed to investigate the role of TIM-3 in cancer. Methods Publications were searched using multiple databases. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. To further confirm the prognostic effect of TIM-3, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were applied. Functional analysis of TIM-3 was also investigated. Results 28 studies with 7284 patients with malignant tumors were identified. Based on multivariate Cox regression analysis, TIM-3 was an independent prognostic indicator for poor overall survival (OS) (HR= 1.54, 95% CI = 1.19-1.98, P = 0.001). However, TIM-3 was not correlated with cancer-specific survival and disease-free survival (DFS). Particularly, TIM-3 showed a worse prognosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma and gastric cancer; but it showed a favorable prognosis in breast cancer. Functional analysis showed that TIM-3 was closely correlated with immune responses such as T-cell activation and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, TIM-3 expression was found to be related to worse OS in 9491 TCGA patients (HR = 1.2, P < 0.001), but was not associated with DFS. Conclusions TIM-3 was an independent prognostic factor. Meanwhile, TIM-3 played a crucial role in tumor immune responses. This supports TIM-3 as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zang
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Liangliang Hui
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Xingxing Zhu
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
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13
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Kong K, Zhao Y, Xia L, Jiang H, Xu M, Zheng J. B3GNT3: A prognostic biomarker associated with immune cell infiltration in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:159. [PMID: 33552277 PMCID: PMC7798085 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, one of the most malignant gastrointestinal tumors, is prone to liver metastasis. However, due to the lack of appropriate and comprehensive diagnostic methods, it is difficult to accurately predict the survival outcomes. Therefore, there is a need to identify effective biomarkers, such as UDP-GlcNAc: βGal β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3 (B3GNT3), that predict the survival outcome of patients with pancreatic cancer. In the present study, based on data from 171 cases of pancreatic cancer obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas portal, the differential expression of mRNAs was screened by comparing cancerous tissues with adjacent tissues. Univariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that B3GNT3 had prognostic capability and could be an independent prognostic factor for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). Using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource tool and Tumor-Immune System Interaction Database, a potential relationship between B3GNT3 expression and immune cell infiltration was identified in pancreatic carcinoma. Furthermore, 177 samples of pancreatic carcinoma were collected and the association of CD68 expression with B3GNT3 was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. B3GNT3 expression was associated with clinical outcomes in pancreatic carcinoma and related to infiltrating levels of immune cells, which indicated that B3GNT3 could be used as an immunotherapy target for PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Kong
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyu Zhao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Leilei Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Mingjuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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14
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Genetic Mutations of Tim-3 Ligand and Exhausted Tim-3 + CD8 + T Cells and Survival in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:6968595. [PMID: 33178839 PMCID: PMC7647777 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6968595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tim-3 is a promising target for antitumor immunotherapy. A number of clinical trials are evaluating the efficacy of anti-Tim-3 therapies as a single agent or combinations in solid tumors and haematologic malignancies. However, there remains a considerable lack of data on Tim-3 signalling, especially the genetic characteristics and immune microenvironment, in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Herein, we identified three genetic mutations in galectin-9, a major ligand of Tim-3, in six patients with DLBCL (6/188, 3.2%) that were not detected in the COSMIC database. The Oncomine database showed that the mRNA levels of Tim-3 were higher in DLBCL cells than those in normal B cells. Multiplexed immunofluorescence revealed that patients with Tim-3-expressing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (Tim-3+ TILs) exhibited poor outcomes than those with Tim-3− TILs (p = 0.041). The median survival times of these patients were 65.0 (95% confidence interval (CI): 71.2–88.6) and 79.9 months (95% CI: 54.4–75.6), respectively. Furthermore, we defined a novel subtype of exhausted T cells, named as exhausted Tim-3+ CD8+ T cells, and found that patients with exhausted Tim-3+ CD8+ T cells (median survival, 62.8 months, 95% CI: 50.0–75.6) exhibited shorter survival than those with nonexhausted Tim-3− CD8+ T cells (median survival, 82.5 months, 95% CI: 72.0–92.9; p = 0.034). Overall, these findings provide the genetic status of the Tim-3 ligand in DLBCL. Patients with Tim-3+ TILs and exhausted Tim-3+ CD8+ T cells exhibited inferior survival, thus highlighting the possibility of potential therapeutic applications of the inhibition of Tim-3 alone or in combination with other immune checkpoints for treatment of patients with DLBCL.
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Qin S, Dong B, Yi M, Chu Q, Wu K. Prognostic Values of TIM-3 Expression in Patients With Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis and Database Evaluation. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1288. [PMID: 32850398 PMCID: PMC7417611 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing molecule-3 (TIM-3), a novel emerging immune checkpoint molecule, was reported to express both on various kinds of immune cells and tumor cells. Many previous studies have investigated the prognostic significance of TIM-3 in cancer. However, the sample number from single study was limited and results remained controversial. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases for publications concerning TIM-3 expression in solid cancers up to March 2020. The correlations between TIM-3 and survival as well as clinical-pathological features were analyzed. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated by either fixed or random effects models. Results: A total of 3,072 patients were included in our meta-analysis. The result suggested that TIM-3 protein overexpression was relevant to poor overall survival (HR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.39–2.15, P < 0.001). Moreover, TIM-3 was shown to be connected with lymph node metastasis (N+ vs. N-, OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.10–2.29, P = 0.013), tumor grade (G2-3 vs. G1, OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.21–2.34, P = 0.002), as well as PD-1 expression (PD-1high vs. PD-1low, OR = 3.26, 95% CI = 2.20–4.82, P < 0.001). In database test, significant correlations between high TIM-3 mRNA expression and poor overall survival for patients with non-small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer were observed (HR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.23–1.72, P < 0.001; HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.12–1.77, P = 0.0038). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis highlights that TIM-3 has the potential to serve as a prognostic marker and a valuable therapeutic target in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Qin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Dong
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Xu W, Qi F, Jiao R, Zheng L, Zhang Y, Hou D, Liu Y, Kang Z. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of high expression of
TIM
‐3 in different cancer types: A meta‐analysis. PRECISION MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prm2.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Xu
- Department of UrologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of UrologyJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Ruidi Jiao
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan Province China
| | - Lizhuan Zheng
- Department of UrologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Yinghao Zhang
- Department of UrologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Donghai Hou
- Department of SurgeryPeople's Hospital of Xinzheng Xinzheng China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of UrologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Zhengjun Kang
- Department of UrologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
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