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Sekita A, Unterweger H, Berg S, Ohlmeyer S, Bäuerle T, Zheng KH, Coolen BF, Nederveen AJ, Cabella C, Rossi S, Stroes ESG, Alexiou C, Lyer S, Cicha I. Accumulation of Iron Oxide-Based Contrast Agents in Rabbit Atherosclerotic Plaques in Relation to Plaque Age and Vulnerability Features. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1645-1666. [PMID: 38406599 PMCID: PMC10893894 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s430693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, a detailed characterization of a rabbit model of atherosclerosis was performed to assess the optimal time frame for evaluating plaque vulnerability using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods The progression of atherosclerosis induced by ballooning and a high-cholesterol diet was monitored using angiography, and the resulting plaques were characterized using immunohistochemistry and histology. Morphometric analyses were performed to evaluate plaque size and vulnerability features. The accumulation of SPIONs (novel dextran-coated SPIONDex and ferumoxytol) in atherosclerotic plaques was investigated by histology and MRI and correlated with plaque age and vulnerability. Toxicity of SPIONDex was evaluated in rats. Results Weak positive correlations were detected between plaque age and intima thickness, and total macrophage load. A strong negative correlation was observed between the minimum fibrous cap thickness and plaque age as well as the mean macrophage load. The accumulation of SPION in the atherosclerotic plaques was detected by MRI 24 h after administration and was subsequently confirmed by Prussian blue staining of histological specimens. Positive correlations between Prussian blue signal in atherosclerotic plaques, plaque age, and macrophage load were detected. Very little iron was observed in the histological sections of the heart and kidney, whereas strong staining of SPIONDex and ferumoxytol was detected in the spleen and liver. In contrast to ferumoxytol, SPIONDex administration in rabbits was well tolerated without inducing hypersensitivity. The maximum tolerated dose in rat model was higher than 100 mg Fe/kg. Conclusion Older atherosclerotic plaques with vulnerable features in rabbits are a useful tool for investigating iron oxide-based contrast agents for MRI. Based on the experimental data, SPIONDex particles constitute a promising candidate for further clinical translation as a safe formulation that offers the possibility of repeated administration free from the risks associated with other types of magnetic contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sekita
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology Und Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Unterweger
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology Und Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sonja Berg
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology Und Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Ohlmeyer
- Institute of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen (PIPE), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kang H Zheng
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bram F Coolen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aart J Nederveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Cabella
- Bracco Imaging SpA, Centro Ricerche Bracco, Colleretto Giacosa, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Bracco Imaging SpA, Centro Ricerche Bracco, Colleretto Giacosa, Turin, Italy
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology Und Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Lyer
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology Und Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iwona Cicha
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology Und Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Cheng J, Huang H, Chen Y, Wu R. Nanomedicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Atherosclerosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304294. [PMID: 37897322 PMCID: PMC10754137 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
With the changing disease spectrum, atherosclerosis has become increasingly prevalent worldwide and the associated diseases have emerged as the leading cause of death. Due to their fascinating physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, nanomaterials are regarded as a promising tool to tackle enormous challenges in medicine. The emerging discipline of nanomedicine has filled a huge application gap in the atherosclerotic field, ushering a new generation of diagnosis and treatment strategies. Herein, based on the essential pathogenic contributors of atherogenesis, as well as the distinct composition/structural characteristics, synthesis strategies, and surface design of nanoplatforms, the three major application branches (nanodiagnosis, nanotherapy, and nanotheranostic) of nanomedicine in atherosclerosis are elaborated. Then, state-of-art studies containing a sequence of representative and significant achievements are summarized in detail with an emphasis on the intrinsic interaction/relationship between nanomedicines and atherosclerosis. Particularly, attention is paid to the biosafety of nanomedicines, which aims to pave the way for future clinical translation of this burgeoning field. Finally, this comprehensive review is concluded by proposing unresolved key scientific issues and sharing the vision and expectation for the future, fully elucidating the closed loop from atherogenesis to the application paradigm of nanomedicines for advancing the early achievement of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Cheng
- Department of UltrasoundShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- Materdicine LabSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine LabSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444P. R. China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health)Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325088P. R. China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of UltrasoundShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080P. R. China
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Abstract
MRI is a widely available clinical tool for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. MRI provides excellent soft tissue imaging, using a wide range of contrast mechanisms, and can non-invasively detect tissue metabolites. These approaches can be used to distinguish cancer from normal tissues, to stratify tumor aggressiveness, and to identify changes within both the tumor and its microenvironment in response to therapy. In this review, the role of MRI in immunotherapy monitoring will be discussed and how it could be utilized in the future to address some of the unique clinical questions that arise from immunotherapy. For example, MRI could play a role in identifying pseudoprogression, mixed response, T cell infiltration, cell tracking, and some of the characteristic immune-related adverse events associated with these agents. The factors to be considered when developing MRI imaging biomarkers for immunotherapy will be reviewed. Finally, the advantages and limitations of each approach will be discussed, as well as the challenges for future clinical translation into routine clinical care. Given the increasing use of immunotherapy in a wide range of cancers and the ability of MRI to detect the microstructural and functional changes associated with successful response to immunotherapy, the technique has great potential for more widespread and routine use in the future for these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Lau
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pippa G Corrie
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Segers FME, Ruder AV, Westra MM, Lammers T, Dadfar SM, Roemhild K, Lam TS, Kooi ME, Cleutjens KBJM, Verheyen FK, Schurink GWH, Haenen GR, van Berkel TJC, Bot I, Halvorsen B, Sluimer JC, Biessen EAL. Magnetic resonance imaging contrast-enhancement with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles amplifies macrophage foam cell apoptosis in human and murine atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:3346-3359. [PMID: 35325057 PMCID: PMC9847560 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS (Ultra) Small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, (U)SPIO, are widely used as magnetic resonance imaging contrast media and assumed to be safe for clinical applications in cardiovascular disease. As safety tests largely relied on normolipidaemic models, not fully representative of the clinical setting, we investigated the impact of (U)SPIOs on disease-relevant endpoints in hyperlipidaemic models of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS RAW264.7 foam cells, exposed in vitro to ferumoxide (dextran-coated SPIO), ferumoxtran (dextran-coated USPIO), or ferumoxytol [carboxymethyl (CM) dextran-coated USPIO] (all 1 mg Fe/mL) showed increased apoptosis and reactive oxygen species accumulation for ferumoxide and ferumoxtran, whereas ferumoxytol was tolerated well. Pro-apoptotic (TUNEL+) and pro-oxidant activity of ferumoxide (0.3 mg Fe/kg) and ferumoxtran (1 mg Fe/kg) were confirmed in plaque, spleen, and liver of hyperlipidaemic ApoE-/- (n = 9/group) and LDLR-/- (n = 9-16/group) mice that had received single IV injections compared with saline-treated controls. Again, ferumoxytol treatment (1 mg Fe/kg) failed to induce apoptosis or oxidative stress in these tissues. Concomitant antioxidant treatment (EUK-8/EUK-134) largely prevented these effects in vitro (-68%, P < 0.05) and in plaques from LDLR-/- mice (-60%, P < 0.001, n = 8/group). Repeated ferumoxtran injections of LDLR-/- mice with pre-existing atherosclerosis enhanced plaque inflammation and apoptosis but did not alter plaque size. Strikingly, carotid artery plaques of endarterectomy patients who received ferumoxtran (2.6 mg Fe/kg) before surgery (n = 9) also showed five-fold increased apoptosis (18.2 vs. 3.7%, respectively; P = 0.004) compared with controls who did not receive ferumoxtran. Mechanistically, neither coating nor particle size seemed accountable for the observed cytotoxicity of ferumoxide and ferumoxtran. CONCLUSIONS Ferumoxide and ferumoxtran, but not ferumoxytol, induced apoptosis of lipid-laden macrophages in human and murine atherosclerosis, potentially impacting disease progression in patients with advanced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip M E Segers
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands,Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adele V Ruder
- Department of Pathology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke M Westra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Karolin Roemhild
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tin Sing Lam
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Eline Kooi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kitty B J M Cleutjens
- Department of Pathology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fons K Verheyen
- Molecular Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy (CRISP), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert W H Schurink
- Department of Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Guido R Haenen
- Department of Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J C van Berkel
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Corresponding author. Tel: +31 43 3877675; Fax: +31 43 3874613, E-mail: (J.C.S.); E-mail: (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Corresponding author. Tel: +31 43 3877675; Fax: +31 43 3874613, E-mail: (J.C.S.); E-mail: (E.A.L.B.)
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Assessment of Albumin ECM Accumulation and Inflammation as Novel In Vivo Diagnostic Targets for Multi-Target MR Imaging. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10100964. [PMID: 34681063 PMCID: PMC8533611 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory vascular disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction and plaque burden. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated plasma proteins play an important role in disease development. Our magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study investigates the feasibility of using two different molecular MRI probes for the simultaneous assessment of ECM-associated intraplaque albumin deposits caused by endothelial damage and progressive inflammation in atherosclerosis. Male apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-)-mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 or 4 months. Another ApoE-/--group was treated with pravastatin and received a HFD for 4 months. T1- and T2*-weighted MRI was performed before and after albumin-specific MRI probe (gadofosveset) administration and a macrophage-specific contrast agent (ferumoxytol). Thereafter, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and histology were performed. With advancing atherosclerosis, albumin-based MRI signal enhancement and ferumoxytol-induced signal loss areas in T2*-weighted MRI increased. Significant correlations between contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR) post-gadofosveset and albumin stain (R2 = 0.78, p < 0.05), and signal loss areas in T2*-weighted MRI with Perls' Prussian blue stain (R2 = 0.83, p < 0.05) were observed. No interference of ferumoxytol with gadofosveset enhancement was detectable. Pravastatin led to decreased inflammation and intraplaque albumin. Multi-target MRI combining ferumoxytol and gadofosveset is a promising method to improve diagnosis and treatment monitoring in atherosclerosis.
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Application of smart nanoparticles as a potential platform for effective colorectal cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chen J, Zhang X, Millican R, Sherwood J, Martin S, Jo H, Yoon YS, Brott BC, Jun HW. Recent advances in nanomaterials for therapy and diagnosis for atherosclerosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:142-199. [PMID: 33428994 PMCID: PMC7981266 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by lipid accumulation in arteries, leading to narrowing and thrombosis. It affects the heart, brain, and peripheral vessels and is the leading cause of mortality in the United States. Researchers have strived to design nanomaterials of various functions, ranging from non-invasive imaging contrast agents, targeted therapeutic delivery systems to multifunctional nanoagents able to target, diagnose, and treat atherosclerosis. Therefore, this review aims to summarize recent progress (2017-now) in the development of nanomaterials and their applications to improve atherosclerosis diagnosis and therapy during the preclinical and clinical stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | | | - Sean Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Young-Sup Yoon
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Brigitta C Brott
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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Moonen RPM, Coolen BF, Sluimer JC, Daemen MJAP, Strijkers GJ. Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Uptake in Mouse Brachiocephalic Artery Atherosclerotic Plaque Quantified by T 2-Mapping MRI. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020279. [PMID: 33669667 PMCID: PMC7922981 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to monitor the iron oxide contrast agent uptake in mouse brachiocephalic artery (BCA) atherosclerotic plaques in vivo by quantitative T2-mapping magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Female ApoE−/− mice (n = 32) on a 15-week Western-type diet developed advanced plaques in the BCA and were injected with ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIOs). Quantitative in vivo MRI at 9.4 T was performed with a Malcolm-Levitt (MLEV) prepared T2-mapping sequence to monitor the nanoparticle uptake in the atherosclerotic plaque. Ex vivo histology and particle electron paramagnetic resonance (pEPR) were used for validation. Longitudinal high-resolution in vivo T2-value maps were acquired with consistent quality. Average T2 values in the plaque decreased from a baseline value of 34.5 ± 0.6 ms to 24.0 ± 0.4 ms one day after injection and partially recovered to an average T2 of 27 ± 0.5 ms after two days. T2 values were inversely related to iron levels in the plaque as determined by ex vivo particle electron paramagnetic resonance (pEPR). We concluded that MRI T2 mapping facilitates a robust quantitative readout for USPIO uptake in atherosclerotic plaques in arteries near the mouse heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik P. M. Moonen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Bram F. Coolen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mat J. A. P. Daemen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Gustav J. Strijkers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-20-566-52-02
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Lu Y, Huang J, Neverova NV, Nguyen KL. USPIOs as targeted contrast agents in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2021; 14:2. [PMID: 33824694 PMCID: PMC8021129 DOI: 10.1007/s12410-021-09552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We aim to discuss the diagnostic use of ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIOs) including ferumoxytol in targeted cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RECENT FINDINGS Ferumoxytol is the only USPIO clinically available in the U.S. and is a negatively charged USPIO that has potential use for tracking and characterization of macrophage-infiltrated cardiovascular structures. As an iron supplement that is approved for treatment of iron deficiency anemia, the iron core of ferumoxytol is incorporated into the body once it is phagocytosed by macrophages. In organs or tissues with high inflammatory cellular infiltration, such as atherosclerotic plaques and myocardial infarction, localization of iron-laden macrophages can be visualized on delayed MRI. The iron core of ferumoxytol alters the magnetic susceptibility and results in shortening of T2* and T2 relaxation rates. Areas with high concentration appear hypointense (negative contrast) on T2 and T2* MRI. Recently, in vitro findings support the potential specificity of ferumoxytol interactions with macrophage subtypes, which has implications for therapeutic interventions. With increasing concerns about gadolinium retention in the brain and other tissues, the value of ferumoxytol-enhanced MR for targeted clinical imaging is aided by its positive safety profile in patients with impaired renal function. SUMMARY This paper discusses pharmacokinetic properties of USPIOs with a focus on ferumoxytol, and summarizes relevant in vitro, animal, and human studies investigating the diagnostic use of USPIOs in targeted contrast-enhanced imaging. We also discuss future directions for USPIOs as targeted imaging agents and associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at
UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
| | - Jenny Huang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at
UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Research Laboratory,
Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Natalia V. Neverova
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at
UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
| | - Kim-Lien Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at
UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Graduate Program,
University of California, Los Angeles
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Research Laboratory,
Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
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Fadeel B, Alexiou C. Brave new world revisited: Focus on nanomedicine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:36-49. [PMID: 32921412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is at a crossroads: with relatively few success stories in terms of clinical translation despite more and more research on increasingly sophisticated nanomaterials, it is important to consider whether we are on the right track. Indeed, it is crucial that we address the fact that while considerable efforts are being made to overcome barriers to translation from the bench to the clinic, scientists are still struggling to decipher fundamental aspects of nanomaterial interactions with biological systems. We believe that a key to the successful adoption of nanomedicines in oncology and beyond lies in a deeper understanding of underlying biological processes and in decoding interactions between engineered nanomaterials and biological systems. Here we provide an overview of progress in nanomedicine during the past 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengt Fadeel
- Nanomedicine & Nanosafety Laboratory (NNL), Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital Erlangen, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Stein R, Friedrich B, Mühlberger M, Cebulla N, Schreiber E, Tietze R, Cicha I, Alexiou C, Dutz S, Boccaccini AR, Unterweger H. Synthesis and Characterization of Citrate-Stabilized Gold-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E4425. [PMID: 32993144 PMCID: PMC7583944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-functionalized gold-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Au-SPIONs) may be a useful tool in various biomedical applications. To obtain Au-SPIONs, gold salt was precipitated onto citrate-stabilized SPIONs (Cit-SPIONs) using a simple, aqueous one-pot technique inspired by the Turkevich method of gold nanoparticle synthesis. By the further stabilization of the Au-SPION surface with additional citrate (Cit-Au-SPIONs), controllable and reproducible Z-averages enhanced long-term dispersion stability and moderate dispersion pH values were achieved. The citrate concentration of the reaction solution and the gold/iron ratio was found to have a major influence on the particle characteristics. While the gold-coating reduced the saturation magnetization to 40.7% in comparison to pure Cit-SPIONs, the superparamagnetic behavior of Cit-Au-SPIONs was maintained. The formation of nanosized gold on the SPION surface was confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurements. Cit-Au-SPION concentrations of up to 100 µg Fe/mL for 48 h had no cytotoxic effect on Jurkat cells. At a particle concentration of 100 µg Fe/mL, Jurkat cells were found to take up Cit-Au-SPIONs after 24 h of incubation. A significantly higher attachment of thiol-containing L-cysteine to the particle surface was observed for Cit-Au-SPIONs (53%) in comparison to pure Cit-SPIONs (7%).
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Affiliation(s)
- René Stein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kroener-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (B.F.); (M.M.); (N.C.); (E.S.); (R.T.); (I.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Bernhard Friedrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kroener-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (B.F.); (M.M.); (N.C.); (E.S.); (R.T.); (I.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Marina Mühlberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kroener-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (B.F.); (M.M.); (N.C.); (E.S.); (R.T.); (I.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Nadine Cebulla
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kroener-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (B.F.); (M.M.); (N.C.); (E.S.); (R.T.); (I.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Eveline Schreiber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kroener-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (B.F.); (M.M.); (N.C.); (E.S.); (R.T.); (I.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Rainer Tietze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kroener-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (B.F.); (M.M.); (N.C.); (E.S.); (R.T.); (I.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Iwona Cicha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kroener-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (B.F.); (M.M.); (N.C.); (E.S.); (R.T.); (I.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kroener-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (B.F.); (M.M.); (N.C.); (E.S.); (R.T.); (I.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Silvio Dutz
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany;
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Harald Unterweger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kroener-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (B.F.); (M.M.); (N.C.); (E.S.); (R.T.); (I.C.); (C.A.)
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