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Pihen C, López-Malo A, Ramírez-Corona N. Effect of UV LED and Pulsed Light Treatments on Polyphenol Oxidase Activity and Escherichia coli Inactivation in Apple Juice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38874060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Enzymatic browning in fruits and vegetables, driven by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, results in color changes and loss of bioactive compounds. Emerging technologies are being explored to prevent this browning and ensure microbial safety in foods. This study assessed the effectiveness of pulsed light (PL) and ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LED) in inhibiting PPO and inactivating Escherichia coli ATTC 25922 in fresh apple juice (Malus domestica var. Red Delicious). Both treatments' effects on juice quality, including bioactive compounds, color changes, and microbial inactivation, were examined. At similar doses, PL-treated samples (126 J/cm2) showed higher 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl inhibition (9.5%) compared to UV-LED-treated samples (132 J/cm2), which showed 1.06%. For microbial inactivation, UV-LED achieved greater E. coli reduction (>3 log cycles) and less ascorbic acid degradation (9.4% ± 0.05) than PL. However, increasing PL doses to 176 J/cm2 resulted in more than 5 log cycles reduction of E. coli, showing a synergistic effect with the final temperature reached (55 °C). The Weibull model analyzed survival curves to evaluate inactivation kinetics. UV-LED was superior in preserving thermosensitive compounds, while PL excelled in deactivating more PPO and achieving maximal microbial inactivation more quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Pihen
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Alimentos y Ambiental, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, ExHda Santa Catarina Mártir s/n, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla 72810, México
| | - Aurelio López-Malo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Alimentos y Ambiental, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, ExHda Santa Catarina Mártir s/n, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla 72810, México
| | - Nelly Ramírez-Corona
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Alimentos y Ambiental, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, ExHda Santa Catarina Mártir s/n, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla 72810, México
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2
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Mohsin MS, Avdic M, Fitzpatrick K, Lanzarini-Lopes M. UV-C side-emitting optical fiber-based disinfection: a promising approach for infection control in tight channels. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0004024. [PMID: 38687120 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00040-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The growth of pathogenic bacteria in moist and wet surfaces and tubing of medically relevant devices results in serious infections in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we investigated and demonstrated the successful implementation of a UV-C side-emitting optical fiber in disinfecting medically relevant pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA]) within tight channels of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). PTFE is a commonly used material both in point-of-use (POU) water treatment technologies and medical devices (dental unit water line [DUWL], endoscope). For a 1-m-long PTFE channel, up to ≥6 log inactivation was achieved using a 1-m-long UV side-emitting optical fiber (SEOF) with continuous 16-h exposure of low UV-C radiation ranging from ~0.23 to ~29.30 μW/cm2. Furthermore, a linear model was used to calculate the inhibition zone constant (k`), which enables us to establish a correlation between UV dosage and the extent of inactivated surface area (cm2) for surface-bound Escherichia coli on a nutrient-rich medium. The k` value for an irradiance ranging from ~150 to ~271.50 μW/cm2 was calculated to be 0.564 ± 0.6 cm·cm2/mJ. This study demonstrated the efficacy of SEOFs for disinfection of medically relevant microorganisms present in medically and domestically relevant tight channels. The impact of the results in this study extends to the optimization of operational efficiency in pre-existing UV surface disinfection setups that currently operate at UV dosages exceeding the optimal levels.IMPORTANCEGermicidal UV radiation has gained global recognition for its effectiveness in water and surface disinfection. Recently, various works have illustrated the benefit of using UV-C side-emitting optical fibers (SEOFs) for the disinfection of tight polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) channels. This study now demonstrates its impact for disinfection of medically relevant organisms and introduces critical design calculations needed for its implementation. The flexible geometry and controlled emission of light in these UV-SEOFs make them ideal for light distribution in tight channels. Moreover, the results presented in this manuscript provide a novel framework that can be employed in various applications, addressing microbial contamination and the disinfection of tight channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman Mohsin
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melisa Avdic
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katrina Fitzpatrick
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mariana Lanzarini-Lopes
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Kim SJ, Kim M, Yang SM, Park K, Hahn SK. Strain-Programmed Adhesive Patch for Accelerated Photodynamic Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401159. [PMID: 38822543 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
As an alternative to tissue adhesives, photochemical tissue bonding is investigated for advanced wound healing. However, these techniques suffer from relatively slow wound healing with bleeding and bacterial infections. Here, the versatile attributes of afterglow luminescent particles (ALPs) embedded in dopamine-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-DOPA) patches for accelerated wound healing are presented. ALPs enhance the viscoelastic properties of the patches, and the photoluminescence and afterglow luminescence of ALPs maximize singlet oxygen generation and collagen fibrillogenesis for effective healing in the infected wounds. The patches are optimized to achieve the strong and rapid adhesion in the wound sites. In addition, the swelling and shrinking properties of adhesive patches contribute to a nonlinear behavior in the wound recovery, playing an important role as a strain-programmed patch. The protective patch prevents secondary infection and skin adhesion, and the patch seamlessly detaches during wound healing, enabling efficient residue clearance. In vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo model tests confirm the biocompatibility, antibacterial effect, hemostatic capability, and collagen restructuring for the accelerated wound healing. Taken together, this research collectively demonstrates the feasibility of HA-DOPA/ALP patches as a versatile and promoting solution for advanced accelerated wound healing, particularly in scenarios involving bleeding and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Mungu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Seung Min Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Kwanghyeon Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
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4
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Rito B, Matos L, Proença DN, Morais PV. Kinetics of inactivation of bacteria responsible for infections in hospitals using UV-LED. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30738. [PMID: 38765034 PMCID: PMC11096922 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlling the microbial load in the environment is crucial to prevent the spread of organisms. The continuous spread of nosocomial infections in hospital facilities and the emergence of the coronavirus (COVID-19) highlighted the importance of disinfection processes in health safety. This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of LED-based disinfection lamps on bacteria from the ESKAPEE group and virus phage in vitro inactivation to be applied in hospital environments and health facilities disinfection. This study evaluated the effect of different UV wavelengths (275 nm, 280 nm (UVC), 310 nm (UVB) and 340 nm (UVA)) on the disinfection process of various microbial indicators including E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and Bacteriophage lambda DSM 4499. Exposure time (5 min-30 min), exposure distance (0.25 m and 0.5 m) and surface materials (glass, steel, and polished wood) were evaluated on the disinfection efficiency. Furthermore, the study determined the recovery capacity of each species after UV damage. UVC-LED lamps could inactivate 99.99 % of microbial indicators after 20 min exposures at a 0.5 m distance. The exposure time needed to completely inactivate E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and Bacteriophage lambda DSM 4499 can be decreased by reducing the exposure distance. UVB-LED and UVA-LED lamps were not able to promote a log reduction of 4 and were not effective on B. subtilis or bacteriophage lambda DSM 4499 inactivation. Thus, only UVC-LED lamps were tested on the decontamination of different surface materials, which was successful. P. aeruginosa showed the ability to recover from UV damage, but its inactivation rate remains 99.99 %, and spores from B. subtilis were not completely inactivated. Nevertheless, the inactivation rate of these indicators remained at 99.99 % with 24 h incubation after UVC irradiation. UVC-LED lamps emitting 280 nm were the most indicated to disinfect surfaces from microorganisms usually found in hospital environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rito
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, ARISE, Department of Life Sciences, Calcada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Leonor Matos
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, ARISE, Department of Life Sciences, Calcada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo N. Proença
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, ARISE, Department of Life Sciences, Calcada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula V. Morais
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, ARISE, Department of Life Sciences, Calcada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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Arkusz K, Pasik K, Jędrzejewska A, Klekiel T, Woźniak W, Nycz M, Stryjski R. Shedding light on the problem: Influence of the radiator power, source-sample distance, and exposure time on the performance of UV-C lamps in laboratory and real-world conditions. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302258. [PMID: 38626152 PMCID: PMC11020484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective surface disinfection is crucial for preventing the spread of pathogens in hospitals. Standard UltraViolet-C (UV-C) lamps have been widely used for this purpose, but their disinfection efficiency under real-world conditions is not well understood. To fill this gap, the influence of the power of the ultraviolet radiator, source-sample distance, and exposure time on the performance of UV-C lamps against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis were experimentally determined in the laboratory and hospital. The obtained results showed that the UV irradiance and, thus, the UV-C disinfection efficiency decreased significantly at distances greater than 100 cm from the UV-C lamp. Moreover, increasing the total power of the radiators does not improve the performance of UV-C lamps under real conditions. The UV-C disinfection efficiency greater than 90% was achieved only under laboratory conditions at a close distance from the UV-C lamp, i.e., 10 cm. These findings provide novel insights into the limitations of UV-C lamps in real-world conditions and highlight the need for more effective disinfection strategies in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Arkusz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Kamila Pasik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Jędrzejewska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Tomasz Klekiel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Waldemar Woźniak
- Department of Production and Transport Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Marta Nycz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Roman Stryjski
- Department of Production and Transport Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
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Santinon C, Borges A, Simões M, Gonçalves ASC, Beppu MM, Vieira MGA. Visible-light photoactivated proanthocyanidin and kappa-carrageenan coating with anti-adhesive properties against clinically relevant bacteria. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130611. [PMID: 38447837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The increase of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing concern worldwide and the search for new therapies could cost billions of dollars and countless lives. Inert surfaces are major sources of contamination due to easier adhesion and formation of bacterial biofilms, hindering the disinfection process. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a photoactivatable and anti-adhesive kappa-carrageenan coating using proanthocyanidin as a photosensitizer. The complete reduction (>5-log10 CFU/cm3) of culturable cells of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogens was achieved after 30 min of exposure to visible light (420 nm; 30 mW/cm2) with 5 % (w/v) of the photosensitizer. Cell membrane damage was confirmed by measuring potassium leakage, epifluorescence microscopy and bacterial motility analysis. Overall, visible light irradiation on coated solid surfaces mediated by proanthocyanidin showed no cytotoxicity and inactivated clinically important pathogens through the generation of reactive oxygen species, inhibiting bacterial initial adhesion. The developed coating is a promising alternative for a wide range of applications related to surface disinfection and food biopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Santinon
- ªSchool of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Albert Einstein Av., 500, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Anabela Borges
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ariana S C Gonçalves
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Masumi Beppu
- ªSchool of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Albert Einstein Av., 500, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Melissa Gurgel Adeodato Vieira
- ªSchool of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Albert Einstein Av., 500, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Salazar F, Pizarro-Oteíza S, Molinett S, Labbé M. Effect of Optimized UV-LED Technology on Modeling, Inactivation Kinetics and Microbiological Safety in Tomato Juice. Foods 2024; 13:430. [PMID: 38338565 PMCID: PMC10855617 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This research analyzed, optimized and modeled the inactivation kinetics of pathogenic bacteria (PB1: Escherichia coli O157:H7 and PB2: Listeria monocytogenes) and determined the microbiological safety of tomato juice processed by UV-LED irradiation and heat treatment. UV-LED processing conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and were 90% power intensity, 21 min and 273-275 nm (251 mJ/cm2) with R2 > 0.96. Using the optimal conditions, levels of PB1 and PB2 resulted a log reduction of 2.89 and 2.74 CFU/mL, respectively. The Weibull model was efficient for estimating the log inactivation of PB1 and PB2 (CFU/mL). The kinetic parameter δ showed that 465.2 mJ/cm2 is needed to achieve a 90% log (CFU/mL) reduction in PB1 and 511.3 mJ/cm2 for PB2. With respect to the scale parameter p > 1, there is a descending concave curve. UV-LED-treated tomato juice had an 11.4% lower Listeria monocytogenes count than heat-treated juice on day 28 (4.0 ± 0.82 °C). Therefore, UV-LED technology could be used to inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes, preserving tomato juice for microbiological safety, but studies are required to further improve the inactivation of these pathogens and analyze other fruit and vegetable juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Salazar
- Laboratorio de Fermentaciones Industriales, Escuela de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Waddington 716, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Sebastián Pizarro-Oteíza
- Laboratorio de Fermentaciones Industriales, Escuela de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Waddington 716, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Sebastián Molinett
- Laboratorio de Bionanotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA CRI La Cruz, Chorrillos 86, La Cruz 2280454, Chile
| | - Mariela Labbé
- Laboratorio de Fermentaciones Industriales, Escuela de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Waddington 716, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
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8
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Angela S, Lleò MM, Bontempi P, Boschi F. A New Method to Easily Assess Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Activity of Ultraviolet Radiation Using Quantitative Image Analysis. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:1476-1482. [PMID: 36825386 DOI: 10.1111/php.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can elicit both bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity depending on light parameters and targeted bacteria. Current methods based on bacterial growth on solid medium allow measurement of only bactericidal but not bacteriostatic activity, while liquid cultures exhibit low light penetration. Here, we propose a method to quantify both bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity of radiation based on (a) bacterial cultures on solid medium, (b) acquisition and quantitative analysis of photographic images of plates containing bacterial colonies, (c) application of two mathematical equations to evaluate bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity. The proposed method considers the differences in growth on test and control (unexposed) plates. The measurements performed on the plates image are the independent variables of the mathematical equations returning the values of bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity. Experimentally, a test was performed using Escherichia coli grown on a solid medium and exposed to UVA (365 nm) radiation. The standard method allowed quantifying bactericidal activity and evaluating only qualitatively bacteriostatic activity of the radiation. Differently, the new method here proposed allowed quantification of both activities. The proposed method proved to be simple, enabling deep assessment of the antibacterial effects of UV radiation directly on the solid medium through image acquisition and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandri Angela
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria M Lleò
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pietro Bontempi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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9
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Chen H, Moraru C. Synergistic effects of sequential light treatment with 222-nm/405-nm and 280-nm/405-nm wavelengths on inactivation of foodborne pathogens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0065023. [PMID: 37800967 PMCID: PMC10617431 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00650-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-based technologies of different wavelengths can inactivate pathogenic microorganisms, but each wavelength has its limitations. This work explores the potential of sequential treatments with different wavelengths for enhancing the disinfection performance of individual treatments by employing various bactericidal mechanisms. The effectiveness, inactivation kinetics, and bactericidal mechanisms of treatments with 222/405, 280/405, and 405 nm alone against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated. Inactivation experiments were performed in thin liquid bacterial suspensions that were treated either individually with 48 h of 405-nm light or sequentially with (i) 30 s of 222-nm far-UV-C light, followed by 48 h of 405-nm light, or (ii) 30 s of 280-nm far-UV-C light, followed by 48 h of 405-nm light. Survivors were recovered and enumerated by standard plate counting. All inactivation curves were non-linear and followed the Weibull model (0.99 ≥ R2 ≥ 0.70). Synergistic effects were found for E. coli, L. monocytogenes, and S. Typhimurium, with maximum inactivation level increases of 2.9, 3.3, and 1.1 log CFU after the sequential treatments, respectively. Marginal synergy was found for S. aureus, and an antagonistic effect was found for P. aeruginosa after sequential treatments. Significant differences in reactive oxygen species accumulation were found (P < 0.05) after various treatment combinations, and the performance of sequential treatments was correlated with cellular oxidative damage. The sequential wavelength treatments proposed demonstrate the potential for enhanced disinfection of multiple foodborne pathogens compared with individual wavelength treatments, which can have significant food safety benefits. IMPORTANCE Nonthermal light-based technologies offer a chemical-free method to mitigate microbial contamination in the food and healthcare industries. However, each individual wavelength has different limitations in terms of efficacy and operating conditions, which limits their practical applicability. In this study, bactericidal synergism of sequential treatments with different wavelengths was identified. Pre-treatments with 280 and 222 nm enhanced the disinfection performance of follow-up 405-nm treatments for multiple foodborne pathogens by inducing higher levels of cellular membrane damage and oxidative stress. These findings deliver useful information for light equipment manufacturers, food processors, and healthcare users, who can design and optimize effective light-based systems to realize the full potential of germicidal light technologies. The results from the sequential treatments offer practical solutions to improve the germicidal efficacy of visible light systems, as well as provide inspiration for future hurdle disinfection systems design, with a positive impact on food safety and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Chen
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Carmen Moraru
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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10
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Chen H, Cheng Y, Moraru CI. Blue 405 nm LED light effectively inactivates bacterial pathogens on substrates and packaging materials used in food processing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15472. [PMID: 37726297 PMCID: PMC10509141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the antimicrobial effectiveness of 405 nm light emitting diodes (LEDs) against pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus, in thin liquid films (TLF) and on solid surfaces. Stainless steel (SS), high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), and borosilicate glass were used as materials typically encountered in food processing, food service, and clinical environments. Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) coupons with nanoscale topography were used, to evaluate the effect of topography on inactivation. The impact of surface roughness, hydrophobicity, and reflectivity on inactivation was assessed. A 48 h exposure to 405 nm led to reductions ranging from 1.3 (E. coli) to 5.7 (S. aureus) log CFU in TLF and 3.1 to 6.3 log CFU on different solid contact surfaces and packaging materials. All inactivation curves were nonlinear and followed Weibull kinetics, with better inactivation predictions on surfaces (0.89 ≤ R2 ≤ 1.0) compared to TLF (0.76 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.99). The fastest inactivation rate was observed on small nanopore AAO coupons inoculated with L. monocytogenes and S. aureus, indicating inactivation enhancing potential of these surfaces. These results demonstrate significant promise of 405 nm LEDs for antimicrobial applications in food processing and handling and the healthcare industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Chen
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Carmen I Moraru
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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11
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Soro AB, Ekhlas D, Marmion M, Scannell AGM, Whyte P, Bolton DJ, Burgess CM, Tiwari BK. Investigation of differences in susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni strains to UV light-emitting diode (UV-LED) technology. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9459. [PMID: 37301882 PMCID: PMC10257703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni remains a high priority in public health worldwide. Ultraviolet light emitting-diode technology (UV-LED) is currently being explored to reduce Campylobacter levels in foods. However, challenges such as differences in species and strain susceptibilities, effects of repeated UV-treatments on the bacterial genome and the potential to promote antimicrobial cross-protection or induce biofilm formation have arisen. We investigated the susceptibility of eight C. jejuni clinical and farm isolates to UV-LED exposure. UV light at 280 nm induced different inactivation kinetics among strains, of which three showed reductions greater than 1.62 log CFU/mL, while one strain was particularly resistant to UV light with a maximum reduction of 0.39 log CFU/mL. However, inactivation was reduced by 0.46-1.03 log CFU/mL in these three strains and increased to 1.20 log CFU/mL in the resistant isolate after two repeated-UV cycles. Genomic changes related to UV light exposure were analysed using WGS. C. jejuni strains with altered phenotypic responses following UV exposure were also found to have changes in biofilm formation and susceptibility to ethanol and surface cleaners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo B Soro
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 DY05, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Infectious Diseases in Humans, Service Foodborne Pathogens, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel Ekhlas
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 DY05, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Maitiú Marmion
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Amalia G M Scannell
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Paul Whyte
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Declan J Bolton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 DY05, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 DY05, Dublin, Ireland.
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, D15 DY05, Ireland.
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12
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Tavares RSN, Adamoski D, Girasole A, Lima EN, da Silva Justo-Junior A, Domingues R, Silveira ACC, Marques RE, de Carvalho M, Ambrosio ALB, Leme AFP, Dias SMG. Different biological effects of exposure to far-UVC (222 nm) and near-UVC (254 nm) irradiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 243:112713. [PMID: 37086566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet C (UVC) light has long been used as a sterilizing agent, primarily through devices that emit at 254 nm. Depending on the dose and duration of exposure, UV 254 nm can cause erythema and photokeratitis and potentially cause skin cancer since it directly modifies nitrogenated nucleic acid bases. Filtered KrCl excimer lamps (emitting mainly at 222 nm) have emerged as safer germicidal tools and have even been proposed as devices to sterilize surgical wounds. All the studies that showed the safety of 222 nm analyzed cell number and viability, erythema generation, epidermal thickening, the formation of genetic lesions such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-(6-4)-pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PPs) and cancer-inducing potential. Although nucleic acids can absorb and be modified by both UV 254 nm and UV 222 nm equally, compared to UV 254 nm, UV 222 nm is more intensely absorbed by proteins (especially aromatic side chains), causing photooxidation and cross-linking. Here, in addition to analyzing DNA lesion formation, for the first time, we evaluated changes in the proteome and cellular pathways, reactive oxygen species formation, and metalloproteinase (MMP) levels and activity in full-thickness in vitro reconstructed human skin (RHS) exposed to UV 222 nm. We also performed the longest (40 days) in vivo study of UV 222 nm exposure in the HRS/J mouse model at the occupational threshold limit value (TLV) for indirect exposure (25 mJ/cm2) and evaluated overall skin morphology, cellular pathological alterations, CPD and 6-4PP formation and MMP-9 activity. Our study showed that processes related to reactive oxygen species and inflammatory responses were more altered by UV 254 nm than by UV 222 nm. Our chronic in vivo exposure assay using the TLV confirmed that UV 222 nm causes minor damage to the skin. However, alterations in pathways related to skin regeneration raise concerns about direct exposure to UV 222 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Spagolla Napoleão Tavares
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas Adamoski
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Girasole
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen Nogueira Lima
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amauri da Silva Justo-Junior
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Romênia Domingues
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Caznok Silveira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Murilo de Carvalho
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre Luis Berteli Ambrosio
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, Zip Code 13563-1203, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Franco Paes Leme
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Martha Gomes Dias
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Shin S, Dowden B, Doh IJ, Rajwa B, Bae E, Robinson JP. Surface Environment and Energy Density Effects on the Detection and Disinfection of Microorganisms Using a Portable Instrument. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2135. [PMID: 36850732 PMCID: PMC9968048 DOI: 10.3390/s23042135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Real-time detection and disinfection of foodborne pathogens are important for preventing foodborne outbreaks and for maintaining a safe environment for consumers. There are numerous methods for the disinfection of hazardous organisms, including heat treatment, chemical reaction, filtration, and irradiation. This report evaluated a portable instrument to validate its simultaneous detection and disinfection capability in typical laboratory situations. In this challenging study, three gram-negative and two gram-positive microorganisms were used. For the detection of contamination, inoculations of various concentrations were dispensed on three different surface types to estimate the performance for minimum-detectable cell concentration. Inoculations higher than 103~104 CFU/mm2 and 0.15 mm of detectable contaminant size were estimated to generate a sufficient level of fluorescence signal. The evaluation of disinfection efficacy was conducted on three distinct types of surfaces, with the energy density of UVC light (275-nm) ranging from 4.5 to 22.5 mJ/cm2 and the exposure time varying from 1 to 5 s. The study determined the optimal energy dose for each of the microorganisms species. In addition, surface characteristics may also be an important factor that results in different inactivation efficacy. These results demonstrate that the proposed portable device could serve as an in-field detection and disinfection unit in various environments, and provide a more efficient and user-friendly way of performing disinfection on large surface areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungho Shin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Brianna Dowden
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Iyll-Joon Doh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bartek Rajwa
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Euiwon Bae
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - J. Paul Robinson
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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14
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Schöbel H, Diem G, Kiechl J, Chistè D, Bertacchi G, Mayr A, Wilflingseder D, Lass-Flörl C, Posch W. Antimicrobial efficacy and inactivation kinetics of a novel LED based UV-irradiation technology. J Hosp Infect 2023; 135:11-17. [PMID: 36754288 PMCID: PMC10041887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UV light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are energy efficient and of special interest for the inactivation of microorganisms. In context of the current pandemic, novel UV technologies can offer a powerful alternative of effective infection prevention and control (IPC). METHODS We here assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of UV-C LEDs on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Listeria innocua as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and murine norovirus (MNV) dried on inanimate surfaces based on the European standard EN 17272. RESULTS We found an inactivation rate of 90% for the tested bacteria at a mean UV-C dose, averaged over all three investigated UV-C wavelengths, of 1.7 mJ cm-2 for E. coli, 1.9 mJ cm-2 for P. fluorescens and 1.5 mJ cm-2 for L. innocua. For the tested viruses, a 90% inactivation rate at UV doses less than 15 mJ cm-2 for applied UV wavelengths at 255 nm and 265 nm were found. Exposure of viruses to longer UV wavelengths such as 275 nm and 285 nm, required much higher doses up to 120 mJ cm-2 for inactivation. Regarding inactivation, non-enveloped MNV required much higher UV doses for all tested wavelengths compared to SARS-CoV-2 or HIV-1. CONCLUSION Overall, our data recommend the use of LEDs emitting at shorter wavelengths of the UV-C spectrum to inactivate bacteria as well as enveloped and non-enveloped viruses by exposure to the appropriate UV-dose. However, low availability and excessive production costs of shortwave UV-C LEDs restricts the implementation currently and supports the use of longwave UV-C LEDs in combination with higher irradiation doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Schöbel
- Department Biotechnology and Food Engineering, MCI - the Entrepreneurial School, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriel Diem
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Kiechl
- Department Biotechnology and Food Engineering, MCI - the Entrepreneurial School, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Chistè
- Department Biotechnology and Food Engineering, MCI - the Entrepreneurial School, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giulia Bertacchi
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Astrid Mayr
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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15
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Ashrafudoulla M, Ulrich MSI, Toushik SH, Nahar S, Roy PK, Mizan FR, Park SH, Ha SD. Challenges and opportunities of non-conventional technologies concerning food safety. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2163044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ashrafudoulla
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Mevo S. I. Ulrich
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Shamsun Nahar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Pantu Kumar Roy
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Furkanur Rahaman Mizan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hong Park
- Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea
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16
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Inagaki H, Goto Y, Sugiyama H, Saito A, Okabayashi T, Watanabe K, Fujimoto S. Usefulness of a new DUV-LED device for the control of infection by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, mycobacteria and spore-forming bacteria. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1053729. [PMID: 36544797 PMCID: PMC9760979 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1053729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable disinfection and sterilization technologies are needed to deal with the various infectious diseases spreading around the world. Furthermore, bacteria that are difficult to eliminate by ordinary disinfection are also a problem in the medical environment. We examined the germicidal effect of a newly developed deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV-LED) prototype device (wavelength of 280 ± 5 nm; power of 0.9 to 1.4 mW/cm2) for floor sterilization against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Mycobacterium gordonae (M. gordonae), and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). This prototype device is equipped with highly practical DUV-LEDs with a high output efficiency and a long life, and was designed with consideration of the irradiation distance and the angle of the DUV-LEDs to provide a uniform irradiation rate. We found a statistically significant reduction of ≥90% in the infectious titers of both E. coli and S. aureus after irradiation for 2 s. Although acid-fast bacilli and spore-type bacilli are generally thought to be resistant to UV light irradiation compared to general bacteria, the acid-fast bacillus M. gordonae was inactivated after irradiation for 10 s, and spore-type cells of the bacillus B. subtilis were inactivated by ≥90% after irradiation for 30 s. We also found that the effects were cumulative when irradiation was performed at intervals. In the future, the usefulness of this device as an infection control measure will be evaluated in daily medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Inagaki
- M&N Collaboration Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Environment Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Goto
- M&N Collaboration Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Environment Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sugiyama
- M&N Collaboration Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Environment Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan,Nikkiso Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Shouichi Fujimoto
- M&N Collaboration Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Environment Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan,*Correspondence: Shouichi Fujimoto
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17
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Rojas-Hernandez RE, Rubio-Marcos F, Romet I, Del Campo A, Gorni G, Hussainova I, Fernandez JF, Nagirnyi V. Deep-Ultraviolet Emitter: Rare-Earth-Free ZnAl 2O 4 Nanofibers via a Simple Wet Chemical Route. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11886-11896. [PMID: 35857923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Deep-UV (180-280 nm) phosphors have attracted tremendous interest in tri-band-based white light-emitting diode (LED) technology, bio- and photochemistry, as well as various medical fields. However, the application of many UV-emitting materials has been hindered due to their poor thermal or chemical stability, complex synthesis, and environmental harmfulness. A particular concern is posed by the utilization of rare earths affected by rising price and depletion of natural resources. As a consequence, the development of phosphors without rare-earth elements represents an important challenge. In this work, as a potential UV-C phosphor, undoped ZnAl2O4 fibers have been synthesized by a cost-efficient wet chemical route. The rare-earth-free ZnAl2O4 nanofibers exhibit a strong UV emission with two bands peaking at 5.4 eV (230 nm) and 4.75 eV (261 nm). The emission intensity can be controlled by tuning the Zn/Al ratio. A structure-property relationship has been thoroughly studied to understand the origin of the UV emission. For this reason, ZnAl2O4 nanofibers have been analyzed by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy techniques showing that a normal spinel structure of the synthesized material is preserved within a wide range of Zn/Al ratios. The experimental evidence of a strong and narrow band at 7.04 eV in the excitation spectrum of the 5.4 eV emission suggests its excitonic nature. Moreover, the 4.75 eV emission is shown to be related to excitons perturbed by lattice defects, presumably oxygen or cation vacancies. These findings shed light on the design of UV-C emission devices for sterilization based on a rare-earth-free phosphor, providing a feasible alternative to the conventional phosphors doped with rare-earth elements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Rubio-Marcos
- Electroceramic Department, Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, CSIC, Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, C/Pirineos, 55, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivo Romet
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Adolfo Del Campo
- Electroceramic Department, Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, CSIC, Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulio Gorni
- CELLS─ALBA Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irina Hussainova
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate 5, 19180 Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Vitali Nagirnyi
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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18
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UV 254 nm is more efficient than UV 222 nm in inactivating SARS-CoV-2 present in human saliva. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:103015. [PMID: 35843562 PMCID: PMC9281457 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light can inactivate SARS-CoV-2. However, the practicality of UV light is limited by the carcinogenic potential of mercury vapor-based UV lamps. Recent advances in the development of krypton chlorine (KrCl) excimer lamps hold promise, as these emit a shorter peak wavelength (222 nm), which is highly absorbed by the skin's stratum corneum and can filter out higher wavelengths. In this sense, UV 222 nm irradiation for the inactivation of virus particles in the air and surfaces is a potentially safer option as a germicidal technology. However, these same physical properties make it harder to reach microbes present in complex solutions, such as saliva, a critical source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. We provide the first evaluation for using a commercial filtered KrCl excimer light source to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in saliva spread on a surface. A conventional germicidal lamp (UV 254 nm) was also evaluated under the same condition. Using plaque-forming units (PFU) and Median Tissue Culture Infectious Dose (TCID50) per milliliter we found that 99.99% viral clearance (LD99.99) was obtained with 106.3 mJ/cm2 of UV 222 nm for virus in DMEM and 2417 mJ/cm2 for virus in saliva. Additionally, our results showed that the UV 254 nm had a greater capacity to inactivate the virus in both vehicles. Effective (after discounting light absorption) LD99.99 of UV 222 nm on the virus in saliva was ∼30 times higher than the value obtained with virus in saline solution (PBS), we speculated that saliva might be protecting the virus from surface irradiation in ways other than just by intensity attenuation of UV 222 nm. Due to differences between UV 222/254 nm capacities to interact and be absorbed by molecules in complex solutions, a higher dose of 222 nm will be necessary to reduce viral load in surfaces with contaminated saliva.
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19
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Ueki H, Ito M, Furusawa Y, Yamayoshi S, Inoue SI, Kawaoka Y. A 265-Nanometer High-Power Deep-UV Light-Emitting Diode Rapidly Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 Aerosols. mSphere 2022; 7:e0094121. [PMID: 35475734 PMCID: PMC9044969 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00941-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infection transmitted by droplets, aerosols, and contact. Controlling the spread of COVID-19 and developing effective decontamination options are urgent issues for the international community. Here, we report the quantitative inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in liquid and aerosolized samples by a state-of-the-art, high-power, AlGaN-based, single-chip compact deep-UV (DUV) light-emitting diode (LED) that produces a record continuous-wave output power of 500 mW at its peak emission wavelength of 265 nm. Using this DUV-LED, we observed a greater-than-5-log reduction in infectious SARS-CoV-2 in liquid samples within very short irradiation times (<0.4 s). When we quantified the efficacy of the 265-nm DUV-LED in inactivating SARS-CoV-2, we found that DUV-LED inactivation of aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 was approximately nine times greater than that of SARS-CoV-2 suspension. Our data demonstrate that this newly developed, compact, high-power 265-nm DUV-LED irradiation system with remarkably high inactivation efficiency for aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 could be an effective and practical tool for controlling SARS-CoV-2 spread. IMPORTANCE We developed a 265-nm high-power DUV-LED irradiation system and quantitatively demonstrated that the DUV-LED can inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in suspensions and aerosols within very short irradiation times. We also found that the inactivation effect was about nine times greater against aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 than against SARS-CoV-2 suspensions. The DUV-LED has several advantages over conventional LEDs and mercury lamps, including high power, compactness, and environmental friendliness; its rapid inactivation of aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 opens up new possibilities for the practical application of DUV-LEDs in high-efficiency air purification systems to control airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueki
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Ito
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Furusawa
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Inoue
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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20
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McSharry S, Koolman L, Whyte P, Bolton D. Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium in beef broth and on diced beef using an ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED) system. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Darré M, Vicente AR, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Artés-Hernández F. Postharvest Ultraviolet Radiation in Fruit and Vegetables: Applications and Factors Modulating Its Efficacy on Bioactive Compounds and Microbial Growth. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050653. [PMID: 35267286 PMCID: PMC8909097 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been considered a deleterious agent that living organisms must avoid. However, many of the acclimation changes elicited by UV induce a wide range of positive effects in plant physiology through the elicitation of secondary antioxidant metabolites and natural defenses. Therefore, this fact has changed the original UV conception as a germicide and potentially damaging agent, leading to the concept that it is worthy of application in harvested commodities to take advantage of its beneficial responses. Four decades have already passed since postharvest UV radiation applications began to be studied. During this time, UV treatments have been successfully evaluated for different purposes, including the selection of raw materials, the control of postharvest diseases and human pathogens, the elicitation of nutraceutical compounds, the modulation of ripening and senescence, and the induction of cross-stress tolerance. Besides the microbicide use of UV radiation, the effect that has received most attention is the elicitation of bioactive compounds as a defense mechanism. UV treatments have been shown to induce the accumulation of phytochemicals, including ascorbic acid, carotenoids, glucosinolates, and, more frequently, phenolic compounds. The nature and extent of this elicitation have been reported to depend on several factors, including the product type, maturity, cultivar, UV spectral region, dose, intensity, and radiation exposure pattern. Even though in recent years we have greatly increased our understanding of UV technology, some major issues still need to be addressed. These include defining the operational conditions to maximize UV radiation efficacy, reducing treatment times, and ensuring even radiation exposure, especially under realistic processing conditions. This will make UV treatments move beyond their status as an emerging technology and boost their adoption by industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalí Darré
- LIPA—Laboratorio de Investigación en Productos Agroindustriales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 119 s/n, La Plata CP 1900, Argentina;
| | - Ariel Roberto Vicente
- LIPA—Laboratorio de Investigación en Productos Agroindustriales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 119 s/n, La Plata CP 1900, Argentina;
- Correspondence:
| | - Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Francisco Artés-Hernández
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Agronomical Engineering & Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Murcia, Spain;
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22
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Hinds LM, Tiwari BK, O'Donnell CP. Investigating the effect selected ultraviolet light emitting diode treatments on the inactivation of
B. subtilis
, pasting properties and morphology of tapioca starch. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Hinds
- Food Chemistry & Technology Teagasc Food Research Centre Dublin Ireland
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Brijesh K. Tiwari
- Food Chemistry & Technology Teagasc Food Research Centre Dublin Ireland
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Colm P. O'Donnell
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
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23
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Tuchin VV, Genina EA, Tuchina ES, Svetlakova AV, Svenskaya YI. Optical clearing of tissues: Issues of antimicrobial phototherapy and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114037. [PMID: 34752842 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This review presents principles and novelties in the field of tissue optical clearing (TOC) technology, as well as application for optical monitoring of drug delivery and effective antimicrobial phototherapy. TOC is based on altering the optical properties of tissue through the introduction of immersion optical cleaning agents (OCA), which impregnate the tissue of interest. We also analyze various methods and kinetics of delivery of photodynamic agents, nanoantibiotics and their mixtures with OCAs into the tissue depth in the context of antimicrobial and antifungal phototherapy. In vitro and in vivo studies of antimicrobial phototherapies, such as photodynamic, photothermal plasmonic and photocatalytic, are summarized, and the prospects of a new TOC technology for effective killing of pathogens are discussed.
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24
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Synthesis and properties of stellate lactosamide quaternary ammonium surfactants. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Inagaki H, Saito A, Kaneko C, Sugiyama H, Okabayashi T, Fujimoto S. Rapid Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 Variants by Continuous and Intermittent Irradiation with a Deep-Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diode (DUV-LED) Device. Pathogens 2021; 10:754. [PMID: 34203643 PMCID: PMC8232135 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 1 year has passed since social activities have been restricted due to the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). More recently, novel SARS-CoV-2 variants have been spreading around the world, and there is growing concern that they may have higher transmissibility and that the protective efficacy of vaccines may be weaker against them. Immediate measures are needed to reduce human exposure to the virus. In this study, the antiviral efficacy of deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV-LED) irradiation (280 ± 5 nm, 3.75 mW/cm2) against three SARS-CoV-2 variants was evaluated. For the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1 variant strains, irradiation of the virus stocks for 1 s resulted in infectious titer reduction rates of 96.3%, 94.6%, and 91.9%, respectively, and with irradiation for 5 s, the rates increased to 99.9%, 99.9%, and 99.8%, respectively. We also tested the effect of pulsed DUV-LED irradiation (7.5 mW/cm2, duty rate: 50%, frequency: 1 kHz) under the same output conditions as for continuous irradiation and found that the antiviral efficacy of pulsed and continuous irradiation was the same. These findings suggest that by further developing and optimizing the DUV-LED device to increase its output, it may be possible to instantly inactivate SARS-CoV-2 with DUV-LED irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Inagaki
- M&N Collaboration Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Environment Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (H.I.); (H.S.)
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (A.S.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan;
| | - Chiho Kaneko
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan;
| | - Hironobu Sugiyama
- M&N Collaboration Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Environment Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (H.I.); (H.S.)
- Nikkiso Co., Ltd., Tokyo 150-6022, Japan
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (A.S.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan;
| | - Shouichi Fujimoto
- Department of Hemovascular Medicine and Artificial Organs, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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26
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Nyhan L, Przyjalgowski M, Lewis L, Begley M, Callanan M. Investigating the Use of Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes (UV-LEDs) for the Inactivation of Bacteria in Powdered Food Ingredients. Foods 2021; 10:797. [PMID: 33917815 PMCID: PMC8068219 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of contaminated powdered spices and seasonings to finished products which do not undergo further processing represents a significant concern for food manufacturers. To reduce the incidence of bacterial contamination, seasoning ingredients should be subjected to a decontamination process. Ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) have been suggested as an alternative to UV lamps for reducing the microbial load of foods, due to their increasing efficiency, robustness and decreasing cost. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of UV-LED devices for the inactivation of four bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella Typhimurium) on a plastic surface and in four powdered seasoning ingredients (onion powder, garlic powder, cheese and onion powder and chilli powder). Surface inactivation experiments with UV mercury lamps, UVC-LEDs and UVA-LEDs emitting at wavelengths of 254 nm, 270 nm and 365 nm, respectively, revealed that treatment with UVC-LEDs were comparable to, or better than those observed using the mercury lamp. Bacterial reductions in the seasoning powders with UVC-LEDs were less than in the surface inactivation experiments, but significant reductions of 0.75-3 log10 colony forming units (CFU) were obtained following longer (40 s) UVC-LED exposure times. Inactivation kinetics were generally nonlinear, and a comparison of the predictive models highlighted that microbial inactivation was dependent on the combination of powder and microorganism. This study is the first to report on the efficacy of UV-LEDs for the inactivation of several different bacterial species in a variety of powdered ingredients, highlighting the potential of the technology as an alternative to the traditional UV lamps used in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nyhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland; (L.N.); (M.B.)
| | - Milosz Przyjalgowski
- Centre for Advanced Photonics and Process Analysis, Munster Technological University, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland; (M.P.); (L.L.)
| | - Liam Lewis
- Centre for Advanced Photonics and Process Analysis, Munster Technological University, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland; (M.P.); (L.L.)
| | - Máire Begley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland; (L.N.); (M.B.)
| | - Michael Callanan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland; (L.N.); (M.B.)
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27
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Fan L, Liu X, Dong X, Dong S, Xiang Q, Bai Y. Effects of UVC light-emitting diodes on microbial safety and quality attributes of raw tuna fillets. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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28
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Inagaki H, Saito A, Sugiyama H, Okabayashi T, Fujimoto S. Rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 with deep-UV LED irradiation. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:1744-1747. [PMID: 32673522 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.06.138149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The spread of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections worldwide has raised concerns about the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2. Devices that rapidly inactivate viruses can reduce the chance of infection through aerosols and contact transmission. This in vitro study demonstrated that irradiation with a deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV-LED) of 280 ± 5 nm wavelength rapidly inactivates SARS-CoV-2 obtained from a COVID-19 patient. Development of devices equipped with DUV-LED is expected to prevent virus invasion through the air and after touching contaminated objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Inagaki
- M&N Collaboration Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Environment Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sugiyama
- M&N Collaboration Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Environment Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Nikkiso Co., LTD, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shouichi Fujimoto
- Department of Hemovascular Medicine and Artificial Organs, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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29
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Microbial Modeling Needs for the Nonthermal Processing of Foods. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-020-09263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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30
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Beggs CB, Avital EJ. Upper-room ultraviolet air disinfection might help to reduce COVID-19 transmission in buildings: a feasibility study. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10196. [PMID: 33083158 PMCID: PMC7566754 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the world's economies come out of the lockdown imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need for technologies to mitigate COVID-19 transmission in confined spaces such as buildings. This feasibility study looks at one such technology, upper-room ultraviolet (UV) air disinfection, that can be safely used while humans are present in the room space, and which has already proven its efficacy as an intervention to inhibit the transmission of airborne diseases such as measles and tuberculosis. Using published data from various sources, it is shown that the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of COVID-19, is highly likely to be susceptible to UV-C damage when suspended in air, with a UV susceptibility constant likely to be in the region 0.377-0.590 m2/J, similar to that for other aerosolised coronaviruses. As such, the UV-C flux required to disinfect the virus is expected to be acceptable and safe for upper-room applications. Through analysis of expected and worst-case scenarios, the efficacy of the upper-room UV-C approach for reducing COVID-19 transmission in confined spaces (with moderate but sufficient ceiling height) is demonstrated. Furthermore, it is shown that with SARS-CoV-2, it should be possible to achieve high equivalent air change rates using upper-room UV air disinfection, suggesting that the technology might be particularly applicable to poorly ventilated spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive B Beggs
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Eldad J Avital
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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31
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Inagaki H, Saito A, Sugiyama H, Okabayashi T, Fujimoto S. Rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 with deep-UV LED irradiation. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:1744-1747. [PMID: 32673522 PMCID: PMC7473214 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1796529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The spread of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections worldwide has raised concerns about the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2. Devices that rapidly inactivate viruses can reduce the chance of infection through aerosols and contact transmission. This in vitro study demonstrated that irradiation with a deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV-LED) of 280 ± 5 nm wavelength rapidly inactivates SARS-CoV-2 obtained from a COVID-19 patient. Development of devices equipped with DUV-LED is expected to prevent virus invasion through the air and after touching contaminated objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Inagaki
- M&N Collaboration Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Environment Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sugiyama
- M&N Collaboration Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Environment Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Nikkiso Co., LTD, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shouichi Fujimoto
- Department of Hemovascular Medicine and Artificial Organs, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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