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Deepu V, Rai V, Agrawal DK. Quantitative Assessment of Intracellular Effectors and Cellular Response in RAGE Activation. ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH 2024; 7:80-103. [PMID: 38784044 PMCID: PMC11113086 DOI: 10.26502/aimr.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The review delves into the methods for the quantitative assessment of intracellular effectors and cellular response of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE), a vital transmembrane receptor involved in a range of physiological and pathological processes. RAGE bind to Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) and other ligands, which in turn activate diverse downstream signaling pathways that impact cellular responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune reactions. The review article discusses the intracellular signaling pathways activated by RAGE followed by differential activation of RAGE signaling across various diseases. This will ultimately guide researchers in developing targeted and effective interventions for diseases associated with RAGE activation. Further, we have discussed how PCR, western blotting, and microscopic examination of various molecules involved in downstream signaling can be leveraged to monitor, diagnose, and explore diseases involving proteins with unique post-translational modifications. This review article underscores the pressing need for advancements in molecular approaches for disease detection and management involving RAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinitha Deepu
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91763, USA
| | - Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91763, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91763, USA
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2
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Hao N, Yong H, Zhang F, Liu C, Qiu Y, Shi Y, Li C, Wang F. Aortic calcification accelerates cardiac dysfunction via inducing apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:306-318. [PMID: 38169576 PMCID: PMC10758138 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.90324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a known predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerosis and chronic renal disease. However, the exact relationship between VC and cardiovascular mortality remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the underlying mechanisms between VC progression, arterial stiffness, and cardiac dysfunction. C57BL/6 mice were administered intraperitoneally vitamin D3 (VD3) at a dosage of 35×104 IU/day for 14 days. At day 42, VC extent, artery elasticity, carotid artery blood flow, aorta pulse propagation velocity, cardiac function, and pathological changes were evaluated. Heart apoptosis was detected using TUNEL and immunohistochemistry staining. In vitro, rat cardiomyocytes H9C2 were exposed to media from calcified rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) cultured in calcification medium, and then H9C2 apoptosis and gene expression related to cardiac function were assessed. VD3-treated mice displayed a significant aortic calcification, increased pulse propagation velocity of aortae, and reduced cardiac function. Aortae showed increased calcification and elastolysis, with increased heart apoptosis. Hearts demonstrated higher levels of ANP, BNP, MMP2, and lower levels of bcl2/bax. Moreover, calcified rat VSMC media induced H9C2 apoptosis and upregulated genes expression linked to cardiac dysfunction. Our data provide evidence that VC accelerates cardiac dysfunction, partially by inducing cardiomyocytes apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Hao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Hui Yong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yulu Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yumeng Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Chunjian Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
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3
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Wang J, Fang CL, Noller K, Wei Z, Liu G, Shen K, Song K, Cao X, Wan M. Bone-derived PDGF-BB drives brain vascular calcification in male mice. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e168447. [PMID: 37815871 PMCID: PMC10688993 DOI: 10.1172/jci168447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain vascular calcification is a prevalent age-related condition often accompanying neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. The pathogenesis of large-vessel calcifications in peripheral tissue is well studied, but microvascular calcification in the brain remains poorly understood. Here, we report that elevated platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) from bone preosteoclasts contributed to cerebrovascular calcification in male mice. Aged male mice had higher serum PDGF-BB levels and a higher incidence of brain calcification compared with young mice, mainly in the thalamus. Transgenic mice with preosteoclast-specific Pdgfb overexpression exhibited elevated serum PDGF-BB levels and recapitulated age-associated thalamic calcification. Conversely, mice with preosteoclast-specific Pdgfb deletion displayed diminished age-associated thalamic calcification. In an ex vivo cerebral microvascular culture system, PDGF-BB dose-dependently promoted vascular calcification. Analysis of osteogenic gene array and single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) revealed that PDGF-BB upregulated multiple osteogenic differentiation genes and the phosphate transporter Slc20a1 in cerebral microvessels. Mechanistically, PDGF-BB stimulated the phosphorylation of its receptor PDGFRβ (p-PDGFRβ) and ERK (p-ERK), leading to the activation of RUNX2. This activation, in turn, induced the transcription of osteoblast differentiation genes in PCs and upregulated Slc20a1 in astrocytes. Thus, bone-derived PDGF-BB induced brain vascular calcification by activating the p-PDGFRβ/p-ERK/RUNX2 signaling cascade in cerebrovascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiekang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | | | | | - Zhiliang Wei
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Ke Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
| | - Kangping Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and
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4
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Mosquera JV, Auguste G, Wong D, Turner AW, Hodonsky CJ, Alvarez-Yela AC, Song Y, Cheng Q, Lino Cardenas CL, Theofilatos K, Bos M, Kavousi M, Peyser PA, Mayr M, Kovacic JC, Björkegren JLM, Malhotra R, Stukenberg PT, Finn AV, van der Laan SW, Zang C, Sheffield NC, Miller CL. Integrative single-cell meta-analysis reveals disease-relevant vascular cell states and markers in human atherosclerosis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113380. [PMID: 37950869 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is characterized by atherosclerotic plaque formation in the arterial wall. CAD progression involves complex interactions and phenotypic plasticity among vascular and immune cell lineages. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) studies have highlighted lineage-specific transcriptomic signatures, but human cell phenotypes remain controversial. Here, we perform an integrated meta-analysis of 22 scRNA-seq libraries to generate a comprehensive map of human atherosclerosis with 118,578 cells. Besides characterizing granular cell-type diversity and communication, we leverage this atlas to provide insights into smooth muscle cell (SMC) modulation. We integrate genome-wide association study data and uncover a critical role for modulated SMC phenotypes in CAD, myocardial infarction, and coronary calcification. Finally, we identify fibromyocyte/fibrochondrogenic SMC markers (LTBP1 and CRTAC1) as proxies of atherosclerosis progression and validate these through omics and spatial imaging analyses. Altogether, we create a unified atlas of human atherosclerosis informing cell state-specific mechanistic and translational studies of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Verdezoto Mosquera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Gaëlle Auguste
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Doris Wong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Adam W Turner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Chani J Hodonsky
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Yipei Song
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Qi Cheng
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Christian L Lino Cardenas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Maxime Bos
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - P Todd Stukenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chongzhi Zang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nathan C Sheffield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Clint L Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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5
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Majumder S, Chattopadhyay A, Wright JM, Guan P, Buja LM, Kwartler CS, Milewicz DM. Pericentrin deficiency in smooth muscle cells augments atherosclerosis through HSF1-driven cholesterol biosynthesis and PERK activation. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e173247. [PMID: 37937642 PMCID: PMC10721278 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII) is caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants in pericentrin (PCNT), and premature coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complication of the syndrome. Histopathology of coronary arteries from patients with MOPDII who died of CAD in their 20s showed extensive atherosclerosis. Hyperlipidemic mice with smooth muscle cell-specific (SMC-specific) Pcnt deficiency (PcntSMC-/-) exhibited significantly greater atherosclerotic plaque burden compared with similarly treated littermate controls despite similar serum lipid levels. Loss of PCNT in SMCs induced activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and consequently upregulated the expression and activity of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. The increased cholesterol biosynthesis in PcntSMC-/- SMCs augmented PERK signaling and phenotypic modulation compared with control SMCs. Treatment with the HMGCR inhibitor, pravastatin, blocked the augmented SMC modulation and reduced plaque burden in hyperlipidemic PcntSMC-/- mice to that of control mice. These data support the notion that Pcnt deficiency activates cellular stress to increase SMC modulation and plaque burden, and targeting this pathway with statins in patients with MOPDII has the potential to reduce CAD in these individuals. The molecular mechanism uncovered further emphasizes SMC cytosolic stress and HSF1 activation as a pathway driving atherosclerotic plaque formation independently of cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suravi Majumder
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, and
| | - Abhijnan Chattopadhyay
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, and
| | - Jamie M. Wright
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, and
| | - Pujun Guan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, and
| | - L. Maximilian Buja
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Callie S. Kwartler
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, and
| | - Dianna M. Milewicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, and
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6
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Buono MF, Benavente ED, Slenders L, Methorst D, Tessels D, Mili E, Finger R, Kapteijn D, Daniels M, van den Dungen NAM, Calis JJA, Mol BM, de Borst GJ, de Kleijn DPV, Pasterkamp G, den Ruijter HM, Mokry M. Human Plaque Myofibroblasts to Study Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030243. [PMID: 37889192 PMCID: PMC10727388 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Plaque myofibroblasts are critical players in the initiation and advancement of atherosclerotic disease. They are involved in the production of extracellular matrix, the formation of the fibrous cap, and the underlying lipidic core via modulation processes in response to different environmental cues. Despite clear phenotypic differences between myofibroblast cells and healthy vascular smooth muscle cells, smooth muscle cells are still widely used as a cellular model in atherosclerotic research. Methods and Results Here, we present a conditioned outgrowth method to isolate and culture myofibroblast cells from plaques. We obtained these cells from 27 donors (24 carotid and 3 femoral endarterectomies). We show that they keep their proliferative capacity for 8 passages, are transcriptionally stable, retain donor-specific gene expression programs, and express extracellular matrix proteins (FN1, COL1A1, and DCN) and smooth muscle cell markers (ACTA2, MYH11, and CNN1). Single-cell transcriptomics reveals that the cells in culture closely resemble the plaque myofibroblasts. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing shows the presence of histone H3 lysine 4 dimethylation at the MYH11 promoter, pointing to their smooth muscle cell origin. Finally, we demonstrated that plaque myofibroblasts can be efficiently transduced (>97%) and are capable of taking up oxidized low-density lipoprotein and undergoing calcification. Conclusions In conclusion, we present a method to isolate and culture cells that retain plaque myofibroblast phenotypical and functional capabilities, making them a suitable in vitro model for studying selected mechanisms of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele F. Buono
- Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Ernest Diez Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Lotte Slenders
- Central Diagnostics LaboratoryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Daisey Methorst
- Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Tessels
- Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Eloi Mili
- Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Roxy Finger
- Central Diagnostics LaboratoryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Daniek Kapteijn
- Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Mark Daniels
- Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | | | - Jorg J. A. Calis
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
- Center for Translational ImmunologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
- Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Barend M. Mol
- Department of Vascular SurgeryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Gert J. de Borst
- Department of Vascular SurgeryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | | | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics LaboratoryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Hester M. den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Michal Mokry
- Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
- Central Diagnostics LaboratoryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
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7
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Kaw K, Chattopadhyay A, Guan P, Chen J, Majumder S, Duan XY, Ma S, Zhang C, Kwartler CS, Milewicz DM. Smooth muscle α-actin missense variant promotes atherosclerosis through modulation of intracellular cholesterol in smooth muscle cells. Eur Heart J 2023:ehad373. [PMID: 37377039 PMCID: PMC10393072 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The variant p.Arg149Cys in ACTA2, which encodes smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific α-actin, predisposes to thoracic aortic disease and early onset coronary artery disease in individuals without cardiovascular risk factors. This study investigated how this variant drives increased atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Apoe-/- mice with and without the variant were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, followed by evaluation of atherosclerotic plaque formation and single-cell transcriptomics analysis. SMCs explanted from Acta2R149C/+ and wildtype (WT) ascending aortas were used to investigate atherosclerosis-associated SMC phenotypic modulation. Hyperlipidemic Acta2R149C/+Apoe-/- mice have a 2.5-fold increase in atherosclerotic plaque burden compared to Apoe-/- mice with no differences in serum lipid levels. At the cellular level, misfolding of the R149C α-actin activates heat shock factor 1, which increases endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis and intracellular cholesterol levels through increased HMG-CoA reductase (HMG-CoAR) expression and activity. The increased cellular cholesterol in Acta2R149C/+ SMCs induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and activates PERK-ATF4-KLF4 signaling to drive atherosclerosis-associated phenotypic modulation in the absence of exogenous cholesterol, while WT cells require higher levels of exogenous cholesterol to drive phenotypic modulation. Treatment with the HMG-CoAR inhibitor pravastatin successfully reverses the increased atherosclerotic plaque burden in Acta2R149C/+Apoe-/- mice. CONCLUSION These data establish a novel mechanism by which a pathogenic missense variant in a smooth muscle-specific contractile protein predisposes to atherosclerosis in individuals without hypercholesterolemia or other risk factors. The results emphasize the role of increased intracellular cholesterol levels in driving SMC phenotypic modulation and atherosclerotic plaque burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveeta Kaw
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Abhijnan Chattopadhyay
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pujun Guan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Suravi Majumder
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xue-Yan Duan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shuangtao Ma
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Current address: Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue St, B226B Life Sciences, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Callie S Kwartler
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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8
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Wong D, Auguste G, Cardenas CLL, Turner AW, Chen Y, Song Y, Ma L, Perry RN, Aherrahrou R, Kuppusamy M, Yang C, Mosquera JV, Dube CJ, Khan MD, Palmore M, Kalra JK, Kavousi M, Peyser PA, Matic L, Hedin U, Manichaikul A, Sonkusare SK, Civelek M, Kovacic JC, Björkegren JL, Malhotra R, Miller CL. FHL5 Controls Vascular Disease-Associated Gene Programs in Smooth Muscle Cells. Circ Res 2023; 132:1144-1161. [PMID: 37017084 PMCID: PMC10147587 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of loci associated with common vascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. However, the lack of mechanistic insights for many GWAS loci limits their translation into the clinic. Among these loci with unknown functions is UFL1-four-and-a-half LIM (LIN-11, Isl-1, MEC-3) domain 5 (FHL5; chr6q16.1), which reached genome-wide significance in a recent coronary artery disease/ myocardial infarction GWAS meta-analysis. UFL1-FHL5 is also associated with several vascular diseases, consistent with the widespread pleiotropy observed for GWAS loci. METHODS We apply a multimodal approach leveraging statistical fine-mapping, epigenomic profiling, and ex vivo analysis of human coronary artery tissues to implicate FHL5 as the top candidate causal gene. We unravel the molecular mechanisms of the cross-phenotype genetic associations through in vitro functional analyses and epigenomic profiling experiments in coronary artery smooth muscle cells. RESULTS We prioritized FHL5 as the top candidate causal gene at the UFL1-FHL5 locus through expression quantitative trait locus colocalization methods. FHL5 gene expression was enriched in the smooth muscle cells and pericyte population in human artery tissues with coexpression network analyses supporting a functional role in regulating smooth muscle cell contraction. Unexpectedly, under procalcifying conditions, FHL5 overexpression promoted vascular calcification and dysregulated processes related to extracellular matrix organization and calcium handling. Lastly, by mapping FHL5 binding sites and inferring FHL5 target gene function using artery tissue gene regulatory network analyses, we highlight regulatory interactions between FHL5 and downstream coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction loci, such as FOXL1 and FN1 that have roles in vascular remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these studies provide mechanistic insights into the pleiotropic genetic associations of UFL1-FHL5. We show that FHL5 mediates vascular disease risk through transcriptional regulation of downstream vascular remodeling gene programs. These transacting mechanisms may explain a portion of the heritable risk for complex vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Wong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Gaëlle Auguste
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Christian L. Lino Cardenas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam W. Turner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Yipei Song
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lijiang Ma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - R. Noah Perry
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Redouane Aherrahrou
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Maniselvan Kuppusamy
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jose Verdezoto Mosquera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Collin J. Dube
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mohammad Daud Khan
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Meredith Palmore
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jaspreet K. Kalra
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ljubica Matic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Swapnil K. Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mete Civelek
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jason C. Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Johan L.M. Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clint L. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Hao N, Zhou Z, Zhang F, Li Y, Hu R, Zou J, Zheng R, Wang L, Xu L, Tan W, Li C, Wang F. Interleukin-29 Accelerates Vascular Calcification via JAK2/STAT3/BMP2 Signaling. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 12:e027222. [PMID: 36537334 PMCID: PMC9973608 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Vascular calcification (VC), associated with enhanced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, is characterized by the osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Inflammation promotes VC initiation and progression. Interleukin (IL)-29, a newly discovered member of type III interferon, has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here we evaluated the role of IL-29 in the VC process and underlying inflammatory mechanisms. Methods and Results The mRNA expression of IL-29 was significantly increased and positively associated with an increase in BMP2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2) mRNA level in calcified carotid arteries from patients with coronary artery disease or chronic kidney disease. IL-29 and BMP2 proteins are colocalized in human calcified arteries. IL-29 binding to its specific receptor IL-28Rα (IL-28 receptor α) (IL-29/IL-28Rα) inhibited the proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells without altering cell apoptosis or migration. IL-29 promoted the calcification of rat vascular smooth muscle cells and their osteogenic transdifferentiation in vitro as well as the rat aortic ring calcification ex vivo, induced by the calcification medium or osteogenic medium. The procalcification effect of IL-29 was reduced by pharmacological inhibition of IL-29/IL-28Rα binding as well as suppression of janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway activation, accompanied by decreased BMP2 expression in the cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Conclusions These results suggest an important role of IL-29 in VC development, at least partly, via activating the janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling. Inhibition of IL-29 or its specific receptor, IL-28Rα, may provide a novel strategy to reduce VC in patients with vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Hao
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Yong Li
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Vascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Junjie Zou
- Department of Vascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Lingxiao Xu
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Chunjian Li
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
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10
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Natesan K, Srivalli T, Mohan H, Jayaprakash A, Ramalingam V. UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS E-based metabolomics analysis of Acer mono sap and evaluation of osteogenic activity in mouse osteoblast cells. Food Funct 2022; 13:13002-13013. [PMID: 36449013 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01948e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of phytochemicals and bioactive molecules is tremendously vital for the applications of new plant resources in chemistry, food, and medicine. In this study, the chemical profiling of sap of Acer mono (SAM), a Korean syrup known for its anti-osteoporosis effect, was performed using UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE analysis. A total of 23 compounds were identified based on the mass and fragmentation characteristics and most of the compounds have significant biomedical applications. The in vitro antioxidant assessment of SAM indicated excellent activity by scavenging DPPH and ABTS-free radicals and were found to be 23.35 mg mL-1 and 29.33 mg mL-1, respectively, as IC50 concentrations. As well, the in vitro proliferation effect of the SAM was assessed against mouse MC3T3-E1 cells, and the results showed that the SAM enhanced the proliferation of the cells, and 12.5 mg mL-1 and 25 mg mL-1 of SAM were selected for osteogenic differentiation. The morphological analysis clearly evidenced the SAM enhanced the osteogenic activity in MC3T3-E1 cells by the increased deposition of extracellular calcium and nodule formation. Moreover, the qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the increased expression of osteoblast marker gene expression including ALP, osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen1α1, Runx2, and osterix in SAM-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. Together, these results suggest that SAM possesses osteogenic effects and can be used for bone regeneration and bone loss-associated diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthi Natesan
- School of Allied Health Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Thimmarayan Srivalli
- PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, Scared Heart College (Autonomous), Tirupattur - 635601, Tamil Nadu, India (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore - 632115, Tamil Nadu, India)
| | - Harshavardhan Mohan
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Arul Jayaprakash
- PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, Scared Heart College (Autonomous), Tirupattur - 635601, Tamil Nadu, India (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore - 632115, Tamil Nadu, India)
| | - Vaikundamoorthy Ramalingam
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
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11
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Sawma T, Shaito A, Najm N, Sidani M, Orekhov A, El-Yazbi AF, Iratni R, Eid AH. Role of RhoA and Rho-associated kinase in phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells: Implications for vascular function. Atherosclerosis 2022; 358:12-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Abugomaa A, Elbadawy M, Yamamoto H, Ayame H, Ishihara Y, Sato Y, Yamawaki H, Kaneda M, Usui T, Sasaki K. Establishment of a direct 2.5D organoid culture model using companion animal cancer tissues. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113597. [PMID: 36030590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Like humans, cancer affects companion animals with similar genetic risks and incident rates. To improve treatment strategies for pet cancers, new research models are necessary. Patient-derived 3D organoid culture models are valuable and ensure the development of new effective therapies. In the previous study, we established a 3D organoid-derived 2.5D organoid culture model that recapitulated some characteristics of their parental 3D organoids. In the present study, we aimed to generate a 2.5D organoid culture model directly from cancer-diseased dogs and cats using special 2.5D media. The primary cultured cells in 2.5D media (direct 2.5D organoids) showed better attachment, growth, marker expression, and faster proliferation speed than those cultured in normal Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium media. The direct 2.5D organoids showed expression of each specific marker to their original cancer tissues and exhibited tumorigenesis in vivo. Moreover, the direct 2.5D organoids exhibited concentration-dependent responses to anti-cancer drugs, and different sensitivity profiles were shown among the strains. Our data suggest that the direct 2.5D organoid culture model might become a useful tool beyond 2D cell lines to study cancer biology in companion animals and could provide new platforms for screening the anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Abugomaa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, 13736 Toukh, Egypt.
| | - Haru Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ayame
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yomogi Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1 Higashi 23 ban-cho, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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13
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Jeong J, Cho S, Lee BS, Seo M, Jang Y, Lim S, Park S. Soluble RAGE attenuates Ang II-induced arterial calcification via inhibiting AT1R-HMGB1-RAGE axis. Atherosclerosis 2022; 346:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Skenteris NT, Seime T, Witasp A, Karlöf E, Wasilewski GB, Heuschkel MA, Jaminon AM, Oduor L, Dzhanaev R, Kronqvist M, Lengquist M, Peeters FE, Söderberg M, Hultgren R, Roy J, Maegdefessel L, Arnardottir H, Bengtsson E, Goncalves I, Quertermous T, Goettsch C, Stenvinkel P, Schurgers LJ, Matic L. Osteomodulin attenuates smooth muscle cell osteogenic transition in vascular calcification. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e682. [PMID: 35184400 PMCID: PMC8858609 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Vascular calcification is a prominent feature of late‐stage diabetes, renal and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and has been linked to adverse events. Recent studies in patients reported that plasma levels of osteomodulin (OMD), a proteoglycan involved in bone mineralisation, associate with diabetes and CVD. We hypothesised that OMD could be implicated in these diseases via vascular calcification as a common underlying factor and aimed to investigate its role in this context. Methods and results In patients with chronic kidney disease, plasma OMD levels correlated with markers of inflammation and bone turnover, with the protein present in calcified arterial media. Plasma OMD also associated with cardiac calcification and the protein was detected in calcified valve leaflets by immunohistochemistry. In patients with carotid atherosclerosis, circulating OMD was increased in association with plaque calcification as assessed by computed tomography. Transcriptomic and proteomic data showed that OMD was upregulated in atherosclerotic compared to control arteries, particularly in calcified plaques, where OMD expression correlated positively with markers of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), osteoblasts and glycoproteins. Immunostaining confirmed that OMD was abundantly present in calcified plaques, localised to extracellular matrix and regions rich in α‐SMA+ cells. In vivo, OMD was enriched in SMCs around calcified nodules in aortic media of nephrectomised rats and in plaques from ApoE−/− mice on warfarin. In vitro experiments revealed that OMD mRNA was upregulated in SMCs stimulated with IFNγ, BMP2, TGFβ1, phosphate and β‐glycerophosphate, and by administration of recombinant human OMD protein (rhOMD). Mechanistically, addition of rhOMD repressed the calcification process of SMCs treated with phosphate by maintaining their contractile phenotype along with enriched matrix organisation, thereby attenuating SMC osteoblastic transformation. Mechanistically, the role of OMD is exerted likely through its link with SMAD3 and TGFB1 signalling, and interplay with BMP2 in vascular tissues. Conclusion We report a consistent association of both circulating and tissue OMD levels with cardiovascular calcification, highlighting the potential of OMD as a clinical biomarker. OMD was localised in medial and intimal α‐SMA+ regions of calcified cardiovascular tissues, induced by pro‐inflammatory and pro‐osteogenic stimuli, while the presence of OMD in extracellular environment attenuated SMC calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos T. Skenteris
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit Department of Medicine Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
- Division of Vascular Surgery Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
| | - Till Seime
- Division of Vascular Surgery Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anna Witasp
- Division of Renal Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Eva Karlöf
- Division of Vascular Surgery Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Grzegorz B. Wasilewski
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
- Nattopharma ASA, Oslo Norway
| | - Marina A. Heuschkel
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine I‐Cardiology Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Armand M.G. Jaminon
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
| | - Loureen Oduor
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö and Cardiology Skåne University Hospital Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Robert Dzhanaev
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
- Biointerface Group Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Malin Kronqvist
- Division of Vascular Surgery Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mariette Lengquist
- Division of Vascular Surgery Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Frederique E.C.M. Peeters
- Department of Cardiology and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht Netherlands
| | - Magnus Söderberg
- Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism Safety Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Rebecka Hultgren
- Division of Vascular Surgery Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Joy Roy
- Division of Vascular Surgery Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit Department of Medicine Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
- Klinikum rechts der Isar Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Technical University Munich Munich Germany
| | - Hildur Arnardottir
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit Department of Medicine Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Eva Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö and Cardiology Skåne University Hospital Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Isabel Goncalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö and Cardiology Skåne University Hospital Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Stanford Stanford California USA
| | - Claudia Goettsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I‐Cardiology Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Leon J. Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Division of Vascular Surgery Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
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15
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Fusaro M, Tripepi G, Plebani M, Politi C, Aghi A, Taddei F, Schileo E, Zaninotto M, La Manna G, Cianciolo G, Gallieni M, Cosmai L, Messa P, Ravera M, Nickolas TL, Ferrari S, Ketteler M, Iervasi G, Mereu MC, Vettor R, Giannini S, Gasperoni L, Sella S, Brandi ML, Cianferotti L, De Caterina R. The Vessels-Bone Axis: Iliac Artery Calcifications, Vertebral Fractures and Vitamin K from VIKI Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103567. [PMID: 34684568 PMCID: PMC8539275 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification and fragility fractures are associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in end-stage renal disease. We evaluated the relationship of iliac arteries calcifications (IACs) and abdominal aortic calcifications (AACs) with the risk for vertebral fractures (VFs) in hemodialysis patients. The VIKI study was a multicenter cross-sectional study involving 387 hemodialysis patients. The biochemical data included bone health markers, such as vitamin K levels, vitamin K-dependent proteins, vitamin 25(OH)D, alkaline phosphatase, parathormone, calcium, and phosphate. VF, IACs and AACs was determined through standardized spine radiograms. VF was defined as >20% reduction of vertebral body height, and VC were quantified by measuring the length of calcium deposits along the arteries. The prevalence of IACs and AACs were 56.1% and 80.6%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, the presence of IACs was associated with 73% higher odds of VF (p = 0.028), whereas we found no association (p = 0.294) for AACs. IACs were associated with VF irrespective of calcification severity. Patients with IACs had lower levels of vitamin K2 and menaquinone 7 (0.99 vs. 1.15 ng/mL; p = 0.003), and this deficiency became greater with adjustment for triglycerides (0.57 vs. 0.87 ng/mL; p < 0.001). IACs, regardless of their extent, are a clinically relevant risk factor for VFs. The association is enhanced by adjusting for vitamin K, a main player in bone and vascular health. To our knowledge these results are the first in the literature. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings both in chronic kidney disease and in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fusaro
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.I.); (R.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giovanni Tripepi
- CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Ospedali Riuniti, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (G.T.); (C.P.)
| | - Mario Plebani
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35129 Padua, Italy; (M.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Cristina Politi
- CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Ospedali Riuniti, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (G.T.); (C.P.)
| | - Andrea Aghi
- Clinica Medica 1, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.A.); (S.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Fulvia Taddei
- Bioengineering and Computing Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.T.); (E.S.)
| | - Enrico Schileo
- Bioengineering and Computing Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.T.); (E.S.)
| | - Martina Zaninotto
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35129 Padua, Italy; (M.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.L.M.); (G.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Cianciolo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.L.M.); (G.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Maurizio Gallieni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy;
| | - Laura Cosmai
- Nephrology Unit, ASST Fate Bene Fratelli Sacco, 20157 Milano, Italy;
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Thomas L. Nickolas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Serge Ferrari
- Service des Maladies Osseuses, Département de Médecine, HUG, 1205 Genève, Switzerland;
| | - Markus Ketteler
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Giorgio Iervasi
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.I.); (R.V.)
| | | | - Roberto Vettor
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.I.); (R.V.)
| | - Sandro Giannini
- Clinica Medica 1, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.A.); (S.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Gasperoni
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.L.M.); (G.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Stefania Sella
- Clinica Medica 1, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.A.); (S.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.L.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Luisella Cianferotti
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.L.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Fondazione Villa Serena per la Ricerca, Città Sant’Angelo, 65013 Pescara, Italy
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16
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Espinosa-Diez C, Mandi V, Du M, Liu M, Gomez D. Smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis: clones but not carbon copies. JVS Vasc Sci 2021; 2:136-148. [PMID: 34617064 PMCID: PMC8489213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of the contribution of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to atherosclerosis has greatly advanced in the previous decade with the development of techniques allowing for the unambiguous identification and phenotypic characterization of SMC populations within the diseased vascular wall. By performing fate mapping or single-cell transcriptomics studies, or a combination of both, the field has made key observations: SMCs populate atherosclerotic lesions by the selective expansion and investment of a limited number of medial SMCs, which undergo profound and diverse modifications of their original phenotype and function. Thus, if SMCs residing within atherosclerotic lesions and contributing to the disease are clones, they are not carbon copies and can play atheroprotective or atheropromoting roles, depending on the nature of their phenotypic transitions. Tremendous progress has been made in identifying the transcriptional mechanisms biasing SMC fate. In the present review, we have summarized the recent advances in characterizing SMC investment and phenotypic diversity and the molecular mechanisms controlling SMC fate in atherosclerotic lesions. We have also discussed some of the remaining questions associated with these breakthrough observations. These questions include the underlying mechanisms regulating the phenomenon of SMC oligoclonal expansion; whether single-cell transcriptomics is reliable and sufficient to ascertain SMC functions and contributions during atherosclerosis development and progression; and how SMC clonality and phenotypic plasticity affects translational research and the therapeutic approaches developed to prevent atherosclerosis complications. Finally, we have discussed the complementary approaches the field should lean toward by combining single-cell phenotypic categorization and functional studies to understand further the complex SMC behavior and contribution in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Espinosa-Diez
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Varun Mandi
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Mingyuan Du
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingjun Liu
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Delphine Gomez
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa,Correspondence: Delphine Gomez, PhD, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St, Biomedical Science Tower, Rm 1723, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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Kim SH, Monticone RE, McGraw KR, Wang M. Age-associated proinflammatory elastic fiber remodeling in large arteries. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 196:111490. [PMID: 33839189 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elastic fibers are the main components of the extracellular matrix of the large arterial wall. Elastic fiber remodeling is an intricate process of synthesis and degradation of the core elastin protein and microfibrils accompanied by the assembly and disassembly of accessory proteins. Age-related morphological, structural, and functional proinflammatory remodeling within the elastic fiber has a profound effect upon the integrity, elasticity, calcification, amyloidosis, and stiffness of the large arterial wall. An age-associated increase in arterial stiffness is a major risk factor for the pathogenesis of diseases of the large arteries such as hypertensive and atherosclerotic vasculopathy. This mini review is an update on the key molecular, cellular, functional, and structural mechanisms of elastic fiber proinflammatory remodeling in large arteries with aging. Targeting structural and functional integrity of the elastic fiber may be an effective approach to impede proinflammatory arterial remodeling with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyuk Kim
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institution on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center (BRC), 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Robert E Monticone
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institution on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center (BRC), 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kimberly R McGraw
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institution on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center (BRC), 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institution on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center (BRC), 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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