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Benkhoff M, Polzin A. Lipoprotection in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 264:108747. [PMID: 39491757 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Revised: 10/14/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Cardioprotection is a well-established term in the scientific world. It describes the protection of various mediators on the cardiovascular system. These protective effects can also be provided by certain lipids. Since lipids are a very specific and clearly definable class of substances, we define the term lipoprotection as lipid-mediated cardioprotection. In this review, we highlight high-density lipoprotein (HDL), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) as the most important lipoprotective mediators and show their beneficial impact on coronary artery disease (CAD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure (HF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Benkhoff
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amin Polzin
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany.
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2
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Zheng Y, Wang Y, Qi B, Gao W, Liu Y, Li T. Axin2 depletion in macrophages alleviated senescence and increased immune response after myocardial infarction. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:407-414. [PMID: 38158447 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN This study aimed to investigate Axin2 effects on myocardial infarction (MI) using a macrophage Axin2 conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model, RAW264.7 cell line, and human subepicardial tissues from patients with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). MATERIAL OR SUBJECTS Axin2 cKO mice showed decreased cardiac function, reduced edema, increased lymphangiogenesis, and improved repair in MI Few studies border zones. Hypoxic macrophages with Axin2 depletion exhibited decreased senescence, elevated IL6 expression, and increased LYVE1 transcription. Senescent macrophages decreased in patients with CABG and low Axin2 expression. TREATMENT Treatment options included in this study were MI induction in Axin2 cKO mice, in vitro experiments with RAW264.7 cells, and analysis of human subepicardial tissues. METHODS Assays included MI induction, in vitro experiments, and tissue analysis with statistical tests applied. RESULTS Axin2 cKO improved cardiac function, reduced edema, enhanced lymphangiogenesis, and decreased senescence. Hypoxic macrophages with Axin2 depletion showed reduced senescence, increased IL6 expression, and elevated LYVE1 transcription. Senescent macrophages decreased in patients with CABG and low Axin2 expression. CONCLUSION Targeting Axin2 emerges as a novel therapeutic strategy for regulating cardiac lymphatics and mitigating cell senescence post-MI, evidenced by improved outcomes in Axin2-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin ECMO Treatment and Training Base, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuchao Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin ECMO Treatment and Training Base, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingcai Qi
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin ECMO Treatment and Training Base, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenqing Gao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin ECMO Treatment and Training Base, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanwu Liu
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin ECMO Treatment and Training Base, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China.
- Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China.
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300170, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin ECMO Treatment and Training Base, Tianjin, 300170, China.
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.
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3
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Jasińska-Stroschein M. Searching for Effective Treatments in HFpEF: Implications for Modeling the Disease in Rodents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1449. [PMID: 37895920 PMCID: PMC10610318 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has increased over the last two decades, there still remains a lack of effective treatment. A key therapeutic challenge is posed by the absence of animal models that accurately replicate the complexities of HFpEF. The present review summarizes the effects of a wide spectrum of therapeutic agents on HF. METHODS Two online databases were searched for studies; in total, 194 experimental protocols were analyzed following the PRISMA protocol. RESULTS A diverse range of models has been proposed for studying therapeutic interventions for HFpEF, with most being based on pressure overload and systemic hypertension. They have been used to evaluate more than 150 different substances including ARNIs, ARBs, HMGR inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors and incretins. Existing preclinical studies have primarily focused on LV diastolic performance, and this has been significantly improved by a wide spectrum of candidate therapeutic agents. Few experiments have investigated the normalization of pulmonary congestion, exercise capacity, animal mortality, or certain molecular hallmarks of heart disease. CONCLUSIONS The development of comprehensive preclinical HFpEF models, with multi-organ system phenotyping and physiologic stress-based functional testing, is needed for more successful translation of preclinical research to clinical trials.
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Tah S, Valderrama M, Afzal M, Iqbal J, Farooq A, Lak MA, Gostomczyk K, Jami E, Kumar M, Sundaram A, Sharifa M, Arain M. Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: An Evolving Understanding. Cureus 2023; 15:e46152. [PMID: 37900404 PMCID: PMC10613100 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a clinical syndrome in which patients have signs and symptoms of HF due to high left ventricular (LV) filling pressure despite normal or near normal LV ejection fraction. It is more common than HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and its diagnosis and treatment are more challenging than HFrEF. Although hypertension is the primary risk factor, coronary artery disease and other comorbidities, such as atrial fibrillation (AF), diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and obesity, also play an essential role in its formation. This review summarizes current knowledge about HFpEF, its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, current treatments, and promising novel treatments. It is essential to continue to be updated on the latest treatments for HFpEF so that patients always receive the most therapeutic treatments. The use of GnRH agonists in the management of HFpEF, infusion of Apo a-I nanoparticle, low-level transcutaneous vagal stimulation (LLTS), and estrogen only in post-menopausal women are promising strategies to prevent diastolic dysfunction and HFpEF; however, there is still no proven curative treatment for HFpEF yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunanda Tah
- Surgery, Beckley Appalachian Regional Healthcare (ARH) Hospital, Beckley, USA
- Surgery, Saint James School of Medicine, Arnos Vale, VCT
| | | | - Maham Afzal
- Medicine, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, PAK
| | | | - Aisha Farooq
- Internal Medicine, Dr. Ruth Pfau Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Karol Gostomczyk
- Medicine, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, POL
| | - Elhama Jami
- Internal Medicine, Herat Regional Hospital, Herat, AFG
| | | | | | | | - Mustafa Arain
- Internal Medicine, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK
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5
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De Geest B, Mishra M. New Perspectives on Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11298. [PMID: 37511058 PMCID: PMC10379683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In animals, cholesterol is an essential component of every cellular membrane and is required for cell membrane integrity [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart De Geest
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mudit Mishra
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Lamptey RNL, Sun C, Layek B, Singh J. Neurogenic Hypertension, the Blood-Brain Barrier, and the Potential Role of Targeted Nanotherapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2213. [PMID: 36768536 PMCID: PMC9916775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major health concern globally. Elevated blood pressure, initiated and maintained by the brain, is defined as neurogenic hypertension (NH), which accounts for nearly half of all hypertension cases. A significant increase in angiotensin II-mediated sympathetic nervous system activity within the brain is known to be the key driving force behind NH. Blood pressure control in NH has been demonstrated through intracerebrovascular injection of agents that reduce the sympathetic influence on cardiac functions. However, traditional antihypertensive agents lack effective brain permeation, making NH management extremely challenging. Therefore, developing strategies that allow brain-targeted delivery of antihypertensives at the therapeutic level is crucial. Targeting nanotherapeutics have become popular in delivering therapeutics to hard-to-reach regions of the body, including the brain. Despite the frequent use of nanotherapeutics in other pathological conditions such as cancer, their use in hypertension has received very little attention. This review discusses the underlying pathophysiology and current management strategies for NH, as well as the potential role of targeted therapeutics in improving current treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Buddhadev Layek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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7
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Klobučar I, Degoricija V, Potočnjak I, Trbušić M, Pregartner G, Berghold A, Fritz-Petrin E, Habisch H, Madl T, Frank S. HDL-apoA-II Is Strongly Associated with 1-Year Mortality in Acute Heart Failure Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1668. [PMID: 35884971 PMCID: PMC9313377 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of the subset of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles containing apolipoprotein (apo)A-II (HDL-apoA-II) in acute heart failure (AHF) remains unexplored. In this study, baseline serum levels of HDL-apoA-II (total and subfractions 1−4) were measured in 315 AHF patients using NMR spectroscopy. The mean patient age was 74.2 ± 10.5 years, 136 (43.2%) were female, 288 (91.4%) had a history of cardiomyopathy, 298 (94.6%) presented as New York Heart Association class 4, and 118 (37.5%) patients died within 1 year after hospitalization for AHF. Multivariable Cox regression analyses, adjusted for age and sex as well as other clinical and laboratory parameters associated with 1-year mortality in the univariable analyses, revealed a significant inverse association of HDL-apoA-II (hazard ratio (HR) 0.67 per 1 standard deviation (1 SD) increase, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47−0.94, p = 0.020), HDL2-apoA-II (HR 0.72 per 1 SD increase, 95% CI 0.54−0.95, p = 0.019), and HDL3-apoA-II (HR 0.59 per 1 SD increase, 95% CI 0.43−0.80, p < 0.001) with 1-year mortality. We conclude that low baseline HDL-apoA-II, HDL2-apoA-II, and HDL3-apoA-II serum levels are associated with increased 1-year mortality in AHF patients and may thus be of prognostic value in AHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Klobučar
- Department of Cardiology, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Vesna Degoricija
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Medicine, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Potočnjak
- Institute for Clinical Medical Research and Education, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Matias Trbušić
- Department of Cardiology, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.K.); (M.T.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Gudrun Pregartner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics und Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Berghold
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics und Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Eva Fritz-Petrin
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Hansjörg Habisch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (T.M.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (T.M.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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8
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Salido-Medina AB, Gil A, Expósito V, Martínez F, Redondo JM, Hurlé MA, Nistal JF, García R. BMP7-based peptide agonists of BMPR1A protect the left ventricle against pathological remodeling induced by pressure overload. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112910. [PMID: 35616049 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) exposes the left ventricle (LV) to pressure overload leading to detrimental LV remodeling and heart failure. In animal models of cardiac injury or hemodynamic stress, bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7) protects LV against remodeling by counteracting TGF-β effects. BMP receptor 1A (BMPR1A) might mediate BMP7 antifibrotic effects. Herein we evaluated BMP7-based peptides, THR123 and THR184, agonists of BMPR1A, as cardioprotective drugs in a pressure overload model. We studied patients with AS, mice subjected to four-week transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and TAC release (de-TAC). The LV of AS patients and TAC mice featured Bmpr1a downregulation. Also, pSMAD1/5/(8)9 was reduced in TAC mice. Pre-emptive treatment of mice with THR123 and THR184, during the four-week TAC period, normalized pSMAD1/5/(8)9 levels in the LV, attenuated overexpression of remodeling-related genes (Col 1α1, β-MHC, BNP), palliated structural damage (hypertrophy and fibrosis) and alleviated LV dysfunction (systolic and diastolic). THR184 administration, starting fifteen days after TAC, halted the ongoing remodeling and partially reversed LV dysfunction. The reverse remodeling after pressure overload release was facilitated by THR184. Both peptides diminished the TGF-β1-induced hypertrophic gene program in cardiomyocytes, collagen transcriptional activation in fibroblasts, and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Molecular docking suggests that both peptides bind with similar binding energies to the BMP7 binding domain at the BMPR1A. The present study results provide a preclinical proof-of-concept of potential therapeutic benefits of BMP7-based small peptides, which function as agonists of BMPR1A, against the pathological LV remodeling in the context of aortic stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aritz Gil
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecillla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV), Santander, Spain
| | - Víctor Expósito
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecillla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV), Santander, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M Redondo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Gene regulation in cardiovascular remodeling and inflammation group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Hurlé
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecillla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - J Francisco Nistal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecillla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y Quirúrgicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV), Santander, Spain.
| | - Raquel García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecillla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
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9
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Liu C, Lai Y, Guan T, Zhan J, Pei J, Wu D, Ying S, Shen Y. Associations of ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel’s Gene Polymorphisms With Type 2 Diabetes and Related Cardiovascular Phenotypes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:816847. [PMID: 35402560 PMCID: PMC8984103 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.816847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by increased levels of blood glucose but is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous disease, especially its multiple discrete cardiovascular phenotypes. Genetic variations play key roles in the heterogeneity of diabetic cardiovascular phenotypes. This study investigates possible associations of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) variants with cardiovascular phenotypes among the Chinese patients with T2D. Six hundred thirty-six patients with T2D and 634 non-diabetic individuals were analyzed in the study. Nine KATP variants were determined by MassARRAY. The KATP rs2285676 (AA + GA, OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.13–1.81, P = 0.003), rs1799858 (CC, OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.12–1.78, P = 0.004), and rs141294036 (CC, OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15–1.83, P = 0.002) are associated with increased T2D risk. A follow-up of at least 45.8-months (median) indicates further association between the 3 variants and risks of diabetic-related cardiovascular conditions. The associations are categorized as follows: new-onset/recurrent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (rs2285676/AA + GA, HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.10–1.70, P = 0.005; rs141294036/TT + CT, HR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.28–1.99, P < 0.001), new-onset stroke (rs1799858/CC, HR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.22–5.43, P = 0.013; rs141294036/CC, HR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.16–4.55, P = 0.017), new-onset of heart failure (HF) (rs1799858/TT + CT, HR = 2.78, 95% CI: 2.07–3.74, P < 0.001; rs141294036/TT + CT, HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.07–1.96, P = 0.015), and new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) (rs1799858/TT + CT, HR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.25–3.37, P = 0.004; rs141294036/CC, HR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.40–3.82, P = 0.001). In particular, the CC genotype of rs1799858 (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.11–5.10, P = 0.025) and rs141294036 (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.04–3.66, P = 0.037) are only associated with the risk of ischemic stroke while its counterpart genotype (TT + CT) is associated with the risks of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) (rs1799858, OR = 3.46, 95% CI: 2.31–5.18, P < 0.001) and HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) (rs141294036, OR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.05–7.15, P = 0.039). Furthermore, the 3 variants are associated with increased risks of abnormal serum levels of triglyceride (TIRG) (≥ 1.70 mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (≥ 1.40 mmol/L), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (≥ 80 mg/dL), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) level (< 120 mg/dL), lipoprotein(a) Lp(a) (≥ 300 mg/dL) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP) (≥ 3.0 mg/L) but exhibited heterogeneity (all P < 0.05). The KATP rs2285676, rs1799858, and rs141294036 are associated with increased risks of T2D and its related cardiovascular phenotypes (ACS, stroke, HF, and AF), but show heterogeneity. The 3 KATP variants may be promising markers for diabetic cardiovascular events favoring “genotype-phenotype” oriented prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Cheng Liu,
| | - Yanxian Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianwang Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfang Zhan
- Department of Health Management Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxian Pei
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daihong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songsong Ying
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Diab A, Valenzuela Ripoll C, Guo Z, Javaheri A. HDL Composition, Heart Failure, and Its Comorbidities. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:846990. [PMID: 35350538 PMCID: PMC8958020 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.846990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although research on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has historically focused on atherosclerotic coronary disease, there exists untapped potential of HDL biology for the treatment of heart failure. Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and endothelial protective properties of HDL could impact heart failure pathogenesis. HDL-associated proteins such as apolipoprotein A-I and M may have significant therapeutic effects on the myocardium, in part by modulating signal transduction pathways and sphingosine-1-phosphate biology. Furthermore, because heart failure is a complex syndrome characterized by multiple comorbidities, there are complex interactions between heart failure, its comorbidities, and lipoprotein homeostatic mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss the effects of heart failure and associated comorbidities on HDL, explore potential cardioprotective properties of HDL, and review novel HDL therapeutic targets in heart failure.
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11
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Miyagi C, Miyamoto T, Kuroda T, Karimov JH, Starling RC, Fukamachi K. Large animal models of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:595-608. [PMID: 34751846 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterized by diastolic dysfunction and multiple comorbidities. The number of patients is continuously increasing, with no improvement in its unfavorable prognosis, and there is a strong need for novel treatments. New devices and drugs are difficult to assess at the translational preclinical step due to the lack of high-fidelity large animal models of HFpEF. In this review, we describe the summary of historical and evolving techniques for developing large animal models. The representative methods are pressure overload models, including (1) aortic banding, (2) aortic stent, (3) renal hypertension, and (4) mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension. Diet-induced metabolic syndromes are also used. A new technique with an inflatable balloon inside the left ventricle can be used during acute/chronic in vivo surgeries to simulate HFpEF-like hemodynamics for pump-based therapies. Canines and porcine are most widely used, but other non-rodent animals (sheep, non-human primates, felines, or calves) have been used. Feline models present the most well-simulated HFpEF pathology, but small size is a concern, and the information is still very limited. The rapid and reliable establishment of large animal models for HFpEF, and novel methodology based on the past experimental attempts with large animals, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Miyagi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Takuma Miyamoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Taiyo Kuroda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jamshid H Karimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Randall C Starling
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Miller Family Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Kaufman Center for Heart Failure Treatment and Recovery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kiyotaka Fukamachi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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De Geest B, Mishra M. Role of high-density lipoproteins in cardioprotection and in reverse remodeling: Therapeutic implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159022. [PMID: 34333125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardioprotection includes all mechanisms that contribute to preservation of the heart by reducing or even preventing myocardial damage. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are circulating multimolecular platforms that exert a multitude of effects on cardiomyocytes and nonmyocyte cells in the myocardium leading to preservation of cardiac structure and function. Animal intervention studies applying HDL-targeted therapies have provided consistent evidence that HDLs protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury, leading to smaller myocardial infarctions, and that HDLs attenuate infarct expansion and cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction. These beneficial effects of HDLs are not restricted to prevention of development of ischemic cardiomyopathy but also apply to prevention of pathological hypertrophy and adverse remodeling in the presence of diabetes or in the presence of pressure overload. Moreover, HDLs can induce reverse remodeling characterized by a reduction of cardiac hypertrophy, a decrease of myocardial fibrosis, a regression of capillary rarefaction, and a restoration of cardiac function. HDL-targeted interventions are an effective treatment for heart failure in animal models. In conclusion, whereas protective effects of HDLs on coronary arteries remain essentially unproven till now, the potential for clinical translation of HDL-targeted interventions in prevention of cardiomyopathy and in treatment of heart failure is supported by consistent evidence from animal intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart De Geest
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mudit Mishra
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Trakaki A, Marsche G. Current Understanding of the Immunomodulatory Activities of High-Density Lipoproteins. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060587. [PMID: 34064071 PMCID: PMC8224331 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins interact with immune cells, macrophages and endothelial cells - key players of the innate and adaptive immune system. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles seem to have evolved as part of the innate immune system since certain HDL subspecies contain combinations of apolipoproteins with immune regulatory functions. HDL is enriched in anti-inflammatory lipids, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate and certain saturated lysophospholipids. HDL reduces inflammation and protects against infection by modulating immune cell function, vasodilation and endothelial barrier function. HDL suppresses immune cell activation at least in part by modulating the cholesterol content in cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich membrane domains (lipid rafts), which play a critical role in the compartmentalization of signaling pathways. Acute infections, inflammation or autoimmune diseases lower HDL cholesterol levels and significantly alter HDL metabolism, composition and function. Such alterations could have a major impact on disease progression and may affect the risk for infections and cardiovascular disease. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the immune cell modulatory activities of HDL. We focus on newly discovered activities of HDL-associated apolipoproteins, enzymes, lipids, and HDL mimetic peptides.
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High-Density Lipoprotein-Targeted Therapies for Heart Failure. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120620. [PMID: 33339429 PMCID: PMC7767106 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The main and common constituents of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are apolipoprotein A-I, cholesterol, and phospholipids. Biochemical heterogeneity of HDL particles is based on the variable presence of one or more representatives of at least 180 proteins, 200 lipid species, and 20 micro RNAs. HDLs are circulating multimolecular platforms that perform divergent functions whereby the potential of HDL-targeted interventions for treatment of heart failure can be postulated based on its pleiotropic effects. Several murine studies have shown that HDLs exert effects on the myocardium, which are completely independent of any impact on coronary arteries. Overall, HDL-targeted therapies exert a direct positive lusitropic effect on the myocardium, inhibit the development of cardiac hypertrophy, suppress interstitial and perivascular myocardial fibrosis, increase capillary density in the myocardium, and prevent the occurrence of heart failure. In four distinct murine models, HDL-targeted interventions were shown to be a successful treatment for both pre-existing heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and pre-existing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF). Until now, the effect of HDL-targeted interventions has not been evaluated in randomized clinical trials in heart failure patients. As HFpEF represents an important unmet therapeutic need, this is likely the preferred therapeutic domain for clinical translation.
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