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Wu Z, Wang C, Li C, Xu N, Cao X, Chen S, Shi Y, He Y, Zhang P, Ji J. Integrated Computational Pipeline for the High-Throughput Discovery of Cell Adhesion Peptides. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3748-3756. [PMID: 38551401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Cell adhesion peptides (CAPs) often play a critical role in tissue engineering research. However, the discovery of novel CAPs for diverse applications remains a challenging and time-intensive process. This study presents an efficient computational pipeline integrating sequence embeddings, binding predictors, and molecular dynamics simulations to expedite the discovery of new CAPs. A Pro2vec model, trained on vast CAP data sets, was built to identify RGD-similar tripeptide candidates. These candidates were further evaluated for their binding affinity with integrin receptors using the Mutabind2 machine learning model. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations were applied to model receptor-peptide interactions and calculate their binding free energies, providing a quantitative assessment of the binding strength for further screening. The resulting peptide demonstrated performance comparable to that of RGD in endothelial cell adhesion and spreading experimental assays, validating the efficacy of the integrated computational pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Wu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Cong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Nan Xu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Xiaoyong Cao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Shengfu Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yao Shi
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi He
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Peng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Qidi Road 456, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Qidi Road 456, Hangzhou 310058, China
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2
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Britton D, Christians LF, Liu C, Legocki J, Xiao Y, Meleties M, Yang L, Cammer M, Jia S, Zhang Z, Mahmoudinobar F, Kowalski Z, Renfrew PD, Bonneau R, Pochan DJ, Pak AJ, Montclare JK. Computational Prediction of Coiled-Coil Protein Gelation Dynamics and Structure. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:258-271. [PMID: 38110299 PMCID: PMC10777397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein hydrogels represent an important and growing biomaterial for a multitude of applications, including diagnostics and drug delivery. We have previously explored the ability to engineer the thermoresponsive supramolecular assembly of coiled-coil proteins into hydrogels with varying gelation properties, where we have defined important parameters in the coiled-coil hydrogel design. Using Rosetta energy scores and Poisson-Boltzmann electrostatic energies, we iterate a computational design strategy to predict the gelation of coiled-coil proteins while simultaneously exploring five new coiled-coil protein hydrogel sequences. Provided this library, we explore the impact of in silico energies on structure and gelation kinetics, where we also reveal a range of blue autofluorescence that enables hydrogel disassembly and recovery. As a result of this library, we identify the new coiled-coil hydrogel sequence, Q5, capable of gelation within 24 h at 4 °C, a more than 2-fold increase over that of our previous iteration Q2. The fast gelation time of Q5 enables the assessment of structural transition in real time using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) that is correlated to coarse-grained and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations revealing the supramolecular assembling behavior of coiled-coils toward nanofiber assembly and gelation. This work represents the first system of hydrogels with predictable self-assembly, autofluorescent capability, and a molecular model of coiled-coil fiber formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Britton
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Luc F. Christians
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Chengliang Liu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Jakub Legocki
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Yingxin Xiao
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Michael Meleties
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Lin Yang
- National
Synchrotron Light Source-II, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Michael Cammer
- Microscopy
Laboratory, New York University Langone
Health, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Sihan Jia
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Farbod Mahmoudinobar
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
- Center for
Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Zuzanna Kowalski
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - P. Douglas Renfrew
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Richard Bonneau
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
- Center
for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York
University, New York, New York 10003, United States
- Courant
Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Computer Science Department, New York University, New York, New York 10009, United States
| | - Darrin J. Pochan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Alexander J. Pak
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Quantitative
Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School
of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jin Kim Montclare
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10012, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New
York University, New York, New York 11201, United States
- Bernard
and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department
of Radiology, New York University School
of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University
College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010, United States
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3
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Zhang X, Li J, Ma C, Zhang H, Liu K. Biomimetic Structural Proteins: Modular Assembly and High Mechanical Performance. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2664-2675. [PMID: 37738227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Protein-based biomaterials attract growing interests due to their encoded and programmable robust mechanical properties, superelasticity, plasticity, shape adaptability, excellent interfacial behavior, etc., derived from sequence-guided backbone structures, particularly compared to chemically synthetic counterparts in materials science and biomedical engineering. For example, protein materials have been successfully fabricated as (1) artificial implants (man-made tendons, cartilages, or dental tissues), due to programmable chemistry and biocompatibility; (2) smart biodevices with temperature/light-response and self-healing effects; and (3) impact resistance materials having great mechanical performance due to biomimetics. However, the existing method of regenerating protein materials from natural sources has two critical issues, low yield and structural damage, making it unable to meet demands. Therefore, it is crucial to develop an alternative strategy for fabricating protein materials. Heterologous expression of natural proteins with a modular assembly approach is an effective strategy for material preparation. Standardized, easy-to-assemble protein modules with specific structures and functions are developed through experimental and computational tools based on natural functional protein sequences. Through recombination and heterologous expression, these artificial protein modules become keys to material fabrication. Undergoing an assembly process similar to supramolecular self-assembly of proteins in cells, biomimetic modules can be fabricated for formation of macroscopic materials such as fibers and adhesives. This strategy inspired by synthetic biology and supramolecular chemistry is important for improving target protein yields and assembly integrity. It also preserves and optimizes the mechanical functions of structural proteins, accelerating the design and fabrication of artificial protein materials.In this Account, we overview recent studies on fabricating biomimetic protein materials to elucidate the concept of modular assembly. We discuss the design of biomimetic structural proteins at the molecular level, providing a wealth of details determining the bulk properties of materials. Additinally, we describe the modular self-assembly and assembly driven by inducing molecules, and mechanical properties and applications of resulting fibers. We used these strategies to develop fiber materials with high tensile strength, high toughness, and properties such as anti-icing and high-temperature resistance. We also extended this approach to design protein-based adhesives with ultra-strong adhesion, biocompatibility, and biodegradability for surgical applications such as wound sealing and healing. Other protein materials, including films and hydrogels, have been developed through chemical assembly routes. Finally, we describe exploiting synthetic biology and chemistry to overcome bottlenecks in structural protein modular design, biosynthesis, and material assembly and our perspectives for future development in structural biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Xiangfu Laboratory, Building 5, No.828 Zhongxing Road, Xitang Town, Jiashan, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314102, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Xiangfu Laboratory, Building 5, No.828 Zhongxing Road, Xitang Town, Jiashan, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314102, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Xiangfu Laboratory, Building 5, No.828 Zhongxing Road, Xitang Town, Jiashan, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314102, China
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4
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Lin M, Hu Y, An H, Guo T, Gao Y, Peng K, Zhao M, Zhang X, Zhou H. Silk fibroin-based biomaterials for disc tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:749-776. [PMID: 36537344 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01343f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Low back pain is the major cause of disability worldwide, and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the most important causes of low back pain. Currently, there is no method to treat IVDD that can reverse or regenerate intervertebral disc (IVD) tissue, but the recent development of disc tissue engineering (DTE) offers a new means of addressing these disadvantages. Among numerous biomaterials for tissue engineering, silk fibroin (SF) is widely used due to its easy availability and excellent physical/chemical properties. SF is usually used in combination with other materials to construct biological scaffolds or bioactive substance delivery systems, or it can be used alone. The present article first briefly outlines the anatomical and physiological features of IVD, the associated etiology and current treatment modalities of IVDD, and the current status of DTE. Then, it highlights the characteristics of SF biomaterials and their latest research advances in DTE and discusses the prospects and challenges in the application of SF in DTE, with a view to facilitating the clinical process of developing interventions related to IVD-derived low back pain caused by IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoqiang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yicun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Haiying An
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Taowen Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yanbing Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Kaichen Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Meiling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Haiyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
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5
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Jalilinejad N, Rabiee M, Baheiraei N, Ghahremanzadeh R, Salarian R, Rabiee N, Akhavan O, Zarrintaj P, Hejna A, Saeb MR, Zarrabi A, Sharifi E, Yousefiasl S, Zare EN. Electrically conductive carbon-based (bio)-nanomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10347. [PMID: 36684103 PMCID: PMC9842069 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A proper self-regenerating capability is lacking in human cardiac tissue which along with the alarming rate of deaths associated with cardiovascular disorders makes tissue engineering critical. Novel approaches are now being investigated in order to speedily overcome the challenges in this path. Tissue engineering has been revolutionized by the advent of nanomaterials, and later by the application of carbon-based nanomaterials because of their exceptional variable functionality, conductivity, and mechanical properties. Electrically conductive biomaterials used as cell bearers provide the tissue with an appropriate microenvironment for the specific seeded cells as substrates for the sake of protecting cells in biological media against attacking mechanisms. Nevertheless, their advantages and shortcoming in view of cellular behavior, toxicity, and targeted delivery depend on the tissue in which they are implanted or being used as a scaffold. This review seeks to address, summarize, classify, conceptualize, and discuss the use of carbon-based nanoparticles in cardiac tissue engineering emphasizing their conductivity. We considered electrical conductivity as a key affecting the regeneration of cells. Correspondingly, we reviewed conductive polymers used in tissue engineering and specifically in cardiac repair as key biomaterials with high efficiency. We comprehensively classified and discussed the advantages of using conductive biomaterials in cardiac tissue engineering. An overall review of the open literature on electroactive substrates including carbon-based biomaterials over the last decade was provided, tabulated, and thoroughly discussed. The most commonly used conductive substrates comprising graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers in cardiac repair were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Jalilinejad
- Biomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical EngineeringAmirkabir University of TechnologyTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical EngineeringAmirkabir University of TechnologyTehranIran
| | - Nafiseh Baheiraei
- Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Division, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | | | - Reza Salarian
- Biomedical Engineering DepartmentMaziar UniversityRoyanMazandaranIran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of PhysicsSharif University of TechnologyTehranIran
- School of EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam‐ro, Nam‐guPohangGyeongbukSouth Korea
| | - Omid Akhavan
- Department of PhysicsSharif University of TechnologyTehranIran
| | - Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical EngineeringOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - Aleksander Hejna
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of ChemistryGdańsk University of TechnologyGdańskPoland
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of ChemistryGdańsk University of TechnologyGdańskPoland
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesIstinye UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and TechnologiesHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Satar Yousefiasl
- School of DentistryHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
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6
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Trossmann VT, Scheibel T. Design of Recombinant Spider Silk Proteins for Cell Type Specific Binding. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 12:e2202660. [PMID: 36565209 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytophilic (cell-adhesive) materials are very important for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, for engineering hierarchically organized tissue structures comprising different cell types, cell-specific attachment and guidance are decisive. In this context, materials made of recombinant spider silk proteins are promising scaffolds, since they exhibit high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the underlying proteins can be genetically functionalized. Here, previously established spider silk variants based on the engineered Araneus diadematus fibroin 4 (eADF4(C16)) are genetically modified with cell adhesive peptide sequences from extracellular matrix proteins, including IKVAV, YIGSR, QHREDGS, and KGD. Interestingly, eADF4(C16)-KGD as one of 18 tested variants is cell-selective for C2C12 mouse myoblasts, one out of 11 tested cell lines. Co-culturing with B50 rat neuronal cells confirms the cell-specificity of eADF4(C16)-KGD material surfaces for C2C12 mouse myoblast adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Tanja Trossmann
- Chair of Biomaterials, Engineering Faculty, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Chair of Biomaterials, Engineering Faculty, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.,Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), Bayreuth Center for Material Science (BayMAT), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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7
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Bargel H, Trossmann VT, Sommer C, Scheibel T. Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:902-921. [PMID: 36127898 PMCID: PMC9475208 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion to material surfaces is crucial for almost all organisms regarding subsequent biological responses. Mammalian cell attachment to a surrounding biological matrix is essential for maintaining their survival and function concerning tissue formation. Conversely, the adhesion and presence of microbes interferes with important multicellular processes of tissue development. Therefore, tailoring bioselective, biologically active, and multifunctional materials for biomedical applications is a modern focus of biomaterial research. Engineering biomaterials that stimulate and interact with cell receptors to support binding and subsequent physiological responses of multicellular systems attracted much interest in the last years. Further to this, the increasing threat of multidrug resistance of pathogens against antibiotics to human health urgently requires new material concepts for preventing microbial infestation and biofilm formation. Thus, materials exhibiting microbial repellence or antimicrobial behaviour to reduce inflammation, while selectively enhancing regeneration in host tissues are of utmost interest. In this context, protein-based materials are interesting candidates due to their natural origin, biological activity, and structural properties. Silk materials, in particular those made of spider silk proteins and their recombinant counterparts, are characterized by extraordinary properties including excellent biocompatibility, slow biodegradation, low immunogenicity, and non-toxicity, making them ideally suited for tissue engineering and biomedical applications. Furthermore, recombinant production technologies allow for application-specific modification to develop adjustable, bioactive materials. The present review focusses on biological processes and surface interactions involved in the bioselective adhesion of mammalian cells and repellence of microbes on protein-based material surfaces. In addition, it highlights the importance of materials made of recombinant spider silk proteins, focussing on the progress regarding bioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Bargel
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Vanessa T Trossmann
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christoph Sommer
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center of Material Science and Engineering (BayMat), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center of Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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8
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Abstract
Vascular transplantation is an effective and common treatment for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the low biocompatibility of implants is a major problem that hinders its clinical application. Surface modification of implants with extracellular matrix (ECM) coatings is an effective approach to improve the biocompatibility of cardiovascular materials. The complete ECM seems to have better biocompatibility, which may give cardiovascular biomaterials a more functional surface. The use of one or several ECM proteins to construct a surface allows customization of coating composition and structure, possibly resulting in some unique functions. ECM is a complex three-dimensional structure composed of a variety of functional biological macromolecules, and changes in the composition will directly affect the function of the coating. Therefore, understanding the chemical composition of the ECM and its interaction with cells is beneficial to provide new approaches for coating surface modification. This article reviews novel ECM coatings, including coatings composed of intact ECM and biomimetic coatings tailored from several ECM proteins, and introduces new advances in coating fabrication. These ECM coatings are effective in improving the biocompatibility of vascular grafts.
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9
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Ghofrani A, Taghavi L, Khalilivavdareh B, Rohani Shirvan A, Nouri A. Additive manufacturing and advanced functionalities of cardiac patches: A review. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Yazawa K, Hidaka K, Negishi J. Cell Adhesion Behaviors on Spider Silk Fibers, Films, and Nanofibers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7766-7774. [PMID: 35687821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Silk-based materials have garnered attention for use as medical supplies due to their mechanical toughness and low cytotoxicity. Silkworm silk has been applied as surgical sutures for decades. In contrast, the utilization of spider silk is limited mainly because of its scarcity. Although the biomimicry of spider silk has been developed using recombinant protein expression systems with the use of genetic engineering, the product often results in lower molecular weight and a lack of the N- or C-terminal regions. The incomplete sequence of the spider silk-like protein prevents the objective evaluation of the native spider silk as a medical application and retards the development of spider silk-inspired materials. Here, we reeled the native spider silk directly from live spiders and investigated the cell adhesion behavior based on three kinds of surface topography of spider silk-based substrates, namely, fibers, films, and non-woven fabrics. The cell adhesion behavior was largely influenced by the surface micro/nanostructure rather than the wettability of the surface. This study will contribute to promote the utilization of spider silk in the medical field as a candidate for promising bio-based fibers in the context of sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Yazawa
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
- Division of Biological and Medical Fibers, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Institute for Fiber Engineering, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda City, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hidaka
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Jun Negishi
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
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11
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Diverse silk and silk-like proteins derived from terrestrial and marine organisms and their applications. Acta Biomater 2021; 136:56-71. [PMID: 34551332 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Organisms develop unique systems in a given environment. In the process of adaptation, they employ materials in a clever way, which has inspired mankind extensively. Understanding the behavior and material properties of living organisms provides a way to emulate these natural systems and engineer various materials. Silk is a material that has been with human for over 5000 years, and the success of mass production of silkworm silk has realized its applications to medical, pharmaceutical, optical, and even electronic fields. Spider silk, which was characterized later, has expanded the application sectors to textile and military materials based on its tough mechanical properties. Because silk proteins are main components of these materials and there are abundant creatures producing silks that have not been studied, the introduction of new silk proteins would be a breakthrough of engineering materials to open innovative industry fields. Therefore, in this review, we present diverse silk and silk-like proteins and how they are utilized with respect to organism's survival. Here, the range of organisms are not constrained to silkworms and spiders but expanded to other insects, and even marine creatures which produce silk-like proteins that are not observed in terrestrial silks. This viewpoint broadening of silk and silk-like proteins would suggest diverse targets of engineering to design promising silk-based materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Silk has been developed as a biomedical material due to unique mechanical and chemical properties. For decades, silks from various silkworm and spider species have been intensively studied. More recently, other silk and silk-like proteins with different sequences and structures have been reported, not only limited to terrestrial organisms (honeybee, green lacewing, caddisfly, and ant), but also from marine creatures (mussel, squid, sea anemone, and pearl oyster). Nevertheless, there has hardly been well-organized literature on silks from such organisms. Regarding the relationship among sequence-structure-properties, this review addresses how silks have been utilized with respect to organism's survival. Finally, this information aims to improve the understanding of diverse silk and silk-like proteins which can offer a significant interest to engineering fields.
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Bakhshandeh B, Nateghi SS, Gazani MM, Dehghani Z, Mohammadzadeh F. A review on advances in the applications of spider silk in biomedical issues. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:258-271. [PMID: 34627845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Spider silk, as one of the hardest natural and biocompatible substances with extraordinary strength and flexibility, have become an ideal option in various areas of science and have made their path onto the biomedical industry. Despite its growing popularity, the difficulties in the extraction of silks from spiders and farming them have made it unaffordable and almost impossible for industrial scale. Biotechnology helped production of spider silks recombinantly in different hosts and obtaining diverse morphologies out of them based on different processing and assembly procedures. Herein, the characteristics of these morphologies and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized. A detailed view about applications of recombinant silks in skin regeneration and cartilage, tendon, bone, teeth, cardiovascular, and neural tissues engineering are brought out, where there is a need for strong scaffolds to support cell growth. Likewise, spider silk proteins have applications as conduit constructs, medical sutures, and 3D printer bioinks. Other characteristics of spider silks, such as low immunogenicity, hydrophobicity, homogeneity, and adjustability, have attracted much attention in drug and gene delivery. Finally, the challenges and obstacles ahead for industrializing the production of spider silk proteins in sufficient quantities in biomedicine, along with solutions to overcome these barriers, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Saba Nateghi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Maddah Gazani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Dehghani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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Stern-Tal D, Ittah S, Sklan E. A new cell-sized support for 3D cell cultures based on recombinant spider silk fibers. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:1748-1757. [PMID: 34472404 PMCID: PMC8984929 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211037781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is now generally accepted that 2D cultures cannot accurately replicate the rich
environment and complex tissue architecture that exists in vivo, and that classically
cultured cells tend to lose their original function. Growth of spheroids as opposed to 2D
cultures on plastic has now been hailed as an efficient method to produce quantities of
high-quality cells for cancer research, drug discovery, neuroscience, and regenerative
medicine. We have developed a new recombinant protein that mimics dragline spidersilk and
that self-assembles into cell-sized coils. These have high thermal and shelf-life
stability and can be readily sterilized and stored for an extended period of time. The
fibers are flexible, elastic, and biocompatible and can serve as cell-sized scaffold for
the formation of 3D cell spheroids. As a proof of concept, recombinant spidersilk was
integrated as a scaffold in spheroids of three cell types: primary rat hepatocytes, human
mesenchymal stem cells, and mouse L929 cells. The scaffolds significantly reduced spheroid
shrinkage and unlike scaffold-free spheroids, spheroids did not disintegrate over the
course of long-term culture. Cells in recombinant spidersilk spheroids showed increased
viability, and the cell lines continued to proliferate for longer than control cultures
without spidersilk. The spidersilk also supported biological functions. Recombinant
spidersilk primary hepatocyte spheroids exhibited 2.7-fold higher levels of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) continued to express and secrete albumin and exhibited significantly
higher basal and induced CYP3A activity for at least 6 weeks in culture, while control
spheroids without fibers stopped producing albumin after 27 days and CPY3A activity was
barely detectable after 44 days. These results indicate that recombinant spidersilk can
serve as a useful tool for long-term cell culture of 3D cell spheroids and specifically
that primary hepatocytes can remain active in culture for an extended period of time which
could be of great use in toxicology testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shmulik Ittah
- 26742The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ella Sklan
- Seevix Material Sciences LTD, Jerusalem, Israel
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Steiner D, Winkler S, Heltmann-Meyer S, Trossmann VT, Fey T, Scheibel T, Horch RE, Arkudas A. Enhanced vascularization and de novotissue formation in hydrogels made of engineered RGD-tagged spider silk proteins in the arteriovenous loop model. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34157687 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac0d9b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to its low immunogenic potential and the possibility to fine-tune their properties, materials made of recombinant engineered spider silks are promising candidates for tissue engineering applications. However, vascularization of silk-based scaffolds is one critical step for the generation of bioartificial tissues and consequently for clinical application. To circumvent insufficient vascularization, the surgically induced angiogenesis by means of arteriovenous loops (AVL) represents a highly effective methodology. Here, previously established hydrogels consisting of nano-fibrillary recombinant eADF4(C16) were transferred into Teflon isolation chambers and vascularized in the rat AVL model over 4 weeks. To improve vascularization, also RGD-tagged eADF4(C16) hydrogels were implanted in the AVL model over 2 and 4 weeks. Thereafter, the specimen were explanted and analyzed using histology and microcomputed tomography. We were able to confirm biocompatibility and tissue formation over time. Functionalizing eADF4(C16) with RGD-motifs improved hydrogel stability and enhanced vascularization even outperforming other hydrogels, such as fibrin. This study demonstrates that the scaffold ultrastructure as well as biofunctionalization with RGD-motifs are powerful tools to optimize silk-based biomaterials for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Steiner
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sophie Winkler
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heltmann-Meyer
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vanessa T Trossmann
- Faculty of Engineering, Department for Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tobias Fey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Glass and Ceramics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Frontier Research Institute for Materials Science, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Faculty of Engineering, Department for Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.,Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.,Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.,Center for Material Science and Engineering (BayMAT), University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.,Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Deptuch T, Florczak A, Lewandowska A, Leporowska E, Penderecka K, Marszalek A, Mackiewicz A, Dams-Kozlowska H. MS1-type bioengineered spider silk nanoparticles do not exhibit toxicity in an in vivo mouse model. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1553-1565. [PMID: 34165326 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to factors such as silk sequence, purification, degradation, morphology and functionalization, each silk variant should be individually tested for potential toxicity. Aim: In vivo toxicological evaluation of the previously characterized bioengineered H2.1MS1 spider silk particles that can deliver chemotherapeutics to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer. Materials & methods: Silk nanoparticles (H2.1MS1 and control MS1) were administered intravenously to mice, and then the organismal response was assessed. Several parameters of acute and subchronic toxicity were analyzed, including animal mortality and behavior, nanosphere biodistribution, and histopathological analysis of internal organs. Also, the complete blood count, as well as the concentration of biochemical parameters and cytokines in the serum, were examined. Results & conclusion: No toxicity of the systemically administrated silk nanosphere was observed, indicating their potential application in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Deptuch
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Diagnostics & Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Florczak
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Diagnostics & Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Lewandowska
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Tumor Pathology & Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Leporowska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Penderecka
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Diagnostics & Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszalek
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Tumor Pathology & Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Diagnostics & Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Dams-Kozlowska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Diagnostics & Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
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Esser T, Trossmann V, Lentz S, Engel F, Scheibel T. Designing of spider silk proteins for human induced pluripotent stem cell-based cardiac tissue engineering. Mater Today Bio 2021; 11:100114. [PMID: 34169268 PMCID: PMC8209670 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials made of recombinant spider silk proteins are promising candidates for cardiac tissue engineering, and their suitability has so far been investigated utilizing primary rat cardiomyocytes. Herein, we expanded the tool box of available spider silk variants and demonstrated for the first time that human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes attach, contract, and respond to pharmacological treatment using phenylephrine and verapamil on explicit spider silk films. The hiPSC-cardiomyocytes contracted for at least 14 days on films made of positively charged engineered Araneus diadematus fibroin 4 (eADF4(κ16)) and three different arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD)-tagged spider silk variants (positively or negatively charged and uncharged). Notably, hiPSC-cardiomyocytes exhibited different morphologies depending on the spider silk variant used, with less spreading and being smaller on films made of eADF4(κ16) than on RGD-tagged spider silk films. These results indicate that spider silk engineering is a powerful tool to provide new materials suitable for hiPSC-based cardiac tissue engineering. hiPSC-cardiomyocytes attach and contract on positively charged and/or RGD-tagged spider silk variants. hiPSC-cardiomyocytes exhibit spider silk variant-dependent morphology upon adhesion. Explicit spider silk variants promote long-term contractility of hiPSC-cardiomyocytes. hiPSC-cardiomyocytes grown on spider silk materials respond to pharmacological treatment.
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Key Words
- AFM, atomic force microscopy
- APTES, (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane
- ATR, attenuated total reflection
- DPBS, Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline
- EthHD1, ethidium homodimer 1
- FT-IR, Fourier-transform infrared (spectroscopy)
- IPTG, isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside
- MALDI-TOF, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- eADF4, Engineered Araneus diadematus fibroin 4
- hiPSC, human-induced pluripotent stem cell
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Affiliation(s)
- T.U. Esser
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - V.T. Trossmann
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann Straße 1, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - S. Lentz
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann Straße 1, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - F.B. Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, 91054, Germany
- MURCE, Muscle Research Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Corresponding author. Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, 91054, Germany.
| | - T. Scheibel
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann Straße 1, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
- Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Bayerisches Polymerinstitut (BPI), Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (BZMB), Bayreuther Materialzentrum (BayMAT), Universitätsstraße 30, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, D-95447, Germany
- Corresponding author. Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann Straße 1, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany.
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17
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Liu Y, Huang W, Meng M, Chen M, Cao C. Progress in the application of spider silk protein in medicine. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:859-871. [PMID: 33853426 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211003850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spider silk protein has attracted much attention on account of its excellent mechanical properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. As the main protein component of spider silk, spidroin plays important role in spider spinning under natural circumstances and biomaterial application in medicine as well. Compare to the native spidroin which has a large molecular weight (>300 kDa) with highly repeat glycine and polyalanine regions, the recombinant spidroin was maintained the core amino motifs and much easier to collect. Here, we reviewed the application of recombinant spider silk protein eADF4(C16), major ampullate spidroin (MaSp), minor ampullate spidroin (MiSp), and the derivatives of recombinant spider silk protein in drug delivery system. Moreover, we also reviewed the application of spider silk protein in the field of alternative materials, repairing materials, wound dressing, surgical sutures along with advances in recombinant spider silk protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- 1Key Laboratories of Fine Chemicals and Surfactants in Sichuan Provincial Universities, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Wei Huang
- 1Key Laboratories of Fine Chemicals and Surfactants in Sichuan Provincial Universities, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Minsi Meng
- 1Key Laboratories of Fine Chemicals and Surfactants in Sichuan Provincial Universities, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Minhui Chen
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Chengjian Cao
- 3Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
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