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Aragão HHR, Monteiro MA, Lopes NVDA, Cunha JLS. Comment on "Betel-nut chewing does not influence PD-L1 expression rates in recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC): A prospective biomarker prevalence study". Oral Oncol 2024; 152:106788. [PMID: 38574564 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.106788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Lennon Silva Cunha
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande, Brazil.
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2
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Idel C, Fleckner J, Plötze-Martin K, Werner L, Rades D, Theodoraki MN, Hofmann L, Huber D, Leichtle A, Hoffmann TK, Bruchhage KL, Pries R. Partial recovery of peripheral blood monocyte subsets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients upon radio(chemo)therapy is associated with decreased plasma CXCL11. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:459. [PMID: 38609887 PMCID: PMC11015641 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a common and heterogeneous malignancy of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. Surgery and radio(chemo)therapy are the standard treatment options and also have great influence on the composition of the tumor microenvironment and immune cell functions. However, the impact of radio(chemo)therapy on the distribution and characteristics of circulating monocyte subsets in HNSCC are not fully understood. METHODS Expression patterns of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors CD11a (integrin-α L; LFA-1), CD11b (integrin-α M; Mac-1), CD11c (integrin-α X), CX3CR1 (CX3CL1 receptor) and checkpoint molecule PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand-1) were investigated upon radio(chemo)therapeutic treatment using flow cytometry. Furthermore, comprehensive analysis of plasma cytokines was performed before and after treatment using ELISA measurements. RESULTS Our data reveal a partial recovery of circulating monocytes in HNSCC patients upon radio(chemo)therapeutic treatment, with differential effects of the individual therapy regimen. PD-L1 expression on non-classical monocytes significantly correlates with the individual plasma levels of chemokine CXCL11 (C-X-C motif chemokine 11). CONCLUSIONS Further comprehensive investigations on larger patient cohorts are required to elucidate the meaningfulness of peripheral blood monocyte subsets and chemokine CXCL11 as potential bioliquid indicators in HNSCC with regard to therapy response and the individual immunological situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Idel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Jonas Fleckner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Kirstin Plötze-Martin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Lotte Werner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Dirk Rades
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Marie-Nicole Theodoraki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, 89075, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Hofmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, 89075, Germany
| | - Diana Huber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, 89075, Germany
| | - Anke Leichtle
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, 89075, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Bruchhage
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Ralph Pries
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany.
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Flores-Hidalgo A, Phero J, Steward-Tharp S, Williamson M, Paquette D, Krishnan D, Padilla R. Immunophenotypic and Gene Expression Analyses of the Inflammatory Microenvironment in High-Grade Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Lichen Planus. Head Neck Pathol 2024; 18:17. [PMID: 38456941 PMCID: PMC10923754 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-024-01624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) present diagnostic challenges due to clinical and histologic overlap. This study explores the immune microenvironment in OED, hypothesizing that immune signatures could aid in diagnostic differentiation and predict malignant transformation. METHODS Tissue samples from OED and OLP cases were analyzed using immunofluorescence/immunohistochemistry (IF/IHC) for CD4, CD8, CD163/STAT1, and PD-1/PDL-1 expression. RNA-sequencing was performed on the samples, and data was subjected to CIBERSORTx analysis for immune cell composition. Gene Ontology analysis on the immune differentially expressed genes was also conducted. RESULTS In OED, CD8 + T-cells infiltrated dysplastic epithelium, correlating with dysplasia severity. CD4 + lymphocytes increased in the basal layer. STAT1/CD163 + macrophages correlated with CD4 + intraepithelial distribution. PD-1/PDL-1 expression varied. IF/IHC analysis revealed differential immune cell composition between OED and OLP. RNA-sequencing identified upregulated genes associated with cytotoxic response and immunosurveillance in OED. Downregulated genes were linked to signaling, immune cell recruitment, and tumor suppression. CONCLUSIONS The immune microenvironment distinguishes OED and OLP, suggesting diagnostic potential. Upregulated genes indicate cytotoxic immune response in OED. Downregulation of TRADD, CX3CL1, and ILI24 implies dysregulation in TNFR1 signaling, immune recruitment, and tumor suppression. This study contributes to the foundation for understanding immune interactions in OED and OLP, offering insights into future objective diagnostic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Flores-Hidalgo
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - James Phero
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Scott Steward-Tharp
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Megumi Williamson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, East Carolina University School of Dental Medicine, Greenville, USA
| | - David Paquette
- Department of Surgical Sciences, East Carolina University School of Dental Medicine, Greenville, USA
| | - Deepak Krishnan
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ricardo Padilla
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, USA
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4
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Yu M, Zhang S, Ma Z, Qiang J, Wei J, Sun L, Kocher TD, Wang D, Tao W. Disruption of Zar1 leads to arrested oogenesis by regulating polyadenylation via Cpeb1 in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129632. [PMID: 38253139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Oogenesis is a complex process regulated by precise coordination of multiple factors, including maternal genes. Zygote arrest 1 (zar1) has been identified as an ovary-specific maternal gene that is vital for oocyte-to-embryo transition and oogenesis in mouse and zebrafish. However, its function in other species remains to be elucidated. In the present study, zar1 was identified with conserved C-terminal zinc finger domains in Nile tilapia. zar1 was highly expressed in the ovary and specifically expressed in phase I and II oocytes. Disruption of zar1 led to the failed transition from oogonia to phase I oocytes, with somatic cell apoptosis. Down-regulation and failed polyadenylation of figla, gdf9, bmp15 and wee2 mRNAs were observed in the ovaries of zar1-/- fish. Cpeb1, a gene essential for polyadenylation that interacts with Zar1, was down-regulated in zar1-/- fish. Moreover, decreased levels of serum estrogen and increased levels of androgen were observed in zar1-/- fish. Taken together, zar1 seems to be essential for tilapia oogenesis by regulating polyadenylation and estrogen synthesis. Our study shows that Zar1 has different molecular functions during gonadal development by the similar signaling pathway in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhisheng Ma
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Thomas D Kocher
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Deshou Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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5
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Todoroki K, Abe Y, Matsuo K, Nomura H, Kawahara A, Nakamura Y, Nakamura M, Seki N, Kusukawa J. Prognostic effect of programmed cell death ligand 1/programmed cell death 1 expression in cancer stem cells of human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:79. [PMID: 38249811 PMCID: PMC10797318 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between cancer stem cells (CSCs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to clarify the association between the CD44v3high/CD24low immunophenotype of CSCs in OSCC and PD-L1/PD-1 co-expression, and to assess the prognostic effect of CSCs in terms of immune checkpoint molecules. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples and clinicopathological data from 168 patients with OSCC were retrospectively retrieved. Immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction were applied to a tissue microarray of the invasive front of each case. Semi-automated cell counting was used to assess CD44v3, CD24, PD-L1 and PD-1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a digital image analysis program. Associations between immunological markers and clinicopathological variables were estimated. Patients with the CSC immunophenotype CD44v3high/CD24low, and patients with a high PD-L1/PD-1-positive cell density in the tumor parenchyma and stroma had significantly lower survival rates. Furthermore, patients with the CSC immunophenotype (CD44v3high/CD24low) and high PD-L1/PD-1 co-expression had even lower survival rates (P<0.01, log-rank test). Notably, there was a positive correlation between CD44v3 and PD-L1 expression (τ=0.1096, P=0.0366, Kendall rank correlation coefficient) and a negative correlation between CD24 and PD-1 expression (τ=-0.1387, P=0.0089, Kendall rank correlation coefficient). Additionally, the high CD44v3 expression group, as determined by IHC, exhibited significantly decreased expression of U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1 (U2AF1) at the mRNA level compared with that in the low CD44v3 expression group (P<0.001, Mann-Whitney U test), and U2AF1 and PD-L1 mRNA expression exhibited a significant negative correlation (τ=-0.3948, P<0.001, Kendall rank correlation coefficient). In conclusion, CSCs in OSCC may evade host immune mechanisms and maintain CSC stemness via PD-L1/PD-1 co-expression, resulting in unfavorable clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Todoroki
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
- Department of Dental and Oral Surgery, Takagi Hospital, Kouhoukai Medical Corporation, Okawa, Fukuoka 831-0016, Japan
| | - Yushi Abe
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
- Department of Dental and Oral Surgery, Takagi Hospital, Kouhoukai Medical Corporation, Okawa, Fukuoka 831-0016, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Matsuo
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
- Department of Dental and Oral Surgery, Takagi Hospital, Kouhoukai Medical Corporation, Okawa, Fukuoka 831-0016, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nomura
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kawahara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakamura
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Oita Saiseikai Hita Hospital, Hita, Oita 877-1292, Japan
| | - Moriyoshi Nakamura
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Naoko Seki
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Jingo Kusukawa
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
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Kumar P, Gupta S, Das BC. Saliva as a potential non-invasive liquid biopsy for early and easy diagnosis/prognosis of head and neck cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 40:101827. [PMID: 38042138 PMCID: PMC10701368 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are the most devastating diseases in India and southeast Asia. It is a preventable and curable disease if detected early. Tobacco and alcohol consumption are the two major risk-factors but infection of high-risk HPVs are also associated with development of predominantly oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas. Interestingly, unlike cervical cancer, HPV-induced HNSCCs show good prognosis and better survival in contrast, majority of tobacco-associated HPV-ve HNSCCs are highly aggressive with poor clinical outcome. Biomarker analysis in circulatory body-fluids for early cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring are becoming important in clinical practice. Early diagnosis using non-invasive saliva for oral or other diseases plays an important role in successful treatment and better prognosis. Saliva mirrors the body's state of health as it comes into direct contact with oral lesions and needs no trained manpower to collect, making it a suitable bio-fluid of choice for screening. Saliva can be used to detect not only virus, bacteria and other biomarkers but variety of molecular and genetic markers for an early detection, treatment and monitoring cancer and other diseases. The performance of saliva-based diagnostics are reported to be highly (≥95 %) sensitive and specific indicating the test's ability to correctly identify true positive or negative cases. This review focuses on the potentials of saliva in the early detection of not only HPV or other pathogens but also identification of highly reliable gene mutations, oral-microbiomes, metabolites, salivary cytokines, non-coding RNAs and exosomal miRNAs. It also discusses the importance of saliva as a reliable, cost-effective and an easy alternative to invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Bhudev C Das
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India.
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Bele T, Turk T, Križaj I. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in cancer: Limitations and prospects. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166875. [PMID: 37673358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have long been considered to solely mediate neurotransmission. However, their widespread distribution in the human body suggests a more diverse physiological role. Additionally, the expression of nAChRs is increased in certain cancers, such as lung cancer, and has been associated with cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell transition, angiogenesis and apoptosis prevention. Several compounds that interact with these receptors have been identified as potential therapeutic agents. They have been tested as drugs for treating nicotine addiction, alcoholism, depression, pain and Alzheimer's disease. This review focuses on nAChR-mediated signalling in cancer, presenting opportunities for the development of innovative nAChR-based anticancer drugs. It displays the differences in expression of each nAChR subunit between normal and cancer cells for selected cancer types, highlighting their possible involvement in specific cases. Antagonists of nAChRs that could complement existing cancer therapies are summarised and critically discussed. We hope that this review will stimulate further research on the role of nAChRs in cancer potentially leading to innovative cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bele
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - T Turk
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - I Križaj
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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8
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Pekarek L, Garrido-Gil MJ, Sánchez-Cendra A, Cassinello J, Pekarek T, Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, Lopez-Gonzalez L, Rios-Parra A, Álvarez-Mon M, Acero J, Diaz-Pedrero R, Ortega MA. Emerging histological and serological biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Applications in diagnosis, prognosis evaluation and personalized therapeutics (Review). Oncol Rep 2023; 50:213. [PMID: 37859591 PMCID: PMC10620846 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity and accounts for >90% of all oral cancers. Despite advances in diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions, overall survival has not improved significantly in recent decades, primarily due to late diagnosis, locoregional recurrence and treatment resistance. Identifying reliable biomarkers for early detection, prognosis evaluation and treatment response prediction is critical for improving clinical outcomes in patients with OSCC. In the present review, the prognostic and predictive utility of circulating biomarkers, such as circulating tumour cells, serological biomarkers and histological and genetic biomarkers, were explored in the context of OSCC. In addition, the potential role of immune checkpoints in the treatment of OSCC was highlighted and the rapidly evolving field of liquid biopsy and its potential to revolutionize diagnosis, prognosis evaluation and treatment were examined. The existing evidence for the clinical utility of these biomarkers was critically evaluated and the challenges and limitations associated with their introduction into routine clinical practice were addressed. In conclusion, the present review highlights the promising role of biomarkers in improving the current understanding of the pathogenesis of OSCC and offers potential avenues for improving patient care through personalized medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Maria J. Garrido-Gil
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | | | - Javier Cassinello
- Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Tatiana Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Lopez-Gonzalez
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Antonio Rios-Parra
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Pathology Department, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service and Internal Medicine, Network Biomedical Research Center in The Thematic Area of Liver Diseases (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Julio Acero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, University of Alcalá, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Diaz-Pedrero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
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Che Y, Zhang H, Li H, Wu X. CIP2A interacts with AKT1 to promote the malignant biological behaviors of oral squamous cell carcinoma by upregulating the GSK‑3β/β‑catenin pathway. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:514. [PMID: 37840566 PMCID: PMC10570767 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, which is associated with a poor prognosis. The present study aimed to investigate the role of cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) in OSCC and its regulatory effect on AKT1. Firstly, CIP2A and AKT1 expression in OSCC cells was detected by western blotting. After silencing CIP2A, cell viability and cell proliferation were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL staining and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was assessed using western blotting. Wound healing, Transwell and tube formation assays were performed to evaluate CAL-27 cell migration, invasion and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) tube formation. The interaction between CIP2A and AKT1 was identified by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP). In addition, AKT1 was overexpressed in CIP2A-silenced CAL-27 cells to perform rescue experiments to analyze the malignant biological functions of CAL-27 cells. Finally, the expression of proteins in the glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β/β-catenin pathway was determined by western blot analysis. Markedly elevated CIP2A and AKT1 expression was observed in OSCC cells. CIP2A knockdown inhibited the viability, proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted the apoptosis of CAL-27 cells. Concurrently, CIP2A loss-of-function attenuated tube formation. Results of Co-IP confirmed there was an interaction between CIP2A and AKT1. Rescue experiments suggested that AKT1 overexpression alleviated the inhibitory effects of CIP2A knockdown on the viability, proliferation, migration and invasion of CAL-27 cells, as well as tube formation in HUVECs . Additionally, CIP2A silencing significantly downregulated phosphorylated-GSK-3β and β-catenin expression, which was reversed by AKT1 overexpression. In conclusion, CIP2A could interact with AKT1 to promote the malignant biological behaviors of OSCC cells by upregulating the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. These findings may provide a targeted therapy for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Che
- Department of Stomatology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Stomatology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhen Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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Jha A, Alam M, Kashyap T, Nath N, Kumari A, Pramanik KK, Nagini S, Mishra R. Crosstalk between PD-L1 and Jak2-Stat3/ MAPK-AP1 signaling promotes oral cancer progression, invasion and therapy resistance. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110894. [PMID: 37678027 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1)is an antitumor immunity molecule and a great target to cure oral cancer; nonetheless, the limited success can be attributed to many complex pathways and tumor-related interferences. METHODS In the present study, 150 human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissue samples, including 17 adjacent normals, 56 primary tumors, 47 invasive tumors, and 30 therapy-resistant (RT) samples, were included. The parental/cisplatin-resistant (CisR-SCC4/9) cells were utilized for overexpression (Jak1-3 wild type and catalytically inactive), knockdown (PD-L1 siRNA), targeting MAPK/PI3K/Jak-Stat pathways (SMIs) and checking microsomes. The expression of PD-L1, transcription factors (TFs), signaling pathways, survival/apoptosis, therapy resistance, and invasiveness-related molecules/their activity were determined by RT-PCR, Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, Gelatin Zymography, and MTT assay. RESULTS Advanced OSCC tumors (invasive and drug-resistance), CisR-SCC4/9 cells, and secretory exosomes (CisR-SCC4/9) were found with increased PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 mRNA/protein showed a positive correlation with different TFs (AP1 > Stat3 > c-myc > NFκB) in tumor samples. The PD-L1 expression was more influenced by Jak-Stat/ MAPK-AP1 pathways over PI3K. The ectopic expression of Jak1-3 suggests Jak2 inducted PD-L1 level over Jak1/Jak3. Finally, PD-L1 directly supports survival (Bcl-xL, Bax, cleaved caspase-3), invasion (MMP2/9), and drug-resistance (ALDH-1A1/-3A1) program in OSCC through its link with several molecules. CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 was regulated mainly by the Jak2-Stat3/ MAPK-AP1 pathway, and besides the routine immunological functions, it supports OSCC survival, invasion, and therapy resistance. PD-L1 can be used as an indicator of severity and can be targeted along with Jak2-Stat3/ MAPK-AP1 for a better outcome OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Jha
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Manzar Alam
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Tanushree Kashyap
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Nidhi Nath
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Anjali Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Kamdeo K Pramanik
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajakishore Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India.
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Elnaggar M, Chaisuparat R, Ghita I, Bentzen SM, Dyalram D, Ord RA, Lubek JE, Younis RH. Immuno-oncologic signature of malignant transformation in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2023; 136:612-622. [PMID: 37739913 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to identify the immuno-oncologic (IO) signature at the surgical tumor margin (TM) of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) that is involved in the process of malignant transformation. STUDY DESIGN Under institutional review board approval, TM of 73 OSCC were investigated using immunohistochemistry for the immune biomarker, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1). NanoString 770 IO-focused gene set was analyzed in 5 pairs of TM and invasive tumor (T). PD-L1 regulation in response to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) was investigated in an oral potentially malignant cell line (OPMC). RESULTS Programmed death ligand-1 expression in the epithelial margin directly correlated with its expression in the underlying immune cells (P = .0082). Differential gene expression showed downregulation of PD-L1 and IFN-γ 6 gene signature in the TM relative to T pair.CD8 and macrophages were higher in TM. CNTFR, LYZ, C7, RORC, and FGF13 downregulation in T relative to TM. TDO2, ADAM12, MMP1, LAMC2, MB21D1, TYMP, OASL, COL5A1, exhausted_CD8, Tregs,and NK_CD56dim were upregulated in T relative to TM. Finally, IFN-γ induced upregulation of PD-L1 in the OPMC. CONCLUSIONS Our work suggests a role for IFN-γ in PD-L1 upregulation in OPMC and presents novel IO transcriptional signatures for frankly invasive OSCC relative to TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Elnaggar
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab Academy for Science and Technology, El Alamein, Egypt
| | - Risa Chaisuparat
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ioana Ghita
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Soren M Bentzen
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Biostatistics Core, Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Biostatistics Division, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donita Dyalram
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA; Head and Neck Surgery Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Ord
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA; Head and Neck Surgery Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua E Lubek
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA; Head and Neck Surgery Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rania H Younis
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Division of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, UMB, Maryland, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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12
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Liu Y, Long H, Zhong X, Yan L, Yang L, Zhang Y, Lou F, Luo S, Jin X. Comprehensive analysis of m6A modifications in oral squamous cell carcinoma by MeRIP sequencing. Genes Genet Syst 2023; 98:191-200. [PMID: 37813646 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.22-00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications are the most abundant internal modifications of mRNA and have a significant role in various cancers; however, the m6A methylome profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the mRNA-wide remains unknown. In this study, we examined the relationship between m6A and OSCC. Four pairs of OSCC and adjacent normal tissues were compared by Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq). Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) analyses were used to further analyze the MeRIP-seq data. A total of 2,348 different m6A peaks were identified in the OSCC group, including 85 m6A upregulated peaks and 2,263 m6A downregulated peaks. Differentially methylated m6A binding sites were enriched in the coding sequence in proximity to the stop codon of both groups. KEGG analysis revealed genes with upregulated m6A-modified sites in the OSCC group, which were prominently associated with the forkhead box O (FOXO) signaling pathway. Genes containing downregulated m6A-modified sites were significantly correlated with the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, spliceosome, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and endocytosis. IPA analysis indicated that several genes with differential methylation peaks form networks with m6A regulators. Overall, this study established the mRNA-wide m6A map for human OSCC and indicated the potential links between OSCC and N6-methyladenosine modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences
| | - Huiqing Long
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Li Yan
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Lu Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences
| | - Fangzhi Lou
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences
| | - Shihong Luo
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences
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13
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Rebaudi F, De Rosa A, Greppi M, Pistilli R, Pucci R, Govoni FA, Iacoviello P, Broccolo F, Tomasello G, Pesce S, Laganà F, Bianchi B, Di Gaudio F, Rebaudi A, Marcenaro E. A new method for oral cancer biomarkers detection with a non-invasive cyto-salivary sampling and rapid-highly sensitive ELISA immunoassay: a pilot study in humans. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1216107. [PMID: 37483588 PMCID: PMC10358763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for approximately 90% of oral malignancies and has a 5-year mortality rate close to 50%. A consistent part (70%) of all oral cancers is diagnosed at an advanced stage since available screening techniques are ineffective. Therefore, it would be urgent to improve them. The diagnostic gold standard is tissue biopsy with histological and immunohistochemical assessment. This method presents some limitations. Biopsy is invasive and the histopathological evaluation is semi-quantitative, and the absolute abundance of the target cannot be reliably determined. In addition, tissue is highly processed and may lead to loss of information of the natural state. The search for classical and new clinical biomarkers on fragments of tissue/cells collected with a cytobrush is a highly hopeful technique for early detection and diagnosis of OSCC, because of its non-invasive sampling and easy collection method. Methods Here we analyzed cytobrush biopsies samples collected from the oral cavity of 15 patients with already diagnosed OSCC by applying an innovative high-sensitivity ELISA technique, in order to verify if this approach may provide useful information for detection, diagnosis, and prognosis of OSCC. To this end, we selected six biomarkers, already used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of OSCC (EGFR, Ki67, p53) or selected based on recent scientific and clinical data which indicate their presence or over-expression in cells undergoing transformation and their role as possible molecular targets in immunecheckpoints blockade therapies (PD-L1, HLA-E, B7-H6). Results The selected tumor biomarkers were highly expressed in the tumor core, while were virtually negative in healthy tissue collected from the same patients. These differences were highly statistically significant and consistent with those obtained using the gold standard test clearly indicating that the proposed approach, i.e. analysis of biomarkers by a custom ELISA technique, is strongly reliable. Discussion These preliminary data suggest that this non-invasive rapid phenotyping technique could be useful as a screening tool for phenotyping oral lesions and support clinical practice by precise indications on the characteristics of the lesion, also with a view to the application of new anti-tumor treatments, such as immunotherapy, aimed at OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Rebaudi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Rosa
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Greppi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Pistilli
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | - Resi Pucci
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Iacoviello
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Broccolo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Pesce
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Laganà
- IRCCS Ospedale San Martino, Unità Operativa Complessa di Chirurgia Maxillofacciale e Odontoiatra, Genova, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bianchi
- IRCCS Ospedale San Martino, Unità Operativa Complessa di Chirurgia Maxillofacciale e Odontoiatra, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Gaudio
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, CQRC (Quality Control and Chemical Risk) Hospital Company, Hospitals Reunited Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Rebaudi
- Private Practice, President of Bio.C.R.A. (Biomaterials Clinical-Histological Research Association), Genova, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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14
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Akkaloori A, Saikia J, Kuppusamy A, Rana K, Dashatwar PD, Behura SS. Comparison of the IHC Markers CD138 and CD43 in Oral Leukoplakia: An Original Research. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2023; 15:S209-S212. [PMID: 37654342 PMCID: PMC10466614 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_454_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the clinical practice, one of the most common suspicious lesions that may be potentially malignant is oral leukoplakia. Globally, the rate at which it turns malignant varies. This study examines the levels of markers CD138 and 43 in oral leukoplakia. Materials and Methods Twenty archival blocks of confirmed epithelial dysplasia were taken from the Department of Oral Pathology. These were processed for the identification of markers CD138 and 43 through Immuno Histo Chemistry (IHC). The blocks were divided equally for both the markers. Results There was a noticeable difference in staining intensity between dysplastic tissue and nondysplastic epithelium. However, CD138 expression was low or weak in dysplastic epithelium. CD43 expression was negative in all nonhematopoietic tissues. Conclusion Genes that are cancer associated have been found to have incredibly different impacts in numerous tissues during the multistep process of oral carcinogenesis. In tissues undergoing dysplastic changes, CD138 expression was shown to be decreased, which could point out the malignant changes initiated in the epithelium of the oral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Akkaloori
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jayanta Saikia
- Consultant Oral Medicine and Radiologist, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Anitha Kuppusamy
- Department of Oral Pathology, CKS Theja Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Komal Rana
- Faculty of Dental Sciences, P. D. M University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana, India
| | - Pallavi D. Dashatwar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saraswati Dhanwantari Dental College, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shyam S. Behura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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15
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Wang T, Sun S, Zeng X, Li J. ICI-based therapies: A new strategy for oral potentially malignant disorders. Oral Oncol 2023; 140:106388. [PMID: 37054586 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are linked with an escalated risk of developing cancers, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Since prevailing therapies cannot effectively forestall the exacerbation and recurrence of OPMDs, halting their malignant progression is paramount. The immune checkpoint serves as a cardinal regulator of the immune response and the primary cause of adaptive immunological resistance. Although the exact mechanism remains elusive, elevated expression of multiple immune checkpoints in OPMDs and OSCC relative to healthy oral mucosa has been ascertained. This review delves into the immunosuppressive microenvironment of OPMDs, the expression of diverse immune checkpoints such as programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and programmed death receptor-1 ligand (PD-L1) in OPMDs, and the potential application of corresponding inhibitors. In addition, synergistic strategies incorporating combined immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as cGAS-STING, costimulatory molecules, cancer vaccines, and hydrogels, are discussed to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the role and application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Silu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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16
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Harris A, Andl T. Precancerous Lesions of the Head and Neck Region and Their Stromal Aberrations: Piecemeal Data. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082192. [PMID: 37190121 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) develop through a series of precancerous stages from a pool of potentially malignant disorders (PMDs). Although we understand the genetic changes that lead to HNSCC, our understanding of the role of the stroma in the progression from precancer to cancer is limited. The stroma is the primary battleground between the forces that prevent and promote cancer growth. Targeting the stroma has yielded promising cancer therapies. However, the stroma at the precancerous stage of HNSCCs is poorly defined, and we may miss opportunities for chemopreventive interventions. PMDs already exhibit many features of the HNSCC stroma, such as inflammation, neovascularization, and immune suppression. Still, they do not induce cancer-associated fibroblasts or destroy the basal lamina, the stroma's initial structure. Our review aims to summarize the current understanding of the transition from precancer to cancer stroma and how this knowledge can reveal opportunities and limitations for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic decisions to benefit patients. We will discuss what may be needed to fulfill the promise of the precancerous stroma as a target to prevent progression to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee Harris
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
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de Souza VG, de Lourdes Carvalho A, Miranda CSS, Cardoso LPV. Potential Histopathological and Immune Biomarkers in Malignant and Non-Malignant Oral Lesions. J Oral Maxillofac Res 2022; 13:e3. [PMID: 36788796 PMCID: PMC9902024 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2022.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The presented case-control study was developed to characterize the clinical, histopathological and immunological profile of patients with traumatic injuries, benign neoplasms, potentially malignant oral disorders and malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity, in order to identify biomarkers of malignancy. Material and Methods Clinical information was collected from dental records and several techniques were performed, including histopathological evaluation in sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemistry for programmed death ligand-1 and measurement of serum levels of interferon-gamma, interleukin-6, -10 and -12. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS® Statistics software. Results This study included 8 patients with traumatic injuries, 8 with benign neoplasms, 6 with potentially malignant oral disorders and 11 with malignant neoplasms. An association was observed between the classification of the lesion and smoking (P < 0.05), the size of the lesion (P < 0.05), the density of the inflammatory infiltrate (P < 0.001), the degree of dysplasia (P < 0.01) and programmed death ligand-1 expression (P < 0.01). Conclusions Therefore, it is suggested that smoking, the size of the lesion, the inflammatory infiltrate and the programmed death ligand-1 expression can be considered potential biomarkers of oral malignancy.
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Liang Z, Hu X, Hu H, Wang P, Cai J. Novel small 99mTc-labeled affibody molecular probe for PD-L1 receptor imaging. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1017737. [PMID: 36387113 PMCID: PMC9643847 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1017737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The in vivo imaging of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) can monitor changes in PD-L1 expression and guide programmed death 1 (PD-1) or PD-L1-targeted immune checkpoint therapy. A 99mTc-labeled affibody molecular probe targeting the PD-L1 receptor was prepared and evaluated its tracing effect in PD-L1-overexpressing colon cancer. METHODS The PD-L1 affibody was prepared by genetic recombineering. The 99mTc labeling of the affibody was achieved by sodium glucoheptonate and an SnCl2 labeling system. The labeling rate, radiochemical purity, and stability in vitro were determined by instant thin-layer chromatography; MC38-B7H1 (PD-L1-positive) and MC38 (PD-L1-negative) colon cancer cells were used to evaluate its affinity to PD-L1 by cell-binding experiments. The biodistribution of the 99mTc-labeled affibody molecular probe was then determined in C57BL/6J mice bearing MC38-B7H1 tumors, and tumor targeting was assessed in C57BL/6J mice with MC38-B7H1, MC38 double xenografts. RESULT The nondecayed corrected yield of the 99mTc-PD-L1 affibody molecular probe was 95.95% ± 1.26%, and showed good stability both in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and fetal bovine serum within 6 h. The affinity of the 99mTc-PD-L1 affibody molecular probe for cell-binding assays was 10.02 nmol/L. Single photon emission-computed tomography imaging showed a rapid uptake of the tracer in PD-L1-positive tumors and very little tracer retention in PD-L1-negative control tumors. The tracer was significantly retained in the kidneys and bladder, suggesting that it is mainly excreted through the urinary system. Heart, liver, lung, and muscle tissue showed no significant radioactive retention. The biodistribution in vitro also showed significant renal retention, a small amount of uptake in the thyroid and gastrointestinal tract, and rapid blood clearance, and the tumor-to-blood radioactivity uptake ratio peaked 120 min after drug injection. CONCLUSION The 99mTc-PD-L1 affibody molecular probe that we prepared can effectively target to PD-L1-positive tumors imaging in vivo, and clear in blood quickly, with no obvious toxic side effects, which is expected to become a new type of tracer for detecting PD-L1 expression in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiong Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Koyande NP, Srivastava R, Padmakumar A, Rengan AK. Advances in Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunoprevention and Immunotherapy: A Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1727. [PMID: 36298592 PMCID: PMC9610880 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most effective cancer therapies, cancer immunotherapy has produced outstanding outcomes in the field of cancer treatment. However, the cost is excessive, which limits its applicability. A smart way to address this issue would be to apply the knowledge gained through immunotherapy to develop strategies for the immunoprevention of cancer. The use of cancer vaccines is one of the most popular methods of immunoprevention. This paper reviews the technologies and processes that support the advantages of cancer immunoprevention over traditional cancer immunotherapies. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems and nanoparticle-based nano-vaccines have been employed in the past for cancer immunotherapy. This paper outlines numerous immunoprevention strategies and how nanotechnology can be applied in immunoprevention. To comprehend the non-clinical and clinical evaluation of these cancer vaccines through clinical studies is essential for acceptance of the vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aravind Kumar Rengan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India
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20
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Taherkhani A, Dehto SS, Jamshidi S, Shojaei S. Pathogenesis and prognosis of primary oral squamous cell carcinoma based on microRNAs target genes: a systems biology approach. Genomics Inform 2022; 20:e27. [PMID: 36239104 PMCID: PMC9576470 DOI: 10.5808/gi.22038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent head and neck malignancy, with frequent cervical lymph-node metastasis, leading to a poor prognosis in OSCC patients. The present study aimed to identify potential markers, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes, significantly involved in the etiology of early-stage OSCC. Additionally, the main OSCC's dysregulated Gene Ontology annotations and significant signaling pathways were identified. The dataset GSE45238 underwent multivariate statistical analysis in order to distinguish primary OSCC tissues from healthy oral epithelium. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) with the criteria of p-value < 0.001 and |Log2 fold change| > 1.585 were identified in the two groups, and subsequently, validated targets of DEMs were identified. A protein interaction map was constructed, hub genes were identified, significant modules within the network were illustrated, and significant pathways and biological processes associated with the clusters were demonstrated. Using the GEPI2 database, the hub genes' predictive function was assessed. Compared to the healthy controls, main OSCC had a total of 23 DEMs. In patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), upregulation of CALM1, CYCS, THBS1, MYC, GATA6, and SPRED3 was strongly associated with a poor prognosis. In HNSCC patients, overexpression of PIK3R3, GIGYF1, and BCL2L11 was substantially correlated with a good prognosis. Besides, “proteoglycans in cancer” was the most significant pathway enriched in the primary OSCC. The present study results revealed more possible mechanisms mediating primary OSCC and may be useful in the prognosis of the patients with early-stage OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shahab Shahmoradi Dehto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shokoofeh Jamshidi
- Dental Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Setareh Shojaei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Corresponding author E-mail:
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21
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Gan CP, Lee BKB, Lau SH, Kallarakkal TG, Zaini ZM, Lye BKW, Zain RB, Sathasivam HP, Yeong JPS, Savelyeva N, Thomas G, Ottensmeier CH, Ariffin H, Cheong SC, Lim KP. Transcriptional analysis highlights three distinct immune profiles of high-risk oral epithelial dysplasia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954567. [PMID: 36119104 PMCID: PMC9479061 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are precursors of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and the presence of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) in OPMD confers an increased risk of malignant transformation. Emerging evidence has indicated a role for the immune system in OPMD disease progression; however, the underlying immune mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we used immune signatures established from cancer to delineate the immune profiles of moderate and severe OED, which are considered high-risk OPMD. We demonstrated that moderate and severe OEDs exhibit high lymphocyte infiltration and upregulation of genes involved in both immune surveillance (major histocompatibility complex-I, T cells, B cells and cytolytic activity) and immune suppression (immune checkpoints, T regulatory cells, and tumor-associated macrophages). Notably, we identified three distinct subtypes of moderate and severe OED: immune cytotoxic, non-cytotoxic and non-immune reactive. Active immune surveillance is present in the immune cytotoxic subtype, whereas the non-cytotoxic subtype lacks CD8 immune cytotoxic response. The non-immune reactive subtype showed upregulation of genes involved in the stromal microenvironment and cell cycle. The lack of T cell infiltration and activation in the non-immune reactive subtype is due to the dysregulation of CTNNB1, PTEN and JAK2. This work suggests that moderate and severe OED that harbor the non-cytotoxic or non-immune reactive subtype are likely to progress to cancer. Overall, we showed that distinct immune responses are present in high-risk OPMD, and revealed targetable pathways that could lead to potential new approaches for non-surgical management of OED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai Phei Gan
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bernard Kok Bang Lee
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Shin Hin Lau
- Cancer Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Thomas George Kallarakkal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zuraiza Mohamad Zaini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bryan Kit Weng Lye
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Dentistry, Malaysian Allied Health Sciences Academy (MAHSA) University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
| | - Hans Prakash Sathasivam
- Cancer Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Joe Poh Sheng Yeong
- Integrative Biology for Theranostics, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Natalia Savelyeva
- Head and Neck Center, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Thomas
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- Head and Neck Center, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hany Ariffin
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kue Peng Lim
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- *Correspondence:Kue Peng Lim,
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22
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Jiang S, Li X, Huang L, Xu Z, Lin J. Prognostic value of PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 deserves attention in head and neck cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:988416. [PMID: 36119046 PMCID: PMC9478105 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.988416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer has high heterogeneity with poor prognosis, and emerging researches have been focusing on the prognostic markers of head and neck cancer. PD-L1 expression is an important basis for strategies of immunosuppressive treatment, but whether it has prognostic value is still controversial. Although meta-analysis on PD-L1 expression versus head and neck cancer prognosis has been performed, the conclusions are controversial. Since PD-L1 and PD-L2 are two receptors for PD-1, here we summarize and analyze the different prognostic values of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 in head and neck cancer in the context of different cell types, tissue localization and protein forms. We propose that for head and neck cancer, the risk warning value of PD-1/PD-L1 expression in precancerous lesions is worthy of attention, and the prognostic value of PD-L1 expression at different subcellular levels as well as the judgment convenience of prognostic value of PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2 should be fully considered. The PD-L1 evaluation systems established based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are not fully suitable for the evaluation of PD-L1 prognosis in head and neck cancer. It is necessary to establish a new PD-L1 evaluation system based on the prognosis for further explorations. The prognostic value of PD-L1, PD-L2 expression in head and neck cancer may be different for early-stage and late-stage samples, and further stratification is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Jiang
- Department of Comprehensive Chemotherapy/Head and Neck Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhensheng Xu
- Department of Oncologic Chemotheraphy, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhensheng Xu, ; Jinguan Lin,
| | - Jinguan Lin
- Department of Comprehensive Chemotherapy/Head and Neck Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhensheng Xu, ; Jinguan Lin,
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23
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Microenvironment in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: Multi-Dimensional Characteristics and Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168940. [PMID: 36012205 PMCID: PMC9409092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are a group of diseases involving the oral mucosa and that have a risk of carcinogenesis. The microenvironment is closely related to carcinogenesis and cancer progression by regulating the immune response, cell metabolic activities, and mechanical characteristics. Meanwhile, there are extensive interactions between the microenvironments that remodel and provide favorable conditions for cancer initiation. However, the changes, exact roles, and interactions of microenvironments during the carcinogenesis of OPMDs have not been fully elucidated. Here, we present an updated landscape of the microenvironments in OPMDs, emphasizing the changes in the immune microenvironment, metabolic microenvironment, mechanical microenvironment, and neural microenvironment during carcinogenesis and their carcinogenic mechanisms. We then propose an immuno–metabolic–mechanical–neural interaction network to describe their close relationships. Lastly, we summarize the therapeutic strategies for targeting microenvironments, and provide an outlook on future research directions and clinical applications. This review depicts a vivid microenvironment landscape and sheds light on new strategies to prevent the carcinogenesis of OPMDs.
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24
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Immune check point inhibitors: A promising therapeutic approach in oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2022; 132:105977. [PMID: 35752135 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Nocini R, Vianini M, Girolami I, Calabrese L, Scarpa A, Martini M, Morbini P, Marletta S, Brunelli M, Molteni G, Parwani A, Pantanowitz L, Eccher A. PD-L1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A key biomarker from the laboratory to the bedside. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:690-698. [PMID: 35593124 PMCID: PMC9209791 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives and background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly malignant disease with an increasing incidence. The need to improve therapeutic strategies for patients affected by OSCC is an urgent challenge. Currently, the advent of immunotherapy represents an important step toward this aim. Programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), a membrane protein that can be expressed on tumor and inflammatory cells is a key biomarker whose expression is determined by means of immunohistochemistry and is necessary for selecting patients for immunotherapy. Methods: In this study, we review the methods of PD‐L1 assessment and outcomes achieved with immunotherapy in the treatment of OSCC patients. Results: Based on a meta‐analysis we demonstrate a lack of prognostic significance of PD‐L1 in OSCC. Conclusions: We also highlight unresolved issues including difficulties in standardizing PD‐L1 evaluation and discuss future opportunities such as leveraging digital pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Nocini
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Vianini
- Department of Otolaryngology, Villafranca Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Girolami
- Division of Pathology, Central Hospital Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luca Calabrese
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Central Hospital Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Martini
- Catholic University-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Morbini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Pathology, University of Pavia and Foundation IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Marletta
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Molteni
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anil Parwani
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Liron Pantanowitz
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Labs, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Albino Eccher
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
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26
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Wang X, Zhao W, Zhang W, Wu S, Yan Z. Candida albicans induces upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2022; 51:444-453. [PMID: 35362187 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential association between Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been noticed for a long time. Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is a key molecule of tumor immune escape and tumor progression. This study aimed to explore whether C. albicans could influence PD-L1 expression in OSCC in vitro and in mouse model. METHODS OSCC cell lines (Cal27 and HN6) were infected with C. albicans for 2 and 24 h, then PD-L1 expression was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot (WB), and flow cytometry (FCM). To identify the underlying mechanisms, PD-L1 expression in OSCC cells treated with heat-inactivated C. albicans or with biofilm metabolites derived from C. albicans were explored respectively. Meanwhile, signaling pathways involved in PD-L1 regulation were explored by RT-qPCR, and the candidate genes were verified by WB. Moreover, an OSCC mouse model induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1 oxide was used to further explore the role of C. albicans infection in PD-L1 expression in vivo. RESULTS C. albicans and heat-inactivated C. albicans upregulated the PD-L1 expression in Cal27 and HN6 cells. Various signaling pathways involved in PD-L1 regulation were influenced by C. albicans infection. Among them, TLR2/MyD88 and TLR2/NF-κB pathways might participate in this process. Furthermore, PD-L1 expression in oral mucosa epithelium was upregulated by C. albicans infection in both normal and OSCC mice. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that C. albicans could induce upregulation of PD-L1 in OSCC in vitro and in mouse model, which might due to the activation of TLR2/MyD88 and TLR2/NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China.,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China.,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Yan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
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27
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Bouaoud J, Bossi P, Elkabets M, Schmitz S, van Kempen LC, Martinez P, Jagadeeshan S, Breuskin I, Puppels GJ, Hoffmann C, Hunter KD, Simon C, Machiels JP, Grégoire V, Bertolus C, Brakenhoff RH, Koljenović S, Saintigny P. Unmet Needs and Perspectives in Oral Cancer Prevention. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071815. [PMID: 35406587 PMCID: PMC8997728 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) may precede oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Reported rates of malignant transformation of OPMD range from 3 to 50%. While some clinical, histological, and molecular factors have been associated with a high-risk OPMD, they are, to date, insufficiently accurate for treatment decision-making. Moreover, this range highlights differences in the clinical definition of OPMD, variation in follow-up periods, and molecular and biological heterogeneity of OPMD. Finally, while treatment of OPMD may improve outcome, standard therapy has been shown to be ineffective to prevent OSCC development in patients with OPMD. In this perspective paper, several experts discuss the main challenges in oral cancer prevention, in particular the need to (i) to define an OPMD classification system by integrating new pathological and molecular characteristics, aiming (ii) to better identify OPMD at high risk of malignant transformation, and (iii) to develop treatment strategies to eradicate OPMD or prevent malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jebrane Bouaoud
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France;
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (V.G.); (C.B.)
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Paolo Bossi
- Medical Oncology, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, I-25064 Brescia, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.E.); (S.J.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Sandra Schmitz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Head and Neck Surgery, Institut Roi Albert II, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (Pole MIRO), UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (S.S.); (J.-P.M.)
| | - Léon C. van Kempen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Pierre Martinez
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France;
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (V.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Sankar Jagadeeshan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.E.); (S.J.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Ingrid Breuskin
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, F-94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Gerwin J. Puppels
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Ee-1691, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Caroline Hoffmann
- INSERM U932 Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Keith D. Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK;
| | - Christian Simon
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Jean-Pascal Machiels
- Department of Medical Oncology and Head and Neck Surgery, Institut Roi Albert II, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (Pole MIRO), UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (S.S.); (J.-P.M.)
| | - Vincent Grégoire
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (V.G.); (C.B.)
- Radiation Oncology Department, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Chloé Bertolus
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (V.G.); (C.B.)
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Ruud H. Brakenhoff
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Section Head and Neck Cancer Biology & Immunology, Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Senada Koljenović
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Pierre Saintigny
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France;
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (V.G.); (C.B.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University Lyon, 28 Promenade Léa et Napoléon Bullukian, F-69008 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (P.S.)
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Xie W, Shen J, Wang D, Guo J, Li Q, Wen S, Dai W, Wen L, Lu H, Fang J, Wang Z. Dynamic changes of exhaustion features in T cells during oral carcinogenesis. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13207. [PMID: 35179267 PMCID: PMC9055910 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to clarify the dynamic changes of exhaustion features in T cells during oral carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were randomly divided into 4NQO group and control group. The exhaustion features of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of both groups were detected by flow cytometry. Furthermore, multiplex immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of inhibitory receptors in human normal, dysplastic, and carcinogenesis tissues. Finally, anti-PD-1 antibody treatment was performed at the early premalignant phase of oral carcinogenesis. RESULTS The proportion of naive T cells in 4NQO group was lower than those in control group, while the proportion of effector memory T cells was higher in 4NQO group. The expression of inhibitory receptors on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells increased gradually during carcinogenesis. In contrast, the secretion of cytokines by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells decreased gradually with the progression stage. Strikingly, those changes occurred before the onset of oral carcinogenesis. The expression of inhibitory receptors on T cells increased gradually as the human tissues progressed from normal, dysplasia to carcinoma. Interestingly, PD-1 blockade at the early premalignant phase could reverse carcinogenesis progression by restoring T cell function. CONCLUSIONS T-cell dysfunction was established at the early premalignant phase of oral carcinogenesis; PD-1 blockade at the early premalignant phase can effectively reverse T-cell exhaustion features and then prevent carcinogenesis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Xie
- Guanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyStomatological HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Jie Shen
- School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineClinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceKey Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouPR China
| | - Dikan Wang
- Guanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyStomatological HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Junyi Guo
- Guanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyStomatological HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Qunxing Li
- Department of StomatologySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Shuqiong Wen
- Guanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyStomatological HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Wenxiao Dai
- Guanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyStomatological HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Liling Wen
- Guanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyStomatological HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Huanzi Lu
- Guanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyStomatological HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Juan Fang
- Guanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyStomatological HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Guanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyStomatological HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
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Lv S, Qian Z, Li J, Piao S, Li J. Identification and Validation of a Hypoxia-Immune-Based Prognostic mRNA Signature for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5286251. [PMID: 35178089 PMCID: PMC8844353 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5286251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a commonly encountered head and neck malignancy. Increasing evidence shows that there are abnormal immune response and chronic cell hypoxia in the development of OSCC. However, there is a lack of a reliable hypoxia-immune-based gene signature that may serve to accurately prognosticate OSCC. METHODS The mRNA expression data of OSCC patients were extracted from the TCGA and GEO databases. Hypoxia status was identified using the t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) algorithm. Both ESTIMATE and single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were used for further evaluation of immune status. The DEGs in different hypoxia and immune status were determined, and univariate Cox regression was used to identify significantly prognostic genes. A machine learning method, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis, allowed us to construct prognostic gene signature to predict the overall survival (OS) of OSCC patients. RESULTS A total of 773 DEGs were identified between hypoxia high and low groups. According to immune cell infiltration, patients were divided into immune high, medium, and low groups and immune-associated DEGs were identified. A total of 193 overlapped DEGs in both immune and hypoxia status were identified. With the univariate and LASSO Cox regression model, eight signature mRNAs (FAM122C, RNF157, RANBP17, SOWAHA, KIAA1211, RIPPLY2, INSL3, and DNAH1) were selected for further calculation of their respective risk scores. The risk score showed a significant association with age and perineural and lymphovascular invasion. In the GEO validation cohort, a better OS was observed in patients from the low-risk group in comparison with those in the high-risk group. High-risk patients also demonstrated different immune infiltration characteristics from the low-risk group and the low-risk group showed potentially better immunotherapy efficacy in contrast to high-risk ones. CONCLUSION The hypoxia-immune-based gene signature has prognostic potential in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Lv
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Stomatology School, Harbin Medical University, 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhipeng Qian
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianhao Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Songlin Piao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jichen Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Stomatology School, Harbin Medical University, 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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30
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Zhai J, Luo G. GATA6‑induced FN1 activation promotes the proliferation, invasion and migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:102. [PMID: 35088888 PMCID: PMC8822886 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA binding protein 6 (GATA6) is a transcription factor involved in cell fate decision making and tissue morphogenesis and serves a significant role in the progression of a number of types of cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the role and mechanisms underlying the effects of GATA6 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The expression levels of GATA6 were determined in a number of OSCC cell lines and the expression of GATA6 was knocked down to evaluate its role in the proliferation, invasion and migration of OSCC cells. Subsequently, the association between GATA6 and fibronectin 1 (FN1) was investigated using bioinformatics and further verified using dual‑luciferase reporter and chromosomal immunoprecipitation assays. Following the overexpression of FN1 in OSCC cells with GATA6 silencing, functional assays were performed to assess the mechanisms underlying GATA6 in OSCC progression. The results of the present study indicated that OSCC cells exhibited markedly upregulated expression levels of GATA6, while knockdown of GATA6 inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, invasion and migration of OSCC cells. In addition, GATA6 regulated FN1 expression levels by binding to the FN1 promoter. The suppressive effects of GATA6 knockdown on the proliferation, colony formation, invasion and migration of OSCC cells were abolished following FN1 overexpression. In conclusion, the findings of the present study demonstrated that GATA6 promoted the malignant development of OSCC cells by binding to the FN1 promotor. These results may contribute to further understanding the pathogenesis of OSCC and provide potential therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhai
- Welle Dental, Jingan, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Gang Luo
- Welle Dental, Jingan, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Chen C, Ding Y, Liu H, Sun M, Wang H, Wu D. Flubendazole Plays an Important Anti-Tumor Role in Different Types of Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010519. [PMID: 35008943 PMCID: PMC8745596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Flubendazole, belonging to benzimidazole, is a broad-spectrum insect repellent and has been repurposed as a promising anticancer drug. In recent years, many studies have shown that flubendazole plays an anti-tumor role in different types of cancers, including breast cancer, melanoma, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. Although the anti-tumor mechanism of flubendazole has been studied, it has not been fully understood. In this review, we summarized the recent studies regarding the anti-tumor effects of flubendazole in different types of cancers and analyzed the related mechanisms, in order to provide the theoretical reference for further studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China; (C.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yueming Ding
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China; (C.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Huiyang Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Mengyao Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Honggang Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Dongdong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (D.W.)
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32
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Souza VGD, Santos DJS, Silva AG, Ribeiro RIMDA, Loyola AM, Cardoso SV, Miranda CSS, Cardoso LPV. Immunoexpression of PD-L1, CD4+ and CD8+ cell infiltrates and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the microenvironment of actinic cheilitis and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma. J Appl Oral Sci 2022; 30:e20210344. [PMID: 35195152 PMCID: PMC8860405 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower lip squamous cell carcinomas (LLSCC) could be associated with a previous history of potentially malignant oral diseases (PMOD), especially actinic cheilitis (AC), with high sun exposure being a well-described risk factor. Immune evasion mechanisms, such as the PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1) pathway has been gaining prominence since immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors showed a positive effect on the survival of patients with different types of neoplasms. Concomitant with the characterization of the tumor microenvironment, the expression of either or both PD-1 and PD-L1 molecules may estimate mutual relations of progression or regression of the carcinoma and prognostic values of the patient.
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33
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Dutta S, Singhal S, Shah RB, Haque M. Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy in the Management of Oral Cancers. Crit Rev Oncog 2022; 27:23-37. [PMID: 37199300 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2022046361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancers (OCs), being one of the frequent malignancies in the head and neck region, need prompt diagnosis and treatment. Apart from basic therapeutic modalities, immunotherapy has now been utilized as a novel approach to combat the disease. With the comprehension of the strategies adopted by cancer cells to evade the immune elimination by the body's immune system, targeted immunotherapies have now become the core area of research. The immune expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PDL-1), etc., are enhanced in OC and have been associated with evasion of the immune system. Targeted immunotherapies now include monoclonal antibodies targeting EGFR like cetuximab and panitumumab, programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors like pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, and nivolumab, and PD-L1 inhibitors like atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab. Targeted immunotherapies like chimeric antigen receptor T-cell treatment and small molecule inhibitors are in several clinical trials tried as monotherapy and adjuvant immunotherapy and have shown promising results. Other immunothera-peutic approaches such as cytokines like interferons or interleukins, vaccines, and gene therapy have also been an area of research for the management of OC. However, the cautious selection of appropriate patients with specific immune characteristics as a candidate for immunotherapeutic agents is a crucial component of targeted immunotherapy. This article elaborates on the immune contexture of oral cancer cells, the mechanism of immune evasion by cancer cells, targets for immunotherapies, existent immunotherapeutic agents, and prospects in the field of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Shubha Singhal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Rima B Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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34
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Kujan O, Agag M, Smaga M, Vaishnaw Y, Idrees M, Shearston K, Farah CS. PD-1/PD-L1, Treg-related proteins, and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Pathology 2021; 54:409-416. [PMID: 34872754 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunomodulation has been implicated in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), however the role of specific immunomodulatory proteins is not completely understood, particularly in the early stages of the disease. Oral potentially malignant disorders such as leukoplakia commonly precede OSCC but not all will undergo malignant transformation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of specific immunomodulator proteins and their role in the progression of OSCC. Samples from 101 patients were included in the study. Cases were classified based on histopathology into four groups: non-dysplastic epithelial hyperplasia/keratosis, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and OSCC. The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, as well as regulatory T cell (Treg)-related proteins including FOXP3, TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-10 were immunohistochemically quantified. The number of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was also assessed for each case. Multinominal regression models were undertaken to assess the significance of each protein in predicting the histopathological grade of oral epithelial disorders, and three diagnostic models were assessed. Significant positive associations were found between the immunoreactive score of each protein and the histopathological grade, p<0.05 suggesting that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, Treg-related proteins, and TILs are associated with the development of OSCC. Diagnostic models using the investigated proteins and TILs predicted the grade of oral epithelial disorder, p<0.05. The associated accuracy of this approach was 84.92%. Our findings support the notion that immunomodulation events may play a role in evading the immune system and contributing to potential malignant transformation of oral epithelial disorders. Our data also provide supporting evidence for the potential application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the chemoprevention of OSCC. Further longitudinal studies to assess individual T-cell populations within the immune microenvironment of various oral potentially malignant disorders are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - Muhamed Agag
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Monika Smaga
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Yash Vaishnaw
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Majdy Idrees
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Kate Shearston
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Camile S Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research and Education, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Oral, Maxillofacial and Dental Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Anatomical Pathology, Australian Clinical Labs, Subiaco, WA, Australia
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35
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Rasihashemi SZ, Rezazadeh Gavgani E, Majidazar R, Seraji P, Oladghaffari M, Kazemi T, Lotfinejad P. Tumor-derived exosomal PD-L1 in progression of cancer and immunotherapy. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1648-1660. [PMID: 34825383 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a gravely important health issue all over the world and has been spreading fast. In recent years immune checkpoint treatment options have been used extensively as a primary line of treatment for different cancer types. PD-1 and its ligand, PD-L1, are members of the immune-checkpoints superfamily. Anti-PD-L1 and anti-PD-1 antibodies have shown efficacy against different cancer types, but fewer than 30% of patients have shown robust therapeutic responses and, therefore, it is hypothesized that exosomal PD-L1 is the mechanism to blame for failure in primary immune checkpoint therapy. The identical membrane topology of exosomal PD-L1 with tumor cell membrane-type provides the possibility to mimic immunosuppressive effects of tumor cell membrane PD-L1. In this review, it is discussed whether exosomal PD-L1 binds to antibodies and hence resistance to immunotherapy will be developed, and targeting exosome biogenesis inhibition can provide a new strategy to overcome tumor resistance to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Diagnostic and prognostic values of exosomal PD-L1 in different cancer types are discussed. Multiple clinical studies conclude that the level of tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) as a biomarker for diagnosis could distinguish cancer patients from healthy controls. Elevated exosomal PD-L1 levels may be predictive of advanced disease stages, cancer metastasis, lower response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, lower overall survival rates, and poor tumor prognosis. These novel findings of TEXs serve as promising therapeutic targets for early diagnosis and prevention of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Z Rasihashemi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Majidazar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parya Seraji
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mobina Oladghaffari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Lotfinejad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Kwok HH, Gao B, Chan KH, Ip MSM, Minna JD, Lam DCL. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit α7 Mediates Cigarette Smoke-Induced PD-L1 Expression in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5345. [PMID: 34771509 PMCID: PMC8582493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the top risk factor for lung cancer development. Nicotine in cigarettes can induce addiction, and its derivatives become potent carcinogens after metabolic activation and activate oncogenic signaling in lung epithelial cells through their expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). However, the effects of smoking on the tumor immune microenvironment are under investigation. In the current study, we investigated whether nicotine activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit α7 (nAChRα7, CHRNA7) would induce PD-L1 expression in lung epithelial cells. The expression levels of nAChRα7 and PD-L1 in eight human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) lines were measured after treatment with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or nicotine derivatives. The results showed that PD-L1 expression levels increased in HBECs after exposure to CSE or nicotine derivatives. This induction of PD-L1 expression could be diminished by treatment with CHRNA7 small-interfering RNA, and the relevant signaling was mediated via STAT3 phosphorylation and NRF2 expression. In summary, this study demonstrated that the well-known nicotine derivative-activated nAChRα7 could induce STAT3/NRF2 pathways and subsequently promote PD-L1 expression in normal lung epithelial cells. This information provides mechanistic insight into cigarette smoke-induced immune evasion in lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Hin Kwok
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-H.K.); (K.-H.C.); (M.S.-M.I.)
| | - Boning Gao
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (B.G.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Koon-Ho Chan
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-H.K.); (K.-H.C.); (M.S.-M.I.)
| | - Mary Sau-Man Ip
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-H.K.); (K.-H.C.); (M.S.-M.I.)
| | - John Dorrance Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (B.G.); (J.D.M.)
| | - David Chi-Leung Lam
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-H.K.); (K.-H.C.); (M.S.-M.I.)
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37
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Singh K, Ali A, Shrestha A, Magalhaes M, Kishen A. Assessing Macrophage Polarization in Nanoparticle-Guided Wound Repair Using a Lipopolysaccharide Contaminated Intraosseous Model. J Endod 2021; 48:109-116. [PMID: 34634294 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Macrophages regulate the processes of inflammation and tissue regeneration/repair through their plasticity and phenotypes of different activation states. Previous studies have shown that disinfection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-contaminated dentin with photoactivated rose bengal-functionalized chitosan nanoparticles (CSRBnps) in vivo supported neotissue formation without signs of inflammation and root resorption. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanism underlying CSRBnp-guided attenuation of inflammation in LPS-contaminated dentin using macrophage polarization as an indicator of inflammation and repair. METHODS To quantify the polarized macrophage populations, M1/M2-specific surface markers CD68, CD80, and CD206 and transcriptional factors signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1, STAT3, and STAT6 were determined using immunohistochemistry among previously obtained root specimens implanted into mandibles of guinea pigs for 4 weeks. In group 1, the canals were not inoculated; in group 2, the canals were inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS; in group 3, the canals were inoculated and disinfected with sodium hypochlorite; in group 4, the canals were inoculated and disinfected with sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide; and in group 5, the canals were inoculated and disinfected with sodium hypochlorite, and CSRBnps (300 μg/mL) with photoactivation (λ = 540 nm, 40 J/cm2) were analyzed. RESULTS An increased expression of M2-specific markers was observed in the group treated with CSRBnps compared with the groups treated with either conventional or no root canal disinfection. A statistically significant population of macrophages expressing both M1- and M2-specific markers was observed in all the tested groups. CONCLUSIONS Disinfection of LPS-contaminated dentin with CSRBnps demonstrated M2-type polarization of macrophages, which corresponded to repair and neotissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamna Singh
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aiman Ali
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annie Shrestha
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco Magalhaes
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anil Kishen
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Sun J, Tang Q, Zhang J, Chen G, Peng J, Chen L. Possible Immunotherapeutic Strategies Based on Carcinogen-Dependent Subgroup Classification for Oral Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:717038. [PMID: 34497832 PMCID: PMC8419237 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.717038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity serves as an open local organ of the human body, exposed to multiple external factors from the outside environment. Coincidentally, initiation and development of oral cancer are attributed to many external factors, such as smoking and drinking, to a great extent. This phenomenon was partly explained by the genetic abnormalities traditionally induced by carcinogens. However, more and more attention has been attracted to the influence of carcinogens on the local immune status. On the other hand, immune heterogeneity of cancer patients is a huge obstacle for enhancing the clinical efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Thus, in this review, we try to summarize the current opinions about variant genetic changes and multiple immune alterations induced by different oral cancer carcinogens and discuss the prospects of targeted immunotherapeutic strategies based on specific immune abnormalities caused by different carcinogens, as a predictive way to improve clinical outcomes of immunotherapy-treated oral cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyuan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfeng Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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39
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Odell E, Kujan O, Warnakulasuriya S, Sloan P. Oral epithelial dysplasia: Recognition, grading and clinical significance. Oral Dis 2021; 27:1947-1976. [PMID: 34418233 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Histopathological grading of epithelial dysplasia remains the principal laboratory method for assessing the risk of malignant transformation in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Current views on the molecular pathogenesis and histological interpretation of the features of epithelial dysplasia are described, and the use of grading systems for epithelial dysplasia is discussed. Changes to the current 2017 WHO criteria for diagnosis are proposed with emphasis on the architectural features of epithelial dysplasia. The predictive values of three-grade and binary systems are summarised, and categories of epithelial dysplasia are reviewed, including lichenoid and verrucous lesions, keratosis of unknown significance, HPV-associated dysplasia, differentiated and basaloid epithelial dysplasia. The implications of finding epithelial dysplasia in an oral biopsy for clinical management are discussed from the pathologists' viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Odell
- King's College London and Head and Neck Pathology Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences King's College London and The WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip Sloan
- School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Cellular Pathology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Chief Histopathologist, AMLo Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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40
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Sathasivam HP, Kist R, Sloan P, Thomson P, Nugent M, Alexander J, Haider S, Robinson M. Predicting the clinical outcome of oral potentially malignant disorders using transcriptomic-based molecular pathology. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:413-421. [PMID: 33972745 PMCID: PMC8329212 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to develop and validate a gene expression signature that characterises oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) with a high risk of undergoing malignant transformation. METHODS Patients with oral epithelial dysplasia at one hospital were selected as the 'training set' (n = 56) whilst those at another hospital were selected for the 'test set' (n = 66). RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) diagnostic biopsies and analysed using the NanoString nCounter platform. A targeted panel of 42 genes selected on their association with oral carcinogenesis was used to develop a prognostic gene signature. Following data normalisation, uni- and multivariable analysis, as well as prognostic modelling, were employed to develop and validate the gene signature. RESULTS A prognostic classifier composed of 11 genes was developed using the training set. The multivariable prognostic model was used to predict patient risk scores in the test set. The prognostic gene signature was an independent predictor of malignant transformation when assessed in the test set, with the high-risk group showing worse prognosis [Hazard ratio = 12.65, p = 0.0003]. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates proof of principle that RNA extracted from FFPE diagnostic biopsies of OPMD, when analysed on the NanoString nCounter platform, can be used to generate a molecular classifier that stratifies the risk of malignant transformation with promising clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Prakash Sathasivam
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK ,Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Ralf Kist
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK ,grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Philip Sloan
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK ,grid.420004.20000 0004 0444 2244Department of Cellular Pathology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Peter Thomson
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Michael Nugent
- grid.416726.00000 0004 0399 9059Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, UK
| | - John Alexander
- grid.18886.3f0000 0001 1271 4623The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Syed Haider
- grid.18886.3f0000 0001 1271 4623The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Max Robinson
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK ,grid.420004.20000 0004 0444 2244Department of Cellular Pathology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Adeoye J, Tan JY, Ip CM, Choi SW, Thomson P. "Fact or fiction?": Oral cavity cancer in nonsmoking, nonalcohol drinking patients as a distinct entity-Scoping review. Head Neck 2021; 43:3662-3680. [PMID: 34313348 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity cancer is often described as a lifestyle-related malignancy due to its strong associations with habitual factors, including tobacco use, heavy alcohol consumption, and betel nut chewing. However, patients with no genetically predisposing conditions who do not indulge in these risk habits are still being encountered, albeit less commonly. The aim of this review is to summarize contemporaneous reports on these nonsmoking, nonalcohol drinking (NSND) patients. We performed database searching to identify relevant studies from January 1, 2000 to March 31, 2021. Twenty-six articles from 20 studies were included in this study. We found that these individuals were mostly females in their eighth decade with tumors involving the tongue and gingivobuccal mucosa. This review also observed that these patients were likely diagnosed with early stage tumors with overexpression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and increased intensity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Treatment response and disease-specific prognosis were largely comparable between NSND and smoking/drinking patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Adeoye
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jia Yan Tan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheuk Man Ip
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-Wai Choi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peter Thomson
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Overview of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: From Risk Factors to Specific Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153696. [PMID: 34359597 PMCID: PMC8345150 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a very aggressive cancer, representing one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) regroup a variegate set of different histological lesions, characterized by the potential capacity to transform in OSCC. Most of the risk factors associated with OSCC are present also in OPMDs' development; however, the molecular mechanisms and steps of malignant transformation are still unknown. Treatment of OSCC, including surgery, systemic therapy and radiotherapy (alone or in combination), has suffered a dramatic change in last years, especially with the introduction of immunotherapy. However, most cases are diagnosed during the advanced stage of the disease, decreasing drastically the survival rate of the patients. Hence, early diagnosis of premalignant conditions (OPMDs) is a priority in oral cancer, as well as a massive education about risk factors, the understanding of mechanisms involved in malignant progression and the development of specific and more efficient therapies. The aim of this article is to review epidemiological, clinical, morphological and molecular features of OPMDs, with the purpose to lay the foundation for an exhaustive comprehension of these lesions and their ability of malignant transformation and for the development of more effective and personalized treatments.
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43
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Prime SS, Cirillo N, Cheong SC, Prime MS, Parkinson EK. Targeting the genetic landscape of oral potentially malignant disorders has the potential as a preventative strategy in oral cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 518:102-114. [PMID: 34139286 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study reviews the molecular landscape of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). We examine the impact of tumour heterogeneity, the spectrum of driver mutations (TP53, CDKN2A, TERT, NOTCH1, AJUBA, PIK3CA, CASP8) and gene transcription on tumour progression. We comment on how some of these mutations impact cellular senescence, field cancerization and cancer stem cells. We propose that OPMD can be monitored more closely and more dynamically through the use of liquid biopsies using an appropriate biomarker of transformation. We describe new gene interactions through the use of a systems biology approach and we highlight some of the first studies to identify functional genes using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. We believe that this information has translational implications for the use of re-purposed existing drugs and/or new drug development. Further, we argue that the use of digital technology encompassing clinical and laboratory-based data will create relevant datasets for machine learning/artificial intelligence. We believe that therapeutic intervention at an early molecular premalignant stage should be an important preventative strategy to inhibit the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma and that this approach is applicable to other aerodigestive tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Prime
- Centre for Immunology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - N Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanson Street, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, 3053, Australia.
| | - S C Cheong
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Team, Cancer Research Malaysia, 1 Jalan SS12/1A, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - M S Prime
- Roche Diagnostics Information Solutions, Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - E K Parkinson
- Centre for Immunology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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Vathiotis IA, Gomatou G, Stravopodis DJ, Syrigos N. Programmed Death-Ligand 1 as a Regulator of Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105383. [PMID: 34065396 PMCID: PMC8160779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint has long been implicated in modeling antitumor immunity; PD-1/PD-L1 axis inhibitors exert their antitumor effects by relieving PD-L1-mediated suppression on tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. However, recent studies have unveiled a distinct, tumor-intrinsic, potential role for PD-L1. In this review, we focus on tumor-intrinsic PD-L1 signaling and delve into preclinical evidence linking PD-L1 protein expression with features of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program, cancer stemness and known oncogenic pathways. We further summarize data from studies supporting the prognostic significance of PD-L1 in different tumor types. We show that PD-L1 may indeed have oncogenic potential and act as a regulator of tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A. Vathiotis
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (G.G.); (N.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-69-4882-2683
| | - Georgia Gomatou
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (G.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Dimitrios J. Stravopodis
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Syrigos
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (G.G.); (N.S.)
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Gurizzan C, Lorini L, Paderno A, Tomasoni M, Zigliani G, Bozzola A, Ardighieri L, Battocchio S, Bignotti E, Ravaggi A, Romani C, De Cecco L, Serafini MS, Miceli R, Bardellini E, Majorana A, Piazza C, Bossi P. Immunotherapy for the prevention of high-risk oral disorders malignant transformation: the IMPEDE trial. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:561. [PMID: 34001010 PMCID: PMC8130439 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD) have a non-negligible malignant transformation rate of up to 8%. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in critical chromosomal loci has proven to be the most effective marker in defining the risk of transformation and it is found in about 28% of OPMD and may therefore identify patients carrying higher risk. To date, clinical management of OPMD is limited to surgical excision and clinical surveillance, which however do not fully prevent oral cancer development. Immune system has been shown to play a key role in transformation surveillance mechanism and an immunosuppressive imbalance may be responsible for progression to cancer. Given all these considerations, we designed a clinical trial with the aim to prevent OPMD neoplastic transformation and revert the LOH status. Methods This is a phase II, open label, single arm, multicentric trial involving Italian referral centres and expected to enrol 80 patients out of a total of 175 screened. Patients who meet all inclusion criteria and test positive for LOH after an incisional biopsy of the OPMD will undergo a short course of immunotherapy with 4 administration of avelumab. After 6 months since treatment start, resection of the entire OPMD will be performed and LOH assessment will be repeated. The follow-up for malignant transformation and safety assessment will last 30 months from the end of treatment, for a total planned study duration of approximately 5.5 years. Discussion Restoring the activity of immune system through checkpoint inhibitor may play a crucial role against malignant transformation of OPMD by reverting the balance in favour of immune control and preventing cancer occurrence. Trial registration This trial was prospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04504552 on 7th August 2020. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08297-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gurizzan
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Lorini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Paderno
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele Tomasoni
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Zigliani
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Bozzola
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Ardighieri
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Simonetta Battocchio
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eliana Bignotti
- 'Angelo Nocivelli' Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia and ASST-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Ravaggi
- 'Angelo Nocivelli' Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia and ASST-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Romani
- 'Angelo Nocivelli' Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia and ASST-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Integrated Biology Platform, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Serena Serafini
- Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Integrated Biology Platform, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosalba Miceli
- Department of Applied Research and Technical Development, Medical Statistics and Biometry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Bardellini
- Dental Clinic, Oral Medicine Unit - Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Majorana
- Dental Clinic, Oral Medicine Unit - Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cesare Piazza
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bossi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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Fraga M, Yáñez M, Sherman M, Llerena F, Hernandez M, Nourdin G, Álvarez F, Urrizola J, Rivera C, Lamperti L, Nova L, Castro S, Zambrano O, Cifuentes A, Campos L, Moya S, Pastor J, Nuñez M, Gatica J, Figueroa J, Zúñiga F, Salomón C, Cerda G, Puentes R, Labarca G, Vidal M, McGregor R, Nova-Lamperti E. Immunomodulation of T Helper Cells by Tumor Microenvironment in Oral Cancer Is Associated With CCR8 Expression and Rapid Membrane Vitamin D Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643298. [PMID: 34025655 PMCID: PMC8137990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a key role in the protective response against oral cancer; however, the tumor microenvironment (TME) impairs this anti-cancer response by modulating T helper (Th) responses and promoting an anti-inflammatory environment. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th2 effector cells (Teff) are associated with poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the main immunomodulatory mechanisms associated with the enrichment of these subsets in OSCC remain unknown. We characterized Th-like lineages in Tregs and Teff and evaluated immunomodulatory changes induced by the TME in OSCC. Our phenotypic data revealed a higher distribution of tumour-infiltrating CCR8+ and Th2-like Treg in OSCC compared with non-malignant samples, whereas the percentages of Th1 cells were reduced in cancer. We then analyzed the direct effect of the TME by exposing T cell subsets to cancer secretomes and observed the OSCC secretome induced CCR8 expression and reduced cytokine production from both subsets. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the co-culture with OSCC secretome induced several gene changes associated with the vitamin D (VitD) signaling pathway in T cells. In addition, proteomic analysis identified the presence of several proteins associated with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by rapid membrane VitD signaling and a reduced presence of the VitD binding protein. Thus, we analyzed the effect of VitD and PGE2 and observed that VitD promotes a regulatory Th2-like response with CCR8 expression whilst PGE2 also modulated CCR8 but inhibited cytokine production in combination with VitD. Finally, we evaluated the presence of CCR8 ligand in OSCC and observed increased chemokine CCL18, which was also able to upregulate CCR8 in activated Th cells. Overall, our data showed the immunomodulatory changes induced by the TME involving CCR8 expression and regulatory Th2 phenotypes, which are associated with PGE2 mediated VitD signaling pathway and CCL18 expression in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fraga
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Milly Yáñez
- Anatomy Pathology Unit and Dental Service, Oral Pathology Department, Hospital Las Higueras, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Macarena Sherman
- Anatomy Pathology Unit, Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente and Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Head and Neck Service, Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente, Concepción, Chile.,Dental Service, Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente, Concepción, Chile
| | - Faryd Llerena
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Joaquín Urrizola
- Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Dental Faculty, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - César Rivera
- Department of Stomatology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Liliana Lamperti
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,PeveGen Laboratory, Concepción, Chile
| | - Lorena Nova
- Centro de Salud Familiar (CESFAM) Penco Lirquén, Penco, Chile
| | - Silvia Castro
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Omar Zambrano
- Surgery Service, Hospital Las Higueras, Talcahuano, Chile
| | | | - León Campos
- Dental Service, Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Las Higueras, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Sergio Moya
- Dental Service, Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Las Higueras, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Juan Pastor
- Dental Service, Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Las Higueras, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Marcelo Nuñez
- Dental Service, Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Las Higueras, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Jorge Gatica
- Dental Service, Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Las Higueras, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Jorge Figueroa
- Dental Service, Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Las Higueras, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Felipe Zúñiga
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Salomón
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine + Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gustavo Cerda
- Advanced Microscopy Centre, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ricardo Puentes
- Dental Service, Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Labarca
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mabel Vidal
- Computer Science Department, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Reuben McGregor
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Estefania Nova-Lamperti
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Keshavarz-Fathi M, Rezaei N. Cancer Immunoprevention: Current Status and Future Directions. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:3. [PMID: 33638703 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most serious diseases affecting health and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the development of various therapeutic modalities to deal with cancer, limited improvement in overall survival of patients has been yielded. Since there is no certain cure for cancer, detection of premalignant lesions, and prevention of their progression are vital to the decline of high morbidity and mortality of cancer. Among approaches to cancer prevention, immunoprevention has gained further attention in recent years. Deep understanding of the tumor/immune system interplay and successful prevention of virally-induced malignancies by vaccines have paved the way toward broadening cancer immunoprevention application. The identification of tumor antigens in premalignant lesions was the turning point in cancer immunoprevention that led to designing preventive vaccines for various malignancies including multiple myeloma, colorectal, and breast cancer. In addition to vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors are also being tested for the prevention of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and imiquimod which is an established drug for the prevention of skin SCC, is a non-specific immunomodulator. Herein, to provide a bench-to-bedside understanding of cancer immunoprevention, we will review the role of the immune system in suppression and promotion of tumors, immunoprevention of virally-induced cancers, identification of tumor antigens in premalignant lesions, and clinical advances of cancer immunoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
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Immunohistochemical Differences in Squamous Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions of the Oral Cavity and the Larynx: Preliminary Data. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11052048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess immune cell populations in squamous precancerous (preinvasive) and cancerous lesions of the oral cavity and larynx. Qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemical analyses were performed to determine the expressions of CD4, CD8, CD15, CD57 and CD68. The expressions of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), p16 and Ki67 were also assessed. Squamous cell lesions from forty-one patients were included in the study. Sixteen samples were categorized as precancerous (preinvasive) lesions and twenty-five as invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Invasive lesions showed a negative correlation with CD57+ cells (ρ = −0.69) and a positive correlation with Ki67 (ρ = 0.61). The amount of CD4+ lymphocytes was higher in invasive lesions. There were no differences in PD-L1 and p16 immunoreactivity. Our analysis showed differences in the immunohistochemical profile between preinvasive and invasive squamous cell lesions. In the near future, this study should be useful in driving treatment strategy in both preinvasive and invasive squamous cell lesions of the oral cavity and larynx. However, studies on larger series of patients focusing on site-specific lesions are required.
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49
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Choi BBR, Choi JH, Kim UK, Hwang DS, Kim GC. Gold nanoparticles conjugated with programmed death-ligand 1 antibodies induce apoptosis of SCC-25 oral squamous cell carcinoma cells via programmed death-ligand 1/signal transducer and transcription 3 pathway. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 125:105085. [PMID: 33667957 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Objective of this study is to test the anti-cancer effect of the gold nanoparticles conjugated with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) specific antibodies (PDL1-GNP), on oral squamous cell carcinoma. DESIGN To test the effect of PDL1-GNP on oral squamous cell carcinoma, SCC-25 cells, a type of human oral squamous cell carcinoma which were isolated from human tongue, and HaCaT human keratinocytes as normal cell control, were used. Cell viability was tested by the water-soluble tetrazolium-1 and live/dead assays, while apoptotic cell death of SCC-25 cells were monitored by immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry. The molecular changes during PDL1-GNP-mediated apoptosis were analyzed using Western blot analysis. RESULTS PDL1-GNP treatment effectively decreased the growth of SCC-25 cells but not HaCaT cells. The results of the confocal microscopic assay showed that PDL1-GNP specifically bound to the SCC-25 cell membrane. Furthermore, the results of the live/dead, cytochrome c release assays and flow cytometry indicated PDL1-GNP-mediated apoptotic cell death of SCC-25 cells. PDL1-GNP-treated SCC-25 cells showed a phenotype with increased apoptotic proteins, including cleaved form of caspase-3, caspase-9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1). PDL1-GNP treatment also effectively decreased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and PD-L1 protein expression. Phosphorylation of signal transducer and transcription 3 (STAT3) was significantly increased after PDL1-GNP treatment on SCC-25 cells. CONCLUSIONS PDL1-GNP treatment induced SCC-25 cell apoptosis possibly by inhibiting the function of the PD-L1 protein, since PD-L1 blocks STAT3 phosphorylation, which promotes apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Uk Kyu Kim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Seok Hwang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoo Cheon Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Isola G. Advances in Biomarkers and Diagnostics in Periodontitis and Oral Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041886. [PMID: 33672084 PMCID: PMC7919635 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral health is essential to general health and well-being at every stage of life [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
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