1
|
Liao Q, Shen J, Chen Y, Shu Y. Mendelian randomization study on the causal effect of serum IgA levels on H7N9 avian influenza A virus susceptibility. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29266. [PMID: 38009617 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) that cross the species barrier to infect humans have the potential to initiate a new pandemic. However, the host factors influencing avian IAV infection remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis by integrating our in-house genome-wide association study (GWAS) of avian IAV H7N9 susceptibility (with 217 cases and 116 controls) with the largest GWAS of serum IgA levels to date (sample size 41 263). Using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, we discovered that genetically decreased serum IgA levels were associated with an increased risk of H7N9 infection (β = -2.528, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -4.572 to -0.484; p = 0.015). Consistent results were obtained from three other MR methods, including robust IVW estimation (β = -2.506, 95% CI: -4.109 to -0.902; p = 0.002), generalized summary-data-based MR (GSMR) (β = -2.238, 95% CI: -4.106 to -0.602; p = 0.019), and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) (β = -2.528, 95% CI: -4.396 to -0.892; p = 0.026). In conclusion, our analysis provided compelling evidence support a causal relationship between genetically predicted serum IgA levels and avian IAV H7N9 susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Liao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Shen
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkun Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Y, Graf L, Chen T, Liao Q, Bai T, Petric PP, Zhu W, Yang L, Dong J, Lu J, Chen Y, Shen J, Haller O, Staeheli P, Kochs G, Wang D, Schwemmle M, Shu Y. Rare variant MX1 alleles increase human susceptibility to zoonotic H7N9 influenza virus. Science 2021; 373:918-922. [PMID: 34413236 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg5953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic avian influenza A virus (IAV) infections are rare. Sustained transmission of these IAVs between humans has not been observed, suggesting a role for host genes. We used whole-genome sequencing to compare avian IAV H7N9 patients with healthy controls and observed a strong association between H7N9 infection and rare, heterozygous single-nucleotide variants in the MX1 gene. MX1 codes for myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA), an interferon-induced antiviral guanosine triphosphatase known to control IAV infections in transgenic mice. Most of the MxA variants identified lost the ability to inhibit avian IAVs, including H7N9, in transfected human cell lines. Nearly all of the inactive MxA variants exerted a dominant-negative effect on the antiviral function of wild-type MxA, suggesting an MxA null phenotype in heterozygous carriers. Our study provides genetic evidence for a crucial role of the MX1-based antiviral defense in controlling zoonotic IAV infections in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Laura Graf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tao Chen
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qijun Liao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tian Bai
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Philipp P Petric
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wenfei Zhu
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Otto Haller
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dayan Wang
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China. .,Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|