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Wu L, Xiao X, Deng J, Zhou Y, Li J, He S, Wang Y. Effects of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on the Regulation of Free Fatty Acid Release in 3T3-L1 Cells. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2024. [PMID: 38654492 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the proliferation, differentiation, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced lipolysis of 3T3-L1 cells, and to explore the feasibility of regulating the release of free fatty acids (FFA) to prevent lipotoxicity. METHODS Different intensities (30, 60, 90, and 120 mW/cm2) of LIPUS were applied to 3T3-L1 preadipocytes for different durations (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes). Appropriate parameters for subsequent experiments were selected by assessing cell viability. The effect of LIPUS on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells was evaluated by microscope observation, flow cytometry, and lipid content determination. After treated with LIPUS and TNF-α (50 ng/mL), the degree of lipolysis was assessed by measuring the extracellular FFA content. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of relevant genes. RESULTS Different parameters of LIPUS significantly enhance the viability of 3T3-L1 cells (P < .05), with 20 minutes and 30 mW/cm2 as the most suitable settings. After LIPUS treatment, 3T3-L1 cell proliferation accelerated, apoptosis rate and G1 phase cell proportion decreased, the content of lipid droplets and TG was increased in differentiated cells, while FFA release decreased (P < .05). The expression of PCNA, PPARγ, C/EBPα, Perilipin A mRNA increased, and the expression of TNF-α, ATGL, HSL mRNA decreased (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS LIPUS could promote the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and inhibit TNF-α-induced lipolysis, indicating its potential as a therapy for mitigating lipotoxicity caused by decompensated adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinfang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sicheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhong F, Cao S, Yang L, Liu J, Gui B, Wang H, Jiang N, Zhou Q, Deng Q. Low‑intensity pulsed ultrasound accelerates diabetic wound healing by ADSC‑derived exosomes via promoting the uptake of exosomes and enhancing angiogenesis. Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:23. [PMID: 38214291 PMCID: PMC10836517 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wounds remain a great challenge for clinicians globally as a lack of effective radical treatment often results in poor prognosis. Exosomes derived from adipose‑derived stem cells (ADSC‑Exos) have been explored as an appealing nanodrug delivery system in the treatment of diabetic wounds. However, the short half‑life and low utilization efficiency of exosomes limit their therapeutic effects. Low‑intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) provides a non‑invasive mechanical stimulus to cells and exerts a number of biological effects such as cavitation and thermal effects. In the present study, whether LIPUS could enhance ADSC‑Exo‑mediated diabetic wound repair was investigated and its possible mechanism of action was explored. After isolation and characterization, ADSC‑Exos were injected into mice with diabetic wounds, then the mice were exposed to LIPUS irradiation. The control mice were subcutaneously injected with PBS. Wound healing assays, laser Doppler perfusion, Masson's staining and angiogenesis assays were used to assess treatment efficiency. Then, ADSC‑Exos were cocultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs were assessed. Moreover, the cellular uptake of ADSC‑Exos in vitro and in vivo was assessed to explore the synergistic mechanisms underlying the effects of LIPUS. The in vivo results demonstrated that LIPUS increased the uptake of exosomes and prolonged the residence of exosomes in the wound area, thus enhancing angiogenesis and accelerating wound repair in diabetic mice. The in vitro results further confirmed that LIPUS enhanced the uptake efficiency of ADSC‑Exos by 10.93‑fold and significantly increased the proliferation, migration and tubular formation of HUVECs. Therefore, the present study indicates that LIPUS is a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic effects of ADSC‑Exos in diabetic wounds by promoting the cellular uptake of exosomes and enhancing angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglu Zhong
- Department of Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Cao
- Department of Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Junbi Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Bin Gui
- Department of Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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He YF, Wang XL, Deng SP, Wang YL, Huang QQ, Lin S, Lyu GR. Latest progress in low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for studying exosomes derived from stem/progenitor cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1286900. [PMID: 38089611 PMCID: PMC10715436 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1286900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have self-renewal, replication, and multidirectional differentiation potential, while progenitor cells are undifferentiated, pluripotent or specialized stem cells. Stem/progenitor cells secrete various factors, such as cytokines, exosomes, non-coding RNAs, and proteins, and have a wide range of applications in regenerative medicine. However, therapies based on stem cells and their secreted exosomes present limitations, such as insufficient source materials, mature differentiation, and low transplantation success rates, and methods addressing these problems are urgently required. Ultrasound is gaining increasing attention as an emerging technology. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has mechanical, thermal, and cavitation effects and produces vibrational stimuli that can lead to a series of biochemical changes in organs, tissues, and cells, such as the release of extracellular bodies, cytokines, and other signals. These changes can alter the cellular microenvironment and affect biological behaviors, such as cell differentiation and proliferation. Here, we discuss the effects of LIPUS on the biological functions of stem/progenitor cells, exosomes, and non-coding RNAs, alterations involved in related pathways, various emerging applications, and future perspectives. We review the roles and mechanisms of LIPUS in stem/progenitor cells and exosomes with the aim of providing a deeper understanding of LIPUS and promoting research and development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-fang He
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xia-li Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Departments of Medical Imaging, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shuang-ping Deng
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yan-li Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qing-qing Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Guo-rong Lyu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Departments of Medical Imaging, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, China
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Ye X, Wang Z, van Bruggen R, Li XM, Zhang Y, Chen J. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound enhances neurite growth in serum-starved human neuroblastoma cells. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1269267. [PMID: 38053610 PMCID: PMC10694225 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1269267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a recognized tool for promoting nerve regeneration and repair; however, the intracellular mechanisms of LIPUS stimulation remain underexplored. Method The present study delves into the effects of varying LIPUS parameters, namely duty cycle, spatial average-temporal average (SATA) intensity, and ultrasound amplitude, on the therapeutic efficacy using SK-N-SH cells cultured in serum-starved conditions. Four distinct LIPUS settings were employed: (A) 50 mW/cm2, 40%, (B) 25 mW/cm2, 10%, (C) 50 mW/cm2, 20%, and (D) 25 mW/cm2, 10%. Results Immunochemistry analysis exhibited neurite outgrowth promotion in all LIPUS-treated groups except for Group D. Further, LIPUS treatment was found to successfully promote brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and enhance the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, protein kinase B (Akt), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways, as evidenced by western blot analysis. Discussion The study suggests that the parameter combination of LIPUS determines the therapeutic efficacy of LIPUS. Future investigations should aim to optimize these parameters for different cell types and settings and delve deeper into the cellular response mechanism to LIPUS treatment. Such advancements may aid in tailoring LIPUS treatment strategies to specific therapeutic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanjie Ye
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Zitong Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rebekah van Bruggen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xin-Min Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Lin Z, Gao L, Hou N, Zhi X, Zhang Y, Che Z, Deng A. Application of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on tissue resident stem cells: Potential for ophthalmic diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1153793. [PMID: 37008913 PMCID: PMC10063999 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tissue-resident stem cells (TRSCs) have the ability to self-renew and differentiate throughout an individual's lifespan, and they utilize both mechanisms to maintain homeostasis and regenerate damaged tissues. Several studies suggest that these stem cells can serve as a potential source for cell-replacement-based therapy by promoting differentiation or expansion. In recent years, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been demonstrated to effectively stimulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation, promote tissue regeneration, and inhibit inflammatory responses. AIMS To present a comprehensive overview of current application and mechanism of LIPUS on tissue resident stem cells. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science for articles on the effects of LIPUS on tissue resident stem cells and its application. RESULTS The LIPUS could modulate cellular activities such as cell viability, proliferation and differentiation of tissue resident stem cells and related cells through various cellular signaling pathways. Currently, LIPUS, as the main therapeutic ultrasound, is being widely used in the treatment of preclinical and clinical diseases. CONCLUSION The stem cell research is the hot topic in the biological science, while in recent years, increasing evidence has shown that TRSCs are good targets for LIPUS-regulated regenerative medicine. LIPUS may be a novel and valuable therapeutic approach for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. How to further improve its efficiency and accuracy, as well as the biological mechanism therein, will be the focus of future research.
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Min S, Byeon Y, Kim M, Lee Y, Lee SH, Lee Y, Farooqi HMU, Lee HK, Paeng DG. Production enhancement of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells by low-intensity ultrasound stimulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22041. [PMID: 36543825 PMCID: PMC9772213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) enhances the proliferation rate of various mammalian stem cells through mechanical stimulation. This study quantitively finds suitable LIUS stimulation parameters for increasing the proliferation rate of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAdMSCs) for mass production. Various stimulation conditions of LIUS were assessed based on the beam pattern of the ultrasonic transducer and the attenuation of the sound waves. Using optimal LIUS stimulation parameters for enhancing proliferation of hAdMSCs taken from bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay, long-term culture of hAdMSCs was performed for 16 days. The resultant hAdMSCs were characterized for various biomarkers such as CD34-, CD45-, CD73+, CD95+, CD105+ and cytological staining and a cytokine array assay. LIUS stimulation parameters found for enhancing the hAdMSCs proliferation were the frequency of 5 MHz, an intensity of 300 mWcm-2, a duration of 10 min per day, and continuous waves with a 100% duty cycle. The LIUS stimulated hAdMSCs group showed a 3.25-fold increase in the cell number compared to the control group after 16 days of culture. By confirming the effects of quantitatively measured LIUS stimulation on the enhancement of hAdMSCs proliferation, this study may be a foundation for the applications of LIUS stimulation in the industrial-scale production of hAdMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohong Min
- EHL Bio Inc, Gyeonggi, South Korea ,grid.411277.60000 0001 0725 5207Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | | | - Min Kim
- EHL Bio Inc, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Hafiz Muhammad Umer Farooqi
- grid.411277.60000 0001 0725 5207Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | | | - Dong-Guk Paeng
- grid.411277.60000 0001 0725 5207Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea ,grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDepartment of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
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Huang Y, Zhu M, Liu Z, Hu R, Li F, Song Y, Geng Y, Ma W, Song K, Zhang M. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in premature ovarian failure: Mechanisms and prospects. Front Immunol 2022; 13:997808. [PMID: 36389844 PMCID: PMC9646528 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.997808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a common female reproductive disorder and characterized by menopause, increased gonadotropin levels and estrogen deficiency before the age of 40 years old. The etiologies and pathogenesis of POF are not fully clear. At present, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the main treatment options for POF. It helps to ameliorate perimenopausal symptoms and related health risks, but can't restore ovarian function and fertility fundamentally. With the development of regenerative medicine, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have shown great potential for the recovery of ovarian function and fertility based on the advantages of abundant sources, high capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, low immunogenicity and less ethical considerations. This systematic review aims to summarize the possible therapeutic mechanisms of BMSCs for POF. A detailed search strategy of preclinical studies and clinical trials on BMSCs and POF was performed on PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Embase database. A total of 21 studies were included in this review. Although the standardization of BMSCs need more explorations, there is no doubt that BMSCs transplantation may represent a prospective therapy for POF. It is hope to provide a theoretical basis for further research and treatment for POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengdi Zhu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Runan Hu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yufan Song
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuli Geng
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenwen Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kunkun Song
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Mingmin Zhang, ; Kunkun Song,
| | - Mingmin Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Mingmin Zhang, ; Kunkun Song,
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Xia P, Shi Y, Wang X, Li X. Advances in the application of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound to mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:214. [PMID: 35619156 PMCID: PMC9137131 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stem cells that exhibit self-renewal capacity and multi-directional differentiation potential. They can be extracted from the bone marrow and umbilical cord, as well as adipose, amnion, and other tissues. They are widely used in tissue engineering and are currently considered an important source of cells in the field of regenerative medicine. Since certain limitations, such as an insufficient cell source, mature differentiation, and low transplantation efficiency, are still associated with MSCs, researchers have currently focused on improving the efficacy of MSCs. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has mechanical, cavitation, and thermal effects that can produce different biological effects on organs, tissues, and cells. It can be used for fracture treatment, cartilage repair, and stem cell applications. An in-depth study of the role and mechanism of action of LIPUS in MSC treatment would promote our understanding of LIPUS and promote research in this field. In this article, we have reviewed the progress in research on the use of LIPUS with various MSCs and comprehensively discussed the progress in the use of LIPUS for promoting the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of MSCs, as well as its future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Xueping Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
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Biophysical and Biomechanical Effect of Low Intensity US Treatments on Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma 3D Cultures. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Current developments in medical technology have focused on therapeutic treatments that selectively and effectively address specific pathological areas, minimizing side effects on healthy tissues. In this regard, many procedures have been developed to provide non-invasive therapy, for example therapeutic ultrasound (US). In the medical field, in particular in cancer research, it has been observed how ultrasounds can cause cell death and inhibit cell proliferation of cancer cells, while preserving healthy ones with almost negligible side effects. Various studies have shown that low intensity pulse ultrasound (LIPUS) and low intensity continuous ultrasound (LICUS) regulate the proliferation, cell differentiation and cavitation phenomena. Nowadays, there are poorly known aspects of low intensity US treatment, in terms of biophysical and biomechanical effects on target cells. The aim of this study is to set up an innovative apparatus for US treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, monitoring parameters such as acoustic intensity, acoustic pressure, stimulation frequency and treatment protocol. To this purpose, we have developed a custom-made set up for the US stimulation at 1.2 and 3 MHz of tridimensional (3D) cultures of PDAC cells (PANC-1, Mia Paca-2 and BxPc3 cells). Images of the 3D cultures were acquired, and the Calcein/PI assay was applied to detect US-induced cell death. Overall, the setup we have presented paves the way to an innovative protocol for tumor treatment. The system can be used either alone or in combination with small molecules or recombinant antibodies in order to propose a novel combined therapeutic approach.
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Bispo DSC, Jesus CSH, Marques IMC, Romek KM, Oliveira MB, Mano JF, Gil AM. Metabolomic Applications in Stem Cell Research: a Review. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2003-2024. [PMID: 34131883 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the use of metabolomics to study stem cell (SC) characteristics and function, excluding SCs in cancer research, suited to a fully dedicated text. The interest in employing metabolomics in SC research has consistently grown and emphasis is, here, given to developments reported in the past five years. This text informs on the existing methodologies and their complementarity regarding the information provided, comprising untargeted/targeted approaches, which couple mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with multivariate analysis (and, in some cases, pathway analysis and integration with other omics), and more specific analytical approaches, namely isotope tracing to highlight particular metabolic pathways, or in tandem microscopic strategies to pinpoint characteristics within a single cell. The bulk of this review covers the existing applications in various aspects of mesenchymal SC behavior, followed by pluripotent and neural SCs, with a few reports addressing other SC types. Some of the central ideas investigated comprise the metabolic/biological impacts of different tissue/donor sources and differentiation conditions, including the importance of considering 3D culture environments, mechanical cues and/or media enrichment to guide differentiation into specific lineages. Metabolomic analysis has considered cell endometabolomes and exometabolomes (fingerprinting and footprinting, respectively), having measured both lipid species and polar metabolites involved in a variety of metabolic pathways. This review clearly demonstrates the current enticing promise of metabolomics in significantly contributing towards a deeper knowledge on SC behavior, and the discovery of new biomarkers of SC function with potential translation to in vivo clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S C Bispo
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina S H Jesus
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês M C Marques
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Katarzyna M Romek
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana B Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M Gil
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Savchenko O, Xing J, Burrell M, Burrell R, Chen J. Impact of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on the growth of Schizochytrium sp. for omega-3 production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:319-328. [PMID: 32949158 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Schizochytrium sp. is a microalga that is known for its high content of oils or lipids. It has a high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the accumulated oil, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA is an important additive for the human diet. Large-scale production of Schizochytrium sp. can serve as an alternative source of DHA for humans as well as for fish feed, decreasing the burden on aqua systems. Therefore, research on improving the productivity of Schizochytrium attracts a lot of attention. We studied the potential of using low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in the growth cycle of Schizochytrium sp. in shake flasks. Different intensities and treatment durations were tested. A positive effect of LIPUS on biomass accumulation was observed in the Schizochytrium sp. culture. Specifically, LIPUS stimulation at the ultrasound intensity of 400 mW/cm2 with 20 min per treatment 10 times a day with equal intervals of 2.4 h between the treatments was found to enhance the growth of Schizochytrium biomass most effectively (by up to 20%). Due to the nature of cell division in Schizochytrium sp. which occurs via zoospore formation, LIPUS stimulation was inefficient if applied continuously during all 5 days of the growth cycle. Using microscopy, we studied the interval between zoospore formation in the culture and selected the optimal LIPUS application days (Days 0-1 and Days 4-5 of the 5-day growth cycle). Microscopic images have also shown that LIPUS stimulation enhances zoospore formation in Schizochytrium sp., leading to more active cell division in the culture. This study shows that LIPUS can serve as an additional tool for cost-efficiency improvement in the large-scale production of Schizochytrium as a sustainable and environmentally friendly source of omega-3 (DHA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Savchenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jida Xing
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Robert Burrell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Zhang W, Abdelrasoul GN, Savchenko O, Abdrabou A, Wang Z, Chen J. Ultrasound-assisted magnetic nanoparticle-based gene delivery. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239633. [PMID: 32970723 PMCID: PMC7514102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted gene delivery is important in biomedical research and applications. In this paper, we synergistically combine non-viral chemical materials, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and a physical technique, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), to achieve efficient and targeted gene delivery. The MNPs are iron oxide super-paramagnetic nanoparticles, coated with polyethyleneimine (PEI), which makes a high positive surface charge and is favorable for the binding of genetic materials. Due to the paramagnetic properties of the MNPs, the application of an external magnetic field increases transfection efficiency while LIPUS stimulation enhances cell viability and permeability. We found that stimulation at the intensity of 30 mW/cm2 for 10 minutes yields optimal results with a minimal adverse effect on the cells. By combining the effect of the external magnetic field and LIPUS, the genetic material (GFP or Cherry Red plasmid) can enter the cells. The flow cytometry results showed that by using just a magnetic field to direct the genetic material, the transfection efficiency on HEK 293 cells that were treated by our MNPs was 56.1%. Coupled with LIPUS stimulation, it increased to 61.5% or 19% higher than the positive control (Lipofectamine 2000). Besides, compared with the positive control, our method showed less toxicity. Cell viability after transfection was 63.61%, which is 19% higher than the standard transfection technique. In conclusion, we designed a new gene-delivery method that is affordable, targeted, shows low-toxicity, yet high transfection efficiency, compared to other conventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Gaser N Abdelrasoul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Abdalla Abdrabou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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