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Lu H, Zhao H, Zhong T, Chen D, Wu Y, Xie Z. Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms Affecting Fruit Aroma. Foods 2024; 13:1870. [PMID: 38928811 PMCID: PMC11203305 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aroma, an important quality characteristic of plant fruits, is produced by volatile organic compounds (VOCs), mainly terpenes, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, ketones, and other secondary metabolites, in plant cells. There are significant differences in the VOC profile of various fruits. The main pathways involved in the synthesis of VOCs are the terpenoid, phenylalanine, and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, which involve several key enzyme-encoding genes, transcription factors (TFs), and epigenetic factors. This paper reviews the main synthetic pathways of the main volatile components in fruit, summarizes studies on the regulation of aroma formation by key genes and TFs, summarizes the factors affecting the fruit aroma formation, describes relevant studies on the improvement of fruit flavor quality, and finally proposes potential challenges and prospects for future research directions. This study provides a theoretical basis for the further precise control of fruit aroma quality and variety improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Lu
- College of Urban Construction, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (H.L.); (H.Z.); (T.Z.); (D.C.)
| | - Hongfei Zhao
- College of Urban Construction, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (H.L.); (H.Z.); (T.Z.); (D.C.)
| | - Tailin Zhong
- College of Urban Construction, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (H.L.); (H.Z.); (T.Z.); (D.C.)
| | - Danwei Chen
- College of Urban Construction, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (H.L.); (H.Z.); (T.Z.); (D.C.)
| | - Yaqiong Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhengwan Xie
- School of Tea and Coffee, Puer University, Puer 665000, China
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Franzoni G, Spadafora ND, Sirangelo TM, Ferrante A, Rogers HJ. Biochemical and molecular changes in peach fruit exposed to cold stress conditions. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2023; 3:24. [PMID: 37953307 PMCID: PMC10641970 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Storage or transportation temperature is very important for preserving the quality of fruit. However, low temperature in sensitive fruit such as peach can induce loss of quality. Fruit exposed to a specific range of temperatures and for a longer period can show chilling injury (CI) symptoms. The susceptibility to CI at low temperature varies among cultivars and genetic backgrounds. Along with agronomic management, appropriate postharvest management can limit quality losses. The importance of correct temperature management during postharvest handling has been widely demonstrated. Nowadays, due to long-distance markets and complex logistics that require multiple actors, the management of storage/transportation conditions is crucial for the quality of products reaching the consumer.Peach fruit exposed to low temperatures activate a suite of physiological, metabolomic, and molecular changes that attempt to counteract the negative effects of chilling stress. In this review an overview of the factors involved, and plant responses is presented and critically discussed. Physiological disorders associated with CI generally only appear after the storage/transportation, hence early detection methods are needed to monitor quality and detect internal changes which will lead to CI development. CI detection tools are assessed: they need to be easy to use, and preferably non-destructive to avoid loss of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Franzoni
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Natasha Damiana Spadafora
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Maria Sirangelo
- ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development-Division Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Hilary J Rogers
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
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Duan W, Yang C, Cao X, Wei C, Chen K, Li X, Zhang B. Chilling-induced peach flavor loss is associated with expression and DNA methylation of functional genes. J Adv Res 2023; 53:17-31. [PMID: 36496174 PMCID: PMC10658238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Flavor is a major contributor to consumer preference. Despite being effective at extending the fruit's commercial life, cold storage also results in a significant loss of flavor volatiles. To date, there has been few studies on the metabolic dynamics and the mechanism underlying the regulatory networks that modulate flavor loss during cold storage for fruit. METHODS The volatile contents were detected by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify structure genes and transcription factors (TFs). DNA methylation was analyzed by whole-genome methylation sequencing during cold storage. RESULTS We generated a temporal map, over hourly to weekly timescales, for the effects of chilling on flavor volatiles by combining metabolome, transcriptome, and DNA methylome in peach fruit. Based on the big data analysis, we developed a regulatory network for volatile formation and found that a decrease in volatiles during cold storage was significantly correlated with a decrease in the expression of synthesis genes. Moreover, TFs associated with these structure genes were identified. Expression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis was reduced while cold tolerance pathway was activated in response to low temperature. Functions of those genes were confirmed through transgenic experiments and across peach cultivars, suggesting our dataset is a useful tool for elucidating regulatory factors that have not yet been clarified in relation to flavor and cold tolerance. Genome wide DNA methylation was induced by chilling and peaked at 7 d followed by a decline during 28 d cold storage. Reduction of gene expression was accompanied by major changes in the methylation status of their promoters, including PpACS1, PpAAT1, PpTPS3 and PpMADS2. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the mechanism for chilling-induced flavor loss of peach fruit through time-course transcriptome and DNA methylome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Duan
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Can Yang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiangmei Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunyan Wei
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xian Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Morden Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyin 276000, China.
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Nishikido Y, Sekimoto K. Analysis of Volatile Esters and Alkanoic Acids by an Atmospheric Pressure Corona Discharge Ionization Collision-Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry in Positive-Ion Mode: Ionization, Fragmentation Patterns, and Discrimination between Isomeric Compounds. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2023; 12:A0127. [PMID: 37538446 PMCID: PMC10394427 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ionization and fragmentation patterns of 24 compounds with elemental composition of CmH2mO2, including isomeric esters and alkanoic acids, were investigated by atmospheric pressure corona discharge ionization collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry in the positive-ion mode. All compounds were ionized as protonated molecules and NH4+ adducts. In addition, fragment ions were observed in mass spectra of esters other than methyl esters, which are owing to the dissociation of the alkyl group in the alcohol side from the protonated molecules. In CID spectra, protonated alkanoic acids/methyl esters split off H2O/CH3OH and CO or the alkyl group in the acid side, depending on the carbon chain length. Protonated esters (other than methyl esters) mainly fragmented the alkyl group in the alcohol side. These general rules on ionization and fragmentation patterns can provide relevant information on the discrimination of isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Nishikido
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22–2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236–0027, Japan
| | - Kanako Sekimoto
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22–2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236–0027, Japan
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Ge YH, Li X, Huang M, Huang Z, Wu M, Sun B, Wang L, Wu JL, Li N. Aroma correlation assisted volatilome coupled network analysis strategy to unveil main aroma-active volatiles of Rosa roxburghii. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112819. [PMID: 37254394 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the main aroma-active volatiles out from comprehensive chemical profile, we proposed an aroma correlation assisted volatilome coupled network analysis strategy and applied it to the study of Rosa roxburghii. Based on 475 detected volatiles with GC × GC-TOF/MS analysis, the volatilome was screened with both positive aroma activities and high contents to discover some aliphatic acids, alcohols, aldehydes and esters, terpenoids as well as some alkenes and ketones. Especially, a series of homologous C6- and C8- acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters as well as some terpenoids like limonene take the predominant contributions to the aromas. Moreover, two aroma-active and aroma-contributing volatile groups including acid-aldehyde-alcohol-ester and terpenoid groups were clustered to integrally be responsible for the major aromas of R. roxburghii with network analysis. Additionally, the accumulation of C6- and C8-family homologous aliphatic volatiles was also elucidated with linoleic and linolenic acid derived pathways. This strategy is practical to investigate the main aroma-active volatiles based on volatilome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mingzheng Huang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhengxu Huang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Manman Wu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lishuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macau, China.
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macau, China.
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Ferrari M, Muto A, Bruno L, Muzzalupo I, Chiappetta A. Modulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis-Related Genes during the Ripening of Olea europaea L. cvs Carolea and Tondina Drupes in Relation to Environmental Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108770. [PMID: 37240115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins protect plants against various biotic and abiotic stresses, and anthocyanin-rich foods exert benefits on human health due to their antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, little information is available on the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the anthocyanin content in olive fruits. Based on this consideration, the total anthocyanin content, the genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, and three putative R2R3-MYB transcription factors were evaluated at different ripening stages in the drupes of the Carolea and Tondina cultivars, sampled at different altitudes in the Calabria region, Italy. During drupe ripening, the total anthocyanin content and the transcript levels of analyzed genes gradually increased. In line with the anthocyanin content, a different level of expression of anthocyanin structural genes was observed in 'Carolea' compared to 'Tondina', and in relation to the cultivation area. Furthermore, we identified Oeu050989.1 as a putative R2R3-MYB involved in the regulation of anthocyanin structural genes correlated with the environmental temperature change response. We conclude that anthocyanin accumulation is strongly regulated by development, genotype, and also by environmental factors such as temperature, associated with the altitude gradient. The obtained results contribute to reducing the current information gap regarding the molecular mechanisms on anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation related to the environmental conditions in Olea europaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ferrari
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Antonella Muto
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bruno
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Innocenzo Muzzalupo
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis, Forestry and Wood Research Center, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Adriana Chiappetta
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Muto A, Bruno L, Madeo ML, Ludlow R, Ferrari M, Stimpson L, LoGiudice C, Picardi E, Ferrante A, Pasti L, Müller CT, Chiappetta AAC, Rogers HJ, Bitonti MB, Spadafora ND. Comparative transcriptomic profiling of peach and nectarine cultivars reveals cultivar-specific responses to chilled postharvest storage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1062194. [PMID: 36507427 PMCID: PMC9733835 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1062194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch,) and nectarine fruits (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, var nectarine), are characterized by a rapid deterioration at room temperature. Therefore, cold storage is widely used to delay fruit post-harvest ripening and extend fruit commercial life. Physiological disorders, collectively known as chilling injury, can develop typically after 3 weeks of low-temperature storage and affect fruit quality. METHODS A comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed to identify regulatory pathways that develop before chilling injury symptoms are detectable using next generation sequencing on the fruits of two contrasting cultivars, one peach (Sagittaria) and one nectarine, (Big Top), over 14 days of postharvest cold storage. RESULTS There was a progressive increase in the number of differentially expressed genes between time points (DEGs) in both cultivars. More (1264) time point DEGs were identified in 'Big Top' compared to 'Sagittaria' (746 DEGs). Both cultivars showed a downregulation of pathways related to photosynthesis, and an upregulation of pathways related to amino sugars, nucleotide sugar metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction with ethylene pathways being most affected. Expression patterns of ethylene related genes (including biosynthesis, signaling and ERF transcription factors) correlated with genes involved in cell wall modification, membrane composition, pathogen and stress response, which are all involved later during storage in development of chilling injury. DISCUSSION Overall, the results show that common pathways are activated in the fruit of 'Big Top' nectarine and 'Sagittaria' peach in response to cold storage but include also differences that are cultivar-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Muto
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bruno
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Madeo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Richard Ludlow
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Ferrari
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Louise Stimpson
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio LoGiudice
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Ernesto Picardi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Department of Environment and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Hilary J. Rogers
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Beatrice Bitonti
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Natasha Damiana Spadafora
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Greco M, Spadafora N, Shine M, Smith A, Muto A, Muzzalupo I, Chiappetta A, Bruno L, Müller C, Rogers H, Bitonti MB. Identifying volatile and non-volatile organic compounds to discriminate cultivar, growth location, and stage of ripening in olive fruits and oils. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4500-4513. [PMID: 35122271 PMCID: PMC9541169 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing consumer demand for olive oil to be traceable. However, genotype, environmental factors, and stage of maturity, all affect the flavor and composition of both the olives and olive oil. Few studies have included all three variables. Key metabolites include lipids, phenolics, and a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which provide the olives and oil with their characteristic flavor. Here we aim to identify markers that are able to discriminate between cultivars, that can identify growth location, and can discriminate stages of fruit maturity. 'Nocellara messinese' and 'Carolea' olive fruits were grown at three locations differing in altitude in Calabria, Italy, and harvested at three stages of maturity. Oil was analyzed from the two most mature stages. RESULTS Nine and 20 characters discriminated all fruit and oil samples respectively, and relative abundance of two fatty acids distinguished all oils. Whole VOC profiles discriminated among the least mature olives, and oil VOC profiles discriminated location and cultivar at both stages. Three VOCs putatively identified as hexanal, methyl acetate, and 3-hexen-1-ol differentiated all samples of oils from the most mature fruit stage. CONCLUSION The results confirm that interactions of location, cultivar and fruit maturity stage are critical for the overall pattern of aroma compounds, and identify potential markers of commercial relevance. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Greco
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth SciencesUniversity of CalabriaArcavacata di RendeItaly
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Natasha Spadafora
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Martin Shine
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Ann Smith
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Antonella Muto
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth SciencesUniversity of CalabriaArcavacata di RendeItaly
| | - Innocenzo Muzzalupo
- Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA‐OFA)RendeItaly
| | - Adriana Chiappetta
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth SciencesUniversity of CalabriaArcavacata di RendeItaly
| | - Leonardo Bruno
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth SciencesUniversity of CalabriaArcavacata di RendeItaly
| | | | | | - M. Beatrice Bitonti
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth SciencesUniversity of CalabriaArcavacata di RendeItaly
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Fruitomics: The Importance of Combining Sensory and Chemical Analyses in Assessing Cold Storage Responses of Six Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) Cultivars. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172554. [PMID: 36076741 PMCID: PMC9455255 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold storage is used to extend peach commercial life, but can affect quality. Quality changes are assessed through the content of nutritionally relevant compounds, aroma, physical characters and/or sensorially. Here, six peach and nectarine cultivars were sampled at commercial harvest and after 7 days of 1 °C storage. A trained panel was used to evaluate sensorial characters, while carotenoids, phenolics, vitamin C, total sugars, and qualitative traits including firmness, titrable acidity and soluble solid content were integrated with volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis previously reported. The different analyses reveal interesting patterns of correlation, and the six cultivars responded differently to cold storage. Sensory parameters were correlated with 64 VOCs and seven intrinsic characters. Acidity, firmness, and 10 VOCs were strongly negatively correlated with harmony and sweetness, but positively correlated with bitterness, astringency, and crunchiness. In contrast, Brix, b-carotene, and six VOCs were positively correlated with harmony and sweetness.
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10
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Cross-Cultural Differences between Italian and UK Consumer Preferences for 'Big Top' Nectarines in Relation to Cold Storage. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162424. [PMID: 36010424 PMCID: PMC9407176 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nectarines are perishable fruits grown in Southern Europe, valued for their sensorial properties. Chilling is used in the supply chain for Northern European consumers, while Southern European consumers can access fresh, locally grown fruit or cold-stored supermarket fruit. Cold storage and fruit ripening affect texture and flavour. Here a consumer survey and hedonic testing compared the appreciation of nectarines (cv. Big Top) in Italy and at two UK sites (n = 359). Fruit was at the commercial harvest stage, or stored at 1 °C or 5 °C for seven days, then sampled after two days’ (Italy and one UK site) or four days’ (second UK site) ambient recovery. In the consumer survey, the most important factors involved in purchase decision were ripeness, texture, colour, taste and price. Named varieties were more important to Italian than UK respondents, whilst ripeness, price, taste, blemishes, aroma, and ‘best before date’ were more important in the UK. In sensory analyses, fruits at the commercial harvest stage were preferred to those stored at 1 °C. Preference for the 5 °C stored peaches depended on recovery time. Distinct clusters of peach sensorial attributes were positively or negatively linked to hedonic rating. Factors important in purchase decisions did not affect hedonic rating in the tasting.
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Spadafora ND, Mascrez S, McGregor L, Purcaro G. Exploring multiple-cumulative trapping solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for quality and authenticity assessment of olive oil. Food Chem 2022; 383:132438. [PMID: 35183954 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the potential of an innovative multi-cumulative trapping headspace solid-phase microextraction approach coupled with untargeted data analysis to enhance the information provided by aroma profiling of virgin olive oil. Sixty-nine samples of different olive oil commercial categories (extra-virgin, virgin and lampante oil) and different geographical origins were analysed using this novel workflow. The results from each sample were aligned and compared using for the first time a tile-based approach to enable the mining of all of the raw data within the chemometrics platform without any pre-processing methods. The data matrix obtained allowed the extraction of multiple-level information from the volatile profile of the samples. Not only was it possible to classify the samples within the commercial category that they belonged to, but the same data also provided interesting information regarding the geographical origin of the extra-virgin olive oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha D Spadafora
- DiBEST, University of Calabria, Via Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 6b, Arcavacata Di Rende, 87036, Italy; Markes International Ltd, 1000B Central Park, Western Avenue, Bridgend, CF31 3RT, UK; Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, n. 46, Ferrara 44121, UK
| | - Steven Mascrez
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux 5030, Belgium
| | - Laura McGregor
- SepSolve Analytical, 4 Swan Court, Peterborough PE7 8GX, UK
| | - Giorgia Purcaro
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux 5030, Belgium.
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Li J, Yan G, Duan X, Zhang K, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Wu C, Zhang X, Tan S, Hua X, Wang J. Research Progress and Trends in Metabolomics of Fruit Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:881856. [PMID: 35574069 PMCID: PMC9106391 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.881856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an indispensable part of modern systems biotechnology, applied in the diseases' diagnosis, pharmacological mechanism, and quality monitoring of crops, vegetables, fruits, etc. Metabolomics of fruit trees has developed rapidly in recent years, and many important research results have been achieved in combination with transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics, quantitative trait locus (QTL), and genome-wide association study (GWAS). These research results mainly focus on the mechanism of fruit quality formation, metabolite markers of special quality or physiological period, the mechanism of fruit tree's response to biotic/abiotic stress and environment, and the genetics mechanism of fruit trait. According to different experimental purposes, different metabolomic strategies could be selected, such as targeted metabolomics, non-targeted metabolomics, pseudo-targeted metabolomics, and widely targeted metabolomics. This article presents metabolomics strategies, key techniques in metabolomics, main applications in fruit trees, and prospects for the future. With the improvement of instruments, analysis platforms, and metabolite databases and decrease in the cost of the experiment, metabolomics will prompt the fruit tree research to achieve more breakthrough results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Yan
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Xuwei Duan
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Kaichun Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanbao Wu
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Shengnan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Analysis and Test Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
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Ferranti A, Hayward T. Group-type quantitative analysis of flavor compounds in ripening avocados. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1737-1745. [PMID: 35247293 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Avocados are a superfood gaining popularity in people's diet. Profiling and quantifying the volatiles associated with flavor can further the understanding of the fruit. However, this is challenging due to the relatively low abundances of volatile compounds. The complex mixtures inherent to avocado flavor can result in co-elutions using classical chromatographic techniques. To overcome these challenges, solid phase microextraction was used to extract and pre-concentrate volatiles, then separated and quantified using two-dimensional gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. This technique enhances separation power and produces well-ordered chromatograms, allowing for templated groupings of compounds of similar chemical composition into regions. Using the flame ionization detector, an average response factor was determined and used for quantification of these templated group-type regions, as well as individual compounds. This group-type quantification improved overall precision of compound classes in 50 avocados by at least a factor of 2, when compared to that of the individual components. Overall, the abundance of associated flavor groups such as terpenes and alcohols decreased, whereas aldehyde groups remained constant throughout ripening. The combination of solid phase microextraction with two-dimensional gas chromatography and group-type quantification allows for an overall better understanding of the volatiles associated with flavor of avocados. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taylor Hayward
- Apeel Sciences, 71 Los Carneros Rd., Goleta, CA, 93117, USA
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Zhang X, Liu T, Zhu S, Wang D, Sun S, Xin L. Short‐term hypobaric treatment alleviates chilling injury by regulating membrane fatty acids metabolism in peach fruit. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14113. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Liu
- Huangdao Customs District P. R. China Qingdao PR China
| | - Shuhua Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an PR China
| | - Dan Wang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology Tai’an PR China
| | - Shan Sun
- Shandong Institute of Pomology Tai’an PR China
| | - Li Xin
- Shandong Institute of Pomology Tai’an PR China
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Sharifi R, Jeon JS, Ryu CM. Belowground plant-microbe communications via volatile compounds. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:463-486. [PMID: 34727189 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds play important roles in rhizosphere biological communications and interactions. The emission of plant and microbial volatiles is a dynamic phenomenon that is affected by several endogenous and exogenous signals. Diffusion of volatiles can be limited by their adsorption, degradation, and dissolution under specific environmental conditions. Therefore, rhizosphere volatiles need to be investigated on a micro and spatiotemporal scale. Plant and microbial volatiles can expand and specialize the rhizobacterial niche not only by improving the root system architecture such that it serves as a nutrient-rich shelter, but also by inhibiting or promoting the growth, chemotaxis, survival, and robustness of neighboring organisms. Root volatiles play an important role in engineering the belowground microbiome by shaping the microbial community structure and recruiting beneficial microbes. Microbial volatiles are appropriate candidates for improving plant growth and health during environmental challenges and climate change. However, some technical and experimental challenges limit the non-destructive monitoring of volatile emissions in the rhizosphere in real-time. In this review, we attempt to clarify the volatile-mediated intra- and inter-kingdom communications in the rhizosphere, and propose improvements in experimental design for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhallah Sharifi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Je-Seung Jeon
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Biosystem and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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Mihaylova D, Popova A, Vrancheva R, Dincheva I. HS-SPME-GC-MS Volatile Profile Characterization of Peach ( Prunus persica L. Batsch) Varieties Grown in the Eastern Balkan Peninsula. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11020166. [PMID: 35050054 PMCID: PMC8778425 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The volatile compounds of eight peach varieties (Prunus persica L.)-"Filina", "Gergana", "Ufo-4", "July lady", "Laskava", "Flat Queen", "Evmolpiya", and "Morsiani 90"-growing in Bulgaria were analyzed for the first time. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and the HS-SPME technique revealed the presence of 65 volatile compounds; the main identified components were aldehydes, esters, and fatty acids. According to the provided principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), the relative quantities of the identified volatile compounds depended on the studied peach variety. The results obtained could be successfully applied for the metabolic chemotaxonomy of peaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasha Mihaylova
- Department of Biotechnology, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Aneta Popova
- Department of Catering and Nutrition, Economics Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Radka Vrancheva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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