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Wang Q, Yang J, Guo Z, Xi D. The predictive role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in coronary artery disease. Am J Med Sci 2024:S0002-9629(24)01316-8. [PMID: 38906376 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The prognosis holds significant implications for the long-term quality of life among patients suffering from coronary artery disease. However, a pressing challenge lies in the absence of reliable biomarkers that can establish a definitive correlation between these biomarkers and the prognosis of coronary artery heart disease. This review paper delves into the critical role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in predicting outcomes in coronary artery disease. It examines the influence of NGAL on various clinical manifestations, including stable angina, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and isolated coronary artery dilation. Furthermore, this review provides recommendations aimed at enhancing the rigor and impact of future research, thereby serving as a valuable reference for subsequent studies in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Yang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xi
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.
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Li X, Li Q, Wang L, Ding H, Wang Y, Liu Y, Gong T. The interaction between oral microbiota and gut microbiota in atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1406220. [PMID: 38932989 PMCID: PMC11199871 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1406220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a complex disease caused by multiple pathological factors threatening human health-the pathogenesis is yet to be fully elucidated. In recent years, studies have exhibited that the onset of AS is closely involved with oral and gut microbiota, which may initiate or worsen atherosclerotic processes through several mechanisms. As for how the two microbiomes affect AS, existing mechanisms include invading plaque, producing active metabolites, releasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inducing elevated levels of inflammatory mediators. Considering the possible profound connection between oral and gut microbiota, the effect of the interaction between the two microbiomes on the initiation and progression of AS has been investigated. Findings are oral microbiota can lead to gut dysbiosis, and exacerbate intestinal inflammation. Nevertheless, relevant research is not commendably refined and a concrete review is needed. Hence, in this review, we summarize the most recent mechanisms of the oral microbiota and gut microbiota on AS, illustrate an overview of the current clinical and epidemiological evidence to support the bidirectional connection between the two microbiomes and AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsi Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal KeyLaboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal KeyLaboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal KeyLaboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huifen Ding
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal KeyLaboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yizhong Wang
- Department of Research & Development, Zhejiang Charioteer Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Taizhou, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal KeyLaboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal KeyLaboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Viet Tran A, To Tran N, Duy Nguyen K, Thi Nguyen D, Hoang Ngo T. Mortality prognosis of NGAL, NTproBNP, hsTnT, and GRACE score in patients with acute coronary syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. HEART & VASCULATURE 2024; 50:101338. [PMID: 38419605 PMCID: PMC10899728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2024.101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Background NGAL serum concentration have predictive value for cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Objectives Assessed the all-cause mortarlity prognosis value of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), combination with N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and hsTnT, and GRACE score in patients with ACS. Materials and methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis study used in this study in 58 patients with ACS. Serum NGAL, NT-proBNP, hs-TnT concentration and GRACE score associated with death events (after 3 months of follow-up) were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results High performance in predicting mortality of NGAL with a cut-off value of 154.55 ng/mL (AUC, 95% CI = 0.96, 0.90 - 1.0; p = 0.001), GRACE score with 140.50 scores (AUC, 95% CI = 0.76, 0.57 - 0.96; p = 0.051). Combination of NTproBNP plus NGAL indicated with the highest value (AUC, 95% CI = 0.96, 0.91 - 1.0; Se = 80.0; Sp = 92.5; p = 0.001). The relative risk assessment indicated a high value in mortality prediction of NGAL with a cut-off value of 154.55 (OR, 95% CI = 49.0, 4.3 - 549.2; p < 0.001), and GRACE score with 140.50 scores (OR, 95% CI = 11.1, 1.1 - 108.4; p = 0.013). Conclusion NGAL can be employed as a biomarker for the early prediction of mortality events in individuals with ACS. The combination of NGAL, NT-proBNP, hsTnT, and GRACE score showed the higher outcome but not worth mentioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Viet Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City 90000, Viet Nam
- Department of Interventional Cardiovascular and Neurology, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Can Tho City 90000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyet To Tran
- Can Tho Cardiovascular Hospital, Can Tho City 90000, Viet Nam
| | - Khue Duy Nguyen
- Department of Interventional Cardiovascular and Neurology, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Can Tho City 90000, Viet Nam
| | - Diem Thi Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City 90000, Viet Nam
| | - Toan Hoang Ngo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City 90000, Viet Nam
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Yazdani AN, Pletsch M, Chorbajian A, Zitser D, Rai V, Agrawal DK. Biomarkers to monitor the prognosis, disease severity, and treatment efficacy in coronary artery disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 21:675-692. [PMID: 37772751 PMCID: PMC10615890 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2023.2264779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a prevalent condition characterized by the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries of the heart. The global burden of CAD has increased significantly over the years, resulting in millions of deaths annually and making it the leading health-care expenditure and cause of mortality in developed countries. The lack of cost-effective strategies for monitoring the prognosis of CAD warrants a pressing need for accurate and efficient markers to assess disease severity and progression for both reducing health-care costs and improving patient outcomes. AREA COVERED To effectively monitor CAD, prognostic biomarkers and imaging techniques play a vital role in risk-stratified patients during acute treatment and over time. However, with over 1,000 potential markers of interest, it is crucial to identify the key markers with substantial utility in monitoring CAD progression and evaluating therapeutic interventions. This review focuses on identifying and highlighting the most relevant markers for monitoring CAD prognosis and disease severity. We searched for relevant literature using PubMed and Google Scholar. EXPERT OPINION By utilizing the markers discussed, health-care providers can improve patient care, optimize treatment plans, and ultimately reduce health-care costs associated with CAD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand N. Yazdani
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766
| | - Michaela Pletsch
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766
| | - Abraham Chorbajian
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766
| | - David Zitser
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766
| | - Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766
| | - Devendra K. Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766
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Matrix metallopeptidase-9 prognostic role in STEMI patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in one-year follow-up period. COR ET VASA 2023. [DOI: 10.33678/cor.2022.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Theofilis P, Sagris M, Antonopoulos AS, Oikonomou E, Tsioufis K, Tousoulis D. Non-Invasive Modalities in the Assessment of Vulnerable Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaques. Tomography 2022; 8:1742-1758. [PMID: 35894012 PMCID: PMC9326642 DOI: 10.3390/tomography8040147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis is a complex, multistep process that may lead to critical complications upon progression, revolving around plaque disruption through either rupture or erosion. Several high-risk features are associated with plaque vulnerability and may add incremental prognostic information. Although invasive imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography or intravascular ultrasound are considered to be the gold standard in the assessment of vulnerable coronary atherosclerotic plaques (VCAPs), contemporary evidence suggests a potential role for non-invasive methods in this context. Biomarkers associated with deleterious pathophysiologic pathways, including inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation, have been correlated with VCAP characteristics and adverse prognosis. However, coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography has been the most extensively investigated technique, significantly correlating with invasive method-derived VCAP features. The estimation of perivascular fat attenuation as well as radiomic-based approaches represent additional concepts that may add incremental information. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has also been evaluated in clinical studies, with promising results through the various image sequences that have been tested. As far as nuclear cardiology is concerned, the implementation of positron emission tomography in the VCAP assessment currently faces several limitations with the myocardial uptake of the radiotracer in cases of fluorodeoxyglucose use, as well as with motion correction. Moreover, the search for the ideal radiotracer and the most adequate combination (CT or MRI) is still ongoing. With a look to the future, the possible combination of imaging and circulating inflammatory and extracellular matrix degradation biomarkers in diagnostic and prognostic algorithms may represent the essential next step for the assessment of high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Theofilis
- 1st Cardiology Department, “Hippokration” General Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.S.); (A.S.A.); (E.O.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marios Sagris
- 1st Cardiology Department, “Hippokration” General Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.S.); (A.S.A.); (E.O.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Alexios S. Antonopoulos
- 1st Cardiology Department, “Hippokration” General Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.S.); (A.S.A.); (E.O.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Cardiology Department, “Hippokration” General Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.S.); (A.S.A.); (E.O.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
- 3rd Cardiology Department, Thoracic Diseases Hospital “Sotiria”, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- 1st Cardiology Department, “Hippokration” General Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.S.); (A.S.A.); (E.O.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Cardiology Department, “Hippokration” General Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.S.); (A.S.A.); (E.O.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
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Kluger NJ, Legget ME. Emerging Biomarkers in Acute Coronary Syndromes - A Pathophysiologic Perspective. Heart Lung Circ 2022; 31:779-786. [PMID: 35283017 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis and prognostication in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is achieved using a combination of clinical factors and biomarkers, notably cardiac troponin and B type natriuretic peptide and its N terminal fragment NT-proBNP. However, there are numerous biomarkers that have been shown to be associated with ACS, with variable incremental utility. This brief review focusses on some promising emerging biomarkers in ACS, discussed according to pathophysiologic mechanism, as well as diagnostic and prognostic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Kluger
- Dept of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ
| | - Malcolm E Legget
- Dept of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ.
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Todorova VK, Wei JY, Makhoul I. Subclinical doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity update: role of neutrophils and endothelium. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4070-4091. [PMID: 34659877 PMCID: PMC8493405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective chemotherapy agent that often causes cardiotoxicity. Despite a number of extensive studies, the risk for DOX cardiotoxicity remains unpredictable. The majority of the studies on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity have been focused on the effects on cardiomyocytes that lead to contractile dysfunction. The roles of systemic inflammation, endothelial injury and neutrophil recruitment, all induced by the DOX, are increasingly recognized as the mechanisms that trigger the development and progression of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. This review explores recent data regarding the possible mechanisms and biomarkers of early subclinical DOX-associated cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina K Todorova
- Division of Medical Oncology/Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jeanne Y Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Issam Makhoul
- Division of Medical Oncology/Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Deng F, Li D, Lei L, Yang Q, Li Q, Wang H, Deng J, Zheng Q, Jiang W. Association between apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio and coronary plaque vulnerability in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: an intravascular optical coherence tomography study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:188. [PMID: 34526013 PMCID: PMC8442358 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 and Apo B are strongly associated with the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, the relationship between the Apo B/A1 ratio and the morphology of coronary vulnerable plaques has not been fully elucidated in patients with ASCVD. Methods A total of 320 patients with ASCVD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled and assigned into acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) group. The morphology of culprit plaque was analyzed by intravascular optical coherence tomography. Association between the Apo B/A1 ratio and coronary vulnerable plaques were evaluated using logistic regression models and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Results The Apo B/A1 ratio was higher in ACS patients than CCS patients (0.77 ± 0.28 vs. 0.64 ± 0.22, P < 0.001) and it was also higher in patients with plaque rupture, erosion or thrombus than those without culprit plaques. The high Apo B/A1 ratio was associated with high percent of vulnerable plaques compared with low ratio group. The Apo B/A1 ratio was negatively related to fibrous cap thickness in lipid-rich plaque (r = − 0.228, P = 0.043). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the Apo B/A1 ratio was an independent factor of plaque rupture, erosion, and thrombus. The area under the ROC curve of the Apo B/A1 ratio for plaque rupture, erosion, and thrombus were 0.632, 0.624, and 0.670 respectively (P < 0.001 for all), which were higher than that of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusions The Apo B/A1 ratio is an independent predictor for plaque rupture, erosion, and thrombus in patients with ASCVD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-021-01381-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxue Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xiwulu 157#, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xiwulu 157#, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xiwulu 157#, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xiwulu 157#, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xiwulu 157#, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xiwulu 157#, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xiwulu 157#, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qiangsun Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xiwulu 157#, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xiwulu 157#, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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Qian C, Jing Y, Xia M, Ye Q. Comprehensive analysis of dysregulated genes associated with atherosclerotic plaque destabilization. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2487-2494. [PMID: 34308657 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211033247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque destabilization is a dominating cause of acute cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. This study aims to identify genetic biomarkers related to atherosclerotic plaque destabilization using bioinformatics. Three transcriptome datasets of human carotid atherosclerotic plaque samples were downloaded from ArrayExpress and Gene Expression Omnibus databases, including E-MATB-2055, E-TABM-190, and GSE120521. With Robust Rank Aggregation analysis, we documented 46 differentially expressed genes between stable and unstable/ruptured plaques. Functional enrichment analysis using DAVID tool demonstrated that these genes were mainly related to biological functions such as extracellular matrix disassembly, collagen catabolic process, response to mechanical stimulus, and PPAR signaling pathway. A protein-protein interaction network for the differentially expressed genes was constructed, and eight pivotal genes (ITGAM, MMP9, PLAUR, CCR1, CD163, CD36, ADAM8, and IL1RN) were obtained from the network with a connective degree > 5. The expression patterns of these hub differentially expressed genes could be verified in atherosclerotic plaque samples with intraplaque hemorrhage. Using gene set variation analysis, the eight genes were integrated to generate an atherosclerotic plaque destabilization score, which showed a high performance in not only discriminating individuals with myocardial infarction from those with stable coronary illness, but also in predicting future acute cardiovascular events in atherosclerotic patients. In conclusion, the findings of this study will enhance our knowledge on the pathological mechanisms involved in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization, and provide potential gene biomarkers for risk stratification of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yuling Jing
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Meng Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qiang Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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