1
|
Khalil S, Cavagnero KJ, Williams MR, O'Neill A, Nakatsuji T, Gallo RL. Regulation of Epidermal Ferritin Expression Influences Systemic Iron Homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:84-95.e3. [PMID: 37544587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Absorption of dietary iron is largely regulated by the liver hormone hepcidin, which is released under conditions of iron overload and inflammation. Although hepcidin-dependent regulation of iron uptake and circulation is well-characterized, recent studies have suggested that the skin may play an important role in iron homeostasis, including transferrin receptor-mediated epidermal iron uptake and direct hepcidin production by keratinocytes. In this study, we characterized direct keratinocyte responses to conditions of high and low iron. We observed potent iron storage capacity by keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo and the effects of iron on epidermal differentiation and gene expression associated with inflammation and barrier function. In mice, systemic iron was observed to be coupled to epidermal iron content. Furthermore, topical inflammation, as opposed to systemic inflammation, resulted in a primary iron-deficiency phenotype associated with low liver hepcidin. These studies suggest a role for keratinocytes and epidermal iron storage as regulators of iron homeostasis with direct contribution by the cutaneous inflammatory state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Khalil
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kellen J Cavagnero
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael R Williams
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alan O'Neill
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Teruaki Nakatsuji
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dufrusine B, Valentinuzzi S, Bibbò S, Damiani V, Lanuti P, Pieragostino D, Del Boccio P, D’Alessandro E, Rabottini A, Berghella A, Allocati N, Falasca K, Ucciferri C, Mucedola F, Di Perna M, Martino L, Vecchiet J, De Laurenzi V, Dainese E. Iron Dyshomeostasis in COVID-19: Biomarkers Reveal a Functional Link to 5-Lipoxygenase Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:15. [PMID: 36613462 PMCID: PMC9819889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms. After acute infection, some subjects develop a post-COVID-19 syndrome known as long-COVID. This study aims to recognize the molecular and functional mechanisms that occur in COVID-19 and long-COVID patients and identify useful biomarkers for the management of patients with COVID-19 and long-COVID. Here, we profiled the response to COVID-19 by performing a proteomic analysis of lymphocytes isolated from patients. We identified significant changes in proteins involved in iron metabolism using different biochemical analyses, considering ceruloplasmin (Cp), transferrin (Tf), hemopexin (HPX), lipocalin 2 (LCN2), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Moreover, our results show an activation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in COVID-19 and in long-COVID possibly through an iron-dependent post-translational mechanism. Furthermore, this work defines leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as possible markers of COVID-19 and long-COVID and suggests novel opportunities for prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Dufrusine
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Valentinuzzi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sandra Bibbò
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Verena Damiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ersilia D’Alessandro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Rabottini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Berghella
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Nerino Allocati
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Katia Falasca
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ucciferri
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Mucedola
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Di Perna
- Pneumology Department, “SS Annunziata” Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Martino
- Pneumology Department, “SS Annunziata” Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vecchiet
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Enrico Dainese
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bloomer SA. Hepatic Macrophage Abundance and Phenotype in Aging and Liver Iron Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126502. [PMID: 35742946 PMCID: PMC9223835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver macrophages serve important roles in iron homeostasis through phagocytosis of effete erythrocytes and the export of iron into the circulation. Conversely, intracellular iron can alter macrophage phenotype. Aging increases hepatic macrophage number and nonparenchymal iron, yet it is unknown whether age-related iron accumulation alters macrophage number or phenotype. To evaluate macrophages in a physiological model of iron loading that mimicked biological aging, young (6 mo) Fischer 344 rats were given one injection of iron dextran (15 mg/kg), and macrophage number and phenotype were evaluated via immunohistochemistry. A separate group of old (24 mo) rats was treated with 200 mg/kg deferoxamine every 12 h for 4 days. Iron administration to young rats resulted in iron concentrations that matched the values and pattern of tissue iron deposition observed in aged animals; however, iron did not alter macrophage number or phenotype. Aging resulted in significantly greater numbers of M1 (CD68+) and M2 (CD163+) macrophages in the liver, but neither macrophage number nor phenotype were affected by deferoxamine. Double-staining experiments demonstrated that both M1 (iNOS+) and M2 (CD163+) macrophages contained hemosiderin, suggesting that macrophages of both phenotypes stored iron. These results also suggest that age-related conditions other than iron excess are responsible for the accumulation of hepatic macrophages with aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Bloomer
- Division of Science and Engineering, Penn State Abington, 1600 Woodland Rd, Abington, PA 19001, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen S, Zhu JY, Zang X, Zhai YZ. The Emerging Role of Ferroptosis in Liver Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:801365. [PMID: 34970553 PMCID: PMC8713249 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.801365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death mediated by iron-dependent lipid peroxide. The disturbance of iron metabolism, imbalance of the amino acid antioxidant system, and lipid peroxide accumulation are considered distinct fingerprints of ferroptosis. The dysregulation of ferroptosis has been intensively studied in recent years due to its participation in various diseases, including cancer, kidney injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, increasing evidence indicates that ferroptosis plays different roles in a wide spectrum of liver diseases. On the one hand, inhibiting ferroptosis may counteract the pathophysiological progression of several liver diseases, such as alcoholic liver injury, nonalcoholic steatosis hepatitis and fibrosis. On the other hand, inducing ferroptosis may restrict the emergence of secondary resistance to current medicines, such as sorafenib, for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. Here, we summarize the biological characteristics and regulatory signalling pathways of ferroptosis involved in liver disease. The current available medical agents targeting ferroptosis, including inducers or inhibitors applied in liver diseases, are also reviewed. This work aims to provide new insight into the emerging role of pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches for liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun-Yao Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Evaluating methods and protocols of ferritin-based magnetogenetics. iScience 2021; 24:103094. [PMID: 34622149 PMCID: PMC8479696 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
FeRIC (Ferritin iron Redistribution to Ion Channels) is a magnetogenetic technique that uses radiofrequency (RF) alternating magnetic fields to activate the transient receptor potential channels, TRPV1 and TRPV4, coupled to cellular ferritins. In cells expressing ferritin-tagged TRPV, RF stimulation increases the cytosolic Ca2+ levels via a biochemical pathway. The interaction between RF and ferritin increases the free cytosolic iron levels that, in turn, trigger chemical reactions producing reactive oxygen species and oxidized lipids that activate the ferritin-tagged TRPV. In this pathway, it is expected that experimental factors that disturb the ferritin expression, the ferritin iron load, the TRPV functional expression, or the cellular redox state will impact the efficiency of RF in activating ferritin-tagged TRPV. Here, we examined several experimental factors that either enhance or abolish the RF control of ferritin-tagged TRPV. The findings may help optimize and establish reproducible magnetogenetic protocols.
Collapse
|
6
|
Homma T, Kobayashi S, Conrad M, Konno H, Yokoyama C, Fujii J. Nitric oxide protects against ferroptosis by aborting the lipid peroxidation chain reaction. Nitric Oxide 2021; 115:34-43. [PMID: 34329739 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of iron-dependent necrotic cell death, which is typically triggered by the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), which is associated with increased lipid peroxidation. Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive gaseous radical mediator with anti-oxidation properties that terminates lipid peroxidation reactions. In the current study, we report the anti-ferroptotic action of NOC18, an NO donor that spontaneously releases NO, in cells under various ferroptotic conditions in vitro. Our results indicate that, when mouse hepatoma Hepa 1-6 cells are incubated with NOC18, cell death induced by various ferroptotic stimuli such as cysteine (Cys) starvation, the inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and treatment with tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) is significantly reduced. Treatment with NOC18 failed to improve the decrease in the levels of Cys or GSH and the accumulation of ferrous iron upon ferroptotic stimuli. The fluorescent intensity of C11-BODIPY581/591, a probe that is used to detect lipid peroxidation products, was increased somewhat by treatment with NOC18 under conditions of Cys starvation, and the accumulation of lipid peroxidation end-products, as evidenced by the levels of 4-hydroxynonenal, were effectively suppressed. The pre-incubation of TBHP with NOC7, a short-lived NO donor completely eliminated its ability to trigger ferroptosis. These collective results indicate that NO exerts a cytoprotective action against various ferroptotic stimuli by aborting the lipid peroxidation chain reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Sho Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Ulitsa Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Chikako Yokoyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Duan JY, Lin X, Xu F, Shan SK, Guo B, Li FXZ, Wang Y, Zheng MH, Xu QS, Lei LM, Ou-Yang WL, Wu YY, Tang KX, Yuan LQ. Ferroptosis and Its Potential Role in Metabolic Diseases: A Curse or Revitalization? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:701788. [PMID: 34307381 PMCID: PMC8299754 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.701788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is classified as an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death (RCD) attributed to the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides and redox imbalance. In recent years, accumulating researches have suggested that ferroptosis may play a vital role in the development of diverse metabolic diseases, for example, diabetes and its complications (e.g., diabetic nephropathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and atherosclerosis [AS]), metabolic bone disease and adrenal injury. However, the specific physiopathological mechanism and precise therapeutic effect is still not clear. In this review, we summarized recent advances about the development of ferroptosis, focused on its potential character as the therapeutic target in metabolic diseases, and put forward our insights on this topic, largely to offer some help to forecast further directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yue Duan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Su-Kang Shan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fu-Xing-Zi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu-Shuang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Min Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Lu Ou-Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun-Yun Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke-Xin Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Barbouti A, Lagopati N, Veroutis D, Goulas V, Evangelou K, Kanavaros P, Gorgoulis VG, Galaris D. Implication of Dietary Iron-Chelating Bioactive Compounds in Molecular Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Ageing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:491. [PMID: 33800975 PMCID: PMC8003849 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the prevailing perceptions regarding the ageing of cells and organisms is the intracellular gradual accumulation of oxidatively damaged macromolecules, leading to the decline of cell and organ function (free radical theory of ageing). This chemically undefined material known as "lipofuscin," "ceroid," or "age pigment" is mainly formed through unregulated and nonspecific oxidative modifications of cellular macromolecules that are induced by highly reactive free radicals. A necessary precondition for reactive free radical generation and lipofuscin formation is the intracellular availability of ferrous iron (Fe2+) ("labile iron"), catalyzing the conversion of weak oxidants such as peroxides, to extremely reactive ones like hydroxyl (HO•) or alcoxyl (RO•) radicals. If the oxidized materials remain unrepaired for extended periods of time, they can be further oxidized to generate ultimate over-oxidized products that are unable to be repaired, degraded, or exocytosed by the relevant cellular systems. Additionally, over-oxidized materials might inactivate cellular protection and repair mechanisms, thus allowing for futile cycles of increasingly rapid lipofuscin accumulation. In this review paper, we present evidence that the modulation of the labile iron pool distribution by nutritional or pharmacological means represents a hitherto unappreciated target for hampering lipofuscin accumulation and cellular ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Barbouti
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.L.); (D.V.); (K.E.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Dimitris Veroutis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.L.); (D.V.); (K.E.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Vlasios Goulas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Lemesos, Cyprus;
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.L.); (D.V.); (K.E.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Panagiotis Kanavaros
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.L.); (D.V.); (K.E.); (V.G.G.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Galaris
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Homma T, Kobayashi S, Sato H, Fujii J. Superoxide produced by mitochondrial complex III plays a pivotal role in the execution of ferroptosis induced by cysteine starvation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 700:108775. [PMID: 33493440 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of iron-dependent, non-apoptotic cell death, which is typically induced by cysteine starvation or by the inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity with the accompanying elevation in lipid peroxidation product levels. Despite the central role of mitochondria in oxidative metabolism and hence, as main sources of superoxide, the issue of whether mitochondrial superoxide participates in the execution of ferroptosis remains unclear. To gain additional insights into this issue, we employed suppressors of the site IQ electron leak (S1QEL) and suppressors of the site IIIQo electron leak (S3QEL), small molecules that suppress mitochondrial superoxide production from complex I and III, respectively. The findings indicate that S3QEL, but not S1QEL, significantly protected mouse hepatoma Hepa 1-6 cells from lipid peroxidation and the subsequent ferroptosis induced by cysteine (Cys) starvation (cystine deprivation from culture media or xCT inhibition by erastin). The intracellular levels of Cys and GSH remained low irrespective of life or death. Moreover, S3QEL also suppressed ferroptosis in xCT-knockout mouse-derived embryonic fibroblasts, which usually die under conventional cultivating conditions due to the absence of intracellular Cys and GSH. Although it has been reported that erastin induces the hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, no correlation was observed between hyperpolarization and cell death in xCT-knockout cells. Collectively, these results indicate that superoxide production from complex III plays a pivotal role in the ferroptosis that is induced by Cys starvation, suggesting that protecting mitochondria is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of multiple diseases featuring ferroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Sho Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Hideyo Sato
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8518, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|