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Bellal S, Kammerer-Jacquet SF, Rioux-Leclercq N. [2022 WHO classification of renal cell carcinomas: Focus on papillary renal cell carcinoma]. Ann Pathol 2024:S0242-6498(24)00092-0. [PMID: 38729793 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) represent a group of heterogeneous tumors whose classification has greatly evolved since 1981. The latest update in 2022 classifies all renal cell carcinomas into six categories according to their morphology or the detection of specific molecular alterations. Molecular disassembly of renal cell carcinomas with papillary features has enabled the identification of new entities characterized by a specific molecular alteration, such as Fumarate Hydratase (FH) deficient RCC, TFE3-rearranged RCC or TFEB-altered RCC. This new classification allows for a more accurate diagnosis but requires a thorough knowledge of the genomic alterations to search for with immunohistochemical or molecular biology techniques. According to the new WHO 2022 classification, papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRC) type 1 or type 2 classification is no longer recommended. A classification based on nucleolar ISUP grade must be preferred: low-grade PRC (ISUP 1-2) or high-grade PRC (ISUP 3-4). The other prognostic factors remain the same: the pTNM stage, lymphovascular invasion, and the presence or absence of dedifferentiated areas referring to sarcomatoid or rhabdoid features. Of note, the presence of necrosis is not currently recognized as a poor prognostic element for this type of carcinoma. The diagnosis of high-grade PRC is from now on a diagnosis of exclusion. It can only be sustained after having ruled out TFE3-rearranged RCC, TFEB-altered RCC, and FH-deficient RCC. For clinicians, the diagnosis of PRC implies suggesting an oncogenetic consultation to screen for an associated genetic tumor syndrome regardless of the patient's age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bellal
- Département de pathologie cellulaire et tissulaire, CHU d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933 Angers cedex 9, France
| | - Solène-Florence Kammerer-Jacquet
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, CHU de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guilloux, 35033 Rennes cedex 9, France
| | - Nathalie Rioux-Leclercq
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, CHU de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guilloux, 35033 Rennes cedex 9, France.
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2
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Guo Q, Li S, Zhu J, Wang Z, Li Z, Wang J, Wen R, Li H. Development and validation of prognostic nomograms for adult with papillary renal cell carcinoma: A retrospective study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2024; 79:100374. [PMID: 38718696 PMCID: PMC11091520 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to create two consensus nomograms for predicting Overall Survival (OS) and Cancer-Specific Survival (CSS) in adults with papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (pRCC). METHODS Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results databases, a retrospective analysis of 1,074 adults with pRCC from 2004 to 2015 was performed. These patients were then randomly divided into two independent cohorts with a ratio of 7:3 (training cohort: 752; validation cohort: 322). In a retrospective analysis of 752 patients from the training cohort, independent prognostic variables affecting OS and CSS were found. R software was used to create prognostic nomograms based on the findings of Cox regression analysis. The performance of the nomograms was assessed using the Concordance Index (C-index), the Area Under Curve (AUC), a calibration curve, and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA). Data from the 107 postoperative pRCC patients at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were used for external validation of the nomogram. RESULTS For OS and CSS, the C-indices and AUCs of the training cohort and the validation cohort indicated that the model had excellent discrimination. The DCA demonstrated that the model was clinically applicable, and the calibration curves in the internal and external validations showed that the model's accuracy was high. CONCLUSION The authors developed and validated a prognostic nomogram that accurately predicted the 3-, 5-, and 8-year OS and CSS of adults with pRCC. Clinicians can use this knowledge to direct the clinical management and counseling of patients with pRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Guo
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Sai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zewei Wang
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Junqi Wang
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rumin Wen
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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3
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Erdem S, Bertolo R, Campi R, Capitanio U, Amparore D, Anceschi U, Mir MC, Roussel E, Pavan N, Carbonara U, Kara O, Klatte T, Marchioni M, Pecoraro A, Muselaers S, Marandino L, Diana P, Borregales L, Palumbo C, Warren H, Wu Z, Calio A, Ciccarese C, Degirmenci E, Aydin R, Rebez G, Schips L, Simone G, Minervini A, Serni S, Ozcan F. The prognostic role of histomorphological subtyping in nonmetastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma after curative surgery: is subtype really irrelevant? A propensity score matching analysis of a multi-institutional real life data. Urol Oncol 2024; 42:163.e1-163.e13. [PMID: 38443238 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The role of histomorphological subtyping is an issue of debate in papillary renal cell carcinoma (papRCC). This multi-institutional study investigated the prognostic role of histomorphological subtyping in patients undergoing curative surgery for nonmetastatic papRCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 1,086 patients undergoing curative surgery were included from a retrospectively collected multi-institutional nonmetastatic papRCC database. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on histomorphological subtyping (type 1, n = 669 and type 2, n = 417). Furthermore, a propensity score-matching (PSM) cohort in 1:1 ratio (n = 317 for each subtype) was created to reduce the effect of potential confounding variables. The primary outcome of the study, the predictive role of histomorphological subtyping on the prognosis (recurrence free survival [RFS], cancer specific survival [CSS] and overall survival [OS]) in nonmetastatic papRCC after curative surgery, was investigated in both overall and PSM cohorts. RESULTS In overall cohort, type 2 group were older (66 vs. 63 years, P = 0.015) and more frequently underwent radical nephrectomy (37.4% vs. 25.6%, P < 0.001) and lymphadenectomy (22.3% vs. 15.1%, P = 0.003). Tumor size (4.5 vs. 3.8 cm, P < 0.001) was greater, and nuclear grade (P < 0.001), pT stage (P < 0.001), pN stage (P < 0.001), VENUSS score (P < 0.001) and VENUSS high risk (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in type 2 group. 5-year RFS (89.6% vs. 74.2%, P < 0.001), CSS (93.9% vs. 84.2%, P < 0.001) and OS (88.5% vs. 78.5%, P < 0.001) were significantly lower in type 2 group. On multivariable analyses, type 2 was a significant predictor for RFS (HR:1.86 [95%CI:1.33-2.61], P < 0.001) and CSS (HR:1.91 [95%CI:1.20-3.04], P = 0.006), but not for OS (HR:1.27 [95%CI:0.92-1.76], P = 0.150). In PSM cohort balanced with age, gender, symptoms at diagnosis, pT and pN stages, tumor grade, surgical margin status, sarcomatoid features, rhabdoid features, and presence of necrosis, type 2 increased recurrence risk (HR:1.75 [95%CI: 1.16-2.65]; P = 0.008), but not cancer specific mortality (HR: 1.57 [95%CI: 0.91-2.68]; P = 0.102) and overall mortality (HR: 1.01 [95%CI: 0.68-1.48]; P = 0.981) CONCLUSIONS: This multiinstitutional study suggested that type 2 was associated with adverse histopathologic outcomes, and predictor of RFS and CSS after surgical treatment of nonmetastatic papRCC, in overall cohort. In propensity score-matching cohort, type 2 remained the predictor of RFS. Eventhough 5th WHO classification for renal tumors eliminated histomorphological subtyping, these findings suggest that subtyping is relevant from the point of prognostic view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcuk Erdem
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; European Association of Urology (EAU), Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands.
| | - Riccardo Bertolo
- European Association of Urology (EAU), Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands; Department of Urology, San Carlo Di Nancy Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Campi
- European Association of Urology (EAU), Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands; Unit of Urological Robotic Surgery and Renal Transplantation, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Umberto Capitanio
- Department of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Amparore
- European Association of Urology (EAU), Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands; School of Medicine, Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Umberto Anceschi
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Eduard Roussel
- European Association of Urology (EAU), Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands; Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicola Pavan
- European Association of Urology (EAU), Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands; Urology Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Umberto Carbonara
- European Association of Urology (EAU), Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands; Unit of Andrology and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Urology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Onder Kara
- Department of Urology, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Tobias Klatte
- Department of Urology, Helios Klinikum Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Michele Marchioni
- European Association of Urology (EAU), Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands; Department of Urology, SS. Annunziata Hospital, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Pecoraro
- European Association of Urology (EAU), Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands; Division of Urology, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Verona, Italy
| | - Stijn Muselaers
- European Association of Urology (EAU), Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands; Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Marandino
- European Association of Urology (EAU), Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands; Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Diana
- European Association of Urology (EAU), Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands; Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Clinic, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Borregales
- European Association of Urology (EAU), Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY
| | - Carlotta Palumbo
- European Association of Urology (EAU), Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands; Division of Urology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Hannah Warren
- European Association of Urology (EAU), Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zhenjie Wu
- European Association of Urology (EAU), Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands; Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anna Calio
- European Association of Urology (EAU), Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands; Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciccarese
- European Association of Urology (EAU), Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, Netherlands; Medical Oncology Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enes Degirmenci
- Department of Urology, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Resat Aydin
- Medical Oncology Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rebez
- Urology Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luigi Schips
- Department of Urology, SS. Annunziata Hospital, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Simone
- School of Medicine, Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Minervini
- Unit of Urological Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Robotic Surgery and Andrology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sergio Serni
- Unit of Urological Robotic Surgery and Renal Transplantation, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Faruk Ozcan
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Coffey NJ, Simon MC. Metabolic alterations in hereditary and sporadic renal cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:233-250. [PMID: 38253811 PMCID: PMC11165401 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Kidney cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer in the world, and its incidence is on the rise. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form and is a heterogeneous disease comprising three major subtypes that vary in their histology, clinical course and driver mutations. These subtypes include clear cell RCC, papillary RCC and chromophobe RCC. Molecular analyses of hereditary and sporadic forms of RCC have revealed that this complex and deadly disease is characterized by metabolic pathway alterations in cancer cells that lead to deregulated oxygen and nutrient sensing, as well as impaired tricarboxylic acid cycle activity. These metabolic changes facilitate tumour growth and survival. Specifically, studies of the metabolic features of RCC have led to the discovery of oncometabolites - fumarate and succinate - that can promote tumorigenesis, moonlighting functions of enzymes, and substrate auxotrophy owing to the disruption of pathways that enable the production of arginine and cholesterol. These metabolic alterations within RCC can be exploited to identify new therapeutic targets and interventions, in combination with novel approaches that minimize the systemic toxicity of metabolic inhibitors and reduce the risk of drug resistance owing to metabolic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Coffey
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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5
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Ullah A, Yasinzai AQK, Daino N, Tareen B, Jogezai ZH, Sadia H, Jamil N, Baloch G, Karim A, Badini K, Wali A, Waheed A, Khan M, Asif B, Kakar K, Heneidi S, Sidhwa F, Karki NR. Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma: Demographics, Survival Analysis, Racial Disparities, and Genomic Landscape. J Kidney Cancer VHL 2023; 10:33-42. [PMID: 38162463 PMCID: PMC10755762 DOI: 10.15586/jkcvhl.v10i4.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is the second most common histological subtype of renal cell cancer. This research aims to present a large database study highlighting the demographic, clinical, and pathological factors, racial disparities, prognosis, and survival of PRCC. The clinical and demographic data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, and molecular data was cured from the Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database. PRCC had a median age of diagnosis at 64 years, with a higher incidence in men (77%), and Whites (68%). 70.3% of cases were Grades I-IV (13, 53, 31, and 3%, respectively). In patients with known data, 85% were localized to the kidney, and 84% of cases were 7 cm in size. No metastasis occurred in 97% of the known data. The most common treatment offered was surgical resection (9%). The 5-year overall survival was 79%, with patients undergoing surgery having a 90.6% 5-year survival. Multivariable analysis revealed age > 60 years, Black race, poor histologic differentiation, distant metastases, and tumor size > 10 cm as independent risk factors for mortality. The most common mutations identified from the COSMIC database were MET, KMT2D, KMT2C, ARID1A, and SPEN. PRCC affects male individuals in the sixth decade of life. Increased age, Black race, distant metastases, and tumors > 10 cm are associated with a worse prognosis. Surgical resection offers a favorable survival outcome. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) could identify potentially targetable alterations and future personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ullah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock , TX, USA
| | | | - Naema Daino
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bisma Tareen
- Department of Medicine, Bolan Medical College, Quetta, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Nimra Jamil
- Department of Medicine, Bolan Medical College, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Girahnaz Baloch
- Department of Medicine, Bolan Medical College, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Adil Karim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Integris Baptist Health, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Agha Wali
- Department of Medicine, Bolan Medical College, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Department of Surgery, San Joaquin General Hospital, French Camp, CA, USA
| | - Marjan Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Bina Asif
- Bannu Medical College, Bannu, Pakistan
| | | | - Saleh Heneidi
- Department of Pathology, Kaiser Permanente South Bay, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Feroze Sidhwa
- Department of Surgery, San Joaquin General Hospital, French Camp, CA, USA
| | - Nabin R Karki
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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6
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Castillo VF, Masoomian M, Trpkov K, Downes M, Brimo F, van der Kwast T, Yousef GM, Zakhary A, Rotondo F, Saad G, Nguyen VN, Kidanewold W, Streutker C, Rowsell C, Hamdani M, Saleeb RM. ABCC2 brush-border expression predicts outcome in papillary renal cell carcinoma: a multi-institutional study of 254 cases. Histopathology 2023; 83:949-958. [PMID: 37680023 DOI: 10.1111/his.15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) histologic subtyping is no longer recommended in the 2022 WHO classification. Currently, WHO/ISUP nucleolar grade is the only accepted prognostic histologic parameter for PRCC. ABCC2, a renal drug transporter, has been shown to significantly predict outcomes in PRCC. In this study we evaluated the prognostic significance of ABCC2 IHC staining patterns in a large, multi-institutional PRCC cohort and assessed the association of these patterns with ABCC2 mRNA expression. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed 254 PRCCs for ABCC2 IHC reactivity patterns that were stratified into negative, cytoplasmic, brush-border <50%, and brush-border ≥50%. RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) was used to determine the transcript level of each group. Survival analysis was performed with SPSS and GraphPad software. RNA-ISH showed that the ABCC2 group with any brush-border staining was associated with a significant increase in the transcript level, when compared to the negative/cytoplasmic group (P = 0.034). Both ABCC2 groups with brush-border <50% (P = 0.024) and brush-border ≥50% (P < 0.001) were also associated with worse disease-free survival (DFS) in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that only ABCC2 IHC brush-border (<50% and ≥50%) reactivity groups (P = 0.037 and P = 0.003, respectively), and high-stage disease (P < 0.001) had a DFS of prognostic significance. In addition, ABCC2 brush-border showed significantly worse DFS in pT1a (P = 0.014), pT1 (P = 0.013), ≤4 cm tumour (P = 0.041) and high stage (P = 0.014) groups, while a similar analysis with high WHO/ISUP grade in these groups was not significant. CONCLUSION ABCC2 IHC brush-border expression in PRCC correlates with significantly higher gene expression and also independently predicts survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Francis Castillo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mehdi Masoomian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kiril Trpkov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Precision Laboratories and University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michelle Downes
- Anatomic Pathology, Precision Diagnostics & Therapeutics Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fadi Brimo
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Theodorus van der Kwast
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George M Yousef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abraam Zakhary
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fabio Rotondo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gina Saad
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vy-Nhan Nguyen
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wondwossen Kidanewold
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine Streutker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Corwyn Rowsell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Malek Hamdani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rola M Saleeb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Audet SE, Koleva E, Alhameedi HN, Ashcroft S, Imran A. Unusual Cutaneous Lesions in a 53-Year-Old Female: A Potential Indicator of Underlying Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cureus 2023; 15:e48783. [PMID: 38098923 PMCID: PMC10719877 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder resulting from mutations in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene. It is characterised by a predisposition to cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) and an aggressive form of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We report the case of a 53-year-old female who presented with an unusual rash in the context of a personal and family history of uterine leiomyomas requiring hysterectomy. A skin biopsy confirmed cutaneous leiomyomas and subsequent genetic testing demonstrated a pathogenic heterozygous mutation on exon 7 of the FH gene, confirming a diagnosis of HLRCC. Due to the recognised association with renal cell carcinoma in this syndrome, abdominal imaging was performed, which excluded RCC, and the patient was commenced on lifelong surveillance with annual abdominal magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Audet
- Dermatology, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon, GBR
| | - Elena Koleva
- Dermatology, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Southend, GBR
| | - Hayder N Alhameedi
- Internal Medicine, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Southend, GBR
| | - Samuel Ashcroft
- Dermatology, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon, GBR
| | - Ayesha Imran
- Dermatology, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Southend, GBR
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8
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Matar S, El Ahmar N, Laimon YN, Ghandour F, Signoretti S. The Role of the Pathologist in Renal Cell Carcinoma Management. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2023; 37:849-862. [PMID: 37258353 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular alterations underlying different types of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), as well as the implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of patients with advanced disease, have significantly expanded the role of pathologists in the management of RCC patients and in the identification of predictive biomarkers that can guide patient treatment. In this chapter, we examine pathologists' evolving role in patient care and the development of precision medicine strategies for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Matar
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nourhan El Ahmar
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yasmin Nabil Laimon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fatme Ghandour
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Merkin Building, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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9
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Bruchbacher A, Netsch C, Gross AJ. [First-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma]. UROLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023:10.1007/s00120-023-02141-1. [PMID: 37410165 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-023-02141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years the first-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma was revolutionized by the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors (CPI). Within a few years several combined modality treatments with CPI and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have proven to be effective and safe in the application. According to the guidelines, up to five different combined modality treatments can now be considered, depending on the risk profile. Based on the current data situation, a direct distinction between the treatments cannot be made as no comparative studies are available. Therefore, the decision for a particular treatment is often guided by individual factors. In particular, a clear processing of the patient with the respective risk factors and tumor identity is essential. Hence, it is all the more important to discuss complex cases in an interdisciplinary tumor board.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bruchbacher
- Abteilung für Urologie, Asklepios Klink Barmbek, Rübenkamp, 22307, Hamburg, Deutschland.
| | - Christopher Netsch
- Abteilung für Urologie, Asklepios Klink Barmbek, Rübenkamp, 22307, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Andreas J Gross
- Abteilung für Urologie, Asklepios Klink Barmbek, Rübenkamp, 22307, Hamburg, Deutschland
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10
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Mikuteit M, Zschäbitz S, Stöhr C, Herrmann E, Polifka I, Agaimy A, Trojan L, Ströbel P, Becker F, Wülfing C, Barth P, Stöckle M, Staehler M, Stief C, Haferkamp A, Hohenfellner M, Duensing S, Macher-Göppinger S, Wullich B, Noldus J, Brenner W, Roos F, Walter B, Otto W, Burger M, Erlmeier M, Schrader AJ, Hartmann A, Erlmeier F, Steffens S. Evaluation of Gas 6 as a Prognostic Marker in Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma. Urol Int 2023; 107:713-722. [PMID: 37348477 PMCID: PMC10413799 DOI: 10.1159/000529898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas 6) is a ligand that plays a role in proliferation and migration of cells. For several tumor entities, high levels of Gas 6 are associated with poorer survival. We examined the prognostic role of Gas 6 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), especially in papillary RCC (pRCC), which is still unclear. METHODS The patients' sample collection is a joint collaboration of the PANZAR consortium. Patients' medical history and tumor specimens were collected from n = 240 and n = 128 patients with type 1 and 2 pRCC, respectively. Expression of Gas 6 was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In total, Gas 6 staining was evaluable in 180 of 240 type 1 and 110 of 128 type 2 pRCC cases. Kaplan-Meier analysis disclosed no significant difference in 5-year overall survival for all pRCC nor either subtype. Also, Gas+ and Gas- groups did not significantly differ in any tumor or patient characteristics. CONCLUSION Gas 6 was not found to be an independent prognostic marker in pRCC. Future studies are warranted to determine if Gas 6 plays a role as prognostic marker or therapeutic target in pRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mikuteit
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Dean’s Office, Curriculum Development, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie Zschäbitz
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center of Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Stöhr
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Edwin Herrmann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Iris Polifka
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lutz Trojan
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank Becker
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University of Saarland (UKS), Homburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wülfing
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Barth
- Department of Urology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Stöckle
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University of Saarland (UKS), Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Staehler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Stief
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Duensing
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Wullich
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim Noldus
- Department of Urology, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Walburgis Brenner
- Clinic for Obstretics and Woman's Health and Department of Urology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Urology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik Roos
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Bernhard Walter
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Otto
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Burger
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Erlmeier
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra Steffens
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Dean’s Office, Curriculum Development, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - German Network of Kidney Cancer
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Dean’s Office, Curriculum Development, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center of Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University of Saarland (UKS), Homburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Urology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Urology, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany
- Clinic for Obstretics and Woman's Health and Department of Urology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Urology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Urology, München Klinik Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
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11
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Lobo J, Ohashi R, Amin MB, Berney DM, Compérat EM, Cree IA, Gill AJ, Hartmann A, Menon S, Netto GJ, Raspollini MR, Rubin MA, Tan PH, Tickoo SK, Tsuzuki T, Turajlic S, Zhou M, Srigley JR, Moch H. WHO 2022 landscape of papillary and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Histopathology 2022; 81:426-438. [PMID: 35596618 DOI: 10.1111/his.14700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary and Male Genital Systems contains relevant revisions and introduces a group of molecularly defined renal tumour subtypes. Herein we present the World Health Organization (WHO) 2022 perspectives on papillary and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma with emphasis on their evolving classification, differential diagnosis, and emerging entities. The WHO 2022 classification eliminated the type 1/2 papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) subcategorization, given the recognition of frequent mixed tumour phenotypes and the existence of entities with a different molecular background within the type 2 pRCC category. Additionally, emerging entities such as biphasic squamoid alveolar RCC, biphasic hyalinising psammomatous RCC, papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity, and Warthin-like pRCC are included as part of the pRCC spectrum, while additional morphological and molecular data are being gathered. In addition to oncocytomas and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC), a category of 'other oncocytic tumours' with oncocytoma/chRCC-like features has been introduced, including emerging entities, most with TSC/mTOR pathway alterations (eosinophilic vacuolated tumour and so-called 'low-grade' oncocytic tumour), deserving additional research. Eosinophilic solid and cystic RCC was accepted as a new and independent tumour entity. Finally, a highly reproducible and clinically relevant universal grading system for chRCC is still missing and is another niche of ongoing investigation. This review discusses these developments and highlights emerging morphological and molecular data relevant for the classification of renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lobo
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (GEBC CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Riuko Ohashi
- Histopathology Core Facility, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mahul B Amin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel M Berney
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Eva M Compérat
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Ian A Cree
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW Health Pathology, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Santosh Menon
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Maria R Raspollini
- Histopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Satish K Tickoo
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Toyonori Tsuzuki
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Samra Turajlic
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John R Srigley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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[Clinicopathological features and prognostic analysis of papillary renal cell carcinoma]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2022; 54. [PMID: 35950382 PMCID: PMC9385512 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognostic characteristics of papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC). METHODS The clinical data of 114 patients with pRCC, including 91 males and 23 females, admitted to the Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital from May 2012 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All the cases were operated patients with clear pathological diagnosis and complete follow-up data. The log-rank test was used to analyze the relationship between the patients' clinicopathological characteristics and survival time, the Kaplan-Meier method to draw survival curves, and the Cox regression model for univariate and multifactorial analysis. RESULTS The mean age of the 114 patients was (57.3±12.6) years. The tumors were located in the left kidney in 49 cases and in the right kidney in 65 cases. In the study, 48 radical nephrectomies and 66 partial nephrectomies were performed, 42 cases were type 1 and 72 cases were type 2, and the mean maximum tumor diameter was (5.5±3.6) cm. pT1a stage 52 cases, pT1b stage 22 cases, pT2 stage 4 cases, pT3 stage 33 cases, and pT4 stage 3 cases were staged. According to the World Health Organization / International Society of Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP), there were 13 cases of gradeⅠ, 44 cases of grade Ⅱ, 51 cases of grade Ⅲ, and 6 cases of grade Ⅳ. And 34 of the 114 patients had vascular cancer embolism, 30 cases had lymph node metastasis, and 3 cases had adrenal metastasis. The median follow-up time after surgery was 22 months, and the 3-year progression-free survival rate was 95.6%. The patients with type 1 and type 2 pRCC showed statistically significant differences in age (P=0.046), body mass index (P=0.008), surgical approach (P=0.001), maximum tumor diameter (P < 0.001), vascular cancer embolism (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), pT stage (P < 0.001), and nuclear grade (P < 0.001). The 3-year progression-free survival rates for type 1 and type 2 pRCC were 100% and 69.4%, respectively, with type 1 having a significantly better prognosis than with type 2 (P=0.003). Univariate analysis of the patients with type 2 pRCC showed that pT stage (P < 0.001), vascular cancer embolism (P < 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001) were strongly associated with their prognosis. Multifactorial analysis showed that vascular cancer embolism was an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival in type 2 pRCC (P=0.001). Univariate analysis of the pRCC patients undergoing radical nephrectomy showed that pT stage (P=0.006), vascular cancer embolism (P=0.001), and lymph node metastasis (P=0.008) were significant factors affecting their prognosis, and further multifactorial analysis showed that only vascular cancer embolism was an indepen-dent prognostic factor for their progression-free survival (P=0.006). CONCLUSION Type 2 pRCC has more morbidity, more lymph node metastases, more advanced pT stage, and higher pathologic grading than type 1 pRCC. The presence of vascular cancer embolism is an independent prognostic factor in patients with type 2 pRCC and pRCC undergoing radical nephrectomy.
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13
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Unique Growth Pattern Presentation of a Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081904. [PMID: 36010254 PMCID: PMC9406930 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is defined by the WHO 2022 classification as a malignant tumor derived from the renal tubular epithelium. However, the WHO 2016 classification subdivided PRCC into two types, with type 1 PRCC showing papillae covered by a single layer of neoplastic cells, and type II PRCC, which can show multiple types of histologies and is more aggressive. The WHO 2022 classification eliminated the subcategorization of PRCC. Here, we present a histopathological case study with a 4-year follow-up diagnosed in 2018 as type I PRCC (WHO 2016) with intra-pyelocalyceal growth pattern in a 59-year-old male patient with a history of Type II diabetes mellitus, left-sided renal–ureteral lithiasis, and benign hypertrophy of the prostate. Microscopically the tumor was composed of small cuboidal cells with inconspicuous nucleoli, arranged on a single layer of tubulo-papillary cores, and scant, foamy macrophages. The tumor had a non-infiltrative, expansive pyelocalyceal growth pattern. Immunohistochemically (IHC), the tumor cells were CK7-intense and diffusely positive, and stained granular for AMACR. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed for the tumor and the normal adjacent tissue for in-depth pathological characterization. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case where a PRCC displays this unique intra-pyelocalyceal growth pattern, mimicking a urothelial cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis system.
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14
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the second most frequent renal cancer subtype and represents 15-20% of all RCC. Classification of pRCC is changing because novel tumour entities have been discovered in the last years. In this review, we summarise recent studies relevant for the understanding of the molecular complexity and the broader differential diagnosis of pRCC. RECENT FINDINGS It has been 25 years ago, that pRCC was morphologically subdivided into type 1 and type 2. Recently described tumour entities in the 2022 WHO classification challenged this concept and allow a new view on the molecular background in pRCC. Biphasic hyalinizing psammomatous RCC and papillary renal neoplasm with reversed polarity are emerging tumour entities derived from the new concept of molecularly defined RCC subtypes. Immune checkpoint inhibition and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been introduced as the new backbone in the first-line treatment of advanced pRCCs. To identify novel targeted treatments for patients with pRCC it is crucial to investigate the specific molecular background of pRCC considering emerging pRCC subtypes. SUMMARY In the future, a deeper understanding of the correlation between molecular aberrations and new pRCC subtypes may improve the classification of pRCC patients and could reveal potential predictive biomarkers for each subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Angori
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - João Lobo
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP)
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr António Bernardino de Almeida
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS–School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Gao Y, Wang X, Wang S, Miao Y, Zhu C, Li C, Huang G, Jiang Y, Li J, Zhao X, Wu X. Differential Diagnosis of Type 1 and Type 2 Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Based on Enhanced CT Radiomics Nomogram. Front Oncol 2022; 12:854979. [PMID: 35719928 PMCID: PMC9204229 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.854979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To construct a contrast-enhanced CT-based radiomics nomogram that combines clinical factors and a radiomics signature to distinguish papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) type 1 from pRCC type 2 tumours. Methods A total of 131 patients with 60 in pRCC type 1 and 71 in pRCC type 2 were enrolled and divided into training set (n=91) and testing set (n=40). Patient demographics and enhanced CT imaging characteristics were evaluated to set up a clinical factors model. A radiomics signature was constructed and radiomics score (Rad-score) was calculated by extracting radiomics features from contrast-enhanced CT images in corticomedullary phase (CMP) and nephrographic phase (NP). A radiomics nomogram was then built by incorporating the Rad-score and significant clinical factors according to multivariate logistic regression analysis. The diagnostic performance of the clinical factors model, radiomics signature and radiomics nomogram was evaluated on both the training and testing sets. Results Three validated features were extracted from the CT images and used to construct the radiomics signature. Boundary blurring as an independent risk factor for tumours was used to build clinical factors model. The AUC value of the radiomics nomogram, which was based on the selected clinical factors and Rad-score, were 0.855 and 0.831 in the training and testing sets, respectively. The decision curves of the radiomics nomogram and radiomics signature in the training set indicated an overall net benefit over the clinical factors model. Conclusion Radiomics nomogram combining clinical factors and radiomics signature is a non-invasive prediction method with a good prediction for pRCC type 1 tumours and type 2 tumours preoperatively and has some significance in guiding clinicians selecting subsequent treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankun Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xingwei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shihui Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical college, Wuhu, China
| | - Yingying Miao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cuiping Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guoquan Huang
- Department of Imaging, Wuhu Second People's Hospital, Wuhu, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jianying Li
- CT Research Center, GE Healthcare China, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xingwang Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Huang Z, Wang H, Ji Z. Giant Polycystic Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:876217. [PMID: 35646650 PMCID: PMC9134105 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.876217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Giant, cystic renal tumors are generally considered relatively contraindicated for laparoscopic surgery. We report on a 19-year-old male, where polycystic lesions in the left kidney were accidentally noted by enhanced computed tomography (CT) by focusing on the diagnostic, clinical, and surgery to the patient. Case Report Enhanced CT scan revealed solid component in multiple cystic lesions of Bosniak IV, which was enhanced after injection of contrast agent and the left kidney lost normal profile and enlarged with maximal diameter more than 18cm. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed SUVmax 4.8 of the lesion and suggested malignant disease. A retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical left nephrectomy was performed successfully without cyst burst and the lesion was 17×17×18 cm in size. Pathological examination revealed that the lesions were consistent with papillary renal cell carcinoma (type 2, WHO grade II), no renal capsule invasion, no renal pelvis and renal sinus fat involvement, no abnormality in ureter and renal arteriovenous end, no abnormality in a few adrenal tissues, chronic inflammation of hilar lymph nodes (0/1). After surgery, no specific treatment was initiated and at a follow-up visit 1 year after surgery, no local recurrence or metastasis was found. Conclusion It is the largest cystic renal cell carcinoma that has ever been reported for laparoscopic resection. The selection of surgery for giant cystic renal cell carcinoma should be individualized. Retroperitoneal laparoscopy may be an option for such lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Huang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Ji
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Erdem S, Capitanio U, Campi R, Mir MC, Roussel E, Pavan N, Kara O, Klatte T, Kriegmair MC, Degirmenci E, Aydin R, Minervini A, Serni S, Berni A, Rebez G, Ozcan F. External validation of the VENUSS prognostic model to predict recurrence after surgery in non-metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma: A multi-institutional analysis. Urol Oncol 2022; 40:198.e9-198.e17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Hong B, Hou H, Chen L, Li Z, Zhang Z, Zhao Q, Du X, Li Y, Ye X, Xu W, Liu M, Zhang N. The Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis in Patients With Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in Chinese Population. Front Oncol 2021; 11:753690. [PMID: 34621685 PMCID: PMC8490919 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.753690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the clinicopathological characteristics of type 1 and type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) and to explore the prognostic factors of PRCC in the Chinese population. Methods A total of 242 patients with PRCC from five Chinese medical centers were retrospectively included. From them, 82 were type 1 PRCC and 160 were type 2 PRCC. Clinicopathological features and oncologic outcomes were reviewed. The Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test were performed to describe the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the prognostic factors of PRCC. Results Of the 242 patients, the average age at surgery was 55.3 ± 13.1 years. The mean tumor size was 5.1 ± 3.1 cm. Compared with type 1 PRCC patients, type 2 PRCC patients had a larger tumor size and were more likely to undergo radical nephrectomy. Besides, type 2 PRCC patients had higher tumor stage (p < 0.001) and WHO International Society of Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) grading (p < 0.001). Furthermore, tumor necrosis was more common in type 2 PRCC than type 1 PRCC (p = 0.030). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the PFS and OS of type 1 PRCC patients were significantly better than those of type 2 PRCC patients (p = 0.0032 and p = 0.0385, respectively). Univariate analysis showed that tumor size, surgical procedures, pT stage, WHO/ISUP grading, and microvascular invasion were significant predictors of PFS and OS for type 2 PRCC patients. In the multivariate analysis, only pT stage (p = 0.004) and WHO/ISUP grading (p = 0.010) were the independent risk factors. Among type 2 PRCC patients with pT1 stage, no significant difference was found in PFS and OS between the partial nephrectomy and radical nephrectomy groups (p = 0.159 and p = 0.239, respectively). Conclusion This multi-institutional study reveals the significant differences in clinicopathological variables and oncologic outcomes between type 1 and 2 PRCC. For type 2 PRCC in pT1 stage, the prognosis of partial nephrectomy is not inferior to that of radical nephrectomy, and nephron-sparing surgery can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Urology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Hou
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingxiao Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Urology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Du
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Urology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiongjun Ye
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wanhai Xu
- Department of Urology, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Urology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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Floranović MP, Petrović AR, Veličković LJ. Expression of the CXCR4 and CXCR7 in renal cancers; can "the orphan receptor" predict the mortality? Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 55:151829. [PMID: 34563828 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CXCR4 and CXCR7 are chemokine receptors that bind with chemokine CXCL12 and influence various physiological and pathological processes. In renal cell carcinoma, their expression has been mostly associated with tumour aggressiveness. However, there are some contradictory results regarding the localization of immunohistochemical staining and predictive potential of these markers. The expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 was immunohistochemicaly analyzed in 98 tumour samples, including 85 clear cell type (ccRCC) and 13 papillary type (pRCC). Depending on the staining localization (cytoplasmatic or membranous), intensity and percentage of stained cells, histoscores were calculated, and their association with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. PRCC was associated with both CXCR7 and CXCR4 cytoplasmatic expression. We have also found that higher CXCR7 expression can be expected in tumours of greater size. In our study, mortality could be predicted by membranous CXCR7 histoscore, tumour size and pRCC type. With each centimetre in tumour size, survival decreases 1.2 times. CXCR7M histoscore higher by 50 units was associated with 1.5 greater risk of mortality. Neither membranous nor cytoplasmatic CXCR4 histoscore was found to be mortality predictor. Our data showed that CXCR7 could be considered as a valid prognostic marker regarding survival of RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Potić Floranović
- Scientific Research Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Zoran Đinđić Boulevard 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Ana Ristić Petrović
- Pathology and Pathological Anatomy Center - Clinical Center of Niš, Zoran Đinđić Boulevard 48, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Ljubinka Janković Veličković
- Pathology and Pathological Anatomy Center - Clinical Center of Niš, Zoran Đinđić Boulevard 48, 18000 Niš, Serbia
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Xiong S, Zhu W, Li X, Yu Y, Yang K, Zhang L, Mi Y, Li X, Zhou L. Whether histologic subtyping affect the oncological outcomes of patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:3255-3266. [PMID: 34532250 PMCID: PMC8421816 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Whether the histologic subtype (type 1 and type 2) of papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is a tool to predict the prognosis is of great debate. This study is aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of histologic subtype in patients with pRCC after surgery through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We searched PubMed, the Web of Science, Cochrane library and EMBASE databases to identify studies published until January 20, 2021 according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Studies were deemed eligible if they compared the overall survival (OS), cancer specific survival (CSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) or disease-free survival (DFS) between patients with type 1 or type 2 pRCC. And the corresponding hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% conference intervals (CIs) were collected for meta-analysis and further subgroup analysis. Results Overall 22 studies with a total of 4,494 patients were considered eligible and included for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that type 2 pRCC was associated with a worse OS (pooled HR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.10–2.36, P=0.02) and CSS (pooled HR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.00–2.51, P=0.05). However, the subgroup analysis yielded the same result as the initial analysis only when the HRs were extracted from univariate analysis. In studies with multivariate analysis, type 2 pRCC was not statistically associated with a worse OS (pooled HR 1.22, 95% CI: 0.97–1.53, P=0.27), CSS (pooled HR 1.16, 95% CI: 0.67–2.00, P=0.60), and DFS (pooled HR 1.33, 95% CI: 0.93–1.91, P=0.12) compared to type 1 pRCC. Discussion Histologic subtype is not an independent prognostic factor for patients with pRCC, although the result needs to be taken with caution. And studies with retrospective study design, larger sample size and longer follow-up period are required to verify these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Xiong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Weijie Zhu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfei Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Yu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlin Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Mi
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Centre, Beijing, China
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