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Wilkinson AF, Barra MJ, Novak EN, Bond M, Richards-Kortum R. Point-of-care isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests: progress and bottlenecks for extraction-free sample collection and preparation. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38973430 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2375233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suitable sample collection and preparation methods are essential to enable nucleic acid amplification testing at the point of care (POC). Strategies that allow direct isothermal nucleic acid amplification testing (iNAAT) of crude sample lysate without the need for nucleic acid extraction minimize time to result as well as the need for operator expertise and costly infrastructure. AREAS COVERED The authors review research to understand how sample matrix and preparation affect the design and performance of POC iNAATs. They focus on approaches where samples are directly combined with liquid reagents for preparation and amplification via iNAAT strategies. They review factors related to the type and method of sample collection, storage buffers, and lysis strategies. Finally, they discuss RNA targets and relevant regulatory considerations. EXPERT OPINION Limitations in sample preparation methods are a significant technical barrier preventing implementation of nucleic acid testing at the POC. The authors propose a framework for co-designing sample preparation and amplification steps for optimal performance with an extraction-free paradigm by considering a sample matrix and lytic strategy prior to an amplification assay and readout. In the next 5 years, the authors anticipate increasing priority on the co-design of sample preparation and iNAATs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria J Barra
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emilie N Novak
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meaghan Bond
- Rice360 Institute for Global Health Technologies, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Richards-Kortum
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Rice360 Institute for Global Health Technologies, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Hampel KJ, Gerrard DL, Francis D, Armstrong J, Cameron M, Ostafin A, Mahoney B, Malik M, Sidiropoulos N. When False-Positives Arise: Troubleshooting a SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Detection Assay on a Semi-Automated Platform. J Appl Lab Med 2024; 9:716-727. [PMID: 38507614 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, many molecular diagnostic laboratories performed high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 testing often with implementation of automated workflows. In parallel, vaccination campaigns resulted increasingly in specimens from fully vaccinated patients, with resultant clinical inquiries regarding positive results in this patient population. This prompted a quality improvement initiative to investigate the semi-automated testing workflow for false-positive results. The troubleshooting workflow is described and procedural improvements are outlined that serve as a resource for other molecular diagnostic laboratories that need to overcome testing anomalies in a semi-automated environment. METHODS This workflow utilized the MagMax-96 Viral RNA kit and the CDC 2019-nCoV RT-qPCR Panel on the Agilent Bravo Liquid-Handler (Bravo). Screening of the environment, personnel, and the mechanical performance of instrumentation using low Ct checkerboard challenges was executed to identify sources of cross-contamination. Evaluation of the assay and reporting design was conducted. RESULTS Specimen contamination was observed during the viral extraction process on the Bravo. Changes to the program reduced plate contamination by 50% and importantly revealed consistent hallmarks of contaminated samples. We adjusted the reporting algorithm using these indicators of false positives. False positives that were identified made up 0.11% of the 45 000+ tests conducted over the following 8 months. CONCLUSIONS These adjustments provided confident and quality results while maintaining turnaround time for patients and pandemic-related public health initiatives. This corrected false-positive rate is concordant with previously published studies from diagnostic laboratories utilizing automated systems and may be considered a laboratory performance standard for this type of testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Hampel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Diana L Gerrard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Denise Francis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Jordan Armstrong
- Technical Assistance Center for Biotek Products, Agilent Technologies Inc., Winooski, VT, United States
| | - Margaret Cameron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Alexa Ostafin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Briege Mahoney
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Miles Malik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Nikoletta Sidiropoulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, United States
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3
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Momenifar N, Pirouzfar M, Hashemian Z, Daneshvar Amoli A. Development of an optimized RT-LAMP test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Biologicals 2023; 84:101716. [PMID: 37801803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-COV-2 is the causative agent of an acute respiratory syndrome called Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a varying mortality rate from 2019 to 2022. There are several measures for control and prevention of Covid-19 including using mask, vaccine injections, as well as screening the potential cases. We aimed to design and develop a molecular method (RT-LAMP) for detecting coronavirus in biological samples that is cheaper, faster and easier than conventional molecular methods. In this study, various reaction components were explored to make the optimal combination of an RT-LAMP master mix composition. The results revealed the ability of this RT-LAMP test in specifically identifying 100 copies of mixture of N and E genes in just 30-45 min. This study demonstrated the reliable performance of the RT-LAMP method for the detection of SARS-COV-2 in biological samples. Given the significant advantages of this method compared to the gold standard qRT-PCR, it can be employed as a promising tool for the diagnosis of coronavirus as well as other pathogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Momenifar
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pirouzfar
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Hashemian
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang Y, Clarke SP, Wu H, Li W, Zhou C, Lin K, Wang J, Wang J, Liang Y, Wang X, Wang L. A comprehensive overview on the transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of SARS-CoV-2. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28776. [PMID: 37212261 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a single positive-strand RNA virus that is responsible for the current pandemic that the world has been facing since 2019. The primary route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is through respiratory tract transmission. However, other transmission routes such as fecal-oral, vertical transmission, and aerosol-eye also exist. In addition, it has been found that the pathogenesis of this virus involves the binding of the virus's S protein to its host cell surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which results in the subsequent membrane fusion that is required for SARS-CoV-2 to replicate and complete its entire life. The clinical symptoms of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 can range from asymptomatic to severe. The most common symptoms seen include fever, dry cough, and fatigue. Once these symptoms are observed, a nucleic acid test is done using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. This currently serves as the main confirmatory tool for COVID-19. Despite the fact that no cure has been found for SARS-CoV-2, prevention methods such as vaccines, specific facial mask, and social distancing have proven to be quite effective. It is imperative to have a complete understanding of the transmission and pathogenesis of this virus. To effectively develop new drugs as well as diagnostic tools, more knowledge about this virus would be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | - Huanwu Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenli Li
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chang Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kang Lin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Morphological Experimental Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Linding Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Vilca-Alosilla JJ, Candia-Puma MA, Coronel-Monje K, Goyzueta-Mamani LD, Galdino AS, Machado-de-Ávila RA, Giunchetti RC, Ferraz Coelho EA, Chávez-Fumagalli MA. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing the Diagnostic Accuracy Tests of COVID-19. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13091549. [PMID: 37174941 PMCID: PMC10177430 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis that aims to evaluate the reliability of coronavirus disease diagnostic tests in 2019 (COVID-19). This article seeks to describe the scientific discoveries made because of diagnostic tests conducted in recent years during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Between 2020 and 2021, searches for published papers on the COVID-19 diagnostic were made in the PubMed database. Ninety-nine scientific articles that satisfied the requirements were analyzed and included in the meta-analysis, and the specificity and sensitivity of the diagnostic accuracy were assessed. When compared to serological tests such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), and chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA), molecular tests such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) performed better in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, the area under the curve restricted to the false-positive rates (AUCFPR) of 0.984 obtained by the antiviral neutralization bioassay (ANB) diagnostic test revealed significant potential for the identification of COVID-19. It has been established that the various diagnostic tests have been effectively adapted for the detection of SARS-CoV-2; nevertheless, their performance still must be enhanced to contain potential COVID-19 outbreaks, which will also help contain potential infectious agent outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jeferson Vilca-Alosilla
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru
| | - Mayron Antonio Candia-Puma
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru
| | - Katiusca Coronel-Monje
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru
| | - Luis Daniel Goyzueta-Mamani
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru
- Sustainable Innovative Biomaterials Department, Le Qara Research Center, Arequipa 04000, Peru
| | - Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Salvador 40015-970, BA, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antonio Ferraz Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru
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Bonilla-Asalde CA, Díaz-Robles DA, Cieza-Macedo EC, Rivera-Lozada O, Pacheco LA, Hurtado L, Díaz D, Escorcia K, Flórez L, Bello Y, Díaz Y, Navarro E, Pacheco LC, Galán N, Maestre R, Acosta A. Letter to the editor. Clinical validation of the isothermal RT-LAMP test for rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Biomédica. 2022;42(Supl.2):59-72. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2023; 43:145-149. [PMID: 37167457 PMCID: PMC10506692 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lisandro A Pacheco
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Leidy Hurtado
- División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Diana Díaz
- Programa de Microbióloga, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Katherine Escorcia
- Programa de Microbióloga, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Laura Flórez
- Programa de Microbióloga, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Yesit Bello
- Unidad de Genética y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Yirys Díaz
- División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Elkin Navarro
- Unidad de Genética y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia; Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Leonardo C Pacheco
- Unidad de Genética y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia; Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Nataly Galán
- Unidad de Genética y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia; Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Ronald Maestre
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Antonio Acosta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia.
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Arbaciauskaite S, Babakhani P, Sandetskaya N, Vitkus D, Jancoriene L, Karosiene D, Karciauskaite D, Zablockiene B, Kuhlmeier D. Self-Sampled Gargle Water Direct RT-LAMP as a Screening Method for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infections. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040775. [PMID: 35453823 PMCID: PMC9030430 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the viability of self-sampled gargle water direct RT-LAMP (LAMP) for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infections by estimating its sensitivity with respect to the gold standard indirect RT-PCR of paired oro-nasopharyngeal swab samples. We also assessed the impact of symptom onset to test time (STT)—i.e., symptom days at sampling, on LAMP. In addition, we appraised the viability of gargle water self-sampling versus oro-nasopharyngeal swab sampling, by comparing paired indirect RT-PCR results. 202 oro-nasopharyngeal swab and paired self-sampled gargle water samples were collected from hospital patients with COVID-19 associated symptoms. LAMP, indirect and direct RT-PCR were performed on all gargle water samples, and indirect RT-PCR was performed on all oro-nasopharyngeal samples. LAMP presented a sensitivity of 80.8% (95% CI: 70.8–90.8%) for sample pairs with sub-25 Ct oro-nasopharyngeal indirect RT-PCR results, and 77.6% (66.2–89.1%) sensitivity for sub-30 Ct samples with STT ≤ 7 days. STT, independently of Ct value, correlated negatively with LAMP performance. 80.7% agreement was observed between gargle water and oro-nasopharyngeal indirect RT-PCR results. In conclusion, LAMP presents an acceptable sensitivity for low Ct and low STT samples. Gargle water may be considered as a viable sampling method, and LAMP as a screening method, especially for symptomatic persons with low STT values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skaiste Arbaciauskaite
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Perlickstraße 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (N.S.); (D.K.)
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Pouya Babakhani
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Natalia Sandetskaya
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Perlickstraße 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (N.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Dalius Vitkus
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, M.K. Ciurlionio 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (D.V.); (D.K.)
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariskiu 14, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Ligita Jancoriene
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, M.K. Ciurlionio 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (L.J.); (B.Z.)
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariskiu 14, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dovile Karosiene
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariskiu 14, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Dovile Karciauskaite
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, M.K. Ciurlionio 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (D.V.); (D.K.)
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariskiu 14, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Birute Zablockiene
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, M.K. Ciurlionio 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (L.J.); (B.Z.)
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariskiu 14, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dirk Kuhlmeier
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Perlickstraße 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (N.S.); (D.K.)
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Jang M, Kim S. Inhibition of Non-specific Amplification in Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification via Tetramethylammonium Chloride. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2022; 16:326-333. [PMID: 35909465 PMCID: PMC9326409 DOI: 10.1007/s13206-022-00070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) may be used in molecular and point-of-care diagnostics for pathogen detection. The amplification occurs under isothermal conditions using up to six primers. However, non-specific amplification is frequently observed in LAMP. Non-specific amplification has the potential to be triggered by forward and reverse internal primers. And the relatively low reaction temperature (55-65 °C) induces the secondary structure via primer-primer interactions. Primer redesign and probe design have been recommended to solve this problem. LAMP primers have strict conditions, such as Tm, GC contents, primer dimer, and distance between primers compared to conventional PCR primers. Probe design requires specialized knowledge to have high specificity for a target. In polymerase chain reaction (PCR), some chemicals or proteins are used for improving specificity and efficiency. Therefore, we hypothesized that additives can suppress the non-specific amplification. In this study, tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC), formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, Tween 20, and bovine serum albumin have been used as LAMP additives. In our study, TMAC was presented as a promising additive for suppressing non-specific amplification in LAMP. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13206-022-00070-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinJu Jang
- grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyo Kim
- grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
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