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Kenfack-Momo R, Ngounoue MD, Kenmoe S, Takuissu GR, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kengne-Ndé C, Mbaga DS, Zeuko’o Menkem E, Lontuo Fogang R, Tchatchouang S, Ndzie Ondigui JL, Kame-Ngasse GI, Kenfack-Zanguim J, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Bowo-Ngandji A, Mahamat M, Nkie Esemu S, Ndip L, Njouom R. Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in dialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0284169. [PMID: 38330063 PMCID: PMC10852299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dialysis is a replacement therapy for patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Patients on dialysis are at high risk of acquiring hepatitis C virus (HCV), which has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. There is a wide range of prevalence of HCV in dialysis populations around the world. It is still unknown how prevalent HCV infection is among worldwide dialysis patients (including those undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis). A review was conducted to estimate the global epidemiology of hepatitis C in dialysis patients. We searched PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), Global Index Medicus and Web of Science until October 2022. A manual search of references from relevant articles was also conducted. Heterogeneity was evaluated by the χ2 test on Cochrane's Q statistic, and the sources of heterogeneity were investigated using subgroup analysis. In order to assess publication bias, funnel plots and Egger tests were conducted, and pooled HCV prevalence estimates were generated using a DerSimonian and Laird meta-analysis model. The study is registered with PROSPERO under CRD42022237789. We included 634 papers involving 392160 participants. The overall HCV case fatality rate was 38.7% (95% CI = 28.9-49). The global prevalence of HCV infection in dialysis population group were 24.3% [95% CI = 22.6-25.9]. As indicated by UNSD region, country, dialysis type, and HCV diagnostic targeted; Eastern Europe had the highest prevalence of 48.6% [95% CI = 35.2-62], Indonesia had 63.6% [95% CI = 42.9-82], hemodialysis patients had 25.5% [95% CI = 23.8-27.3], and anti-HCV were detected in 24.5% [95% CI = 22.8-26.2]. Dialysis patients, particularly those on hemodialysis, have a high prevalence and case fatality rate of HCV infection. Hemodialysis units need to implement strict infection control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Guy Roussel Takuissu
- Centre for Food, Food Security and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Maimouna Mahamat
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Hemodialysis Unit, Yaoundé General Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Lucy Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Al Shukri I, Al Wahaibi A, Al Kindi H, Al-Maimani Y, Al Maani A, Alqayoudhi A, Methew MC, Pradeesh J, Al Abrawi R, Debs A, Mansoor N, AlRahbi A, Al Balushi W, Alharrasi M, Al Mamari B, Soliman MF, Alsenaidi A, Al Alawi M, Al Ismaili O, Al-Abri S, Al-Jardani A. The Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Hemodialysis Patients in Oman: A National Cross-Sectional Study. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2023; 13:774-781. [PMID: 37698781 PMCID: PMC10686920 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-023-00149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HCV infection in hemodialysis units is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The risk of HCV infection among dialysis patients is higher compared to the general population due to high potential blood exposures in hemodialysis settings. This study aims to assess the national HCV seroprevalence in selected dialysis units and to determine the risk factors for acquiring HCV infection. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 January to 31 March 2021. A total of 734 patients from 11 hemodialysis centers in Oman were included. Samples were tested simultaneously for HCV antibodies and HCV RNA. HCV genotyping was determined in all viremic patients. Demographic and hemodialysis center related data were gathered and their association with the positive HCV serology were explored using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Out of 800 patients selected from 11 dialysis units for the study, 734 patients (91.8%) were included. The overall seroprevalence of HCV infection among hemodialysis patients was 5.6%. (41/734). HCV RNA was detected in 31.7% (13/41) of seropositive hemodialysis patients. The most common genotype was subtype 1a, followed by subtype 3. Variables associated with high HCV prevalence were family history of HCV and duration of dialysis. CONCLUSION The prevalence of infection within hemodialysis patients in Oman has significantly decreased but remained higher than the general population. Continuous monitoring and follow-up, including periodic serosurvey and linkage to care and treatment are recommended. Additionally, practice audits are recommended for identifying gaps and ensuring sustainability of best practices and further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intisar Al Shukri
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Central Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Adil Al Wahaibi
- Department of Surveillance, Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hanan Al Kindi
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Central Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Amal Al Maani
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdullah Alqayoudhi
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mersum C Methew
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Central Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Jini Pradeesh
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Central Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Abdo Debs
- Quriyat Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Ahmed AlRahbi
- Ibra Dialysis Unit, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Omaima Al Ismaili
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Seif Al-Abri
- Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Amina Al-Jardani
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Central Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman.
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Gomide GPM, Pereira LHDM, Camargo FC, Rodrigues LM, Souza RDS, de Melo IV, Pereira TAR, de Oliveira CDCHB. Measures to Contain the Transmission of Hepatitis C in a Chronic Kidney Care Hospital Unit in the Triângulo Mineiro in Brazil: A Case Study. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605914. [PMID: 37325177 PMCID: PMC10266461 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Hepatitis C virus elimination is complex. The objective was to analyze measures to eliminate virus transmission in a hemodialysis unit. Methods: Case study composed of multiple units of analysis. The scenario is the hemodialysis unit of a Brazilian public hospital. Population composed of health service records. Descriptive analyzes were performed and the beginning of the event was considered as the moment of increased incidence of HCV. The intentional and purposeful collection of information for understanding the event and implementing interventions. Results: The subunits of analysis were related to: clinical-epidemiological profile, active search, transmission routes, management protocol and results achieved. In August 2019, out of 45 patients, six were reactive for anti-HCV. All received treatment. Patients had exposure to contaminated medical equipment, objects or hands of professionals. Preventive measures were adopted and routine techniques were corrected. Situational Analysis Committee guided the management of the event. No new cases were detected. Conclusions: Strategies for the microelimination of the C virus in a dialysis environment are demonstrated and it shows the multidisciplinary efforts in conducting the event.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernanda Carolina Camargo
- Teaching and Research Management, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
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Villar LM, de Lima MP, Cruz HM, de Paula VS, Scalioni LDP, Flores GL, Carvalho-Costa FA, Parente CC, Coelho MRCD, de Albuquerque ACC, Milagres FAP, Cruz MS, Andrade TM, Motta-Castro ARC, da Mota JC, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Bastos FI. Feasibility of dried blood spot for hepatitis C diagnosis in vulnerable subjects and people living in remote areas from Brazil. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:804. [PMID: 36303137 PMCID: PMC9615222 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Agile, accessible and cheap diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is essential to achieve the elimination of this infection, worldwide, as mandated by the World Health Organzation as part of its strategy for 2030. Dried blood spots (DBS) can be an attractive alternative for sample collection among people living in remote areas and vulnerable populations due to the less invasive collection, its biosafety, and storage & transportation of samples at room temperature.
Design This study aims to estimate the usefulness of dried blood spot samples for the diagnosis and the assessment of HCV infection rates in three different settings in Brazil. Cross-sectional analysis of a sample collection from different populations, aiming to assess the performance of the testing algorithms and respective procedures among different populations with diverse background infection rates. Methods We reported the evaluation of DBS as alternative samples for detecting anti-HCV in different groups in real life conditions: (I) Vulnerable subjects living in remote areas of Southeast, North and Northeast Brazil (n = 1464); (II) Beauticians (n = 288); (III) People who use non-injectable drugs (n = 201); (IV) patients referred to outpatient care (n = 275). Results General assay accuracy was 99%, with a weighted kappa value of 0.9, showing an excellent performance. Sensitivities ranged from 87.5% to 100.0% between groups and specificities were above 99.2%. A total of 194 individuals had HCV RNA in serum and concordance of anti-HCV detection in DBS was 98.4%. Conclusions DBS samples could be used for anti-HCV detection in different populations recruited in real life conditions and ambulatory settings, with a high overall sensitivity and specificity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07717-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Melo Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion, Ground Floor, Room B09, v. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil.
| | - Marjorie Parra de Lima
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion, Ground Floor, Room B09, v. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Helena Medina Cruz
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion, Ground Floor, Room B09, v. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil.,Estácio de Sá University, Resende, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Leticia de Paula Scalioni
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion, Ground Floor, Room B09, v. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Geane Lopes Flores
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion, Ground Floor, Room B09, v. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Santos Cruz
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tarcisio Matos Andrade
- Department of Community and Family Health, Federal University of Bahia, SalvadorBahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | | | - Jurema Corrêa da Mota
- Institute of Communication and Scientific Information and Technology for Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion, Ground Floor, Room B09, v. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Francisco Inácio Bastos
- Institute of Communication and Scientific Information and Technology for Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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