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Keneh NK, Kenmoe S, Bowo-Ngandji A, Akoachere JFTK, Kamga HG, Ndip RN, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kengne-Ndé C, Mbaga DS, Tendongfor N, Assam JPA, Ndip LM, Esemu SN. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carriage among Neonate Mothers, Healthcare Workers, and Environmental Samples in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A Systematic Review. Biomed Res Int 2024; 2024:5675786. [PMID: 38623471 PMCID: PMC11018372 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5675786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The MRSA colonization of neonates, attributed to various sources, including mothers, healthcare workers, and environmental surfaces, can lead to severe infection, prolonged hospital stays, and even death, imposing substantial economic burdens. Given the pressing need to mitigate MRSA spread in these vulnerable environments, further examination of the subject is warranted. This systematic review is aimed at synthesizing available evidence on MRSA carriage proportions among mothers of newborns, healthcare workers, and environmental surfaces in NICUs. Methodology. We included observational studies published in English or French from database inception to March 21, 2023. These studies focused on MRSA in nonoutbreak NICU settings, encompassing healthy neonate mothers and healthcare workers, and environmental surfaces. Literature search involved systematic scanning of databases, including Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Global Health, and Global Index Medicus. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Hoy et al. critical appraisal scale. The extracted data were summarized to calculate the pooled proportion of MRSA positives, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) based on the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. Results A total of 1891 articles were retrieved from which 16 studies were selected for inclusion. Most of the studies were from high-income countries. The pooled proportion of MRSA carriage among 821 neonate mothers across four countries was found to be 2.1% (95% CI: 0.3-5.1; I2 = 76.6%, 95% CI: 36.1-91.5). The proportion of MRSA carriage among 909 HCWs in eight countries was determined to be 9.5% (95% CI: 3.1-18.4; I2 = 91.7%, 95% CI: 87.1-94.6). The proportion of MRSA carriage among HCWs was highest in the Western Pacific Region, at 50.00% (95% CI: 23.71-76.29). In environmental specimens from five countries, a pooled proportion of 16.6% (95% CI: 3.5-36.0; I2 = 97.7%, 95% CI: 96.6-98.4) was found to be MRSA-positive. Conclusion With a significant heterogeneity, our systematic review found high MRSA carriage rates in neonate mothers, healthcare workers, and across various environmental surfaces in NICUs, posing a potential risk of nosocomial infections. Urgent interventions, including regular screening and decolonization of MRSA carriers, reinforcing infection control measures, and enhancing cleaning and disinfection procedures within NICUs, are crucial. This trial is registered with CRD42023407114.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nene Kaah Keneh
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Hortense Gonsu Kamga
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Roland Ndip Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Center for Research in Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Nicholas Tendongfor
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | - Lucy Mande Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - Seraphine Nkie Esemu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
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2
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Mbaga DS, Kenmoe S, Esemu SN, Bowo-Ngandji A, Keneh NK, Tatah Kihla Akoachere JF, Gonsu HK, Ndip Ndip R, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kengne-Ndé C, Tendongfor N, Assam Assam JP, Ndip LM, Njiki Bikoï J, Riwom Essama SH. Epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii colonization in neonatal intensive care units: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Meta-Anal 2024; 12:90229. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v12.i1.90229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) represents an escalating challenge in healthcare settings, particularly in managing hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Studies across various World Health Organization regions have documented a significant incidence of CRAB-related HAIs, with rates as high as 41.7 cases per 1000 patients in ICUs, accounting for 13.6% of all HAIs. These infections pose a doubled mortality risk compared to infections with carbapenem-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii. A particularly concerning aspect of CRAB colonization is its asymptomatic nature, enabling its transmission through healthcare workers (HCWs) or the NICU environment to vulnerable neonates with developing immune systems.
AIM To explore the prevalence of CRAB colonization in NICUs, focusing on neonates, healthcare workers, and the environmental samples, to enhance epidemiological understanding and inform targeted interventions.
METHODS We conducted according to PRISMA 2020 checklist guidelines, a comprehensive literature search across multiple databases including MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), Global Health (Ovid), Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus. Studies were selected based on predetermined criteria, primarily involving neonates, HCWs, and environmental swabs, using culture or molecular methods to detect CRAB colonization. We excluded studies that did not specifically focus on NICUs, were duplicates, or lacked necessary data. The study selection and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers. Data extraction involved collecting comprehensive details about each study. Our statistical analysis used a random-effects model to calculate the pooled prevalence and confidence intervals, stratifying results by regional location. We assessed study heterogeneity using Cochran's Q statistic and I² statistic, with regression tests employed to evaluate potential publication bias.
RESULTS We analyzed 737 records from five databases, ultimately including 13 studies from ten countries. For neonates, the pooled prevalence was 4.8% (95%CI: 1.1% to 10.5%) with the highest rates observed in South-East Asia (10.5%; 95%CI: 2.4% to 23.3%). Among HCWs, a single Indian study reported a 3.3% prevalence. Environmental samples showed a prevalence of 2.3% (95%CI: 0% to 9.3%), with the highest rates in South-East Asia (10%; 95%CI: 4.2% to 17.7%). Significant heterogeneity was found across studies, and no publication bias was detected.
CONCLUSION This systematic review highlights a significant prevalence of CRAB colonization in neonates across various regions, particularly in South-East Asia, contrasting with lower rates in high-income countries. The study reveals a gap in research on HCWs colonization, with only a single study from India reporting moderate prevalence. Environmental samples indicate moderate levels of CRAB contamination, again higher in South-East Asia. These findings underscore the need for more extensive and focused research on CRAB colonization in NICUs, including exploring the roles of HCWs and the environment in transmission, understanding antimicrobial resistance patterns, and developing effective prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatien Serge Mbaga
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
| | - Seraphine Nkie Esemu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
| | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Nene Kaah Keneh
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Hortense Kamga Gonsu
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Roland Ndip Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Center for Research in Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala 00237, Cameroon
| | - Nicholas Tendongfor
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Lucy Mande Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
| | - Jacky Njiki Bikoï
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
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Kenfack-Momo R, Ngounoue MD, Kenmoe S, Takuissu GR, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kengne-Ndé C, Mbaga DS, Zeuko’o Menkem E, Lontuo Fogang R, Tchatchouang S, Ndzie Ondigui JL, Kame-Ngasse GI, Kenfack-Zanguim J, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Bowo-Ngandji A, Mahamat M, Nkie Esemu S, Ndip L, Njouom R. Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in dialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0284169. [PMID: 38330063 PMCID: PMC10852299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dialysis is a replacement therapy for patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Patients on dialysis are at high risk of acquiring hepatitis C virus (HCV), which has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. There is a wide range of prevalence of HCV in dialysis populations around the world. It is still unknown how prevalent HCV infection is among worldwide dialysis patients (including those undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis). A review was conducted to estimate the global epidemiology of hepatitis C in dialysis patients. We searched PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), Global Index Medicus and Web of Science until October 2022. A manual search of references from relevant articles was also conducted. Heterogeneity was evaluated by the χ2 test on Cochrane's Q statistic, and the sources of heterogeneity were investigated using subgroup analysis. In order to assess publication bias, funnel plots and Egger tests were conducted, and pooled HCV prevalence estimates were generated using a DerSimonian and Laird meta-analysis model. The study is registered with PROSPERO under CRD42022237789. We included 634 papers involving 392160 participants. The overall HCV case fatality rate was 38.7% (95% CI = 28.9-49). The global prevalence of HCV infection in dialysis population group were 24.3% [95% CI = 22.6-25.9]. As indicated by UNSD region, country, dialysis type, and HCV diagnostic targeted; Eastern Europe had the highest prevalence of 48.6% [95% CI = 35.2-62], Indonesia had 63.6% [95% CI = 42.9-82], hemodialysis patients had 25.5% [95% CI = 23.8-27.3], and anti-HCV were detected in 24.5% [95% CI = 22.8-26.2]. Dialysis patients, particularly those on hemodialysis, have a high prevalence and case fatality rate of HCV infection. Hemodialysis units need to implement strict infection control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Guy Roussel Takuissu
- Centre for Food, Food Security and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Maimouna Mahamat
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Hemodialysis Unit, Yaoundé General Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Lucy Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Keneh NK, Kenmoe S, Bowo-Ngandji A, Tatah Kihla Akoachere JF, Gonsu Kamga H, Ndip RN, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kengne-Ndé C, Mbaga DS, Tendongfor N, Ndip LM, Esemu SN. A mapping review of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus proportions, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296267. [PMID: 38134014 PMCID: PMC10745167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has increased and poses a significant threat to human and animal health in Cameroon and the world at large. MRSA strains have infiltrated various settings, including hospitals, communities, and livestock, contributing to increased morbidity, treatment costs, and mortality. This evidence synthesis aims to understand MRSA prevalence, resistance patterns, and genetic characterization in Cameroon. METHODS The methodology was consistent with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies of any design containing scientific data on MRSA prevalence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon were eligible for inclusion, with no restrictions on language or publication date. The search involved a comprehensive search strategy in several databases including Medline, Embase, Global Health, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, and African Journal Online. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Hoy et al tool, and the results were synthesized and presented in narrative synthesis and/or tables and graphs. RESULTS The systematic review analyzed 24 studies, mostly conducted after 2010, in various settings in Cameroon. The studies, characterized by moderate to low bias, revealed a wide prevalence of MRSA ranging from 1.9% to 46.8%, with considerable variation based on demographic and environmental factors. Animal (0.2%), food (3.2% to 15.4%), and environmental samples (0.0% to 34.6%) also showed a varied prevalence of MRSA. The genetic diversity of MRSA was heterogeneous, with different virulence gene profiles and clonal lineages identified in various populations and sample types. Antimicrobial resistance rates showed great variability in the different regions of Cameroon, with notable antibiotic resistance recorded for the beta-lactam, fluoroquinolone, glycopeptide, lincosamide, and macrolide families. CONCLUSION This study highlights the significant variability in MRSA prevalence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon, and emphasizes the pressing need for comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship strategies in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nene Kaah Keneh
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Hortense Gonsu Kamga
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Roland Ndip Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Center for Research in Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Lucy Mande Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
| | - Seraphine Nkie Esemu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
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5
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Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kenmoe S, Mbongue Mikangue CA, Tchatchouang S, Robertine LF, Takuissu GR, Ndzie Ondigui JL, Bowo-Ngandji A, Kenfack-Momo R, Kengne-Ndé C, Mbaga DS, Menkem EZ, Kame-Ngasse GI, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Kenfack-Zanguim J, Esemu SN, Tagnouokam-Ngoupo PA, Ndip L, Njouom R. Systematic review and meta-analysis of seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus serological markers among pregnant women in Africa, 1984-2020. World J Crit Care Med 2023; 12:264-285. [PMID: 38188451 PMCID: PMC10768416 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v12.i5.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major public health concern, particularly in Africa where HIV rates remain substantial. Pregnant women are at an increased risk of acquiring HIV, which has a significant impact on both maternal and child health. AIM To review summarizes HIV seroprevalence among pregnant women in Africa. It also identifies regional and clinical characteristics that contribute to study-specific estimates variation. METHODS The study included pregnant women from any African country or region, irrespective of their symptoms, and any study design conducted in any setting. Using electronic literature searches, articles published until February 2023 were reviewed. The quality of the included studies was evaluated. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was applied to determine HIV pooled seroprevalence among pregnant women in Africa. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to identify potential sources of heterogeneity. Heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran's Q test and I2 statistics, and publication bias was assessed with Egger's test. RESULTS A total of 248 studies conducted between 1984 and 2020 were included in the quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). Out of the total studies, 146 (58.9%) had a low risk of bias and 102 (41.1%) had a moderate risk of bias. No HIV-positive pregnant women died in the included studies. The overall HIV seroprevalence in pregnant women was estimated to be 9.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.3-10.3]. The subgroup analysis showed statistically significant heterogeneity across subgroups (P < 0.001), with the highest seroprevalence observed in Southern Africa (29.4%, 95%CI: 26.5-32.4) and the lowest seroprevalence observed in Northern Africa (0.7%, 95%CI: 0.3-1.3). CONCLUSION The review found that HIV seroprevalence among pregnant women in African countries remains significant, particularly in Southern African countries. This review can inform the development of targeted public health interventions to address high HIV seroprevalence in pregnant women in African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Center for Research in Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Guy Roussel Takuissu
- Centre for Food, Food Security and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala 00237, Cameroon
| | - Donatien Serge Mbaga
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Center for Research in Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Seraphine Nkie Esemu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Lucy Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
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Esemu SN, Njoh ST, Ndip LM, Keneh NK, Kfusi JA, Njukeng AP. Ready-to-Eat Foods: A Potential Vehicle for the Spread of Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci and Antimicrobial-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Buea Municipality, South West Cameroon. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2023; 2023:9735319. [PMID: 38023661 PMCID: PMC10681794 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9735319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods contaminated with coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) and especially Staphylococcus aureus puts consumers at a potential risk of food-borne disease or colonization and subsequent infection. This cross-sectional study determined the levels of CoPS and the presence of S. aureus in RTE foods sold in Buea municipality. A total of 420 RTE food samples, comprising 70 each of cake, bread, fruit salad, meat hot-pot, suya, and boiled rice were randomly purchased from February to August 2020. The CoPS counts were determined by culturing on Baird-Parker agar, and S. aureus was identified by amplification of the nuc gene using the polymerase chain reaction. All S. aureus isolates were screened for the presence of classical staphylococcal enterotoxin genes. To determine antimicrobial resistance profiles, each isolate was tested against 11 antimicrobials. Oxacillin-resistant S. aureus strains were analyzed for the presence of the mecA gene. Overall, 161 (38.3%) samples had detectable levels of CoPS ranging from 2.0 to 5.81 log10 CFU/g. Based on CoPS levels, 37 (8.81%) of the 420 RTE food samples-only fruit salad and meat hot-pot, had unsatisfactory microbiological quality. A total of 72 S. aureus isolates, comprising 52.78% from fruit salad, 16.67% from meat hot-pot, 12.5% from boiled rice, 9.72% from suya, 5.56% from bread, and 4.17% from cake, were recovered. None of the S. aureus isolates possessed any of the classical enterotoxin genes. All the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and ofloxacin, while 68 (94.44%) and 66 (91.67%) were susceptible to oxacillin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Resistance to penicillin (93.06%) was highest, followed by amoxicillin (91.67%) and erythromycin (79.17%). Four isolates were identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus, all of which carried the mecA gene. A total of 24 antibiotypes were identified. Our findings showed that RTE foods sold in the Buea municipality are likely vehicles for the transmission of CoPS and antimicrobial-resistant S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraphine Nkie Esemu
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Sally Tabe Njoh
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Lucy Mande Ndip
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Nene Kaah Keneh
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jerome Achah Kfusi
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Achiangia Patrick Njukeng
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
- Global Health Systems Solutions, SONARA Road, Limbe, Cameroon
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7
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Kenfack-Zanguim J, Kenmoe S, Bowo-Ngandji A, Kenfack-Momo R, Thierry Ebogo-Belobo J, Kengne-Ndé C, Serge Mbaga D, Zeuko'o Menkem E, Lontuo Fogang R, Tchatchouang S, Laure Ndzie Ondigui J, Irma Kame-Ngasse G, Nina Magoudjou-Pekam J, Roussel Takuissu G, Nkie Esemu S, Nantcho Clavela N, Barriere Fodjo A, Ndip L, Bigoga J, Megnekou R, Esemu LF. Systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal and fetal outcomes among pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 289:9-18. [PMID: 37611538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women of childbearing age are commonly affected by bacterial vaginosis (BV). Maternal-fetal outcomes associated with BV during pregnancy can be fatal for both the mother and the newborn. AIM To identify maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with BV encountered globally, highlight their prevalence, and identify maternal-fetal outcomes associated with BV. METHODS The databases Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and Global Index Medicus were searched from inception until December 2022. No restrictions on time or geographical location were imposed when searching for published articles that examined maternal-fetal outcomes in pregnant women with BV. A random effects model was used to perform the meta-analysis. Sources of heterogeneity were investigated using subgroup analysis, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger tests. FINDINGS In total, 26 of the 8983 articles retrieved from the databases met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Twenty-two maternal outcomes and 22 fetal outcomes were recorded among pregnant women with BV worldwide. This study determined the prevalence of maternal-fetal outcomes reported in three or more studies. Among fetal outcomes, preterm birth (PTB) had the highest prevalence [17.9%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 13-23.3%], followed by mechanical ventilation (15.2%, 95% CI 0-45.9%), low birth weight (LBW) (14.2%, 95% CI 9.1-20.1%) and neonatal intensive care unit admission (11.2%, 95% CI 0-53.5%). BV was associated with PTB [odds ratio (OR) 1.76, 95% CI 1.32-2.35], LBW (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.41-2.12) and birth asphyxia (OR 2.90, 95% CI 1.13-7.46). Among maternal outcomes, premature rupture of membranes (PROM) had the highest prevalence (13.2%, 95% CI 6.1-22.3%). BV was associated with the following maternal outcomes: intrauterine infection (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.44-3.56), miscarriage (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.18-4.64) and PROM (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.39-4.82). Maternal and fetal outcomes were most prevalent in women whose BV was diagnosed using the Amsel criteria (37.2%, 95% CI 23-52.6%) and in the third trimester (29.6%, 95% CI 21.2-38.8%). Although reported in fewer than three studies, some maternal-fetal outcomes are highly prevalent, such as respiratory distress (76.67%, 95% CI 57.72-90.07%), dyspareunia (68.33%, 95% CI 55.04-79.74%) and malodorous discharge (85.00%, 95% CI 73.43-92.90%). CONCLUSION BV has been associated with several adverse maternal-fetal outcomes around the world. While BV is a common vaginal infection, the types of maternal-fetal outcomes from pregnant women with BV vary by country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Guy Roussel Takuissu
- Centre for Food, Food Security and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Lucy Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jude Bigoga
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Rosette Megnekou
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, The University of Yaounde I, Cameroon
| | - Livo F Esemu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
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Ebogo‐Belobo JT, Kenmoe S, Abanda NN, Bowo‐Ngandji A, Mbaga DS, Magoudjou‐Pekam JN, Kame‐Ngasse GI, Tchatchouang S, Menkem EZ, Okobalemba EA, Noura EA, Meta‐Djomsi D, Maïdadi‐Foudi M, Kenfack‐Zanguim J, Kenfack‐Momo R, Kengne‐Nde C, Esemu SN, Mbacham WF, Sadeuh‐Mba SA, Ndip L, Njouom R. Contemporary epidemiological data of Rift Valley fever virus in humans, mosquitoes and other animal species in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2309-2328. [PMID: 37548116 PMCID: PMC10508527 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a severe zoonotic mosquito-borne disease that represents an important threat to human and animal health, with major public health and socioeconomic impacts. This disease is endemic throughout many African countries and the Arabian Peninsula. This systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to determine the RVF prevalence in humans, mosquitoes and other animal species in Africa. The review also provides contemporary data on RVF case fatality rate (CFR) in humans. In this systematic review with meta-analysis, a comprehensive literature search was conducted on the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Global Index Medicus databases from January 2000 to June 2022 to identify relevant studies. Pooled CFR and prevalence estimates were calculated using the random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed, and the I2 -statistic was used to investigate a potential source of heterogeneity. A total of 205 articles were included in the final analysis. The overall RVF CFR in humans was found to be 27.5% [95% CI = 8.0-52.5]. The overall pooled prevalence was 7.8% [95% CI = 6.2-9.6] in humans and 9.3% [95% CI = 8.1-10.6] in animals, respectively. The RVF prevalence in individual mosquitoes ranged from 0.0% to 25%. Subgroup analysis showed substantial heterogeneity with respect to geographical regions and human categories. The study shows that there is a correspondingly similar prevalence of RVF in human and animals; however, human CFR is much higher than the observed prevalence. The lack of a surveillance programme and the fact that this virus has subclinical circulation in animals and humans could explain these observations. The implementation of a One Health approach for RVF surveillance and control would be of great interest for human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Thierry Ebogo‐Belobo
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority PathologiesInstitute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants StudiesYaoundeCameroon
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of SciencesThe University of Yaounde IYaoundéCameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyUniversity of BueaBueaCameroon
| | - Ngu Njei Abanda
- Virology DepartmentCentre Pasteur of CameroonYaoundéCameroon
| | - Arnol Bowo‐Ngandji
- Department of MicrobiologyFaculty of SciencesThe University of Yaounde IYaoundéCameroon
| | - Donatien Serge Mbaga
- Department of MicrobiologyFaculty of SciencesThe University of Yaounde IYaoundéCameroon
| | | | - Ginette Irma Kame‐Ngasse
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority PathologiesInstitute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants StudiesYaoundeCameroon
| | | | | | | | - Efietngab Atembeh Noura
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority PathologiesInstitute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants StudiesYaoundeCameroon
| | - Dowbiss Meta‐Djomsi
- Research Centre on Emerging and Re‐Emerging DiseasesInstitute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants StudiesYaoundeCameroon
| | - Martin Maïdadi‐Foudi
- Research Centre on Emerging and Re‐Emerging DiseasesInstitute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants StudiesYaoundeCameroon
| | | | - Raoul Kenfack‐Momo
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of SciencesThe University of Yaounde IYaoundéCameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne‐Nde
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research UnitNational AIDS Control CommitteeYaoundéCameroon
| | | | - Wilfred Fon Mbacham
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of SciencesThe University of Yaounde IYaoundéCameroon
| | - Serge Alain Sadeuh‐Mba
- Virology DepartmentCentre Pasteur of CameroonYaoundéCameroon
- Maryland Department of AgricultureSalisbury Animal Health LaboratorySalisburyMarylandUSA
| | - Lucy Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyUniversity of BueaBueaCameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology DepartmentCentre Pasteur of CameroonYaoundéCameroon
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Ndedy MM, Nyasa RB, Esemu SN, Kfusi JA, Keneh NK, Masalla TN, Ndip LM. A cross-sectional study on the prevalence and drug susceptibility pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients in the Buea Health District, Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 45:28. [PMID: 37521764 PMCID: PMC10386538 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.45.28.36860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Staphylococcus aureus, which is part of the normal flora accounts for most acute and chronic infections in humans, and treatment options are greatly limited, when infection is caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of MRSA from clinical samples obtained randomly from patients in Buea Health District. Methods a total of 264 wounds, nasopharynx, and urine samples were collected from patients from different hospitals in Buea and transported to the laboratory in the University of Buea, for analysis. Samples were inoculated on mannitol salt agar for S. aureus isolation, characterized morphologically by gram staining and biochemically by catalase, coagulase, and hemolysis tests. Diagnosis of S. aureus was confirmed by molecular identification of the nuc gene. MRSA was identified from S. aureus by oxacillin screening and confirmed by molecular identification of the mecA gene. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Results S. aureus was isolated from 70 (26.52%) and all were confirmed molecularly by nuc gene amplification. MRSA by oxacillin screening was 36 (13.64%) while MRSA detected by mecA gene amplification was 34 (12.88%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed 100% resistance to ampicillin, 88.24% to cefixime and 70.59% to ceftriaxone while low resistance was observed to meropenem (11.76%), doxycycline (14.71%), and vancomycin (17.67%). Conclusion MRSA isolated from Buea Health District are resistant to ampicillin, cefixime, and ceftriaxone. The antimicrobials (meropenem, doxycycline, and vancomycin) should be used to treat MRSA infections in Buea Health District.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Mokeo Ndedy
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
| | | | - Seraphine Nkie Esemu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
| | - Jerome Achah Kfusi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
| | - Nene Kaah Keneh
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Njinuwoh Masalla
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
| | - Lucy Mande Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
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Ondigui JLN, Kenmoe S, Kengne-Ndé C, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Takuissu GR, Kenfack-Momo R, Mbaga DS, Tchatchouang S, Kenfack-Zanguim J, Fogang RL, Menkem EZ, Kame-Ngasse GI, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Bowo-Ngandji A, Goumkwa NM, Esemu SN, Ndip L, Essama SHR, Torimiro J. Epidemiology of occult hepatitis B and C in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:1436-1445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Takuissu GR, Kenmoe S, Amougou Atsama M, Atenguena Okobalemba E, Mbaga DS, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Bowo-Ngandji A, Oyono MG, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Kame-Ngasse GI, Menkem EZ, Selly Ngaloumo AA, Banlock ATR, Feudjio AF, Zemnou-Tepap C, Meta-Djomsi D, Nyimbe Mviena GL, Nyebe Eloundou I, Yéngué JF, Kenfack-Zanguim J, Ndzie Ondigui JL, Zekeng Mekontchou RM, Touangnou-Chamda SA, Kamtchueng Takeu Y, Taya-Fokou JB, Mbongue Mikangue CA, Kenfack-Momo R, Kengne-Nde C, Nkie Esemu S, Njouom R, Ndip L. Global epidemiology of occult hepatitis B virus infections in blood donors, a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272920. [PMID: 35994469 PMCID: PMC9394819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the global prevalence of occult hepatitis B in blood donors. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, and Excerpta Medica Database. Study selection and data extraction were performed by at least two independent investigators. Heterogeneity (I2) was assessed using the χ2 test on the Cochran Q statistic and H parameters. Sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analyses. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42021252787. We included 82 studies in this meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of OBI was 6.2% (95% CI: 5.4–7.1) in HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive blood donors. Only sporadic cases of OBI were reported in HBsAg negative and anti-HBc negative blood donors. The overall prevalence of OBI was 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1–0.4) in HBsAg negative blood donors. The prevalence of OBI was generally higher in countries with low-income economic status. The results of this study show that despite routine screening of blood donors for hepatitis B, the transmission of HBV by blood remains possible via OBI and/or a seronegative window period; hence there is a need for active surveillance and foremost easier access to molecular tests for the screening of blood donors before transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Roussel Takuissu
- Centre for Food, Food Security and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie Amougou Atsama
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institut de Recherches Médicales et d’Etudes des Plantes Médicinales, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Martin Gael Oyono
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dowbiss Meta-Djomsi
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institut de Recherches Médicales et d’Etudes des Plantes Médicinales, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yrene Kamtchueng Takeu
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Nde
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Lucy Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
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12
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Abegewi UA, Esemu SN, Ndip RN, Ndip LM. Prevalence and risk factors of coliform-associated mastitis and antibiotic resistance of coliforms from lactating dairy cows in North West Cameroon. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268247. [PMID: 35881624 PMCID: PMC9321367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coliform bacteria are major causative agents of bovine mastitis, a disease that has devastating effect on dairy animal health and milk production. This cross-sectional study, carried out in the North West region of Cameroon, sought to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis, coliforms associated with bovine mastitis, risk factors for infection and the antibiotic resistance pattern of coliform bacterial isolates. Materials and methods A total of 1608 udder quarters were sampled from 411 cows using a questionnaire, clinical examination, California Mastitis Test and milk culture. Primary isolation of coliform bacteria was done on MacConkey agar while identification of coliforms employed Gram-staining and biochemical testing. Each coliform bacterial isolate was challenged with 11 antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results The prevalence of mastitis was 53.0% (218/411) and 33.1% (532/1608) at the cow- and quarter-levels respectively. Overall, 21.9% (90/411) cows and 8.2% (132/1608) udder quarters showed coliform mastitis. Escherichia coli was isolated in 7.0% of mastitis milk, and other coliforms isolated were Enterobacter cloacae (12.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.4%), Enterobacter sakazakii (1.1%), Klebsiella oxytoca (0.8%), Citrobacter freudii (0.4%), Serratia ficaria (0.4%) and Serratia liquefaciens (0.2%). Lactation stage, breed, history of mastitis and moist/muddy faeces contaminated environment were significantly associated (P-value < 0.05) with coliform mastitis. Coliform isolates (99.0%; 203/205) were resistant to at least one antibiotic tested. Amoxicillin had the highest resistance (88.8%) while norfloxacin had the least resistance (3.4%). Multidrug resistance was exhibited by 52.7% (108/205) of the isolates in a proportion of 27.8% Enterobacter cloacae, 10.7% E. coli, 6.3% Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2.9% Enterobacter sakazakii, 2.0% Klebsiella oxytoca, 1.0% Citrobacter freundii, 1.0% Serratia ficaria, 0.5% Serratia liquefaciens and 0.5% Serratia odorifera. Conclusion Results indicate a need to educate these dairy farmers about mastitis (particularly subclinical), proper hygiene methods in milking and the public health implications of consuming contaminated raw milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Anneh Abegewi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Seraphine Nkie Esemu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Roland N. Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Lucy M. Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- * E-mail:
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Oyono MG, Kenmoe S, Abanda NN, Takuissu GR, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kenfack-Momo R, Kengne-Nde C, Mbaga DS, Tchatchouang S, Kenfack-Zanguim J, Lontuo Fogang R, Zeuko’o Menkem E, Ndzie Ondigui JL, Kame-Ngasse GI, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Bowo-Ngandji A, Nkie Esemu S, Ndip L. Epidemiology of yellow fever virus in humans, arthropods, and non-human primates in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010610. [PMID: 35867659 PMCID: PMC9307179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) has re-emerged in the last two decades causing several outbreaks in endemic countries and spreading to new receptive regions. This changing epidemiology of YF creates new challenges for global public health efforts. Yellow fever is caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV) that circulates between humans, the mosquito vector, and non-human primates (NHP). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we review and analyse data on the case fatality rate (CFR) and prevalence of YFV in humans, and on the prevalence of YFV in arthropods, and NHP in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, African Journal Online, and African Index Medicus databases. We included studies reporting data on the CFR and/or prevalence of YFV. Extracted data was verified and analysed using the random effect meta-analysis. We conducted subgroup, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias analyses using the random effect meta-analysis while I2 statistic was employed to determine heterogeneity. This review was registered with PROSPERO under the identification CRD42021242444. The final meta-analysis included 55 studies. The overall case fatality rate due to YFV was 31.1% (18.3–45.4) in humans and pooled prevalence of YFV infection was 9.4% (6.9–12.2) in humans. Only five studies in West and East Africa detected the YFV in mosquito species of the genus Aedes and in Anopheles funestus. In NHP, YFV antibodies were found only in members of the Cercopithecidae family. Our analysis provides evidence on the ongoing circulation of the YFV in humans, Aedes mosquitoes and NHP in SSA. These observations highlight the ongoing transmission of the YFV and its potential to cause large outbreaks in SSA. As such, strategies such as those proposed by the WHO’s Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics (EYE) initiative are urgently needed to control and prevent yellow fever outbreaks in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gael Oyono
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- * E-mail:
| | - Ngu Njei Abanda
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Guy Roussel Takuissu
- Centre for Food, Food Security and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Nde
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Lucy Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
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14
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Kenmoe S, Atenguena Okobalemba E, Takuissu GR, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Oyono MG, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Kame-Ngasse GI, Taya-Fokou JB, Mbongue Mikangue CA, Kenfack-Momo R, Mbaga DS, Bowo-Ngandji A, Kengne-Ndé C, Esemu SN, Njouom R, Ndip L. Association between early viral lower respiratory tract infections and subsequent asthma development. World J Crit Care Med 2022; 11:298-310. [PMID: 36051944 PMCID: PMC9305678 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v11.i4.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between hospitalization for human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) bronchiolitis in early childhood and subsequent asthma is well established. The long-term prognosis for non-bronchiolitis lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) caused by viruses different from HRSV and rhinovirus, on the other hand, has received less interest.
AIM To investigate the relationship between infant LRTI and later asthma and examine the influence of confounding factors.
METHODS The PubMed and Global Index Medicus bibliographic databases were used to search for articles published up to October 2021 for this systematic review. We included cohort studies comparing the incidence of asthma between patients with and without LRTI at ≤ 2 years regardless of the virus responsible. The meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model. Sources of heterogeneity were assessed by stratified analyses.
RESULTS This review included 15 articles (18 unique studies) that met the inclusion criteria. LRTIs at ≤ 2 years were associated with an increased risk of subsequent asthma up to 20 years [odds ratio (OR) = 5.0, 95%CI: 3.3-7.5], with doctor-diagnosed asthma (OR = 5.3, 95%CI: 3.3-8.6), current asthma (OR = 5.4, 95%CI: 2.7-10.6), and current medication for asthma (OR = 1.2, 95%CI: 0.7-3.9). Our overall estimates were not affected by publication bias (P = 0.671), but there was significant heterogeneity [I2 = 58.8% (30.6-75.5)]. Compared to studies with hospitalized controls without LRTI, those with ambulatory controls had a significantly higher strength of association between LRTIs and subsequent asthma. The strength of the association between LRTIs and later asthma varied significantly by country and age at the time of the interview. The sensitivity analyses including only studies with similar proportions of confounding factors (gender, age at LRTI development, age at interview, gestational age, birth weight, weight, height, smoking exposure, crowding, family history of atopy, and family history of asthma) between cases and controls did not alter the overall estimates.
CONCLUSION Regardless of the causative virus and confounding factors, viral LRTIs in children < 2 years are associated with an increased risk of developing a subsequent asthma. Parents and pediatricians should be informed of this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Guy Roussel Takuissu
- Centre of Research in Food, Food Security and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Martin Gael Oyono
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Donatien Serge Mbaga
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National Aids Control Committee, Douala 00237, Cameroon
| | - Seraphine Nkie Esemu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Lucy Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
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15
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Kenfack-Momo R, Kenmoe S, Takuissu GR, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kengne-Ndé C, Mbaga DS, Tchatchouang S, Oyono MG, Kenfack-Zanguim J, Lontuo Fogang R, Mbongue Mikangue CA, Zeuko'o Menkem E, Ndzie Ondigui JL, Kame-Ngasse GI, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Taya-Fokou JB, Bowo-Ngandji A, Nkie Esemu S, Kamdem Thiomo D, Moundipa Fewou P, Ndip L, Njouom R. Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus infections among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269250. [PMID: 35639675 PMCID: PMC9154112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Due to their common routes of transmission, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) has become a major public health problem worldwide, particularly in Africa, where these viruses are endemic. Few systematic reviews report the epidemiological data of HBV and/or HCV coinfection with HIV in Africa, and none provided data on the case fatality rate (CFR) associated with this coinfection. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and case fatality rate of HBV and/or HCV infections among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in Africa. Methods We conducted a systematic review of published articles in PubMed, Web of Science, African Journal Online, and African Index Medicus up to January 2022. Manual searches of references from retrieved articles and grey literature were also performed. The meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. Sources of heterogeneity were investigated using subgroup analysis, while funnel plots and Egger tests were performed to assess publication bias. Results Of the 4388 articles retrieved from the databases, 314 studies met all the inclusion criteria. The overall HBV case fatality rate estimate was 4.4% (95% CI; 0.7–10.3). The overall seroprevalences of HBV infection, HCV infection, and HBV/HCV coinfection in PLHIV were 10.5% [95% CI = 9.6–11.3], 5.4% [95% CI = 4.6–6.2], and 0.7% [95% CI = 0.3–1.0], respectively. The pooled seroprevalences of current HBsAg, current HBeAg, and acute HBV infection among PLHIV were 10.7% [95% CI = 9.8–11.6], 7.0% [95% CI = 4.7–9.7], and 3.6% [95% CI = 0.0–11.0], respectively. Based on HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA detection, the seroprevalences of HBV and HCV infection in PLHIV were 17.1% [95% CI = 11.5–23.7] and 2.5% [95% CI = 0.9–4.6], respectively. Subgroup analysis showed substantial heterogeneity. Conclusions In Africa, the prevalence of hepatotropic viruses, particularly HBV and HCV, is high in PLHIV, which increases the case fatality rate. African public health programs should emphasize the need to apply and comply with WHO guidelines on viral hepatitis screening and treatment in HIV-coinfected patients. Review registration PROSPERO, CRD42021237795.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Guy Roussel Takuissu
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Martin Gael Oyono
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Lucy Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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16
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Mbaga DS, Kenmoe S, Njiki Bikoï J, Takuissu GR, Amougou-Atsama M, Atenguena Okobalemba E, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Bowo-Ngandji A, Oyono MG, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Kame-Ngasse GI, Nka AD, Feudjio AF, Zemnou-Tepap C, Adamou Velhima E, Ndzie Ondigui JL, Nayang-Mundo RA, Touangnou-Chamda SA, Kamtchueng Takeu Y, Taya-Fokou JB, Mbongue Mikangue CA, Kenfack-Momo R, Kengne-Ndé C, Sake CS, Esemu SN, Njouom R, Ndip L, Riwom Essama SH. Global prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Methodol 2022; 12:179-190. [PMID: 35721241 PMCID: PMC9157636 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v12.i3.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis C infection (OCI) is characterized by the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in the liver, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and/or ultracentrifuged serum in the absence of detectable HCV-RNA in serum. OCI has been described in several categories of populations including hemodialysis patients, patients with a sustained virological response, immunocompromised individuals, patients with abnormal hepatic function, and apparently healthy subjects.
AIM To highlight the global prevalence of OCI.
METHODS We performed a systematic and comprehensive literature search in the following 4 electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, Global Index Medicus, and Web of Science up to 6th May 2021 to retrieve relevant studies published in the field. Included studies were unrestricted population categories with known RNA status in serum, PBMC, liver tissue and/or ultracentrifuged serum. Data were extracted independently by each author and the Hoy et al tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. We used the random-effect meta-analysis model to estimate the proportions of OCI and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The Cochran's Q-test and the I2 test statistics were used to assess heterogeneity between studies. Funnel plot and Egger test were used to examine publication bias. R software version 4.1.0 was used for all analyses.
RESULTS The electronic search resulted in 3950 articles. We obtained 102 prevalence data from 85 included studies. The pooled prevalence of seronegative OCI was estimated to be 9.61% (95%CI: 6.84-12.73) with substantial heterogeneity [I² = 94.7% (95%CI: 93.8%-95.4%), P < 0.0001]. Seropositive OCI prevalence was estimated to be 13.39% (95%CI: 7.85-19.99) with substantial heterogeneity [I2 = 93.0% (90.8%-94.7%)]. Higher seronegative OCI prevalence was found in Southern Europe and Northern Africa, and in patients with abnormal liver function, hematological disorders, and kidney diseases. Higher seropositive OCI prevalence was found in Southern Europe, Northern America, and Northern Africa.
CONCLUSION In conclusion, in the present study, it appears that the burden of OCI is high and variable across the different regions and population categories. Further studies on OCI are needed to assess the transmissibility, clinical significance, long-term outcome, and need for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatien Serge Mbaga
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Jacky Njiki Bikoï
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Guy Roussel Takuissu
- Centre of Research in Food, Food Security and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Marie Amougou-Atsama
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Emergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Martin Gael Oyono
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Alex Durand Nka
- Virology Laboratory, Chantal Biya International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Cromwel Zemnou-Tepap
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Elie Adamou Velhima
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Yrene Kamtchueng Takeu
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National Aids Control Committee, Douala 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Seraphine Nkie Esemu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Lucy Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
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17
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Akomoneh EA, Esemu SN, Jerome Kfusi A, Ndip RN, Ndip LM. Prevalence and virulence gene profiles of Escherichia coli O157 from cattle slaughtered in Buea, Cameroon. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235583. [PMID: 33320853 PMCID: PMC7737970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli O157 is an emerging foodborne pathogen of great public health concern. It has been associated with bloody diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. Most human infections have been traced to cattle and the consumption of contaminated cattle products. In order to understand the risk associated with the consumption of cattle products, this study sought to investigate the prevalence and identify virulence genes in E. coli O157 from cattle in Cameroon. Method A total of 512 rectal samples were obtained and analysed using conventional bacteriological methods (enrichment on modified Tryptone Soy Broth and selective plating on Cefixime-Tellurite Sorbitol Mac-Conkey Agar) for the isolation of E. coli O157. Presumptive E. coli O157 isolates were confirmed serologically using E. COLIPROTM O157 latex agglutination test and molecularly using PCR targeting the rfb gene in the isolates. Characterisation of the confirmed E. coli O157 strains was done by amplification of stx1, stx2, eaeA and hlyA virulence genes using both singleplex and multiplex PCR. Results E. coli O157 was detected in 56 (10.9%) of the 512 samples examined. The presence of the virulence genes stx2, eaeA and hylA was demonstrated in 96.4% (54/56) of the isolates and stx1 in 40 (71.4%) of the 54. The isolates exhibited three genetic profiles (I-III) with I (stx1, stx2, eaeA and hlyA) being the most prevalent (40/56; 71.4%) while two isolates had none of the virulence genes tested. Conclusion A proportion of cattle slaughtered in abattoirs in Buea are infected with pathogenic E. coli O157 and could be a potential source of human infections. We recommend proper animal food processing measures and proper hygiene be prescribed and implemented to reduce the risk of beef contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Achondou Akomoneh
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Seraphine Nkie Esemu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Achah Jerome Kfusi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Roland N Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Lucy M Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
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18
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Mandaah FV, Nicholas T, Esemu SN, Vanessa ABT, Destin KTG, Atiepoh NC, Vanessa LF. Trends in the population knowledge, attitudes and practices toward COVID-19 in the Buea municipality two months after the onset of the pandemic in Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 37:134. [PMID: 33425167 PMCID: PMC7757218 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.134.24821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION two months into the COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon, we assess the trend in the knowledge, attitude and practices of the population with the progression of the disease and the implementation of preventive methods put in place by the government of Cameroon and health partners organizations in response to the pandemic. METHODS this was a cross-sectional study conducted in selected health areas in the Buea municipality. A questionnaire was administered at the onset and two months later to collect data on the participants´ knowledge, attitude and practices towards COVID-19. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 25. RESULTS a total of 480 and 680 participants were sampled at onset and two months later respectively. Of the 26 indicators of knowledge assessed, 22 (84.61%) showed significant increase (p<0.05) with the most significant changes observed with the symptoms, mode of transmission and prevention of the disease. The overall proportion of people with correct knowledge moved from 9.1% at onset to 41.4% two months after. Only 1.5% of participants had poor knowledge of the pandemic two months after against 14.2% at the onset. There was a significant (p<0.05) positive change in the population perception, attitude and practices toward COVID-19 two months after the onset of the pandemic. CONCLUSION the population knowledge, attitude and practices on COVID-19 showed a positive trend two months after the onset of the pandemic. The implementation of government and health stakeholder preventive measures together with the incidence of the pandemic in Cameroon probably had a positive impact on the positive trend observed. There is a need for continuous sensitization to completely fill the knowledge gap of the population on COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seraphine Nkie Esemu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Lambou Fopa Vanessa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
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19
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Nicholas T, Mandaah FV, Esemu SN, Vanessa ABT, Gilchrist KTD, Vanessa LF, Shey ND. COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes and practices in a conflict affected area of the South West Region of Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 35:34. [PMID: 33623559 PMCID: PMC7875723 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.2.22963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction since December 2019, the world is experiencing, the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the Virus SARS-CoV-2. It is feared that the pandemic maybe more devastating in conflict affected areas in the world. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices with regard to the COVID-19 in Buea municipality, Cameroon. Methods this was a cross-sectional study carried out in communities selected from 5 health areas of the Buea Health District. A questionnaire was administered to collect data on the knowledge, attitudes and practices on COVID-19. The knowledge was measured using a 26-points Liker scale on awareness, mode of transmission, clinical manifestation, site of the infection and prevention. The data was analyzed in SPSS version 25. Results of the 545 particpants who consented, 21.9% had a correct knowledge of COVID-19, 43.8% had intermediate knowledge, 34.4% had poor knowledge and 11.93% had no knowledge. Majority of the participants (73.3%) knew they were at risk of contacting the infection. They were aware that cleaning and disinfecting the environment (78.8%), reducing contact with animals (56.3%) could help prevent the infection. Even though participants knew about the face mask (93.5%) and hand sanitizers (88.8%), only 21.7% and 32.9% had purchased them respectively. Few participants reported that they will go to a man of God (6.0%), native doctor (3.5%) and auto-medication (25.8%) if infected. Conclusion There is still a knowledge gap in the Buea population with respect to COVID-19. The population is aware of the disease and preventive measures, but few have taken steps to procure essential tools for the prevention. There is need to intensify sensitization to fill the knowledge gap the population has with regards to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tendongfor Nicholas
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | - Seraphine Nkie Esemu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.,Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Lambou Fopa Vanessa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Nsagha Dickson Shey
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
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20
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Ndip LM, Ndip RN, Esemu SN, Dickmu VL, Fokam EB, Walker DH, McBride JW. Ehrlichial infection in Cameroonian canines by Ehrlichia canis and Ehrlichia ewingii. Vet Microbiol 2005; 111:59-66. [PMID: 16181750 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2005] [Revised: 08/02/2005] [Accepted: 08/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii are agents of emerging human ehrlichioses in North America and are transmitted primarily by Amblyomma americanum ticks, while Ehrlichia canis is the globally distributed cause of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) and is transmitted by the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Although E. canis and Ehrlichia ruminantium are endemic in Africa, the presence of ehrlichial agents in dogs and ticks in Cameroon has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ehrlichial infections in Cameronian dogs using a combination of serologic and molecular methods. Peripheral blood was collected, clinical signs and the presence or absence of ticks on dogs (n=104) presenting for various reasons at local veterinary clinics around the Mount Cameroon region were noted. IFA identified 33 dogs (32%) with antibodies reactive with E. canis, and reactivity of these sera with all major E. canis antigens (200, 140, 95, 75, 47, 36, 28, and 19-kDa) was confirmed by immunoblotting. Multicolor real-time PCR detected ehrlichial DNA (E. canis (15) and E. ewingii (2)) in 17 dogs (16.3%), all of which had attached ticks at time of presentation. The dsb amplicons (378 bp) from E. canis and E. ewingii were identical to gene sequences from North American isolates. This study identifies canine ehrlichiosis as a prevalent unrecognized cause of disease in Cameroonian canines.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Ndip
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon
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