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Kanmalar M, Kamal R, Abdul Sani SF, Pathmanathan D, Bm Said NA, Paramanantham Y, Abd Jamil AH, Mun KS, Kuppusamy S, Almugren KS, Almajid HF, Bradley DA. Spectroscopic diagnosis and metabolite characterization of cisplatin resistance regulated by FDFT1 in bladder cancer tissue. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 210:111372. [PMID: 38810354 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
As is the case for most solid tumours, chemotherapy remains the backbone in the management of metastatic disease. However, the occurrence of chemotherapy resistance is a cause to worry, especially in bladder cancer. Extensive evidence indicates molecular changes in bladder cancer cells to be the underlying cause of chemotherapy resistance, including the reduced expression of farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1) - a gene involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. This can likely be a hallmark in examining the resistance and sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs. This work performs spectroscopic analysis and metabolite characterization on resistant, sensitive, stable-disease and healthy bladder tissues. Raman spectroscopy has detected peaks at around 1003 cm-1 (squalene), 1178 cm-1 (cholesterol), 1258 cm-1 (cholesteryl ester), 1343 cm-1 (collagen), 1525 cm-1 (carotenoid), 1575 cm-1 (DNA bases) and 1608 cm-1 (cytosine). The peak parameters were examined, and statistical analysis was performed on the peak features, attaining significant differences between the sample groups. Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements observed the triglyceride peak together with 6th, 7th and 8th - order collagen peaks; peak parameters were also determined. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) detected seven trace elements. Carbon (Ca), magnesium (Mg), chlorine (Cl) and sodium (Na) have been found to have the greatest concentration in the sample groups, suggestive of a role as a biomarker for cisplatin resistance studies. Results from the present research are suggested to provide an important insight into understanding the development of drug resistance in bladder cancer, opening up the possibility of novel avenues for treatment through personalised interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kanmalar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Raihan Kamal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S F Abdul Sani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Dharini Pathmanathan
- Department of Mathematic, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Akmarina Bm Said
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Amira Hajirah Abd Jamil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K S Mun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Kuppusamy
- Department of Surgery, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K S Almugren
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hadeel F Almajid
- Medicine College, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - D A Bradley
- Sunway University, Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, Jalan Universiti, 46150, PJ, Malaysia; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
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Yue S, Feng X, Cai Y, Ibrahim SA, Liu Y, Huang W. Regulation of Tumor Apoptosis of Poriae cutis-Derived Lanostane Triterpenes by AKT/PI3K and MAPK Signaling Pathways In Vitro. Nutrients 2023; 15:4360. [PMID: 37892435 PMCID: PMC10610537 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos is traditionally used as both food and medicine. Triterpenoids in Poria cocos have a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as diuretic, sedative and tonic properties. In this study, the anti-tumor activities of poricoic acid A (PAA) and poricoic acid B (PAB), purified by high-speed counter-current chromatography, as well as their mechanisms and signaling pathways, were investigated using a HepG2 cell model. After treatment with PAA and PAB on HepG2 cells, the apoptosis was obviously increased (p < 0.05), and the cell cycle arrested in the G2/M phase. Studies showed that PAA and PAB can also inhibit the occurrence and development of tumor cells by stimulating the generation of ROS in tumor cells and inhibiting tumor migration and invasion. Combined Polymerase Chain Reaction and computer simulation of molecular docking were employed to explore the mechanism of tumor proliferation inhibition by PAA and PAB. By interfering with phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B, Mitogen-activated protein kinases and p53 signaling pathways; and further affecting the expression of downstream caspases; matrix metalloproteinase family, cyclin-dependent kinase -cyclin, Intercellular adhesion molecules-1, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 and Cyclooxygenase -2, may be responsible for their anti-tumor activity. Overall, the results suggested that PAA and PAB induced apoptosis, halted the cell cycle, and inhibited tumor migration and invasion through multi-pathway interactions, which may serve as a potential therapeutic agent against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Xi Feng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA;
| | - Yousheng Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, 171 Carver Hall, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Wen Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
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Zhao L, Wang Z, Xu Y, Zhang P, Qiu J, Nie D, Wu G, Chen C, Chang Y, Xia Q. Sphingosine kinase 1 regulates lipid metabolism to promote progression of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154641. [PMID: 37467634 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To detect the expression of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and explore its biological role in the occurrence and development of ccRCC through regulation of fatty acid metabolism. METHODS Using the Cancer Genome Atlas database, SPHK1 expression and its clinical significance were detected in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect SPHK1 expression in RCC samples in our hospital. The connection between the SPHK1 levels and clinicopathological features of patients was assessed. Nile Red was used to detect fatty acids in cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays were performed to determine the effect of SPHK1 on renal cell viability and proliferation, respectively. Additionally, the effects of SPHK1 on the proliferation and metastasis of ccRCC were studied using wound healing and Transwell assays. Fatty acids were added exogenously in recovery experiments and western blotting was performed to determine the effect of SPHK1 on fatty acid metabolism in ccRCC. Finally, the effects of SPHK1 on tumor growth were investigated in a xenograft model. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed that SPHK1 expression was upregulated in kidney RCC. OverSPHK1 expression was associated with poor prognosis for ccRCC patients. High SPHK1 expression was detected in human ccRCC. SPHK1 expression was related to clinicopathological features, such as tumor size and Furman grade. Additionally, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were inhibited in ccRCC cells with low SPHK1 expression. In rescue experiments, proliferation, migration, and invasion were restored. In vivo, reduced SPHK1 levels correlated with lower expression of fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, and acetyl CoA carboxylase, and slowed tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS SPHK1 is abnormally overexpressed in human ccRCC. Patients with ccRCC may benefit from treatments that target SPHK1, which may also serve as a prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leizuo Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China; Department of Urology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying 257000, China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Yingkun Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peizhi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Jiechuan Qiu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Dengke Nie
- Department of Chest Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Guangzhen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Urology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong University 252000, China
| | - Yao Chang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Qinghua Xia
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China.
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Araújo R, Fabris V, Lamb CA, Elía A, Lanari C, Helguero LA, Gil AM. Tumor Lipid Signatures Are Descriptive of Acquisition of Therapy Resistance in an Endocrine-Related Breast Cancer Mouse Model. J Proteome Res 2023. [PMID: 37497607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The lipid metabolism adaptations of estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer tumors from a mouse syngeneic model are investigated in relation to differences across the transition from hormone-dependent (HD) to hormone-independent (HI) tumor growth and the acquisition of endocrine therapy (ET) resistance (HIR tumors). Results are articulated with reported polar metabolome results to complete a metabolic picture of the above transitions and suggest markers of tumor progression and aggressiveness. Untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics was used to analyze tumor and mammary tissue lipid extracts. Tumor progression (HD-HI-HIR) was accompanied by increased nonesterified cholesterol forms and phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelins, and plasmalogens) and decreased relative contents of triglycerides and fatty acids. Predominating fatty acids became shorter and more saturated on average. These results were consistent with gradually more activated cholesterol synthesis, β-oxidation, and phospholipid biosynthesis to sustain tumor growth, as well as an increase in cholesterol (possibly oxysterol) forms. Particular compound levels and ratios were identified as potential endocrine tumor HD-HI-HIR progression markers, supporting new hypotheses to explain acquired ET resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Araújo
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Victoria Fabris
- IByME - Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428 ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Caroline A Lamb
- IByME - Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428 ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Elía
- IByME - Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428 ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Lanari
- IByME - Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428 ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luisa A Helguero
- iBIMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M Gil
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Cutshaw G, Uthaman S, Hassan N, Kothadiya S, Wen X, Bardhan R. The Emerging Role of Raman Spectroscopy as an Omics Approach for Metabolic Profiling and Biomarker Detection toward Precision Medicine. Chem Rev 2023; 123:8297-8346. [PMID: 37318957 PMCID: PMC10626597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Omics technologies have rapidly evolved with the unprecedented potential to shape precision medicine. Novel omics approaches are imperative toallow rapid and accurate data collection and integration with clinical information and enable a new era of healthcare. In this comprehensive review, we highlight the utility of Raman spectroscopy (RS) as an emerging omics technology for clinically relevant applications using clinically significant samples and models. We discuss the use of RS both as a label-free approach for probing the intrinsic metabolites of biological materials, and as a labeled approach where signal from Raman reporters conjugated to nanoparticles (NPs) serve as an indirect measure for tracking protein biomarkers in vivo and for high throughout proteomics. We summarize the use of machine learning algorithms for processing RS data to allow accurate detection and evaluation of treatment response specifically focusing on cancer, cardiac, gastrointestinal, and neurodegenerative diseases. We also highlight the integration of RS with established omics approaches for holistic diagnostic information. Further, we elaborate on metal-free NPs that leverage the biological Raman-silent region overcoming the challenges of traditional metal NPs. We conclude the review with an outlook on future directions that will ultimately allow the adaptation of RS as a clinical approach and revolutionize precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cutshaw
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
| | - Saji Uthaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
| | - Nora Hassan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
| | - Siddhant Kothadiya
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
| | - Xiaona Wen
- Biologics Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Rizia Bardhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
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Mohd Nor Ihsan NS, Abdul Sani SF, Looi LM, Cheah PL, Chiew SF, Pathmanathan D, Bradley DA. A review: Exploring the metabolic and structural characterisation of beta pleated amyloid fibril in human tissue using Raman spectrometry and SAXS. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023:S0079-6107(23)00059-7. [PMID: 37307955 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a deleterious condition caused by abnormal amyloid fibril build-up in living tissues. To date, 42 proteins that are linked to amyloid fibrils have been discovered. Amyloid fibril structure variation can affect the severity, progression rate, or clinical symptoms of amyloidosis. Since amyloid fibril build-up is the primary pathological basis for various neurodegenerative illnesses, characterization of these deadly proteins, particularly utilising optical techniques have been a focus. Spectroscopy techniques provide significant non-invasive platforms for the investigation of the structure and conformation of amyloid fibrils, offering a wide spectrum of analyses ranging from nanometric to micrometric size scales. Even though this area of study has been intensively explored, there still remain aspects of amyloid fibrillization that are not fully known, a matter hindering progress in treating and curing amyloidosis. This review aims to provide recent updates and comprehensive information on optical techniques for metabolic and proteomic characterization of β-pleated amyloid fibrils found in human tissue with thorough literature analysis of publications. Raman spectroscopy and SAXS are well established experimental methods for study of structural properties of biomaterials. With suitable models, they offer extended information for valid proteomic analysis under physiologically relevant conditions. This review points to evidence that despite limitations, these techniques are able to provide for the necessary output and proteomics indication in order to extrapolate the aetiology of amyloid fibrils for reliable diagnostic purposes. Our metabolic database may also contribute to elucidating the nature and function of the amyloid proteome in development and clearance of amyloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Mohd Nor Ihsan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S F Abdul Sani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - L M Looi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P L Cheah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S F Chiew
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dharini Pathmanathan
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - D A Bradley
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, Sunway University, 46150 PJ, Malaysia; Department of Physics, School of Mathematics & Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
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Carvalho Leão MH, Costa ML, Mermelstein C. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as a learning paradigm of cell biology. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:352-366. [PMID: 36411367 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex biological process that occurs during normal embryogenesis and in certain pathological conditions, particularly in cancer. EMT can be viewed as a cell biology-based process, since it involves all the cellular components, including the plasma membrane, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and mitochondria, as well as cellular processes, such as regulation of gene expression and cell cycle, adhesion, migration, signaling, differentiation, and death. Therefore, we propose that EMT could be used to motivate undergraduate medical students to learn and understand cell biology. Here, we describe and discuss the involvement of each cellular component and process during EMT. To investigate the density with which different cell biology concepts are used in EMT research, we apply a bibliometric approach. The most frequent cell biology topics in EMT studies were regulation of gene expression, cell signaling, cell cycle, cell adhesion, cell death, cell differentiation, and cell migration. Finally, we suggest that the study of EMT could be incorporated into undergraduate disciplines to improve cell biology understanding among premedical, medical and biomedical students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manoel Luis Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Mermelstein
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sezer G, Onses MS, Sakir M, Sahin F, Çamdal A, Sezer Z, Inal A, Ciftci Z. Indomethacin prevents TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells; evidence by Raman spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 280:121493. [PMID: 35728400 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a very low survival rate due to the late detection and poor response to chemotherapy. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered an important step in tumor progression with regard to invasion and metastasis, and Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling has been shown to play an important role in EMT. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether indomethacin, an anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug, has any effect on TGF-β-induced EMT in pancreatic cancer cell line and analyze the changes in their molecular structures by Raman spectroscopy and other molecular techniques. Indomethacin treated Panc-1 cells were analyzed with Raman spectroscopy, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence techniques after the induction of EMT with TGF-β. The exposure of Panc-1 cells to TGF-β resulted in characteristic morphological alterations of EMT, and indomethacin inhibits TGF-β-induced EMT through up-regulation of E-cadherin and down-regulation of N-cadherin and Snail expressions. Raman spectroscopy supported by principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed the effects of both TGF-β and indomethacin. Raman spectra were further analyzed using the PCA-assisted vector machine algorithm and it was seen that the data could be classified with 97.6% accuracy. Our results suggest that indomethacin may have a significant effect on PDAC metastasis, and Raman spectroscopy was able to probe EMT-related changes and the efficacy of indomethacin in a short time and without the need for specific reagents compared to other molecular techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulay Sezer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkiye; Genkok Genome and Stem Cell Centre, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkiye.
| | - Mustafa Serdar Onses
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkiye; ERNAM - Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Menekse Sakir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkiye; ERNAM - Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Furkan Sahin
- ERNAM - Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Ali Çamdal
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin College Green Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Zafer Sezer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Ahmet Inal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Zeynep Ciftci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkiye
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Ali AA, Bagheri Y, Tian Q, You M. Advanced DNA Zipper Probes for Detecting Cell Membrane Lipid Domains. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7579-7587. [PMID: 36084301 PMCID: PMC10368464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The cell membrane is a complex mixture of lipids, proteins, and other components. By forming dynamic lipid domains, different membrane molecules can selectively interact with each other to control cell signaling. Herein, we report several new types of lipid-DNA conjugates, termed as "DNA zippers", which can be used to measure cell membrane dynamic interactions and the formation of lipid domains. Dependent on the choice of lipid moieties, cholesterol- and sphingomyelin-conjugated DNA zippers specifically locate in and detect membrane lipid-ordered domains, while in contrast, a tocopherol-DNA zipper can be applied for the selective imaging of lipid-disordered phases. These versatile and programmable probes can be further engineered into membrane competition assays to simultaneously detect multiple types of membrane dynamic interactions. These DNA zipper probes can be broadly used to study the correlation between lipid domains and various cellular processes, such as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Ausaf Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Yousef Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Qian Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Mingxu You
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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10
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Asadirad A, Khodadadi A, Talaiezadeh A, Shohan M, Rashno M, Joudaki N. Evaluation of miRNA-21-5p and miRNA-10b-5p levels in serum-derived exosomes of breast cancer patients in different grades. Mol Cell Probes 2022; 64:101831. [PMID: 35660458 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2022.101831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Tumor cells have various effects and dominance over other healthy cells. Cancer cells alter the cell program in healthy cells by secreting exosomes containing microRNAs involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). They can migrate to distant organs and establish a pre-metastatic niche. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of miRNA-21-5p and miRNA-10b-5p, both of which are involved in EMT, in breast cancer-derived exosomes of various grades in order to identify new biomarkers involved in breast cancer progression. METHODS In this study, a blood sample was taken from 60 patients with grades I, II, or III breast cancer, as well as twenty healthy individuals as a control group. The exosomes were then purified from serum samples, and their relative expression of miRNA-21-5p and miRNA-10b-5p was determined using the real-time PCR method. RESULTS miRNA-21-5p expression was significantly increased in patients with breast cancer grades I, II, and III compared to the control group (p < 0.01), (p < 0.0001) and (p < 0.0001), respectively, as was miRNA-10b-5p expression in patients with breast cancer grades I, II, and III compared to the control group (p < 0.0001), (p < 0.0001) and (p < 0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSION Our results show that both microRNAs increase as cells lose their differentiation and become more invasive, which is evidence of cancer progression. Hence, both microRNAs may have the potential to be used alone or in combination with other biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asadirad
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadadi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abdolhassan Talaiezadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Surgery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shohan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Joudaki
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Interplay between Metabolism Reprogramming and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081973. [PMID: 33923958 PMCID: PMC8072988 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor cells display important plasticity potential. Notably, tumor cells have the ability to change toward immature cells called cancer stem cells under the influence of the tumor environment. Importantly, cancer stem cells are a small subset of relatively quiescent cells that, unlike rapidly dividing differentiated tumor cells, escape standard chemotherapies, causing relapse or recurrence of cancer. Interestingly, these cells adopt a specific metabolism. Most often, they mainly rely on glucose uptake and metabolism to sustain their energy needs. This metabolic reprogramming is set off by environmental factors such as pro-inflammatory signals or catecholamine hormones (epinephrine, norepinephrine). A better understanding of this process could provide opportunities to kill cancer stem cells. Indeed, it would become possible to develop drugs that act specifically on metabolic pathways used by these cells. These new drugs could be used to strengthen the effects of current chemotherapies and overcome cancers with poor prognoses. Abstract Tumor cells display important plasticity potential, which contributes to intratumoral heterogeneity. Notably, tumor cells have the ability to retrodifferentiate toward immature states under the influence of their microenvironment. Importantly, this phenotypical conversion is paralleled by a metabolic rewiring, and according to the metabostemness theory, metabolic reprogramming represents the first step of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and acquisition of stemness features. Most cancer stem cells (CSC) adopt a glycolytic phenotype even though cells retain functional mitochondria. Such adaptation is suggested to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), protecting CSC from detrimental effects of ROS. CSC may also rely on glutaminolysis or fatty acid metabolism to sustain their energy needs. Besides pro-inflammatory cytokines that are well-known to initiate the retrodifferentiation process, the release of catecholamines in the microenvironment of the tumor can modulate both EMT and metabolic changes in cancer cells through the activation of EMT transcription factors (ZEB1, Snail, or Slug (SNAI2)). Importantly, the acquisition of stem cell properties favors the resistance to standard care chemotherapies. Hence, a better understanding of this process could pave the way for the development of therapies targeting CSC metabolism, providing new strategies to eradicate the whole tumor mass in cancers with unmet needs.
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