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Zou W, Yu Q, Ma Y, Sun G, Feng X, Ge L. Pivotal role of heterotrimeric G protein in the crosstalk between sugar signaling and abiotic stress response in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108567. [PMID: 38554538 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G-proteins are key modulators of multiple signaling and developmental pathways in plants, in which they act as molecular switches to engage in transmitting various stimuli signals from outside into the cells. Substantial studies have identified G proteins as essential components of the organismal response to abiotic stress, leading to adaptation and survival in plants. Meanwhile, sugars are also well acknowledged key players in stress perception, signaling, and gene expression regulation. Connections between the two significant signaling pathways in stress response are of interest to a general audience in plant biology. In this article, advances unraveling a pivotal role of G proteins in the process of sugar signals outside the cells being translated into the operation of autophagy in cells during stress are reviewed. In addition, we have presented recent findings on G proteins regulating the response to drought, salt, alkali, cold, heat and other abiotic stresses. Perspectives on G-protein research are also provided in the end. Since G protein signaling regulates many agronomic traits, elucidation of detailed mechanism of the related pathways would provide useful insights for the breeding of abiotic stress resistant and high-yield crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Zou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and High Quality Development of Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Yellow River Basin, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Qian Yu
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yu Ma
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Guoning Sun
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xue Feng
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lei Ge
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Academician Workstation of Agricultural High-tech Industrial Area of the Yellow River Delta, National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying, Shandong, 257300, China.
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Mohanasundaram B, Pandey S. Moving beyond the arabidopsis-centric view of G-protein signaling in plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1406-1421. [PMID: 37625950 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G-protein-mediated signaling is a key mechanism to transduce a multitude of endogenous and environmental signals in diverse organisms. The scope and expectations of plant G-protein research were set by pioneering work in metazoans. Given the similarity of the core constituents, G-protein-signaling mechanisms were presumed to be universally conserved. However, because of the enormous diversity of survival strategies and endless forms among eukaryotes, the signal, its interpretation, and responses vary even among different plant groups. Earlier G-protein research in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has emphasized its divergence from Metazoa. Here, we compare recent evidence from diverse plant lineages with the available arabidopsis G-protein model and discuss the conserved and novel protein components, signaling mechanisms, and response regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sona Pandey
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St Louis, MO 63132, USA.
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Prasanna JA, Mandal VK, Kumar D, Chakraborty N, Raghuram N. Nitrate-responsive transcriptome analysis of rice RGA1 mutant reveals the role of G-protein alpha subunit in negative regulation of nitrogen-sensitivity and use efficiency. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1987-2010. [PMID: 37874341 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Nitrate-responsive transcriptomic, phenotypic and physiological analyses of rice RGA1 mutant revealed many novel RGA1-regulated genes/processes/traits related to nitrogen use efficiency, and provided robust genetic evidence of RGA1-regulation of NUE. Nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) is important for sustainable agriculture. G-protein signalling was implicated in N-response/NUE in rice, but needed firm genetic characterization of the role of alpha subunit (RGA1). The knock-out mutant of RGA1 in japonica rice exhibited lesser nitrate-dose sensitivity than the wild type (WT), in yield and NUE. We, therefore, investigated its genomewide nitrate-response relative to WT. It revealed 3416 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 719 associated with development, grain yield and phenotypic traits for NUE. The upregulated DEGs were related to photosynthesis, chlorophyll, tetrapyrrole and porphyrin biosynthesis, while the downregulated DEGs belonged to cellular protein metabolism and transport, small GTPase signalling, cell redox homeostasis, etc. We validated 26 nitrate-responsive DEGs across functional categories by RT-qPCR. Physiological validation of nitrate-response in the mutant and the WT at 1.5 and 15 mM doses revealed higher chlorophyll and stomatal length but decreased stomatal density, conductance and transpiration. The consequent increase in photosynthesis and water use efficiency may have contributed to better yield and NUE in the mutant, whereas the WT was N-dose sensitive. The mutant was not as N-dose-responsive as the WT in shoot/root growth, productive tillers and heading date, but equally responsive as WT in total N and protein content. The RGA1 mutant was less impacted by higher N-dose or salt stress in terms of yield, protein content, photosynthetic performance, relative water content, water use efficiency and catalase activity. PPI network analyses revealed known NUE-related proteins as RGA1 interactors. Therefore, RGA1 negatively regulates N-dose sensitivity and NUE in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangam Annie Prasanna
- Centre for Sustainable Nitrogen and Nutrient Management, School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Vikas Kumar Mandal
- Centre for Sustainable Nitrogen and Nutrient Management, School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
- Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society, 10B/7, Madan Mohan Malviya Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Navjyoti Chakraborty
- Centre for Sustainable Nitrogen and Nutrient Management, School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India.
| | - Nandula Raghuram
- Centre for Sustainable Nitrogen and Nutrient Management, School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India.
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Sharma S, Ganotra J, Samantaray J, Sahoo RK, Bhardwaj D, Tuteja N. An emerging role of heterotrimeric G-proteins in nodulation and nitrogen sensing. PLANTA 2023; 258:101. [PMID: 37847414 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION A comprehensive understanding of nitrogen signaling cascades involving heterotrimeric G-proteins and their putative receptors can assist in the production of nitrogen-efficient plants. Plants are immobile in nature, so they must endure abiotic stresses including nutrient stress. Plant development and agricultural productivity are frequently constrained by the restricted availability of nitrogen in the soil. Non-legume plants acquire nitrogen from the soil through root membrane-bound transporters. In depleted soil nitrogen conditions, legumes are naturally conditioned to fix atmospheric nitrogen with the aid of nodulation elicited by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Moreover, apart from the symbiotic nitrogen fixation process, nitrogen uptake from the soil can also be a significant secondary source to satisfy the nitrogen requirements of legumes. Heterotrimeric G-proteins function as molecular switches to help plant cells relay diverse stimuli emanating from external stress conditions. They are comprised of Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits, which cooperate with several downstream effectors to regulate multiple plant signaling events. In the present review, we concentrate on signaling mechanisms that regulate plant nitrogen nutrition. Our review highlights the potential of heterotrimeric G-proteins, together with their putative receptors, to assist the legume root nodule symbiosis (RNS) cascade, particularly during calcium spiking and nodulation. Additionally, the functions of heterotrimeric G-proteins in nitrogen acquisition by plant roots as well as in improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) have also been discussed. Future research oriented towards heterotrimeric G-proteins through genome editing tools can be a game changer in the enhancement of the nitrogen fixation process. This will foster the precise manipulation and production of plants to ensure global food security in an era of climate change by enhancing crop productivity and minimizing reliance on external inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvriti Sharma
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India
| | - Jahanvi Ganotra
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India
| | - Jyotipriya Samantaray
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India
| | - Ranjan Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Deepak Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India.
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Cantos CF, dePamphilis CW, Assmann SM. Extra-large G proteins have extra-large effects on agronomic traits and stress tolerance in maize and rice. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1033-1044. [PMID: 37156701 PMCID: PMC10524845 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins - comprising Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits - are ubiquitous elements in eukaryotic cell signaling. Plant genomes contain both canonical Gα subunit genes and a family of plant-specific extra-large G protein genes (XLGs) that encode proteins consisting of a domain with Gα-like features downstream of a long N-terminal domain. In this review we summarize phenotypes modulated by the canonical Gα and XLG proteins of arabidopsis and highlight recent studies in maize and rice that reveal dramatic phenotypic consequences of XLG clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) mutagenesis in these important crop species. XLGs have both redundant and specific roles in the control of agronomically relevant plant architecture and resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses. We also point out areas of current controversy, suggest future research directions, and propose a revised, phylogenetically-based nomenclature for XLG protein genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian F Cantos
- Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA; Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Penn State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA
| | - Claude W dePamphilis
- Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA; Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Penn State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA; Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Penn State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA.
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Li H, Feng B, Li J, Fu W, Wang W, Chen T, Liu L, Wu Z, Peng S, Tao L, Fu G. RGA1 alleviates low-light-repressed pollen tube elongation by improving the metabolism and allocation of sugars and energy. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1363-1383. [PMID: 36658612 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low-light stress compromises photosynthetic and energy efficiency and leads to spikelet sterility; however, the effect of low-light stress on pollen tube elongation in the pistil remains poorly understood. The gene RGA1, which encodes a Gα-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein, enhanced low-light tolerance at anthesis by preventing the cessation of pollen tube elongation in the pistil of rice plants. In this process, marked increases in the activities of acid invertase (INV), sucrose synthase (SUS) and mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain complexes, as well as the relative expression levels of SUTs (sucrose transporter), SWEETs (sugars will eventually be exported transporters), SUSs, INVs, CINs (cell-wall INV 1), SnRK1A (sucrose-nonfermenting 1-related kinase 1) and SnRK1B, were observed in OE-1 plants. Accordingly, notable increases in contents of ATP and ATPase were presented in OE-1 plants under low-light conditions, while they were decreased in d1 plants. Importantly, INV and ATPase activators (sucrose and Na2 SO3 , respectively) increased spikelet fertility by improving the energy status in the pistil under low-light conditions, and the ATPase inhibitor Na2 VO4 induced spikelet sterility and decreased ATPase activity. These results suggest that RGA1 could alleviate the low-light stress-induced impairment of pollen tube elongation to increase spikelet fertility by promoting sucrose unloading in the pistil and improving the metabolism and allocation of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Crop Production and Physiology Center (CPPC), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baohua Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juncai Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Weimeng Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lianmeng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- Crop Production and Physiology Center (CPPC), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longxing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanfu Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Sharma N, Jaiswal DK, Kumari S, Dash GK, Panda S, Anandan A, Raghuram N. Genome-Wide Urea Response in Rice Genotypes Contrasting for Nitrogen Use Efficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076080. [PMID: 37047052 PMCID: PMC10093866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice is an ideal crop for improvement of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), especially with urea, its predominant fertilizer. There is a paucity of studies on rice genotypes contrasting for NUE. We compared low urea-responsive transcriptomes of contrasting rice genotypes, namely Nidhi (low NUE) and Panvel1 (high NUE). Transcriptomes of whole plants grown with media containing normal (15 mM) and low urea (1.5 mM) revealed 1497 and 2819 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Nidhi and Panvel1, respectively, of which 271 were common. Though 1226 DEGs were genotype-specific in Nidhi and 2548 in Panvel1, there was far higher commonality in underlying processes. High NUE is associated with the urea-responsive regulation of other nutrient transporters, miRNAs, transcription factors (TFs) and better photosynthesis, water use efficiency and post-translational modifications. Many of their genes co-localized to NUE-QTLs on chromosomes 1, 3 and 9. A field evaluation under different doses of urea revealed better agronomic performance including grain yield, transport/uptake efficiencies and NUE of Panvel1. Comparison of our urea-based transcriptomes with our previous nitrate-based transcriptomes revealed many common processes despite large differences in their expression profiles. Our model proposes that differential involvement of transporters and TFs, among others, contributes to better urea uptake, translocation, utilization, flower development and yield for high NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Sharma
- Centre for Sustainable Nitrogen and Nutrient Management, University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi 110078, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Jaiswal
- Centre for Sustainable Nitrogen and Nutrient Management, University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi 110078, India
| | - Supriya Kumari
- Centre for Sustainable Nitrogen and Nutrient Management, University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi 110078, India
| | - Goutam Kumar Dash
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Siddharth Panda
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, SOA (DU), Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Annamalai Anandan
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
- Regional Station, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Nandula Raghuram
- Centre for Sustainable Nitrogen and Nutrient Management, University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi 110078, India
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Does Potassium (K +) Contribute to High-Nitrate (NO 3-) Weakening of a Plant's Defense System against Necrotrophic Fungi? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415631. [PMID: 36555267 PMCID: PMC9778958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this opinion article, we have analyzed the relevancy of a hypothesis which is based on the idea that in Arabidopsis thaliana jasmonic acid, a (JA)-mediated defense system against necrotrophic fungi is weakened when NO3- supply is high. Such a hypothesis is based on the fact that when NO3- supply is high, it induces an increase in the amount of bioactive ABA which induces the sequestration of the phosphatase ABI2 (PP2C) into the PYR/PYL/RCAR receptor. Consequently, the Ca sensors CBL1/9-CIPK23 are not dephosphorylated by ABI2, thus remaining able to phosphorylate targets such as AtNPF6.3 and AtKAT1, which are NO3- and K+ transporters, respectively. Therefore, the impact of phosphorylation on the regulation of these two transporters, could (1) reduce NO3- influx as in its phosphorylated state AtNPF6.3 shifts to low capacity state and (2) increase K+ influx, as in its phosphorylated state KAT1 becomes more active. It is also well known that in roots, K+ loading in the xylem and its transport to the shoot is activated in the presence of NO3-. As such, the enrichment of plant tissues in K+ can impair a jasmonic acid (JA) regulatory pathway and the induction of the corresponding biomarkers. The latter are known to be up-regulated under K+ deficiency and inhibited when K+ is resupplied. We therefore suggest that increased K+ uptake and tissue content induced by high NO3- supply modifies the JA regulatory pathway, resulting in a weakened JA-mediated plant's defense system against necrotrophic fungi.
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Sharma N, Kumari S, Jaiswal DK, Raghuram N. Comparative Transcriptomic Analyses of Nitrate-Response in Rice Genotypes With Contrasting Nitrogen Use Efficiency Reveals Common and Genotype-Specific Processes, Molecular Targets and Nitrogen Use Efficiency-Candidates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:881204. [PMID: 35774823 PMCID: PMC9237547 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.881204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The genetic basis for nitrogen (N)-response and N use efficiency (NUE) must be found in N-responsive gene expression or protein regulation. Our transcriptomic analysis of nitrate response in two contrasting rice genotypes of Oryza sativa ssp. Indica (Nidhi with low NUE and Panvel1 with high NUE) revealed the processes/functions underlying differential N-response/NUE. The microarray analysis of low nitrate response (1.5 mM) relative to normal nitrate control (15 mM) used potted 21-days old whole plants. It revealed 1,327 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exclusive to Nidhi and 666 exclusive to Panvel1, apart from 70 common DEGs, of which 10 were either oppositely expressed or regulated to different extents. Gene ontology analyses revealed that photosynthetic processes were among the very few processes common to both the genotypes in low N response. Those unique to Nidhi include cell division, nitrogen utilization, cytoskeleton, etc. in low N-response, whereas those unique to Panvel1 include signal transduction, protein import into the nucleus, and mitochondria. This trend of a few common but mostly unique categories was also true for transporters, transcription factors, microRNAs, and post-translational modifications, indicating their differential involvement in Nidhi and Panvel1. Protein-protein interaction networks constructed using DEG-associated experimentally validated interactors revealed subnetworks involved in cytoskeleton organization, cell wall, etc. in Nidhi, whereas in Panvel1, it was chloroplast development. NUE genes were identified by selecting yield-related genes from N-responsive DEGs and their co-localization on NUE-QTLs revealed the differential distribution of NUE-genes between genotypes but on the same chromosomes 1 and 3. Such hotspots are important for NUE breeders.
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Zait Y, Ferrero‐Serrano Á, Assmann SM. The α subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein regulates mesophyll CO 2 conductance and drought tolerance in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2324-2338. [PMID: 34515342 PMCID: PMC9293471 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance gm determines CO2 diffusion rates from mesophyll intercellular air spaces to the chloroplasts and is an important factor limiting photosynthesis. Increasing gm in cultivated plants is a potential strategy to increase photosynthesis and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi ). The anatomy of the leaf and metabolic factors such as aquaporins and carbonic anhydrases have been identified as important determinants of gm . However, genes involved in the regulation and modulation of gm remain largely unknown. In this work, we investigated the role of heterotrimeric G proteins in gm and drought tolerance in rice d1 mutants, which harbor a null mutation in the Gα subunit gene, RGA1. d1 mutants in both cv Nipponbare and cv Taichung 65 exhibited increased gm , fostering improvement in photosynthesis, WUEi , and drought tolerance compared with wild-type. The increased surface area of mesophyll cells and chloroplasts exposed to intercellular airspaces and the reduced cell wall and chloroplast thickness in the d1 mutant are evident contributors to the increase in gm . Our results indicate that manipulation of heterotrimeric G protein signaling has the potential to improve crop WUEi and productivity under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Zait
- Biology DepartmentPenn State University208 Mueller LaboratoryUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Ángel Ferrero‐Serrano
- Biology DepartmentPenn State University208 Mueller LaboratoryUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Sarah M. Assmann
- Biology DepartmentPenn State University208 Mueller LaboratoryUniversity ParkPA16802USA
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