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Girma D, Abita Z. Rural versus urban variations of factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding in Ethiopia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33427. [PMID: 39027529 PMCID: PMC467058 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Early initiation of breastfeeding is an important strategy to reduce under-five mortality. Nevertheless, it remains under-practiced in developing countries. In Ethiopia, there were studies done to identify determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding. However, the variation of factors among rural versus urban residents has not been investigated. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the variation of factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding among rural versus urban residences. Methods The 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data was used to conduct the study. Mothers whose index child aged less than 24 months have participated in the study. We excluded mothers who had fetal death during birth and who didn't live with their child. Accordingly, a total of 3396 weighted samples of mothers from rural residences and 478 weighted samples of mothers from urban residences were included in the final analysis. A multivariable logistic regression analysis has been used to explore determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding. Finally, statistically significant associations have been declared by using AOR with a 95%CI at a p-value of <0.05. Results In rural residences, age of mothers 15-24 years (AOR: 1.39, 95 % CI: 1.08, 1.79), mothers who are not currently working (AOR: 1.45, 95 % CI: 1.19, 1.78), large birth size (AOR: 1.49, 95 % CI: 1.17, 1.92), and giving birth at health facility (AOR: 1.25, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.53) were factors associated with a higher odds of early initiation of breastfeeding. Whereas, in urban residences, being second to third birth order (AOR: 1.94, 95 % CI: 1.01, 3.75), skin-to-skin contact care (AOR: 2.58, 95 % CI: 1.44, 4.63) and antenatal care visit were factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding. Regardless of residences, vaginal delivery (Rural AOR: 4.06, 95 % CI: 1.75, 9.44; Urban AOR: 2.52, 95 % CI: 1.15, 5.54) and involvement of mothers in health care decisions (Rural AOR: 1.52, 95 % CI: 1.25, 1.85; Urban AOR: 2.62, 95 % CI: 1.33, 5.17) were common determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding. Conclusions This study concludes that the factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding are different among rural versus urban residences. Accordingly, maternal ages, maternal current working status, birth sizes, and place of delivery are identified as factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding among rural residences. Whereas, antenatal care visits, skin-to-skin contact care, and birth order are identified as factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding among urban residences. Regardless of residence, mode of delivery, and involvement of mothers in health care decisions are common determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding. Therefore, irrespective of the residence, special emphasis has to be given to newborns delivered by cesarean section to increase the rate of early initiation of breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desalegn Girma
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
| | - Zinie Abita
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
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Islam MR, Tamanna T, Mohsin NA, Tanha AF, Sheba NH, Hannan J. Prevalence and barriers to early initiation of breastfeeding among urban poor full-time readymade garments working mothers: a mixed-methods study in Bangladesh. Int Breastfeed J 2024; 19:42. [PMID: 38890634 PMCID: PMC11186161 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-024-00645-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early initiation of breastfeeding is the initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth, which plays a significant role in a born baby's growth and survival, however its prevalence and predictors among urban full-time readymade garments (RMG) working mothers are not investigated. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and factors affecting early initiation of breastfeeding among urban RMG working mothers. METHODS A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study was conducted between March 2023 and December 2023 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 452 full-time female RMG workers were included for the quantitative study. Qualitative study was carried out among 30 full-time female RMG workers, four female physicians who were employed in the RMGs, four RMG factory managers, and four local pediatricians. RESULTS The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding was 40% among the women. It was significantly associated with various factors, including socio-cultural barriers, the advanced age of the mother (AOR 3.93, 95%CI 1.18, 13.04), lack of education (AOR 6.86, 95%CI 1.11, 42.49), lack of awareness, and cultural practices such as initiating goat milk and honey instead of breast milk. The absence of colostrum feeding (AOR 8.96, 95%CI 4.30, 18.70) and pre-lacteal feeding (AOR 0.06, 95%CI 0.03, 0.11) were significant baby feeding practice-related barriers to early initiation of breastfeeding. Maternal health factors, notably post-delivery sickness, cesarean delivery, and lack of breastmilk production, were revealed as a significant hindrance to the early initiation of breastfeeding explored from qualitative analysis. In addition, RMG factory-related factors that significantly affect early initiation of breastfeeding include a strong focus on production, a busy schedule, and a lack of initiative regarding the early initiation of breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding among RMG working women is poor. This study emphasizes the need for interventions that address specific challenges of early initiation of breastfeeding faced by working mothers in RMG sectors, including improved lactation education, increased awareness to mitigate cultural barriers, RMG factory-based initiatives to empower female workers early initiation of breastfeeding, and preparing early initiation of breastfeeding -friendly post-cesarean unit at the health care facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University (IUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Tasnim Tamanna
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University (IUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Azrin Mohsin
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University (IUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arifa Farzana Tanha
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Hossain Sheba
- Department of Public Health, Northern University Bangladesh (NUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jma Hannan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University (IUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Alam MM, Rayhan MI, Mansur M. From the local disparities to national realities: Mapping and multilevel modeling of catastrophic health expenditure in Bangladesh using HIES 2016. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290746. [PMID: 38166087 PMCID: PMC10760898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In developing nations, catastrophic health expenditures have become an all-too-common occurrence, threatening to push households into impoverishment and poverty. By analyzing the Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016, which features a sample of 46,080 households, this study provides a comprehensive district-by-district analysis of the variation in household catastrophic health expenditures and related factors. The study utilizes a multilevel logistic regression model, which considers both fixed and random effects to identify factors associated with catastrophic health expenditure. The findings of the study indicate that districts located in the eastern and southern regions are at a significantly higher risk of experiencing catastrophic health expenditures. A potential explanation for this trend may be attributed to the high prevalence of chronic diseases in these districts, as well as their economic conditions. The presence of chronic diseases (AOR 5.45 with 95% CI: 5.14, 5.77), presence of old age person (AOR 1.50 with 95% CI: 1.39, 1.61), place of residence (AOR 1.40 with 95% CI: 1.14, 1.73) are found to be highly associated factors. Additionally, the study reveals that the thresholds used to define catastrophic health expenditures exhibit substantial variation across different regions, and differ remarkably from the threshold established by the WHO. On average, the thresholds are 23.12% of nonfood expenditure and 12.14% of total expenditure. In light of these findings, this study offers important insights for policymakers and stakeholders working towards achieving universal health coverage and sustainable development goals in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Muhitul Alam
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training (ISRT), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Israt Rayhan
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training (ISRT), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohaimen Mansur
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training (ISRT), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Felipe-Dimog EB, Dumalhin YJB, Liang FW. Factors of early breastfeeding initiation among Filipino women: A population-based cross-sectional study. Appl Nurs Res 2023; 74:151732. [PMID: 38007244 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2023.151732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early breastfeeding initiation (EBI) within the first hour after birth has the potential to reduce neonatal mortality. However, the prevalence of EBI still falls short of the 70 % target set by the WHO for 2030. Limited research has been conducted on this issue. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors of EBI in the Philippines. METHODS This study is a secondary analysis of the data from the Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey (PNDHS) in 2017. Women survey participants aged 15 to 49 (n = 3750) who had given birth within the two years prior to the survey were included in this study. A p-value < 0.05 was used to define statistical significance when identifying the factors associated with EBI using hierarchical logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Women who were more likely to practice EBI were those from the Cordillera Administrative Region, who read newspaper/magazines, and delivered infants at 2 or later birth order. On the contrary, women from Central Luzon, CALABARZON (Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon provinces), Central Visayas, Eastern Visayas, and the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao; who listen to the radio at least once a week; and give birth through cesarean section were less likely to practice EBI. CONCLUSION Channeling breastfeeding messages through printed mass media and provision of specialized breastfeeding support to mothers with cesarean section delivery may help in reducing the barriers to early breastfeeding initiation. Targeted interventions and strategies that promote breastfeeding practices, particularly among primigravida women and in regions with lower rates of EBI contribute to increased rate of optimal breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Belingon Felipe-Dimog
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Nursing Department, Mountain Province State Polytechnic College, Bontoc 2616, Mountain Province, Philippines.
| | - Yvette Joy B Dumalhin
- Nursing Department, Mountain Province State Polytechnic College, Bontoc 2616, Mountain Province, Philippines
| | - Fu-Wen Liang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Center for Big Data Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Kundu S, Chowdhury SSA, Hasan MT, Sharif AB. Inequalities in early initiation of breastfeeding in Bangladesh: an estimation of relative and absolute measures of inequality. Int Breastfeed J 2023; 18:46. [PMID: 37641102 PMCID: PMC10463657 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-023-00584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggested that inequalities based on education, wealth status, place of residence, and geographical regions significantly influence the key breastfeeding indicators including early initiation of breastfeeding. This study aimed to estimate the trends and magnitude of inequalities in early initiation of breastfeeding practice in Bangladesh from 2004 to 2017 applying both absolute and relative measures of inequality. METHODS We used data from the last five Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS) from 2004 to 2017 to measure the inequalities in early initiation of breastfeeding practice using the WHO's Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) software. Following summary measures were estimated to measure the inequalities: Population Attributable Risk (PAR), Population Attributable Fraction (PAF), Difference (D), and Ratio (R) where the equity dimensions were wealth status, education level, sex of child, place of residence, and subnational regions (divisions). For each measure, point estimates along with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. RESULTS An uprising pattern in the prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding was found, where early initiation of breastfeeding increased from 24.9% to 2004 to 59.0% in 2017. We found significant wealth-driven inequalities in early initiation of breastfeeding practice in every wave of survey favoring the poorest wealth quintile (in 2017, D -10.5; 95% CI -16.6 to -4.3). We also identified geographical disparities in early initiation of breastfeeding practice (in 2017, PAF 11.1; 95% CI 2.2 to 19.9) favoring the Rangpur (65.5%), and Sylhet (65.3%) divisions. Education-related disparities were observed in 2004 only, but not in later survey years, which was due to a much lower level of adherence among those with secondary or higher education. There were no significant disparities in early initiation of breastfeeding based on the urban vs. rural residence and sex of the child. CONCLUSIONS The highest attention should be placed in Bangladesh to attain the WHO's 100% recommendation of timely initiation of breastfeeding. This study emphasizes on addressing the existing socioeconomic and geographic inequalities. Awareness-raising outreach programs focusing the mothers from wealthier sub-groups and divisions with lower prevalence should be planned and implemented by the joint effort of the government and non-government organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Kundu
- Global Health Institute, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Md Tamzid Hasan
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Azaz Bin Sharif
- Global Health Institute, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
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Gebretsadik GG, Berhe K, Gebregziabher H. Determinants of early initiation of breast feeding during COVID-19 pandemic among urban-dwelling mothers from Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070518. [PMID: 37429688 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess the practice of early initiation of breast feeding (EIBF) and its determinant factors among urban-dwelling mothers from Tigray during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2021. Data were analysed using StataSE Version 16 software. To identify determinant factors of the dependent variable, multivariate logistic regression analyses was used at a statistical significance of p<0.05. The strength of the association was measured by OR and 95% CI. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The study was conducted among 633 lactating mothers of infants under the age of 6 months living in Mekelle city, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia from April to June 2021. A three-stage cluster sampling was used to select study participants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE EIBF or no EIBF. RESULTS Three hundred and sixty eight (59.6%) mothers/caregivers practised EIBF. Maternal education (adjusted OR, AOR 2.45, 95 % CI 1.01 to 5.88), parity (AOR 1.20, 95 % CI 1.03 to 2.20), caesarean section delivery (AOR 0.47, 95 % CI 0.32 to 0.69) and breastfeeding information and support postdelivery (AOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.31) were found to be significant determinants of EIBF. CONCLUSIONS EIBF is defined as initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour after delivery. EIBF practice was far from optimal. During the COVID-19 pandemic, maternal education, parity, type of delivery and the provision of up-to-date breastfeeding information and support right after delivery determined the time of breastfeeding initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kidanemaryam Berhe
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Hadush Gebregziabher
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
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Sarkar P, Rifat MA, Bakshi P, Talukdar IH, Pechtl SML, Lindström Battle T, Saha S. How is parental education associated with infant and young child feeding in Bangladesh? a systematic literature review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:510. [PMID: 36927525 PMCID: PMC10022043 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Education is expected to bring about positive behavioral changes which could lead to improved health behaviors. Parental education is a primary determinant of child health and development. However, some evidence showed inverse associations between high parental education and recommended infant and young child feeding (IYCF) in Bangladesh. How the association of parental education differs with specific IYCF components has not been reviewed. Therefore, the role of parental education on optimal IYCF practices in Bangladesh appears to be inconclusive. The objective of this review is to summarize how parental education is associated with IYCF practices in Bangladesh. METHOD This review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar. Record searching, study selection, and data extraction was performed using Endnote online and Covidence tool, respectively. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for quality assessment of the included studies. RESULTS Out of 414 initial hits, 34 studies were included for this review. Of the included studies, 32 were cross-sectional, one was a randomized controlled trial, and one was a retrospective cohort. Most of the studies (n = 24) were nationally representative whereas 10 studies had populations from district and sub-district level. Included studies considered different IYCF-related indicators, including breastfeeding (n = 22), complementary feeding (n = 8), both breastfeeding and complementary feeding (n = 2), both breastfeeding and bottle feeding (n = 1), and pre-lacteal feeding (n = 1). Parental education was found to be positively associated with complementary feeding practices. However, the role of parental education on breastfeeding, in general, was ambiguous. High parental education was associated with bottle-feeding practices and no initiation of colostrum. CONCLUSION Public health interventions need to focus not only on non- and/or low-educated parents regarding complementary feeding but also on educated mothers for initiation of colostrum and proper breastfeeding practices. TRIAL REGISTRATION This systematic review is registered to PROSPERO ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ ) with registration ID: CRD42022355465.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plabon Sarkar
- Caritas Bangladesh, 2, Outer Circular Road, Shantibagh, Dhaka, 1217, Bangladesh
| | - M A Rifat
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden.
| | - Progati Bakshi
- Department of Food and Agroprocess Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Imdadul Haque Talukdar
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah M L Pechtl
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | | | - Sanjib Saha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Health Economics Unit, Lund University, 22381, Lund, Sweden
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Ahmmed F, Hossain MJ, Sutopa TS, Al-Mamun M, Alam M, Islam MR, Sharma R, Sarker MMR, Azlina MFN. The trend in exclusive breastfeeding practice and its association with maternal employment in Bangladesh: A multilevel analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:988016. [PMID: 36504941 PMCID: PMC9732371 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.988016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is essential for infant and child health. This study aimed to explore the trend in the EBF over the last decade in Bangladesh and investigated if there was a significant association with maternal employment by analyzing the data extracted from three consecutive nationally representative surveys: Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS) of 2011, 2014, and 2017-2018. Prevalence of EBF (95% confidence interval) with the Cochran-Armitage test was reported to see the trend in EBF. A chi-square (χ2) test was applied to find the potential factors associated with EBF. Finally, a three-level logistic regression was utilized to find the significant association between maternal employment and EBF while adjusting other covariates. We observed no increase in the practice of EBF over the last decade (P = 0.632). The prevalence of EBF was 64.9% (95% CI: 61.41, 68.18) in 2011, followed by 60.1% (95% CI: 56.25, 64) in 2014, and 64.9% (95% CI: 61.82, 67.91) in 2017. Regression results showed that employed mothers had 24% (p < 0.05) lower odds of EBF than unemployed mothers. Early initiation of breastfeeding was also found to be significantly associated [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.22, P < 0.05] with EBF. Government and policymakers must come forward with new interventions to increase the practice of EBF, providing basic education and campaigns on the topic of EBF. Maternity leave should be extended up to 6 months of the child's age to achieve an optimal level of EBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foyez Ahmmed
- Department of Statistics, Comilla University, Cumilla, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh,*Correspondence: Md. Jamal Hossain ;
| | | | - Md. Al-Mamun
- Department of Sociology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Morshed Alam
- Institute of Education and Research, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Mohd Fahami Nur Azlina
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,Mohd Fahami Nur Azlina
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Nguyen TT, Cashin J, Tran HT, Hoang TA, Mathisen R, Weissman A, Murray JCS. Birth and newborn care policies and practices limit breastfeeding at maternity facilities in Vietnam. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1041065. [PMID: 36407547 PMCID: PMC9668009 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1041065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of early and exclusive breastfeeding in Vietnam remains sub-optimal. The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) and exclusive breastfeeding for the first 3 days after birth (EBF3D). We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional survey of 726 mothers with children aged 0-11 months in two provinces and one municipality from May to July 2020. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with EIBF and EBF3D. The prevalence of EIBF was 39.7% and EBF3D 18.0%. The EIBF prevalence is positively associated with immediate and uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact (SSC) for 10-29 min (aOR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.49, 4.37), 30-59 min (aOR: 4.15; 95% CI: 2.08, 8.27), 60-80 min (aOR: 4.35; 95% CI: 1.50, 12.6), or ≥90 min (aOR: 5.87; 95% CI: 3.14, 10.98). EIBF was negatively associated with cesarean birth (aOR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.51), bringing infant formula to the birth facility (aOR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.78), purchased it after arrival (aOR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.60), or did both (aOR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.89). EBF3D was negatively associated with cesarean section birth (aOR: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.39), vaginal birth with episiotomy (aOR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.88), bringing formula to the maternity facility (aOR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.07), purchased it after arrival (aOR: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.06) or did both (aOR: 0.04; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.10). Receiving counseling from any source was not significantly associated with early breastfeeding practices. Policy and health service delivery interventions should be directed at eliminating infant formula from birthing environments, reducing unnecessary cesarean sections and episiotomies, providing immediate and uninterrupted SSC for all births, and improving breastfeeding counseling and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan T. Nguyen
- Alive & Thrive East Asia Pacific, FHI 360, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jennifer Cashin
- Alive & Thrive East Asia Pacific, FHI 360, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Hoang T. Tran
- Neonatal Unit and Human Milk Bank, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Da Nang Hospital for Women and Children, The University of Da Nang, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Tuan A. Hoang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Vietnam Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Roger Mathisen
- Alive & Thrive East Asia Pacific, FHI 360, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Amy Weissman
- Alive & Thrive East Asia Pacific, FHI 360, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Asia Pacific Regional Office, FHI 360, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kundu S, Azene AG, Kundu S, Banna MHA, Mahbub T, Alshahrani NZ, Rahman MA. Prevalence of and factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding in Bangladesh: a multilevel modelling. Int Health 2022:6682848. [PMID: 36049132 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early initiation breastfeeding (EIBF) is a sign of good health for both the mother and the newborn baby. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of EIBF among mothers in Bangladesh and to identify its associated factors. METHODS The study used the most recent Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-2018 data. A total of 4776 (weighted) respondents were included in the final analysis. The association between the outcome and the independent variables was determined using multilevel (mixed effects) logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The overall weighted prevalence of EIBF among Bangladeshi mothers was 61.19% (confidence interval [CI] 59.80 to 62.56). The study shows that non-poor wealth status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.81 [95% CI 0.68 to 0.95]), institutional delivery (AOR 0.77 [95% CI 0.61 to 0.96]) and caesarean delivery (AOR 0.31 [95% CI 0.26 to 0.38]) were associated with the lower odds of EIBF. Mother's secondary education (AOR 1.34 [95% CI 1.01 to 1.83]), at least four antenatal care visits (AOR 1.36 [95% CI 1.04 to 1.53]), normal birthweight (AOR 1.42 [95% CI 1.09 to 1.85]) and placed on mother's chest and bare skin after birth (AOR 1.33 [95% CI 1.11 to 1.60]) were associated with higher odds of EIBF. CONCLUSION In order to enhance EIBF in Bangladesh, health professionals should emphasise skin-to-skin contact after delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Kundu
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh.,School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Abebaw Gedef Azene
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Subarna Kundu
- Statistics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasan Al Banna
- Department of Food Microbiology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Tahira Mahbub
- Statistics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Najim Z Alshahrani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Ashfikur Rahman
- Development Studies Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
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