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Pain E, Snowden S, Oddy J, Shinhmar S, Alhammad YMA, King JS, Müller-Taubenberger A, Williams RSB. Pharmacological inhibition of ENT1 enhances the impact of specific dietary fats on energy metabolism gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321874121. [PMID: 39207736 PMCID: PMC11388398 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321874121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Medium chain fatty acids are commonly consumed as part of diets for endurance sports and as medical treatment in ketogenic diets where these diets regulate energy metabolism and increase adenosine levels. However, the role of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1), which is responsible for adenosine transport across membranes in this process, is not well understood. Here, we investigate ENT1 activity in controlling the effects of two dietary medium chain fatty acids (decanoic and octanoic acid), employing the tractable model system Dictyostelium. We show that genetic ablation of three ENT1 orthologues unexpectedly improves cell proliferation specifically following decanoic acid treatment. This effect is not caused by increased adenosine levels triggered by both fatty acids in the presence of ENT1 activity. Instead, we show that decanoic acid increases expression of energy-related genes relevant for fatty acid β-oxidation, and that pharmacological inhibition of ENT1 activity leads to an enhanced effect of decanoic acid to increase expression of tricarboxylicacid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation components. Importantly, similar transcriptional changes have been shown in the rat hippocampus during ketogenic diet treatment. We validated these changes by showing enhanced mitochondria load and reduced lipid droplets. Thus, our data show that ENT1 regulates the medium chain fatty acid-induced increase in cellular adenosine levels and the decanoic acid-induced expression of important metabolic enzymes in energy provision, identifying a key role for ENT1 proteins in metabolic effects of medium chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwann Pain
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 OEX, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Snowden
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 OEX, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Oddy
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 4 CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Shinhmar
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 OEX, United Kingdom
| | - Yousef M A Alhammad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Jason S King
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Müller-Taubenberger
- Department of Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Robin S B Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 OEX, United Kingdom
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Idowu OK, Dosumu OO, Boboye AS, Oremosu AA, Mohammed AA. Lauric acid with or without levodopa ameliorates Parkinsonism in genetically modified model of Drosophila melanogaster via the oxidative-inflammatory-apoptotic pathway. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e70001. [PMID: 39245995 PMCID: PMC11381577 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD), the most prevalent type of Parkinsonism, is a progressive neurological condition characterized by a range of motor and non-motor symptoms. The complicated etiology of PD is thought to involve a summation of aging, genetic predisposition, and environmental variables. However, the α-synuclein protein plays a significant role in the disease's pathophysiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The UAS-α-Syn and Ddc-Gal4 strains were crossed to produce offspring referred to as PD flies. The entire population of flies was divided into five groups, each having about 100 flies and five replicates. The control group (w1118) and the PD group not receiving treatment were exposed to lauric acid (LA)/levodopa (LD)-free diet, while the PD groups that received treatments were fed with either a 250 mg/kg LA diet, a 250 mg/kg LD diet, or a combination of the two for 21 days. Longevity, geotaxis, and olfactory assays were performed in addition to other biochemical tests. RESULTS As a result of the overexpression of α-synuclein, the locomotive capacity, lifespan, and antioxidant status were all significantly (p < .05) reduced, and the apoptotic and neuroinflammatory activities were increased. Nevertheless, the majority of the treated flies improved significantly (p < .05). CONCLUSION LA, whether combined with LD or not, elicited a significant response in α-synuclein/dopa decarboxylase genetically modified Drosophila melanogaster Parkinsonism models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumayowa K Idowu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke O Dosumu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji S Boboye
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ademola A Oremosu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi A Mohammed
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda
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Effiong ME, Bella-Omunagbe M, Afolabi IS, Chinedu SN. In silico evaluation of potential breast cancer receptor antagonists from GC-MS and HPLC identified compounds in Pleurotus ostreatus extracts. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23744-23771. [PMID: 39131188 PMCID: PMC11310660 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03832k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pharmacotherapeutic targets for breast cancer include the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Inhibitors of these receptors could be interesting therapeutic candidates for the treatment and management of breast cancer (BC). Aim: This study used GC-MS and HPLC to identify bioactive compounds in Pleurotus ostreatus (P. ostreatus) extracts and applied in silico methods to identify potent EGFR, ER, and PR inhibitors from the compounds as potential drug candidates. Method: GC-MS and HPLC were used to identify bioactive chemicals in P. ostreatus extracts of aqueous (PO-A), methanol (PO-M), ethanol (PO-E), chloroform (PO-C), and n-hexane (PO-H). The ER, PR, and EGFR model optimization and molecular docking of compounds/control inhibitors in the binding pocket were simulated using AutoDock Vina in PyRx. The drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic features of prospective docking leads were all anticipated. Result: The results indicated the existence of 29 compounds in PO-A, 36 compounds in PO-M and PO-E, 42 compounds in PO-C, and 22 compounds in PO-H extracts. With ER, only o-tolylamino-acetic acid (4-nitro-benzylidene)-hydrazide (-7.5 kcal mol-1) from the ethanolic extract could bind to the receptor. PR and EGFR, on the other hand, identified several compounds with higher binding affinities than the control. Ergotaman-3',6',18-trione (-8.1 kcal mol-1), 5,10-diethoxy-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-1H,6H-dipyrrolo[1,2-a:1',2'-d]pyrazine (-7.8 kcal mol-1) from the aqueous extract; o-tolylamino-acetic acid (4-nitro-benzylidene)-hydrazide (-8.4 kcal mol-1) from the ethanolic extract had better binding affinity compared to progesterone (-7.7 kcal mol-1). Likewise, ergotaman-3',6',18-trione (-9.7 kcal mol-1) from the aqueous extract and phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethyl ethyl) (-8.2 kcal mol-1) from the chloroform extract had better binding affinities compared to the control, gefitinib (-7.9 kcal mol-1) with regards to EGFR. None of the PO-H or PO-M extracts outperformed the control for any of the proteins. Phenols and flavonoids such as quercetin, luteolin, rutin, chrysin, apigenin, ellagic acid, and naringenin had better binding affinity to PR and EGFR compared to their control. Conclusion: The identified compounds in the class of phenols and flavonoids were better lead molecules due to their ability to strongly bind to the proteins' receptors. These compounds showed promising drug-like properties; they could be safe and new leads for creating anticancer medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene Eno Effiong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University Canaanland, PMB 1023 Ota Ogun State Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication Africa Centre of Excellence (CApIC-ACE) Nigeria
| | - Mercy Bella-Omunagbe
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University Canaanland, PMB 1023 Ota Ogun State Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication Africa Centre of Excellence (CApIC-ACE) Nigeria
| | - Israel Sunmola Afolabi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University Canaanland, PMB 1023 Ota Ogun State Nigeria
- Covenant University Public Health and Wellbeing Research Cluster (CUPHWERC), Covenant University Canaanland, PMB 1023 Ota Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Shalom Nwodo Chinedu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University Canaanland, PMB 1023 Ota Ogun State Nigeria
- Covenant University Public Health and Wellbeing Research Cluster (CUPHWERC), Covenant University Canaanland, PMB 1023 Ota Ogun State Nigeria
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Singh S, Singh S, Joshi D, Mohanty C, Singh R. In Silico Prediction of Potential Inhibitors for Targeting RNA CAG Repeats via Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation: A Drug Discovery Approach. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30611. [PMID: 38884365 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a rare neurological illness inherited dominantly that causes severe impairment and premature mortality. While each rare disease may affect individuals infrequently, collectively they pose a significant healthcare challenge. It is mainly carried out due to the expansion of RNA triplet (CAG) repeats, although missense or point mutations can also be induced. Unfortunately, there is no cure; only symptomatic treatments are available. To date, SCA has about 48 subtypes, the most common of these being SCA 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 12, and 17 having CAG repeats. Using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, this study seeks to investigate effective natural herbal neuroprotective compounds against CAG repeats, which are therapeutically significant in treating SCA. Initially, virtual screening followed by molecular docking was used to estimate the binding affinity of neuroprotective natural compounds toward CAG repeats. The compound with the highest binding affinity, somniferine, was then chosen for MD simulation. The structural stability, interaction mechanism, and conformational dynamics of CAG repeats and somniferine were investigated via MD simulation. The MD study revealed that during the simulation period, the interaction between CAG repeats and somniferine stabilizes and results in fewer conformational variations. This in silico study suggests that Somniferine can be used as a therapeutic medication against RNA CAG repeats in SCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Singh
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suchitra Singh
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepika Joshi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chhandamayee Mohanty
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Royana Singh
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Shekhar N, Thakur AK. Evaluation of the protective effect of capric acid on behavioral and biochemical alterations in valproic acid-induced model of autism. Neurochem Int 2024; 177:105767. [PMID: 38750962 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study is to determine the neuroprotective effect of capric acid on sodium valproate-induced model of autism. METHODS In this study, the effect of CA was observed in animals with single dose of valproic acid (600 mg/kg, i. p.) where the disease condition was confirmed by developmental impairment in pups. Behavioral tests that assess anxiety, depression, stereotypical and repetitive behavior, social interaction, learning and memory, and other confounding variables were performed. Subsequently, oxidative stress parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and mitochondrial complex activities in the selected brain regions were analyzed. RESULTS Valproic acid successfully produced autism-like symptoms from post-natal day 7 and also demonstrated impairment in social behavior, learning and memory, and anxiety and depression. Valproic acid was found to produce oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and cerebellum. Treatment with capric acid produced a positive effect on the alterations with maximum effects evident at 400 mg/kg, p. o. through amelioration of behavioral as well as biochemical changes. CONCLUSION The current study concluded that capric acid could act as a likely candidate for the treatment and management of autism via significant modulation of neurobehavioral parameters, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhila Shekhar
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110 017, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Thakur
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110 017, India.
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Daszkiewicz T, Michalak M, Śmiecińska K. A comparison of the quality of plain yogurt and its analog made from coconut flesh extract. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3389-3399. [PMID: 38135040 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the quality of plain yogurt made from cow milk (n = 10) and its plant-based analog made from coconut flesh extract (n = 14). Coconut yogurt alternatives were divided into 2 experimental groups based on differences in their color, which were noted after the packages had been opened. The first group included products with a typical white color (n = 8), and the second group comprised products with a grayish pink color (n = 6) that developed as a result of oxidative processes. In comparison with its plant-based analog, plain yogurt was characterized by higher values of lightness (L*), yellowness (b*) and chroma (C*), higher titratable acidity, a higher content of retinol and α-tocopherol, higher nutritional value of fat, and lower values of water-holding capacity (WHC) and redness (a*). Plain yogurt had lower volatile acidity than its plant-based analog with a grayish pink color. A comparison of yogurt analogs with different colors revealed that the product with a grayish pink color was characterized by a lower value of L*, and higher values of a*, b*, C*, and pH. An analysis of its fatty acid profile demonstrated that it also had a higher proportion of C14:0 and C18:1 cis-9; higher total monounsaturated fatty acids content; a lower proportion of C10:0, C12:0, and C18:2; a lower total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and essential fatty acids; and a lower ratio of PUFA to saturated fatty acids. The yogurt analog with a grayish pink color had a lower total content of tocopherol isoforms than the remaining products. The yogurt analog with a white color had the highest WHC and γ-tocopherol content. Consumers should be aware of the fact that coconut yogurt alternatives may have nonstandard quality attributes. The differences between such products and yogurt made from cow milk should be explicitly communicated to consumers so that they could make informed purchasing decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Daszkiewicz
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Animal Raw Materials, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - M Michalak
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Animal Raw Materials, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - K Śmiecińska
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Animal Raw Materials, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Anwardeen N, Naja K, Elrayess MA. Association between antioxidant metabolites and N-terminal fragment brain natriuretic peptides in insulin-resistant individuals. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2024; 13:e0303. [PMID: 38706534 PMCID: PMC11068140 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of metabolic syndrome, including heart failure and insulin resistance. The N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has been associated with heightened oxidative stress in heart failure patients. Yet, its correlation with insulin resistance remains poorly understood. Our objective is to investigate the association between oxidative stress markers and NT-proBNP levels in insulin-resistant individuals. Methods In this cross-sectional study involving 393 participants from the Qatar Biobank, clinical and metabolic data were collected, and the association between NT-proBNP and 72 oxidative stress metabolites was compared between insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant individuals. Results Our results showed significantly lower NT-proBNP levels in insulin-resistant individuals (median = 17 pg/ml; interquartile range = 10.3-29) when compared to their insulin-sensitive counterparts (median = 31 pg/ml; interquartile range = 19-57). Moreover, we revealed notable associations between NT-proBNP levels and antioxidant metabolic pathways, particularly those related to glutathione metabolism, in insulin-resistant, but not insulin-sensitive individuals. Conclusion The significant decrease in NT-proBNP observed in individuals with insulin resistance may be attributed to a direct or indirect enhancement in glutathione production, which is regarded as a compensatory mechanism against oxidative stress. This study could advance our understanding of the interplay between oxidative stress during insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk, which could lead to novel therapeutic approaches for managing cardiovascular diseases. Further investigations are needed to assess the practical utility of these potential metabolites and understand the causal nature of their association with NT-proBNP in the etiology of insulin resistance.
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Zhang C, Mei J, Wang Y, Yu B, Liu H. Functional properties and flavor characteristics of milk from cows supplemented with jujube powder. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3492-3501. [PMID: 37923209 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Jujube has various functional properties and is a promising source of bioactive compounds and flavors. This study investigated the functional properties and flavor characteristics of milk from cows supplemented with jujube powder (JP). Here, milk volatile profiles and taste properties were analyzed by using an electronic nose and headspace solid-phase microextraction GC-MS. Compared with the control group, the total antioxidant capacity, 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic free-radical-scavenging activity, lactoferrin, and IgG levels increased significantly in the JP group. Volatile flavor analysis indicated that ketone levels increased, acid abundance decreased, and toluene and dimethyl sulfone significantly increased in the JP group. Taste-profile analyses demonstrated that jujube supplementation altered the taste of the milk. In summary, dietary JP supplementation affects the volatile flavor composition and aroma of milk, as well as the bioactive components and antioxidant properties. These findings enhance our understanding of milk production using direct dietary supplementation to produce sustainable dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jie Mei
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yinxiang Wang
- Shandong Yinxiang Weiye Group Co. Ltd., Heze 401420, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Shandong Yinxiang Weiye Group Co. Ltd., Heze 401420, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Fu X, Li X, Wang W, Li J. DPP3 promotes breast cancer tumorigenesis by stabilizing FASN and promoting lipid synthesis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:805-818. [PMID: 38655619 PMCID: PMC11177116 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
DPP3, a dipeptidyl peptidase, participates in a variety of pathophysiological processes. DPP3 is upregulated in cancer and might serve as a key factor in the tumorigenesis and progression of various malignancies. However, its specific role and molecular mechanism are still unknown. In this study, the expression of DPP3 in breast cancer tissues is analyzed using TCGA database. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis is performed to estimate the effect of DPP3 on the survival outcomes. To explore the biological function and mechanisms of DPP3 in breast cancer, biochemical and cell biology assays are conducted in vitro. DPP3 expresses at a higher level in breast cancer tissues than that in adjacent tissues in both TCGA database and clinical samples. Patients with high expression of DPP3 have poor survival outcomes. The proliferation and migration abilities of tumor cells with stable DPP3 knockout in breast cancer cell lines are significantly inhibited, and apoptosis is increased in vitro. GSEA analysis shows that DPP3 can affect lipid metabolism and fatty acid synthesis in tumors. Subsequent experiments show that DPP3 could stabilize FASN expression and thus promote fatty acid synthesis in tumor cells. The results of the metabolomic analysis also confirm that DPP3 can affect the content of free fatty acids. This study demonstrates that DPP3 plays a role in the reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism in tumors and is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. These findings will provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Fu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430060China
- Department of General SurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430060China
| | - Xu Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of General SurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430060China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430060China
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Yan L, Deng Y, Du Y, Fang X, Fang X, Zhang Q. Metabolic Regulations of Smilax china L. against β-Amyloid Toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Metabolites 2024; 14:49. [PMID: 38248852 PMCID: PMC10818737 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Smilax china L. (Chinaroot) is a natural herb that has multiple uses, such as being used to make tea and food. Both its roots and leaves have different uses due to their unique components. In this study, we analyzed the extract of S. china. roots using LC-HRMS and evaluated the neuroprotective effects and metabolic regulation of S. china on Caenorhabditis elegans. Chinaroot extract prolonged the life span of healthy nematodes, delayed the paralysis time of transgenic CL4176, and reduced the level of β-amyloid deposition in transgenic CL2006. The comprehensive analysis of metabolomics and qRT-PCR revealed that Chinaroot extract exerted neuroprotective effects through the valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation and fatty acid degradation pathways. Moreover, we first discovered that the expressions of T09B4.8, ech-7, and agxt-1 were linked to the neuroprotective effects of Chinaroot. The material exerted neuroprotective effects by modulating metabolic abnormalities in AD model C. elegans. Our study provides a new foundation for the development of functional food properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuchan Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yulan Du
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xutong Fang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Ramezani M, Fernando M, Eslick S, Asih PR, Shadfar S, Bandara EMS, Hillebrandt H, Meghwar S, Shahriari M, Chatterjee P, Thota R, Dias CB, Garg ML, Martins RN. Ketone bodies mediate alterations in brain energy metabolism and biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1297984. [PMID: 38033541 PMCID: PMC10687427 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1297984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive dysfunction, including learning and memory deficits, and behavioral changes. Neuropathology hallmarks of AD such as amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles containing the neuron-specific protein tau is associated with changes in fluid biomarkers including Aβ, phosphorylated tau (p-tau)-181, p-tau 231, p-tau 217, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NFL). Another pathological feature of AD is neural damage and hyperactivation of astrocytes, that can cause increased pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. In addition, reduced brain glucose metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction appears up to 15 years before the onset of clinical AD symptoms. As glucose utilization is compromised in the brain of patients with AD, ketone bodies (KBs) may serve as an alternative source of energy. KBs are generated from the β-oxidation of fatty acids, which are enhanced following consumption of ketogenic diets with high fat, moderate protein, and low carbohydrate. KBs have been shown to cross the blood brain barrier to improve brain energy metabolism. This review comprehensively summarizes the current literature on how increasing KBs support brain energy metabolism. In addition, for the first time, this review discusses the effects of ketogenic diet on the putative AD biomarkers such as Aβ, tau (mainly p-tau 181), GFAP, and NFL, and discusses the role of KBs on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Ramezani
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Malika Fernando
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaun Eslick
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Prita R. Asih
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sina Shadfar
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Heidi Hillebrandt
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Silochna Meghwar
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Maryam Shahriari
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Pratishtha Chatterjee
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Rohith Thota
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Cintia B. Dias
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Manohar L. Garg
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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12
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Kou J, Kang H, Hu L, Wang D, Wang S, Wang Q, Yang Z. Evaluation of improvement of cognitive impairment in older adults with probiotic supplementation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 54:155-162. [PMID: 37788563 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the improvement of cognitive impairment in older adults through probiotic supplementation. METHODS A literature review on probiotic supplementation for treating cognitive impairment in older adults was conducted using English and Chinese databases from 1984 to 2023. Two researchers extracted relevant data independently, and a meta-analysis was performed with RevMan software. RESULTS A comprehensive analysis of ten pertinent papers was conducted, involving a sample of 702 old adults with cognitive impairment. The findings from this study revealed that probiotic supplementation exhibited a positive impact on cognitive symptoms, specifically memory (MD = 0.14, 95% CI :0.05~0.22, P = 0.001) and overall cognitive function (SMD = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.25~1.21, P=0.003), as well as oxidative stress levels, including total antioxidant capacity (MD=52.54, 95% CI:39.52~65.56, P < 0.01), malondialdehyde (MD=-0.11, 95% CI:-0.15~-0.07, P < 0.01), and glutathione (MD=17.08, 95% CI:8.65~25.5, P < 0.01). However, probiotic supplementation failed to enhance patients' psychological symptoms (SMD =0.18, 95% CI:-0.56~0.92, P = 0.64). CONCLUSIONS Probiotic supplementation can enhance cognitive symptoms and decrease oxidative stress in older adults with cognitive impairment. However, it does not improve psychological symptoms. More research is needed to determine the effects of probiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal symptoms and sleep quality in this population. Further supplementation and improvement will be necessary once high-quality literature becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Kou
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Road, Wenjiang District 611137, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hua Kang
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Road, Wenjiang District 611137, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Lizi Hu
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Road, Wenjiang District 611137, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Road, Wenjiang District 611137, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Road, Wenjiang District 611137, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Road, Wenjiang District 611137, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zijiang Yang
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Road, Wenjiang District 611137, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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13
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Zhao J, Zhao F, Yuan J, Liu H, Wang Y. Gut microbiota metabolites, redox status, and the related regulatory effects of probiotics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21431. [PMID: 38027795 PMCID: PMC10643359 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a state of imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation. It is caused by excess levels of free radicals and leads to the damage of DNA, proteins, and lipids. The crucial role of gut microbiota in regulating oxidative stress has been widely demonstrated. Studies have suggested that the redox regulatory effects of gut microbiota are related to gut microbiota metabolites, including fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, tryptophan metabolites, trimethylamine-N-oxide and polyphenolic metabolites. In recent years, the potential benefits of probiotics have been gaining increasing scientific interest owing to their ability to modulate gut microbiota and oxidative stress. In this review, we summarise the adverse health effects of oxidative stress and discuss the role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in redox regulation. Based on the influence of gut microbiota metabolites, the roles of probiotics in preventing oxidative stress are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Junmeng Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, China
| | - Huawei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, China
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14
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Mackei M, Sebők C, Vöröházi J, Tráj P, Mackei F, Oláh B, Fébel H, Neogrády Z, Mátis G. Detrimental consequences of tebuconazole on redox homeostasis and fatty acid profile of honeybee brain. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 159:103990. [PMID: 37488035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Excessive use of azole fungicides in agriculture poses a potential threat to honeybees and other pollinator insects; however, the detailed effects of these molecules remain largely unclear. Hence, in the present study it was aimed to investigate the acute sublethal effects of tebuconazole on the redox homeostasis and fatty acid composition in the brain of honeybees. Our findings demonstrate that tebuconazole decreased total antioxidant capacity, the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione and disturbed the function of key antioxidant defense enzymes along with the induction of lipid peroxidation indicated by increased malondialdehyde levels, while it also altered the fatty acid profile of the brain. The present study highlights the negative impact of tebuconazole on honeybees and contributes to the understanding of potential consequences related to azole exposure on pollinator insects' health, such as the occurrence of colony collapse disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Mackei
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078, Hungary.
| | - Csilla Sebők
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Júlia Vöröházi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Patrik Tráj
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Mackei
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Oláh
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hedvig Fébel
- Nutrition Physiology Research Group, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gesztenyés Street 1, H-2053 Herceghalom, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Neogrády
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mátis
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078, Hungary
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15
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Xu A, Li W, Cai J, Wen Z, Wang K, Chen Y, Li X, Guan D, Duan C. Screening of key functional components of Taohong Siwu Decoction on ischemic stroke treatment based on multiobjective optimization approach and experimental validation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:178. [PMID: 37264383 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taohong Siwu Decoction (THSWD) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription in the treatment of ischemic stroke. There are thousands of chemical components in THSWD. However, the key functional components are still poorly understood. This study aimed to construct a mathematical model for screening of active ingredients in TCM prescriptions and apply it to THSWD on ischemic stroke. METHODS Botanical drugs and compounds in THSWD were acquired from multiple public TCM databases. All compounds were initially screened by ADMET properties. SEA, HitPick, and Swiss Target Prediction were used for target prediction of the filtered compounds. Ischemic stroke pathological genes were acquired from the DisGeNet database. The compound-target-pathogenic gene (C-T-P) network of THSWD was constructed and then optimized using the multiobjective optimization (MOO) algorithm. We calculated the cumulative target coverage score of each compound and screened the top compounds with 90% coverage. Finally, verification of the neuroprotective effect of these compounds was performed with the oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) model. RESULTS The optimized C-T-P network contains 167 compounds, 1,467 predicted targets, and 1,758 stroke pathological genes. And the MOO model showed better optimization performance than the degree model, closeness model, and betweenness model. Then, we calculated the cumulative target coverage score of the above compounds, and the cumulative effect of 39 compounds on pathogenic genes reached 90% of all compounds. Furthermore, the experimental results showed that decanoic acid, butylphthalide, chrysophanol, and sinapic acid significantly increased cell viability. Finally, the docking results showed the binding modes of these four compounds and their target proteins. CONCLUSION This study provides a methodological reference for the screening of potential therapeutic compounds of TCM. In addition, decanoic acid and sinapic acid screened from THSWD were found having potential neuroprotective effects first and verified with cell experiments, however, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to explore the precise mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Xu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253. Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenxing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieqi Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuohua Wen
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253. Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xifeng Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253. Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
| | - Daogang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chuanzhi Duan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253. Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Potential of Capric Acid in Neurological Disorders: An Overview. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:697-712. [PMID: 36342577 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To solve the restrictions of a classical ketogenic diet, a modified medium-chain triglyceride diet was introduced which required only around 60% of dietary energy. Capric acid (CA), a small molecule, is one of the main components because its metabolic profile offers itself as an alternate source of energy to the brain in the form of ketone bodies. This is possible with the combined capability of CA to cross the blood-brain barrier and achieve a concentration of 50% concentration in the brain more than any other fatty acid in plasma. Natural sources of CA include vegetable oils such as palm oil and coconut oil, mammalian milk and some seeds. Several studies have shown that CA has varied action on targets that include AMPA receptors, PPAR-γ, inflammatory/oxidative stress pathways and gut dysbiosis. Based on these lines of evidence, CA has proved to be effective in the amelioration of neurological diseases such as epilepsy, affective disorders and Alzheimer's disease. But these studies still warrant more pre-clinical and clinical studies that would further prove its efficacy. Hence, to understand the potential of CA in brain disease and associated comorbid conditions, an advance and rigorous molecular mechanistic study, apart from the reported in-vitro/in-vivo studies, is urgently required for the development of this compound through clinical setups.
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17
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Kanprakobkit W, Kielarova SW, Wichai U, Bunyapraphatsara N, Kielar F. Incrementing MCT Character of Coconut Oil Using Enzyme Catalyzed Interesterification. J Oleo Sci 2023; 72:87-97. [PMID: 36504191 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of coconut oil was modified using enzyme catalyzed interesterification with the aim of obtaining a product more alike to commercial MCT oils. This modification was carried out with the aim to obtain a product with some of the health benefits shown by MCT oils. Initially, lipase B from Candida antarctica immobilized on acrylic resin and lipozyme TL IM were tested as enzyme catalysts for the reaction. The enzyme catalysts have shown similar performance and lipozyme TL IM has been chosen as the catalyst based on its lower cost. The effects of reaction time, oil to methyl octanoate ratio, and enzyme loading on the reaction performance have been investigated with response surface methodology (RSM) utilizing the Box-Behnken approach. The optimized reaction was scaled up to 20 g. The possibility to source the medium chain fatty acid esters from coconut oil fatty acid distillate using a simple procedure was demonstrated and the possibility to use these esters for the interesterification of coconut oil has been demonstrated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winranath Kanprakobkit
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
| | | | - Uthai Wichai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
| | | | - Filip Kielar
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
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18
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Sanguanphun T, Sornkaew N, Malaiwong N, Chalorak P, Jattujan P, Niamnont N, Sobhon P, Meemon K. Neuroprotective effects of a medium chain fatty acid, decanoic acid, isolated from H. leucospilota against Parkinsonism in C. elegans PD model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1004568. [PMID: 36582526 PMCID: PMC9792845 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1004568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers are marine organism that have long been used for food and traditional medicine in Asian countries. Recently, we have shown that ethyl acetate fraction (HLEA) of the crude extract of the black sea cucumber, Holothuria leucospilota, could alleviate Parkinsonism in Caenorhabditis elegans PD models. In this study, we found that the effective neuroprotective activity is attributed to HLEA-P1 compound chemically isolated and identified in H. leucospilota ethyl acetate. We reported here that HLEA-P1 could attenuate DAergic neurodegeneration, improve DAergic-dependent behaviors, reduce oxidative stress in 6-OHDA-induced C. elegans. In addition, HLEA-P1 reduced α-synuclein aggregation, improved behavior deficit and recovered lipid deposition in transgenic C. elegans overexpressing α-synuclein. We also found that HLEA-P1 activates nuclear localization of DAF-16 transcription factor of insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway. Treatment with 25 μg/ml of HLEA-P1 upregulated transcriptional activity of DAF-16 target genes including anti-oxidant genes (such as sod-3) and small heat shock proteins (such as hsp16.1, hsp16.2, and hsp12.6) in 6-OHDA-induced worms. In α-synuclein-overexpressed C. elegans strain, treatment with 5 μg/ml of HLEA-P1 significantly activated mRNA expression of sod-3 and hsp16.2. Chemical analysis demonstrated that HLEA-P1 compound is decanoic acid/capric acid. Taken together, our findings revealed that decanoic acid isolated from H. leucospilota exerts anti-Parkinson effect in C. elegans PD models by partly modulating IIS/DAF-16 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanatcha Sanguanphun
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nilubon Sornkaew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nawaphat Malaiwong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawanrat Chalorak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,Department of Radiological Technology and Medical Physics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapaporn Jattujan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nakorn Niamnont
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasert Sobhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krai Meemon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,*Correspondence: Krai Meemon,
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Ameen AO, Freude K, Aldana BI. Fats, Friends or Foes: Investigating the Role of Short- and Medium-Chain Fatty Acids in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2778. [PMID: 36359298 PMCID: PMC9687972 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterising Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a metabolic disorder of the brain is gaining acceptance based on the pathophysiological commonalities between AD and major metabolic disorders. Therefore, metabolic interventions have been explored as a strategy for brain energetic rescue. Amongst these, medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) supplementations have been reported to rescue the energetic failure in brain cells as well as the cognitive decline in patients. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) have also been implicated in AD pathology. Due to the increasing therapeutic interest in metabolic interventions and brain energetic rescue in neurodegenerative disorders, in this review, we first summarise the role of SCFAs and MCFAs in AD. We provide a comparison of the main findings regarding these lipid species in established AD animal models and recently developed human cell-based models of this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishat O. Ameen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Blanca I. Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Nonglang FP, Khale A, Wankhar W, Bhan S. Pharmacognostic evaluation of Eranthemum indicum extracts for its in-vitro antioxidant activity, acute toxicology, and investigation of potent bioactive phytocompounds using HPTLC and GCMS. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Northeast India has a rich resource of herbal plants, and it is essential to validate their therapeutic activity with proper scientific evidence. This study aims to identify active phytocompounds found in the extracts of Eranthemum indicum (E. indicum) and to determine its antioxidative activities and toxicity.
Results
In vitro free radical scavenging activity of the aqueous extract (AE) and methanol extract (ME) of E. indicum (leaves) was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic-acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total antioxidant activity (TAC). ME depicted better inhibitory concentration when compared to AE. This indicates the effective extraction capacity of methanol, which is consistent with the fact that ME had a higher polyphenol and flavonoid, resulting in their antioxidative activity. HPTLC analysis using the solvent system of ethyl acetate/methanol/ammonia 28–30% (40:10:10) showed better fingerprinting separation, especially in the ME. Furthermore, DPPH radical solution, when used as a derivatizing agent in HPTLC analysis, confirmed that ME has better in vitro antioxidant activities than AE. GCMS analysis of AE identified 3-beta-hydroxy-5-cholen-24-oic-acid as active compound, while in ME Beta.-l-arabinopyranoside and 2-methyl-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-2-(4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)-oxetane were identified as the major bioactive compound. Acute toxicological investigations have shown that both E. indicum extracts have a high L.D. 50 value of 1533 mg/kg b.w for AE and 1567 mg/kg b.w for ME making them safe and non-toxic.
Conclusions
Extraction and identification of these phytocompounds in the extracts of E. indicum can help us scientifically document its medicinal importance, and its benefit in pharmaceutical industries. Since it showed promising free radical scavenging activity, it can also be a potent antioxidant source.
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21
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Watanabe S, Tsujino S. Applications of Medium-Chain Triglycerides in Foods. Front Nutr 2022; 9:802805. [PMID: 35719157 PMCID: PMC9203050 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.802805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 1950s, the production of processed fats and oils from coconut oil was popular in the United States. It became necessary to find uses for the medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) that were byproducts of the process, and a production method for medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) was established. At the time of this development, its use as a non-fattening fat was being studied. In the early days MCFAs included fatty acids ranging from hexanoic acid (C6:0) to dodecanoic acid (C12:0), but today their compositions vary among manufacturers and there seems to be no clear definition. MCFAs are more polar than long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) because of their shorter chain length, and their hydrolysis and absorption properties differ greatly. These differences in physical properties have led, since the 1960s, to the use of MCTs to improve various lipid absorption disorders and malnutrition. More than half a century has passed since MCTs were first used in the medical field. It has been reported that they not only have properties as an energy source, but also have various physiological effects, such as effects on fat and protein metabolism. The enhancement of fat oxidation through ingestion of MCTs has led to interest in the study of body fat reduction and improvement of endurance during exercise. Recently, MCTs have also been shown to promote protein anabolism and inhibit catabolism, and applied research has been conducted into the prevention of frailty in the elderly. In addition, a relatively large ingestion of MCTs can be partially converted into ketone bodies, which can be used as a component of "ketone diets" in the dietary treatment of patients with intractable epilepsy, or in the nutritional support of terminally ill cancer patients. The possibility of improving cognitive function in dementia patients and mild cognitive impairment is also being studied. Obesity due to over-nutrition and lack of exercise, and frailty due to under-nutrition and aging, are major health issues in today's society. MCTs have been studied in relation to these concerns. In this paper we will introduce the results of applied research into the use of MCTs by healthy subjects.
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Accumulation of medium chain fatty acids in Nannochloropsis oceanica by heterologous expression of Cuphea palustris thioesterase FatB1. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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JIAN L, GUO J, ZHANG Y, LIU J, LIU Y, XU J. Using integrated GC-MS analysis, in vitro experiments, network pharmacology: exploring migao fatty oil active components/mechanisms against coronary heart disease. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.89322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina JIAN
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jiangtao GUO
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yongping ZHANG
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Engineering Research Center of Miao's Medicines, China; Guizhou Chinese Medicine Processing and Preparation Engineering Technology Research Center, China
| | - Jie LIU
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Engineering Research Center of Miao's Medicines, China; Guizhou Chinese Medicine Processing and Preparation Engineering Technology Research Center, China
| | - Yao LIU
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jian XU
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Engineering Research Center of Miao's Medicines, China; Guizhou Chinese Medicine Processing and Preparation Engineering Technology Research Center, China
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The Impact of Medium Chain and Polyunsaturated ω-3-Fatty Acids on Amyloid-β Deposition, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Dysfunction Associated with Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121991. [PMID: 34943094 PMCID: PMC8698946 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population, is closely linked to a dysregulated cerebral lipid homeostasis and particular changes in brain fatty acid (FA) composition. The abnormal extracellular accumulation and deposition of the peptide amyloid-β (Aβ) is considered as an early toxic event in AD pathogenesis, which initiates a series of events leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. These include the induction of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, the disruption of calcium homeostasis and membrane integrity, an impairment of cerebral energy metabolism, as well as synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunction. Dietary medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and polyunsaturated ω-3-fatty acids (ω-3-PUFAs) seem to be valuable for disease modification. Both classes of FAs have neuronal health-promoting and cognition-enhancing properties and might be of benefit for patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms by which MCFAs and ω-3-PUFAs reduce the cerebral Aβ deposition, improve brain energy metabolism, and lessen oxidative stress levels.
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Mett J, Lauer AA, Janitschke D, Griebsch LV, Theiss EL, Grimm HS, Koivisto H, Tanila H, Hartmann T, Grimm MOW. Medium-Chain Length Fatty Acids Enhance Aβ Degradation by Affecting Insulin-Degrading Enzyme. Cells 2021; 10:2941. [PMID: 34831163 PMCID: PMC8616162 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is one of the major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), a zinc-metalloprotease, is a key enzyme involved in Aβ degradation, which, in addition to Aβ production, is critical for Aβ homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that saturated medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) increase total Aβ degradation whereas longer saturated fatty acids result in an inhibition of its degradation, an effect which could not be detected in IDE knock-down cells. Further analysis of the underlying molecular mechanism revealed that MCFAs result in an increased exosomal IDE secretion, leading to an elevated extracellular and a decreased intracellular IDE level whereas gene expression of IDE was unaffected in dependence of the chain length. Additionally, MCFAs directly elevated the enzyme activity of recombinant IDE, while longer-chain length fatty acids resulted in an inhibited IDE activity. The effect of MCFAs on IDE activity could be confirmed in mice fed with a MCFA-enriched diet, revealing an increased IDE activity in serum. Our data underline that not only polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but also short-chain fatty acids, highly enriched, for example in coconut oil, might be beneficial in preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Mett
- Biosciences Zoology/Physiology-Neurobiology, Faculty NT-Natural Science and Technology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
| | - Anna A. Lauer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Daniel Janitschke
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Lea V. Griebsch
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Elena L. Theiss
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Heike S. Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Hennariikka Koivisto
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (H.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (H.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcus O. W. Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
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Ng AMJ, Yang R, Zhang H, Xue B, Yew WS, Nguyen GKT. A Novel Lipase from Lasiodiplodia theobromae Efficiently Hydrolyses C8-C10 Methyl Esters for the Preparation of Medium-Chain Triglycerides' Precursors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10339. [PMID: 34638680 PMCID: PMC8508680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are an emerging choice to treat neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. They are triesters of glycerol and three medium-chain fatty acids, such as capric (C8) and caprylic (C10) acids. The availability of C8-C10 methyl esters (C8-C10 ME) from vegetable oil processes has presented an opportunity to use methyl esters as raw materials for the synthesis of MCTs. However, there are few reports on enzymes that can efficiently hydrolyse C8-C10 ME to industrial specifications. Here, we report the discovery and identification of a novel lipase from Lasiodiplodia theobromae fungus (LTL1), which hydrolyses C8-C10 ME efficiently. LTL1 can perform hydrolysis over pH ranges from 3.0 to 9.0 and maintain thermotolerance up to 70 °C. It has high selectivity for monoesters over triesters and displays higher activity over commercially available lipases for C8-C10 ME to achieve 96.17% hydrolysis within 31 h. Structural analysis by protein X-ray crystallography revealed LTL1's well-conserved lipase core domain, together with a partially resolved N-terminal subdomain and an inserted loop, which may suggest its hydrolytic preference for monoesters. In conclusion, our results suggest that LTL1 provides a tractable route towards to production of C8-C10 fatty acids from methyl esters for the synthesis of MCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Mong Jie Ng
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, Wilmar International Limited, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (A.M.J.N.); (R.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Wilmar Innovation Centre, Wilmar International Limited, 28 Biopolis Road, Singapore 138568, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore;
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Renliang Yang
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, Wilmar International Limited, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (A.M.J.N.); (R.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Wilmar Innovation Centre, Wilmar International Limited, 28 Biopolis Road, Singapore 138568, Singapore
| | - Hongfang Zhang
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, Wilmar International Limited, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (A.M.J.N.); (R.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Wilmar Innovation Centre, Wilmar International Limited, 28 Biopolis Road, Singapore 138568, Singapore
| | - Bo Xue
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore;
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Wen Shan Yew
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore;
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Giang Kien Truc Nguyen
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, Wilmar International Limited, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (A.M.J.N.); (R.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Wilmar Innovation Centre, Wilmar International Limited, 28 Biopolis Road, Singapore 138568, Singapore
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Analyzing Olfactory Neuron Precursors Non-Invasively Isolated through NADH FLIM as a Potential Tool to Study Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126311. [PMID: 34204595 PMCID: PMC8231156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all the proposed pathogenic mechanisms to understand the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), increased oxidative stress seems to be a robust and early disease feature where many of those hypotheses converge. However, despite the significant lines of evidence accumulated, an effective diagnosis and treatment of AD are not yet available. This limitation might be partially explained by the use of cellular and animal models that recapitulate partial aspects of the disease and do not account for the particular biology of patients. As such, cultures of patient-derived cells of peripheral origin may provide a convenient solution for this problem. Peripheral cells of neuronal lineage such as olfactory neuronal precursors (ONPs) can be easily cultured through non-invasive isolation, reproducing AD-related oxidative stress. Interestingly, the autofluorescence of key metabolic cofactors such as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) can be highly correlated with the oxidative state and antioxidant capacity of cells in a non-destructive and label-free manner. In particular, imaging NADH through fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has greatly improved the sensitivity in detecting oxidative shifts with minimal intervention to cell physiology. Here, we discuss the translational potential of analyzing patient-derived ONPs non-invasively isolated through NADH FLIM to reveal AD-related oxidative stress. We believe this approach may potentially accelerate the discovery of effective antioxidant therapies and contribute to early diagnosis and personalized monitoring of this devastating disease.
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