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Bergkamp DJ, Neumaier JF. How omics is revealing new roles for glia in addiction. Glia 2024. [PMID: 38894643 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Experiments to study the biology of addiction have historically focused on the mechanisms through which drugs of abuse drive changes in the functioning of neurons and neural circuits. Glia have often been ignored in these studies, however, and this has left many questions in the field unanswered, particularly, surrounding how glia contribute to changes in synaptic plasticity, regulation of neuroinflammation, and functioning of neural ensembles given massive changes in signaling across the CNS. Omics methods (transcriptomics, translatomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and others) have expanded researchers' abilities to generate hypotheses and carry out mechanistic studies of glial cells during acquisition of drug taking, intoxication, withdrawal, and relapse to drug seeking. Here, we present a survey of how omics technological advances are revising our understanding of astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells in addiction biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Bergkamp
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- VISN 20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John F Neumaier
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- VISN 20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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2
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Csikós V, Dóra F, Láng T, Darai L, Szendi V, Tóth A, Cservenák M, Dobolyi A. Social Isolation Induces Changes in the Monoaminergic Signalling in the Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Cells 2024; 13:1043. [PMID: 38920671 PMCID: PMC11201939 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The effects of short-term social isolation during adulthood have not yet been fully established in rats behaviourally, and not at all transcriptomically in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). (2) Methods: We measured the behavioural effects of housing adult male rats in pairs or alone for 10 days. We also used RNA sequencing to measure the accompanying gene expression alterations in the mPFC of male rats. (3) Results: The isolated animals exhibited reduced sociability and social novelty preference, but increased social interaction. There was no change in their aggression, anxiety, or depression-like activity. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a differential expression of 46 genes between the groups. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that differentially expressed genes are involved in neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, particularly in the dopaminergic and peptidergic systems, and addiction. Subsequent validation confirmed the decreased level of three altered genes: regulator of G protein signalling 9 (Rgs9), serotonin receptor 2c (Htr2c), and Prodynorphin (Pdyn), which are involved in dopaminergic, serotonergic, and peptidergic function, respectively. Antagonizing Htr2c confirmed its role in social novelty discrimination. (4) Conclusions: Social homeostatic regulations include monoaminergic and peptidergic systems of the mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Csikós
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fanni Dóra
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Láng
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luca Darai
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vivien Szendi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Tóth
- In Vivo Electrophysiology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Cservenák
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Arpád Dobolyi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Anversa RG, Maddern XJ, Lawrence AJ, Walker LC. Orphan peptide and G protein-coupled receptor signalling in alcohol use disorder. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:595-609. [PMID: 38073127 PMCID: PMC10953447 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have long been, and continue to be, one of the most popular target classes for drug discovery in CNS disorders, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). Yet, orphaned neuropeptide systems and receptors (oGPCR), which have no known cognate receptor or ligand, remain understudied in drug discovery and development. Orphan neuropeptides and oGPCRs are abundantly expressed within the brain and represent an unprecedented opportunity to address brain function and may hold potential as novel treatments for disease. Here, we describe the current literature regarding orphaned neuropeptides and oGPCRs implicated in AUD. Specifically, in this review, we focus on the orphaned neuropeptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), and several oGPCRs that have been directly implicated in AUD (GPR6, GPR26, GPR88, GPR139, GPR158) and discuss their potential and pitfalls as novel treatments, and progress in identifying their cognate receptors or ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Goncalves Anversa
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthMelbourneVICAustralia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Xavier J. Maddern
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthMelbourneVICAustralia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Andrew J. Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthMelbourneVICAustralia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Leigh C. Walker
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthMelbourneVICAustralia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
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Madhyastha S, Rao MS, Renno WM. Serotonergic and Adrenergic Neuroreceptor Manipulation Ameliorates Core Symptoms of ADHD through Modulating Dopaminergic Receptors in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2300. [PMID: 38396978 PMCID: PMC10888658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The core symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are due to the hypofunction of the brain's adrenergic (NE) and dopamine (DA) systems. Drugs that enhance DA and NE neurotransmission in the brain by blocking their transporters or receptors are the current therapeutic strategies. Of late, the emerging results point out the serotonergic (5-HT) system, which indirectly modulates the DA activity in reducing the core symptoms of ADHD. On this basis, second-generation antipsychotics, which utilize 5-HT receptors, were prescribed to children with ADHD. However, it is not clear how serotonergic receptors modulate the DA activity to minimize the symptoms of ADHD. The present study investigates the efficacy of serotonergic and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor manipulation in tackling the core symptoms of ADHD and how it affects the DA neuroreceptors in the brain regions involved in ADHD. Fifteen-day-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) received 5-HT1A agonist (ipsapirone) or 5-HT2A antagonist (MDL 100907) (i.p.) or alpha-2 agonist (GFC) from postnatal days 15 to 42 along with age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) (n = 8 in each group). ADHD-like behaviors were assessed using a battery of behavioral tests during postnatal days 44 to 65. After the behavioral tests, rat brains were processed to estimate the density of 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, DA-D1, and DA-D2 neuroreceptors in the prefrontal cortex, the striatum, and the substantia nigra. All three neuroreceptor manipulations were able to minimize the core symptoms of ADHD in SHRs. The positive effect was mainly associated with the upregulation of 5-HT2A receptors in all three areas investigated, while 5-HT1A was in the prefrontal cortex and the substantia nigra. Further, the DA-D1 receptor expression was downregulated by all three neuroreceptor manipulations except for alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists in the striatum and 5-HT2A antagonists in the substantia nigra. The DA-D2 expression was upregulated in the striatum while downregulated in the prefrontal cortex and the substantia nigra. In this animal model study, the 5-HT1A agonist or 5-HT2A antagonist monotherapies were able to curtail the ADHD symptoms by differential expression of DA receptors in different regions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath Madhyastha
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait; (M.S.R.); (W.M.R.)
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Zhao Z, Liu Z, Wang J, Li X, He Y, Chen L, Mai Y, Wei X, Ding J, Ge F, Fan Y, Guan X. Fine-Regional Role of the Claustrum in Anxiety and Higher Sensitivity to Cocaine in Adolescent Cocaine-Exposed Male Mice during Adulthood. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0884232023. [PMID: 38148153 PMCID: PMC10860578 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0884-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent cocaine exposure (ACE) induces anxiety and higher sensitivity to substances abuse during adulthood. Here, we show that the claustrum is crucial for controlling these psychiatric problems in male mice. In anxiety-like behavioral tests, the CaMKII-positive neurons in the median portion of the claustrum (MClaustrum) were triggered, and local suppression of these neurons reduced the anxiety-like behavior in ACE mice during adulthood. In contrast, the CaMKII-positive neurons in the anterior portion of the claustrum (AClaustrum) were more activated in response to subthreshold dose of cocaine induced conditioned place preference (CPP), and local suppression of these neurons blocked the acquisition of cocaine CPP in ACE mice during adulthood. Our findings for the first time identified the fine-regional role of the claustrum in regulating the anxiety and susceptibility to cocaine in ACE mice during adulthood, extending our understanding of the claustrum in substance use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuhong He
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liying Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuning Mai
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianhua Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Feifei Ge
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaowei Guan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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Passeri A, Municchi D, Cavalieri G, Babicola L, Ventura R, Di Segni M. Linking drug and food addiction: an overview of the shared neural circuits and behavioral phenotype. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1240748. [PMID: 37767338 PMCID: PMC10520727 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1240748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a lack of agreement on its definition and inclusion as a specific diagnosable disturbance, the food addiction construct is supported by several neurobiological and behavioral clinical and preclinical findings. Recognizing food addiction is critical to understanding how and why it manifests. In this overview, we focused on those as follows: 1. the hyperpalatable food effects in food addiction development; 2. specific brain regions involved in both food and drug addiction; and 3. animal models highlighting commonalities between substance use disorders and food addiction. Although results collected through animal studies emerged from protocols differing in several ways, they clearly highlight commonalities in behavioral manifestations and neurobiological alterations between substance use disorders and food addiction characteristics. To develop improved food addiction models, this heterogeneity should be acknowledged and embraced so that research can systematically investigate the role of specific variables in the development of the different behavioral features of addiction-like behavior in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Passeri
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology and Center “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Municchi
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology and Center “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cavalieri
- Department of Psychology and Center “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Ventura
- Department of Psychology and Center “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Segni
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology and Center “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Cajiao-Manrique MDM, Casadó-Anguera V, García-Blanco A, Maldonado R, Martín-García E. THC exposure during adolescence increases impulsivity-like behavior in adulthood in a WIN 55,212-2 self-administration mouse model. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1148993. [PMID: 37304451 PMCID: PMC10248087 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1148993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cannabis addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder lacking effective treatment. Regular cannabis consumption typically begins during adolescence, and this early cannabinoid exposure may increase the risk for drug addiction in adulthood. Objective This study investigates the development of cannabis addiction-like behavior in adult mice after adolescent exposure to the main psychoactive component of cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Methods Adolescent male mice were exposed to 5 mg/kg of THC from postnatal days 37 to 57. Operant self-administration sessions of WIN 55,212-2 (12.5 μg/kg/infusion) were conducted for 10 days. Mice were tested for three addiction-like criteria (persistence of response, motivation, and compulsivity), two parameters related to craving (resistance to extinction and drug-seeking behavior), and two phenotypic vulnerability traits related to substance use disorders (impulsivity and reward sensitivity). Additionally, qPCR assays were performed to detect differentially expressed genes in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsal striatum, and hippocampus (HPC) of "addicted" and "non-addicted" mice. Results Adolescent THC exposure did not modify WIN 55,212-2 reinforcement nor the development of cannabis addiction-like behavior. Inversely, THC pre-exposed mice displayed impulsive-like behavior in adulthood, which was more pronounced in mice that developed the addiction-like criteria. Moreover, downregulated drd2 and adora2a gene expression in NAc and HPC was revealed in THC pre-exposed mice, as well as a downregulation of drd2 expression in mPFC of vehicle pre-treated mice that developed addiction-like behaviors. Discussion These findings suggest that adolescent THC exposure may promote impulsivity-like behavior in adulthood, associated with downregulated drd2 and adora2a expression in NAc and HPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Mar Cajiao-Manrique
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verònica Casadó-Anguera
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra García-Blanco
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-García
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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Graham CAM, Spedicati B, Pelliccione G, Gasparini P, Concas MP. Regulator of G-Protein Signalling 9: A New Candidate Gene for Sweet Food Liking? Foods 2023; 12:foods12091739. [PMID: 37174278 PMCID: PMC10178705 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetics plays an important role in individual differences in food liking, which influences food choices and health. Sweet food liking is a complex trait and has been associated with increased body mass index (BMI) and related comorbidities. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) aimed to investigate the genetics of sweet food liking using two adult discovery cohorts (n = 1109, n = 373) and an independent replication cohort (n = 1073). In addition, we tested the association of our strongest result on parameters related to behaviour (food adventurousness (FA) and reward dependence (RD) and health status (BMI and blood glucose). The results demonstrate a novel strong association between the Regulator of G-Protein Signalling 9 (RGS9I) gene, strongest single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs58931966 (p-value 7.05 × 10-9 in the combined sample of discovery and replication), and sweet food liking, with the minor allele (A) being associated with a decreased sweet food liking. We also found that the A allele of the rs58931966 SNP was associated with decreased FA and RD, and increased BMI and blood glucose (p-values < 0.05). Differences were highlighted in sex-specific analysis on BMI and glucose. Our results highlight a novel genetic association with food liking and are indicative of genetic variation influencing the psychological-biological drivers of food preference. If confirmed in other studies, such genetic associations could allow a greater understanding of chronic disease management from both a habitual dietary intake and reward-related perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Anna-Marie Graham
- Cereneo Foundation, Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CEFIR), Seestrasse 18, 6354 Vitznau, Switzerland
- Lake Lucerne Institute, Seestrasse 18, 6354 Vitznau, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Spedicati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Pelliccione
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Lake Lucerne Institute, Seestrasse 18, 6354 Vitznau, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Horton AL, Campbell EJ, Aumann TD, O'Brien KR, Lawrence AJ, Brown RM. Addiction-like behaviour towards high-fat high-sugar food predicts relapse propensity in both obesity prone and obesity resistant C57BL/6 J mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 121:110654. [PMID: 36209772 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Compulsive overeating of palatable food is thought to underlie some forms of obesity. Similarities are often observed in the behavioural symptomology and the neuropathophysiology underlying substance use disorder and compulsive overeating. As such, preclinical animal models which assess addiction-like behaviour towards food may assist the understanding of the neurobiology underlying overeating behaviour. Further, the relationship between these behaviours and the propensity for diet-induced obesity warrants examination. In this study we investigated the relationship between the propensity for diet-induced obesity (DIO) and addiction-like behaviour towards highly palatable food in C57BL/6 J mice as measured by a 3-criteria model. We also examined the extent to which performance on this 3-criteria model predicted two key hallmark features of addiction - resistance to extinction and relapse propensity (as measured by reinstatement of lever pressing). C57BL/6 J mice were allowed free access to a palatable diet for 8 weeks then separated by weight gain into DIO-prone and DIO-resistant subgroups. Access to palatable food was then restricted to daily operant self-administration sessions whereby addiction-like behaviour towards a high-fat high-sugar food reward was assessed using a 3-criteria model similar to that used to assess addiction-like behaviour towards drugs of abuse. In contrast to findings in rats, no difference in addiction-like behaviour towards food was observed between obesity prone (OP) and obesity resistant (OR) mice. Similarly, principal components analysis found no distinct patterns in the relationship between addiction-like behaviours across treatment groups. This suggests that the strain and species of rodent may be critical for studying the mechanisms underlying pathological overconsumption. Further analysis revealed that the extent of performance on the 3-criteria model correlated with the propensity for C57BL/6 J mice to both extinguish food seeking behaviour and "relapse" after a period of withdrawal. This finding was evident across all groups, regardless of DIO. Collectively, these data validate the 3-criteria model as a robust model to comprehensively assess food addiction-like behaviour in mice, regardless of prior food intake history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Horton
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erin J Campbell
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy D Aumann
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina R O'Brien
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn M Brown
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Merritt CR, Smith AE, Khanipov K, Golovko G, Dineley KT, Anastasio NC, Cunningham KA. Heightened cocaine-seeking in male rats associates with a distinct transcriptomic profile in the medial prefrontal cortex. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1022863. [PMID: 36588704 PMCID: PMC9797046 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1022863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug overdose deaths involving cocaine have skyrocketed, an outcome attributable in part to the lack of FDA-approved medications for the treatment of cocaine use disorder (CUD), highlighting the need to identify new pharmacotherapeutic targets. Vulnerability to cocaine-associated environmental contexts and stimuli serves as a risk factor for relapse in CUD recovery, with individual differences evident in the motivational aspects of these cues. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) provides top-down control of striatal circuitry to regulate the incentive-motivational properties of cocaine-associated stimuli. Clinical and preclinical studies have identified genetic variations that impact the degree of executive restraint over drug-motivated behaviors, and we designed the present study to employ next-generation sequencing to identify specific genes associated with heightened cue-evoked cocaine-seeking in the mPFC of male, outbred rats. Rats were trained to stably self-administer cocaine, and baseline cue-reinforced cocaine-seeking was established. Rats were phenotyped as either high cue (HC) or low cue (LC) responders based upon lever pressing for previously associated cocaine cues and allowed 10 days of abstinence in their home cages prior to mPFC collection for RNA-sequencing. The expression of 309 genes in the mPFC was significantly different in HC vs. LC rats. Functional gene enrichment analyses identified ten biological processes that were overrepresented in the mPFC of HC vs. LC rats. The present study identifies distinctions in mPFC mRNA transcripts that characterizes individual differences in relapse-like behavior and provides prioritized candidates for future pharmacotherapeutics aimed to help maintain abstinence in CUD. In particular the Htr2c gene, which encodes the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor (5-HT2CR), is expressed to a lower extent in HC rats, relative to LC rats. These findings build on a plethora of previous studies that also point to the 5-HT2CR as an attractive target for the treatment of CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R. Merritt
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ashley E. Smith
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Kamil Khanipov
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - George Golovko
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Kelly T. Dineley
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Noelle C. Anastasio
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Cunningham
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Kessi M, Duan H, Xiong J, Chen B, He F, Yang L, Ma Y, Bamgbade OA, Peng J, Yin F. Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder updates. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:925049. [PMID: 36211978 PMCID: PMC9532551 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.925049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that commonly occurs in children with a prevalence ranging from 3.4 to 7.2%. It profoundly affects academic achievement, well-being, and social interactions. As a result, this disorder is of high cost to both individuals and society. Despite the availability of knowledge regarding the mechanisms of ADHD, the pathogenesis is not clear, hence, the existence of many challenges especially in making correct early diagnosis and provision of accurate management. Objectives We aimed to review the pathogenic pathways of ADHD in children. The major focus was to provide an update on the reported etiologies in humans, animal models, modulators, therapies, mechanisms, epigenetic changes, and the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Methods References for this review were identified through a systematic search in PubMed by using special keywords for all years until January 2022. Results Several genes have been reported to associate with ADHD: DRD1, DRD2, DRD4, DAT1, TPH2, HTR1A, HTR1B, SLC6A4, HTR2A, DBH, NET1, ADRA2A, ADRA2C, CHRNA4, CHRNA7, GAD1, GRM1, GRM5, GRM7, GRM8, TARBP1, ADGRL3, FGF1, MAOA, BDNF, SNAP25, STX1A, ATXN7, and SORCS2. Some of these genes have evidence both from human beings and animal models, while others have evidence in either humans or animal models only. Notably, most of these animal models are knockout and do not generate the genetic alteration of the patients. Besides, some of the gene polymorphisms reported differ according to the ethnic groups. The majority of the available animal models are related to the dopaminergic pathway. Epigenetic changes including SUMOylation, methylation, and acetylation have been reported in genes related to the dopaminergic pathway. Conclusion The dopaminergic pathway remains to be crucial in the pathogenesis of ADHD. It can be affected by environmental factors and other pathways. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how environmental factors relate to all neurotransmitter pathways; thus, more studies are needed. Although several genes have been related to ADHD, there are few animal model studies on the majority of the genes, and they do not generate the genetic alteration of the patients. More animal models and epigenetic studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kessi
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Haolin Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Baiyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Lifen Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Yanli Ma
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Olumuyiwa A. Bamgbade
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Yin,
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12
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Kwak MJ, Kim WY, Jung SH, Chung YJ, Kim JH. Differential transcriptome profile underlying risky choice in a rat gambling task. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:845-857. [PMID: 36094860 PMCID: PMC9872528 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Proper measurement of expected risk is important for making rational decisions, and maladaptive decision making may underlie various psychiatric disorders. However, differentially expressed genetic profiling involved in this process is still largely unknown. A rodent version of the gambling task (rGT) has been developed to measure decision-making by adopting the same principle of Iowa Gambling Task in humans. In the present study, we examined using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique whether there are differences in gene expression profiles in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) when rats make different choices toward risk in rGT. METHODS Rats were trained in a touch screen chamber to learn the relationships between 4 different light signals on the window of the screen and accompanied reward outcomes or punishments set up with different magnitudes and probabilities. Once they showed a stabilized pattern of preference upon free choice, rats were classified into risk-averse or risk-seeking groups. After performing the rGT, rats were decapitated, the mPFC and the NAc was dissected out, and NGS was performed with the total RNA extracted. RESULTS We found that 477 and 36 genes were differentially expressed (approximately 75 and 83% out of them were downregulated) in the mPFC and the NAc, respectively, in risk-seeking compared to risk-averse rats. Among those, we suggested a few top ranked genes that may contribute to promoting risky choices. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insights into transcriptional components underlying risky choices in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Ji Kwak
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Wha Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Evolution Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul 06591, South Korea,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul 06591, South Korea,Precision Medicine Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul 06591, South Korea,Corresponding authors. E-mail: , ,
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul 06591, South Korea,Precision Medicine Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul 06591, South Korea,Department of Microbiology, IRCGP, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul 06591, South Korea,Corresponding authors. E-mail: , ,
| | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea,Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea,Corresponding authors. E-mail: , ,
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13
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García-Blanco A, Domingo-Rodriguez L, Cabana-Domínguez J, Fernández-Castillo N, Pineda-Cirera L, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Burokas A, Espinosa-Carrasco J, Arboleya S, Latorre J, Stanton C, Cormand B, Fernández-Real JM, Martín-García E, Maldonado R. MicroRNAs signatures associated with vulnerability to food addiction in mice and humans. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:156281. [PMID: 35349487 PMCID: PMC9106358 DOI: 10.1172/jci156281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Food addiction is characterized by a loss of behavioral control over food intake and is associated with obesity and other eating disorders. The mechanisms underlying this behavioral disorder are largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the changes in miRNA expression promoted by food addiction in animals and humans and their involvement in the mechanisms underlying the behavioral hallmarks of this disorder. We found sharp similitudes between miRNA signatures in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of our animal cohort and circulating miRNA levels in our human cohort, which allowed us to identify several miRNAs of potential interest in the development of this disorder. Tough decoy (TuD) inhibition of miRNA-29c-3p in the mouse mPFC promoted persistence of the response and enhanced vulnerability to developing food addiction, whereas miRNA-665-3p inhibition promoted compulsion-like behavior and also enhanced food addiction vulnerability. In contrast, we found that miRNA-137-3p inhibition in the mPFC did not lead to the development of food addiction. Therefore, miRNA-29c-3p and miRNA-665-3p could be acting as protective factors with regard to food addiction. We believe the elucidation of these epigenetic mechanisms will lead to advances toward identifying innovative biomarkers and possible future interventions for food addiction and related disorders based on the strategies now available to modify miRNA activity and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra García-Blanco
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Domingo-Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Cabana-Domínguez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Noèlia Fernández-Castillo
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Pineda-Cirera
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Girona, Spain
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Aurelijus Burokas
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jose Espinosa-Carrasco
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Silvia Arboleya
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Jessica Latorre
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Girona, Spain
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jose-Manuel Fernández-Real
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Girona, Spain
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Deparment of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-García
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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14
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Islam KUS, Meli N, Blaess S. The Development of the Mesoprefrontal Dopaminergic System in Health and Disease. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:746582. [PMID: 34712123 PMCID: PMC8546303 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.746582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area are the main source of dopamine in the brain. They send out projections to a variety of forebrain structures, including dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex (PFC), establishing the nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, and mesoprefrontal pathways, respectively. The dopaminergic input to the PFC is essential for the performance of higher cognitive functions such as working memory, attention, planning, and decision making. The gradual maturation of these cognitive skills during postnatal development correlates with the maturation of PFC local circuits, which undergo a lengthy functional remodeling process during the neonatal and adolescence stage. During this period, the mesoprefrontal dopaminergic innervation also matures: the fibers are rather sparse at prenatal stages and slowly increase in density during postnatal development to finally reach a stable pattern in early adulthood. Despite the prominent role of dopamine in the regulation of PFC function, relatively little is known about how the dopaminergic innervation is established in the PFC, whether and how it influences the maturation of local circuits and how exactly it facilitates cognitive functions in the PFC. In this review, we provide an overview of the development of the mesoprefrontal dopaminergic system in rodents and primates and discuss the role of altered dopaminergic signaling in neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ushna S Islam
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Norisa Meli
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Blaess
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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15
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Wang Z, Wen P, Hu B, Cao S, Shi X, Guo W, Zhang S. Dopamine and dopamine receptor D1 as a novel favourable biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:586. [PMID: 34717619 PMCID: PMC8557590 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most common malignant tumours worldwide. Therefore, the identification and development of sensitivity- genes as novel diagnostic markers and effective therapeutic targets is urgently needed. Dopamine and dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) are reported to be involved in the progression of various cancers. However, the crucial role of DRD1 in HCC malignant activities remains unclear. Methods We enrolled 371 patients with liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to detect the expression and functions of DRD1. The Tumour Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), UALCAN database, Kaplan–Meier plotter, cBioPortal database, and LinkedOmics database were utilized for the systematic investigation of DRD1 expression and related clinical features, coexpressed genes, functional pathways, mutations, and immune infiltrates in HCC. Results In this study, we determined that DRD1 expression was decreased in HCC tumour tissues versus normal tissues and that low DRD1 expression indicated a poor prognosis. The significance of DRD1 expression varied among different tumour samples. The somatic mutation frequency of DRD1 in the LIHC cohort was 0.3%. The biological functions of DRD1 were detected and validated, and DRD1 was shown to be involved in various functional activities, including metabolism, oxidation, mitochondrial matrix-related processes and other related signaling pathways. In addition, out study indicated that DRD1 had significant correlations with the infiltration of macrophages, B cells and CD+ T cells in HCC. Conclusions These findings demonstrated the rationality of the potential application of DRD1 function as a novel biomarker for HCC diagnosis and a therapeutic target for HCC treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02298-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. .,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Peihao Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shengli Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. .,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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