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Zaidi M, Ma J, Thomas BP, Peña S, Harrison CE, Chen J, Lin SH, Derner KA, Baxter JD, Liticker J, Malloy CR, Bartnik-Olson B, Park JM. Functional activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in human brain using hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]pyruvate. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1822-1833. [PMID: 38265104 PMCID: PMC10950523 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pyruvate, produced from either glucose, glycogen, or lactate, is the dominant precursor of cerebral oxidative metabolism. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) flux is a direct measure of cerebral mitochondrial function and metabolism. Detection of [13 C]bicarbonate in the brain from hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate using carbon-13 (13 C) MRI provides a unique opportunity for assessing PDH flux in vivo. This study is to assess changes in cerebral PDH flux in response to visual stimuli using in vivo 13 C MRS with hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate. METHODS From seven sedentary adults in good general health, time-resolved [13 C]bicarbonate production was measured in the brain using 90° flip angles with minimal perturbation of its precursors, [1-13 C]pyruvate and [1-13 C]lactate, to test the hypothesis that the appearance of [13 C]bicarbonate signals in the brain reflects the metabolic changes associated with neuronal activation. With a separate group of healthy participants (n = 3), the likelihood of the bolus-injected [1-13 C]pyruvate being converted to [1-13 C]lactate prior to decarboxylation was investigated by measuring [13 C]bicarbonate production with and without [1-13 C]lactate saturation. RESULTS In the course of visual stimulation, the measured [13 C]bicarbonate signal normalized to the total 13 C signal in the visual cortex increased by 17.1% ± 15.9% (p = 0.017), whereas no significant change was detected in [1-13 C]lactate. Proton BOLD fMRI confirmed the regional activation in the visual cortex with the stimuli. Lactate saturation decreased bicarbonate-to-pyruvate ratio by 44.4% ± 9.3% (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION We demonstrated the utility of 13 C MRS with hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate for assessing the activation of cerebral PDH flux via the detection of [13 C]bicarbonate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheen Zaidi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA 75390
| | - Junjie Ma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA 75390
- GE Precision Healthcare, Jersey City, New Jersey, USA 07302
| | - Binu P. Thomas
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA 75390
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA 75390
| | - Salvador Peña
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA 75390
| | - Crystal E. Harrison
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA 75390
| | - Jun Chen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA 75390
| | - Sung-Han Lin
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA 75390
| | - Kelley A. Derner
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA 75390
| | - Jeannie D. Baxter
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA 75390
| | - Jeff Liticker
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA 75390
| | - Craig R. Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA 75390
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA 75390
| | - Brenda Bartnik-Olson
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA 92354
| | - Jae Mo Park
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA 75390
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA 75390
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA 75390
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Bøgh N, Grist JT, Rasmussen CW, Bertelsen LB, Hansen ESS, Blicher JU, Tyler DJ, Laustsen C. Lactate saturation limits bicarbonate detection in hyperpolarized 13 C-pyruvate MRI of the brain. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:1170-1179. [PMID: 35533254 PMCID: PMC9322338 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential effects of [1-13 C]lactate RF saturation pulses on [13 C]bicarbonate detection in hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate MRI of the brain. METHODS Thirteen healthy rats underwent MRI with hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate of either the brain (n = 8) or the kidneys, heart, and liver (n = 5). Dynamic, metabolite-selective imaging was used in a cross-over experiment in which [1-13 C]lactate was excited with either 0° or 90° flip angles. The [13 C]bicarbonate SNR and apparent [1-13 C]pyruvate-to-[13 C]bicarbonate conversion (kPB ) were determined. Furthermore, simulations were performed to identify the SNR optimal flip-angle scheme for detection of [1-13 C]lactate and [13 C]bicarbonate. RESULTS In the brain, the [13 C]bicarbonate SNR was 64% higher when [1-13 C]lactate was not excited (5.8 ± 1.5 vs 3.6 ± 1.3; 1.2 to 3.3-point increase; p = 0.0027). The apparent kPB decreased 25% with [1-13 C]lactate saturation (0.0047 ± 0.0008 s-1 vs 0.0034 ± 0.0006 s-1 ; 95% confidence interval, 0.0006-0.0019 s-1 increase; p = 0.0049). These effects were not present in the kidneys, heart, or liver. Simulations suggest that the optimal [13 C]bicarbonate SNR with a TR of 1 s in the brain is obtained with [13 C]bicarbonate, [1-13 C]lactate, and [1-13 C]pyruvate flip angles of 60°, 15°, and 10°, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Radiofrequency saturation pulses on [1-13 C]lactate limit [13 C]bicarbonate detection in the brain specifically, which could be due to shuttling of lactate from astrocytes to neurons. Our results have important implications for experimental design in studies in which [13 C]bicarbonate detection is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Bøgh
- MR Research Center, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - James T. Grist
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of RadiologyOxford University HospitalsOxfordUK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Camilla W. Rasmussen
- MR Research Center, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Lotte B. Bertelsen
- MR Research Center, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Esben S. S. Hansen
- MR Research Center, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Jakob U. Blicher
- Center for Functionally Integrative NeuroscienceAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of NeurologyAalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
| | - Damian J. Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Center, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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Shaul D, Grieb B, Lev‐Cohain N, Sosna J, Gomori JM, Katz‐Brull R. Accumulation of 3-aminopropylphosphonate in the ex vivo brain observed by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4721. [PMID: 35229366 PMCID: PMC9540894 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
3-aminopropylphosphonate (3-APP) is known for its use as an exogenous indicator of extracellular volume and pH in phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31 P NMR) studies. We used 3-APP for estimating the extracellular volume in NMR studies of several ex vivo preparations including retrograde perfused mouse heart (n = 4), mouse liver slices (n = 2), xenograft breast cancer tumors (n = 7, MCF7), and rat brain slices (n = 4). In the former three preparations, the 3-APP signal was stable in lineshape and intensity for hours and the chemical shift of the signal in the presence of the biological sample was the same as in the perfusion medium without the biological sample. However, in studies of brain slices, the 3-APP signal appeared split into two, with an upfield component (0.7 ± 0.1 ppm to the left) increasing with time and showing a wider linewidth (66.7 ± 12.6 vs. 39.1 ± 7.6 Hz, the latter is of the perfusion medium signal). This finding suggests that 3-APP inadvertently accumulated in brain slices, most likely as a membrane bound form. This observation limits the use of 3-APP as an inert biochemical indicator in brain preparations and should be taken into account when using 3-APP in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Shaul
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical CenterHebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of MedicineJerusalemIsrael
- The Wohl Institute for Translational MedicineJerusalemIsrael
| | - Benjamin Grieb
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical CenterHebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of MedicineJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie I (Weissenau), ZfP SuedwuerttembergUlm UniversityRavensburgGermany
| | - Naama Lev‐Cohain
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical CenterHebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of MedicineJerusalemIsrael
| | - Jacob Sosna
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical CenterHebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of MedicineJerusalemIsrael
| | - J. Moshe Gomori
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical CenterHebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of MedicineJerusalemIsrael
| | - Rachel Katz‐Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical CenterHebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of MedicineJerusalemIsrael
- The Wohl Institute for Translational MedicineJerusalemIsrael
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Sapir G, Steinberg DJ, Aqeilan RI, Katz-Brull R. Real-Time Non-Invasive and Direct Determination of Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity in Cerebral Organoids-A New Method to Characterize the Metabolism of Brain Organoids? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090878. [PMID: 34577579 PMCID: PMC8465402 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids are a powerful tool in the quest to understand human diseases. As the developing brain is extremely inaccessible in mammals, cerebral organoids (COs) provide a unique way to investigate neural development and related disorders. The aim of this study was to utilize hyperpolarized 13C NMR to investigate the metabolism of COs in real-time, in a non-destructive manner. The enzymatic activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was determined by quantifying the rate of [1-13C]lactate production from hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Organoid development was assessed by immunofluorescence imaging. Organoid viability was confirmed using 31P NMR spectroscopy. A total of 15 organoids collated into 3 groups with a group total weight of 20-77 mg were used in this study. Two groups were at the age of 10 weeks and one was at the age of 33 weeks. The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated in both age groups, and the LDH activity rate was found to be 1.32 ± 0.75 nmol/s (n = 3 organoid batches). These results suggest that hyperpolarized NMR can be used to characterize the metabolism of brain organoids with a total tissue wet weight of as low as 20 mg (<3 mm3) and a diameter ranging from 3 to 6 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Sapir
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
| | - Daniel J. Steinberg
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (D.J.S.); (R.I.A.)
| | - Rami I. Aqeilan
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (D.J.S.); (R.I.A.)
| | - Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
- Correspondence:
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