Psoriatic disease is associated with systemic inflammation, endothelial activation, and altered haemostatic function

The platelet-mitochondria nexus in autoimmune and musculoskeletal diseases

Platelets are crucial for thrombosis and hemostasis. Importantly, they contain mitochondria that are responsible for energy generation and therefore vital for platelet survival and activation. Activated platelets can release mitochondria that may be free or encapsulated in platelet extracellular vesicles (EVs). Extruded mitochondria are a well-known source of mitochondrial DNA, and mitochondrial antigens that can be targeted by autoantibodies forming immune complexes (IC). Interaction of IC with the platelet cell surface FcγRIIA receptor results in platelet activation and release of platelet granule components. In this review, we summarize how platelets and mitochondria may contribute to the pathogenesis of different autoimmune and musculoskeletal diseases. Targeting key drivers of mitochondrial extrusion may ultimately lead to urgently needed targeted pharmacological interventions for treating inflammation and thrombotic diathesis, and halting organ damage in some of these rheumatological conditions.

Identification of Potential Ferroptosis Biomarkers and Analysis of Immune Cell Infiltration in Psoriasis Using Machine Learning

Background

Ferroptosis is a type of cell death characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lethal lipid peroxides, which is associated with various pathophysiological processes. Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disease accompanied by abnormal immune cell infiltration and excessive production of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). Currently, its pathogenesis remains elusive, especially the potential role of ferroptosis in its pathophysiological process.

Methods

The microarrays GSE13355 (58 psoriatic skin specimens versus 122 healthy skin specimens) and the ferroptosis database were employed to identify the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with psoriasis and ferroptosis. The functions of common DEGs were investigated through functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis. The potential diagnostic markers for psoriasis among the common DEGs were identified using four machine-learning algorithms. DGIdb was utilized to explore potential therapeutic agents for psoriasis. Additionally, CIBERSORT was employed to investigate immune infiltration in psoriasis.

Results

A total of 8 common DEGs associated with psoriasis and ferroptosis were identified, which are involved in intercellular signaling and affect pathways of cell response to stress and stimulation. Four machine-learning algorithms were employed to identify poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 12 (PARP12), frizzled homolog 7 (FZD7), and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15B) among the eight common DEGs as potential diagnostic markers for psoriasis. A total of 18 drugs targeting the five common DEGs were identified as potential candidates for treating psoriasis. Additionally, significant changes were observed in the immune microenvironment of patients with psoriasis.

Conclusion

This study has contributed to our enhanced comprehension of ferroptosis-related genes as potential biomarkers for psoriasis diagnosis, as well as the alterations in the immune microenvironment associated with psoriasis. Our findings offer valuable insights into the diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis.

Endothelial IL17RD promotes Western diet-induced aortic myeloid cell infiltration

The Interleukin-17 (IL17) family is a group of cytokines implicated in the etiology of several inflammatory diseases. Interleukin-17 receptor D (IL17RD), also known as Sef (similar expression to fibroblast growth factor) belonging to the family of IL17 receptors, has been shown to modulate IL17A-associated inflammatory phenotypes. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that IL17RD promotes endothelial cell activation and consequent leukocyte adhesion. We utilized primary human aortic endothelial cells and demonstrated that RNAi targeting of IL17RD suppressed transcript levels by 83 % compared to non-targeted controls. Further, RNAi knockdown of IL17RD decreased the adhesion of THP-1 monocytic cells onto a monolayer of aortic endothelial cells in response to IL17A. Additionally, we determined that IL17A did not significantly enhance the activation of canonical MAPK and NFκB pathways in endothelial cells, and further did not significantly affect the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in aortic endothelial cells, which is contrary to previous findings. We also determined the functional relevance of our findings in vivo by comparing the expression of endothelial VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and leukocyte infiltration in the aorta in Western diet-fed Il17rd null versus wild-type mice. Our results showed that although Il17rd null mice do not have significant alteration in aortic expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in endothelial cells, they exhibit decreased accumulation of proinflammatory monocytes and neutrophils, suggesting that endothelial IL17RD induced in vivo myeloid cell accumulation is not dependent on upregulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression. We further performed proteomics analysis to identify potential molecular mediators of the IL17A/IL17RD signaling axis. Collectively, our results underscore a critical role for Il17rd in the regulation of aortic myeloid cell infiltration in the context of Western diet feeding.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Shi-Bi-Man ameliorates psoriasis via inhibiting IL-23/Th17 axis and CXCL16-mediated endothelial activation

BACKGROUND

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory genetic disease, mainly manifesting in the skin. Conventional therapies, such as glucocorticosteroids and corticosteroids, have adverse effects that limit drug use. Hence, it is imperative to identify a new therapeutic strategy that exhibits a favorable safety profile. Shi-Bi-Man (SBM) is a safe herbal supplement sourced from various natural plants, including ginseng, angelica sinensis, polygonum multiflorum, and aloe vera.

PURPOSE

We aimed to find a potential treatment for psoriasis and investigate the underlying mechanism through which SBM alleviates psoriatic-like skin inflammation in mice.

METHODS

We investigated the effects of supplementing with SBM through intragastric administration or smear administration in a murine model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis. The changes in body weight and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score were recorded throughout the entire process. Additionally, we used hematoxylin-eosin staining to observe the skin structure and performed single-cell RNA sequencing to explore the underlying mechanism of SBM in influencing the psoriasis-like phenotype. Immunofluorescence was conducted to verify our findings. Furthermore, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was employed to investigate the impact of Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside (TSG) on the expression levels of IL23 in HaCaT cells.

RESULTS

SBM remarkably alleviated the psoriasis-like phenotype by inhibiting IL-23/Th17 cell axis. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed a decrease in the expression of Il17 and Il23 in keratinocytes and T cells, concomitant with a reduction in the proportion of Th17 cells. Meanwhile, the activation of endothelial cells was inhibited, accompanied by a decrease in the expression of Cxcl16. In vitro, the addition of TSG to HaCaT cells resulted in significant suppression of IL23 expression stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).

Platelet activation: a promoter for psoriasis and its comorbidity, cardiovascular disease

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a prevalence of 0.14% to 1.99%. The underlying pathology is mainly driven by the abnormal immune responses including activation of Th1, Th17, Th22 cells and secretion of cytokines. Patients with psoriasis are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) which has been well recognized as a comorbidity of psoriasis. As mediators of hemostasis and thromboinflammation, platelets play an important part in CVD. However, less is known about their pathophysiological contribution to psoriasis and psoriasis-associated CVD. A comprehensive understanding of the role of platelet activation in psoriasis might pave the path for more accurate prediction of cardiovascular (CV) risk and provide new strategies for psoriasis management, which alleviates the increased CV burden associated with psoriasis. Here we review the available evidence about the biomarkers and mechanisms of platelet activation in psoriasis and the role of platelet activation in intriguing the common comorbidity, CVD. We further discussed the implications and efficacy of antiplatelet therapies in the treatment of psoriasis and prevention of psoriasis-associated CVD.

Evaluation of the relationship between migraine and psoriasis: a case-control study

BACKGROUND

Although several recent studies have attempted to describe the association between psoriasis and migraine, there is little data in this regard.

OBJECTIVE

To explore the relationship between migraine and psoriasis.

METHODS

A total of 312 patients with psoriasis and 312 age- and gender-matched controls without psoriasis were recruited in this case-control study. Based on the diagnosis of migraine, they were divided into 4 subgroups: psoriasis with (PM+) and without (PM-) migraine, and control with (CM+) and without migraine (CM-). The subgroups were compared regarding the migraine and psoriasis characteristics.

RESULTS

The mean (SD) age of patients and controls (139 males, in each group) was 43.2 (13.2) years. Psoriasis patients were significantly more likely to have migraine (OR = 2.789). Migraine with aura was significantly higher in the PM + group than in the CM + group (p = 0.007). The mean PASI score (p = 0.001), frequency of moderate and severe psoriasis (p = 0.048), and frequency of patients with PsA (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in PM + compared to PM-. The risk of migraine substantially increased with increasing psoriasis severity (OR = 2.062, OR = 3.248, and OR = 4.586 for mild, moderate, and severe, respectively), and with the presence of PsA (OR = 2.438 and OR = 12.930 for patients without and with PsA, respectively).

STUDY LIMITATIONS

Observational nature, not including all confounding factors, not addressing a cause-and-effect relationship.

CONCLUSIONS

In comparison with the non-psoriatic control group, psoriasis patients are predisposed to a significantly higher risk of migraine, particularly migraine with aura, psoriasis patients with more severe disease and those with PsA have a markedly higher risk of having migraine, and the migraine headache index is significantly higher in psoriasis patients.

Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex-Based Nanoparticles Integrated in Dissolvable Microneedles for Ameliorating Psoriasis-Like Inflammation

Psoriasis is a common and highly relapsing skin disease, for which topical treatments are used by approximately 88% of people with psoriasis as their primary therapy. However, in practice, the low convenience and side effects such as skin irritation of current topical treatments limit the application of the therapy. To address these issues, we calcined Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (PCC) to prepare Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex Nanoparticles (PCC-NPs) which were packed into dissolvable microneedles (MNs) for the treatment of psoriasis. In this study, we revealed that the trace amounts of PCCNPs delivered by MNs could exert therapeutic effects therapeutic effects in the affected skin comparable to those of standard drugs, accompanied with the suppressed psoriasis-like inflammation without significant hepatic or renal toxicity or allergic reactions. These results indicate that dissolvable PCC-NPs MNs may serve as an innovative topical therapy for the inhibition of psoriatic inflammation.

The Growth Factor Release from a Platelet-Rich Plasma Preparation Is Influenced by the Onset of Guttate Psoriasis: A Case Report

The involvement of platelets in immune and inflammatory processes is generally recognized; nevertheless, in psoriasis, their role is not clearly understood. We studied the in vitro growth factor release from a platelet-rich plasma preparation, the concentrated growth factors (CGF), in a case of a psoriasis subject three days before the onset of the papule. The CGF clots were incubated in a cell culture medium without growth supplements for 5 h and 1, 3, 6, 7, and 8 days, and the release kinetics of PDGF-AB, VEGF, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 were evaluated. The data, based on the results obtained during the case study, report a general increase in growth factor release in the psoriasis subject with respect to the healthy control, indicating an imbalance of growth factor production from blood cells. Although the results should be validated in the future, they show new aspects of this dermatological pathology, opening new possibilities both as the method of study, using CGF, and the involvement of platelets and growth factors in its development and maintenance.

Epidemiology of Psoriasis and Comorbid Diseases: A Narrative Review

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that remains active for a long period, even for life in most patients. The impact of psoriasis on health is not only limited to the skin, but also influences multiple systems of the body, even mental health. With the increasing of literature on the association between psoriasis and extracutaneous systems, a better understanding of psoriasis as an autoimmune disease with systemic inflammation is created. Except for cardiometabolic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, chronic kidney diseases, malignancy, and infections that have received much attention, the association between psoriasis and more systemic diseases, including the skin system, reproductive system, and oral and ocular systems has also been revealed, and mental health diseases draw more attention not just because of the negative mental and mood influence caused by skin lesions, but a common immune-inflammatory mechanism identified of the two systemic diseases. This review summarizes the epidemiological evidence supporting the association between psoriasis and important and/or newly reported systemic diseases in the past 5 years, and may help to comprehensively recognize the comorbidity burden related to psoriasis, further to improve the management of people with psoriasis.

Imaging of the Nail Unit in Psoriatic Patients - a Systematic Scoping Review of Techniques and Terminology

Background

The growing interest in the visualization of psoriatic nail unit changes has led to the discovery of an abundance of image characteristics across various modalities.

Objective

To identify techniques for non‐invasive imaging of nail unit structures in psoriatic patients and review extracted image features to unify the diverse terminology.

Methods

For this systematic scoping review, we included studies available on PubMed and Embase, independently extracted image characteristics, and semantically grouped the identified features to suggest a preferred terminology for each technique.

Results

After screening 753 studies, 67 articles on the visualization of clinical and subclinical psoriatic changes in the nail plate, matrix, bed, folds and hyponychium were included. We identified 4 optical and 3 radiological imaging techniques for the assessment of surface (dermoscopy [n = 16], capillaroscopy [n = 12]), sub‐surface (ultrasound imaging [n = 36], optical coherence tomography [n = 4], fluorescence optical imaging [n = 3]), and deep‐seated psoriatic changes (magnetic resonance imaging [n = 2], positron emission tomography‐computed tomography [n = 1]). By condensing 244 image feature descriptions into a glossary of 82 terms, overall redundancy was cut by 66.4% (37.5%–77.1%). More than 75% of these image features provide additional disease‐relevant information that is not captured using conventional clinical assessment scales.

Conclusions

This review has identified, unified, and contextualized image features and related terminology for non‐invasive imaging of the nail unit in patients with psoriatic conditions. The suggested glossary could facilitate the integrative use of non‐invasive imaging techniques for the detailed examination of psoriatic nail unit structures in research and clinical practice.