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Tsikis ST, Hirsch TI, Klouda T, Fligor SC, Pan A, Joiner MM, Wang SZ, Quigley M, Devietro A, Mitchell PD, Kishikawa H, Yuan K, Puder M. Direct thrombin inhibitors fail to reverse the negative effects of heparin on lung growth and function after murine left pneumonectomy. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L213-L225. [PMID: 38113296 PMCID: PMC11280676 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00096.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) frequently require cardiopulmonary bypass and systemic anticoagulation. We previously demonstrated that even subtherapeutic heparin impairs lung growth and function in a murine model of compensatory lung growth (CLG). The direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) bivalirudin and argatroban preserved growth in this model. Although DTIs are increasingly used for systemic anticoagulation clinically, patients with CDH may still receive heparin. In this experiment, lung endothelial cell proliferation was assessed following treatment with heparin-alone or mixed with increasing concentrations of bivalirudin or argatroban. The effects of subtherapeutic heparin with or without DTIs in the CLG model were also investigated. C57BL/6J mice underwent left pneumonectomy and subcutaneous implantation of osmotic pumps. Pumps were preloaded with normal saline, bivalirudin, or argatroban; treated animals received daily intraperitoneal low-dose heparin. In vitro, heparin-alone decreased endothelial cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. The effect of heparin on proliferation, but not apoptosis, was reversed by the addition of bivalirudin and argatroban. In vivo, low-dose heparin decreased lung volume compared with saline-treated controls. All three groups that received heparin demonstrated decreased lung function on pulmonary function testing and impaired exercise performance on treadmill tolerance testing. These findings correlated with decreases in alveolarization, vascularization, angiogenic signaling, and gene expression in the heparin-exposed groups. Together, these data suggest that bivalirudin and argatroban fail to reverse the inhibitory effects of subtherapeutic heparin on lung growth and function. Clinical studies on the impact of low-dose heparin with DTIs on CDH outcomes are warranted.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Infants with pulmonary hypoplasia frequently require cardiopulmonary bypass and systemic anticoagulation. We investigate the effects of simultaneous exposure to heparin and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) on lung growth and pulmonary function in a murine model of compensatory lung growth (CGL). Our data suggest that DTIs fail to reverse the inhibitory effects of subtherapeutic heparin on lung growth and function. Clinical studies on the impact of heparin with DTIs on clinical outcomes are thus warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savas T Tsikis
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Thomas I Hirsch
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Timothy Klouda
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Scott C Fligor
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Amy Pan
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Malachi M Joiner
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sarah Z Wang
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mikayla Quigley
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Angela Devietro
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Paul D Mitchell
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hiroko Kishikawa
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ke Yuan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mark Puder
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Tsikis ST, Klouda T, Hirsch TI, Fligor SC, Liu T, Kim Y, Pan A, Quigley M, Mitchell PD, Puder M, Yuan K. A pneumonectomy model to study flow-induced pulmonary hypertension and compensatory lung growth. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100613. [PMID: 37827157 PMCID: PMC10626210 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In newborns, developmental disorders such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and specific types of congenital heart disease (CHD) can lead to defective alveolarization, pulmonary hypoplasia, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Therapeutic options for these patients are limited, emphasizing the need for new animal models representative of disease conditions. In most adult mammals, compensatory lung growth (CLG) occurs after pneumonectomy; however, the underlying relationship between CLG and flow-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) is not fully understood. We propose a murine model that involves the simultaneous removal of the left lung and right caval lobe (extended pneumonectomy), which results in reduced CLG and exacerbated reproducible PH. Extended pneumonectomy in mice is a promising animal model to study the cellular response and molecular mechanisms contributing to flow-induced PH, with the potential to identify new treatments for patients with CDH or PAH-CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savas T Tsikis
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Fegan 3, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy Klouda
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas I Hirsch
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Fegan 3, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Scott C Fligor
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Fegan 3, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tiffany Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yunhye Kim
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy Pan
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Fegan 3, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mikayla Quigley
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Fegan 3, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul D Mitchell
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark Puder
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Fegan 3, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ke Yuan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Zhong Y, Zha R, Li W, Lu C, Zong Y, Sun D, Li C, Wang Y. Signal-On Near-Infrared Photoelectrochemical Aptasensors for Sensing VEGF165 Based on Ionic Liquid-Functionalized Nd-MOF Nanorods and In-Site Formation of Gold Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17835-17842. [PMID: 36508733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The low photon energy and deep penetrating ability of near-infrared (NIR) light make it an ideal light source for a photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensing system. Absorption wavelengths of the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be regulated by adjusting the metal ions and the conjugation degree of the ligands. Herein, an ionic liquid with a large conjugated structure was synthesized and was used as a ligand to coordinate with Nd ions to prepare Nd-MOF nanorods with a band gap of 1.26 eV. The Nd-MOF rods show a good photoabsorption property from 200 to 980 nm. A PEC platform was constructed by using Nd-MOF nanorods as the photoelectroactive element. A detachable double-stranded DNA labeled with alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which is specific to VEGF165, was immobilized onto the PEC sensing interface. After blocking unspecific active sites with bovine albumin, an NIR PEC aptasensing system was developed for VEGF165 detection. After being incubated in a mixture of VEGF165, l-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (magnesium salt hydrate) (AAP), and chloroauric acid, the aptamers for VEGF165 were detached from the PEC aptasensing interface, thus resulting in the decrease of the charge-transfer resistance and the increase of the photocurrent response. The shedding of the aptamers also makes the ALP approach the electrode surface, thus catalyzing the reduction of AAP to produce ascorbic acid (AA). Subsequently, AA reduces in situ chloroauric acid to produce AuNPs on the Nd-MOF-based sensing interface. With the excellent conductivity and localized surface plasmon resonance effect, the AuNPs can accelerate the separation of electron-hole pairs generated from Nd-MOF nanorods, thus promoting the photoelectric conversion efficiency and achieving signal amplification. Under optimized conditions, the PEC responses were linearly related to the VEGF165 concentrations in the range of 0.01-100 ng mL-1 and exhibit a low detection limit of 3.51 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3). VEGF165 in human serum samples was detected by the NIR PEC aptasensor. Their concentrations were found to be well consistent with that obtained from ELISA. Furthermore, the PEC aptasensor demonstrated recoveries from 96.07 to 103.8%. The relative standard deviations were within 5%, indicating good accuracy and precision. The results further verify its practicability for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ruyan Zha
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chunfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuange Zong
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dong Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chunya Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yanying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.,Experimental Teaching and Laboratory Management Center, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
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Direct thrombin inhibitors as alternatives to heparin to preserve lung growth and function in a murine model of compensatory lung growth. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21117. [PMID: 36477689 PMCID: PMC9729628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) may require cardiopulmonary bypass and systemic anticoagulation. Expeditious lung growth while on bypass is essential for survival. Previously, we demonstrated that heparin impairs lung growth and function in a murine model of compensatory lung growth (CLG). We investigated the effects of the direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) bivalirudin and argatroban. In vitro assays of lung endothelial cell proliferation and apoptosis were performed. C57BL/6 J mice underwent left pneumonectomy and subcutaneous implantation of osmotic pumps. Pumps were pre-loaded with normal saline (control), bivalirudin, argatroban, or heparin and outcomes were assessed on postoperative day 8. Heparin administration inhibited endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and significantly decreased lung volume in vivo, while bivalirudin and argatroban preserved lung growth. These findings correlated with changes in alveolarization on morphometric analysis. Treadmill exercise tolerance testing demonstrated impaired exercise performance in heparinized mice; bivalirudin/argatroban did not affect exercise tolerance. On lung protein analysis, heparin decreased angiogenic signaling which was not impacted by bivalirudin or argatroban. Together, this data supports the use of DTIs as alternatives to heparin for systemic anticoagulation in CDH patients on bypass. Based on this work, clinical studies on the impact of heparin and DTIs on CDH outcomes are warranted.
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Tsikis ST, Fligor SC, Hirsch TI, Pan A, Yu LJ, Kishikawa H, Joiner MM, Mitchell PD, Puder M. Lipopolysaccharide-induced murine lung injury results in long-term pulmonary changes and downregulation of angiogenic pathways. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10245. [PMID: 35715592 PMCID: PMC9205148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is the most severe form of acute lung injury (ALI) and is associated with significant mortality. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury is a valuable murine model of ALI but there is a paucity of data on lung regeneration and the role of angiogenic signaling involving vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomized to receive intratracheal instillation of either LPS or isovolumetric phosphate buffered saline as a vehicle control. Mice were observed at a single follow-up time-point that was either short-term (24 h or 4 days) or long-term (7 days or 4 weeks). On pulmonary function testing, LPS-treated mice had increased compliance at 4 weeks post-instillation, which correlated with decreased vascularization and with time-dependent, progressive decrease in alveolarization. Treadmill exercise tolerance testing demonstrated impaired performance at 24 h, 4 days and 4 weeks following LPS exposure. On lung protein analysis, LPS instillation decreased VEGF expression at up to 4 weeks, and decreased activation of its key receptor, VEGFR2 at 7 days and 4 weeks post-instillation. Together, these data provide insight on long-term pulmonary functional outcomes 4 weeks after ALI and identify angiogenic proteins as possible therapeutic targets following lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Tsikis
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - S C Fligor
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - T I Hirsch
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - A Pan
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - L J Yu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - H Kishikawa
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - M M Joiner
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - P D Mitchell
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - M Puder
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Rippa AL, Alpeeva EV, Vasiliev AV, Vorotelyak EA. Alveologenesis: What Governs Secondary Septa Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212107. [PMID: 34829987 PMCID: PMC8618598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The simplification of alveoli leads to various lung pathologies such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and emphysema. Deep insight into the process of emergence of the secondary septa during development and regeneration after pneumonectomy, and into the contribution of the drivers of alveologenesis and neo-alveolarization is required in an efficient search for therapeutic approaches. In this review, we describe the formation of the gas exchange units of the lung as a multifactorial process, which includes changes in the actomyosin cytoskeleton of alveocytes and myofibroblasts, elastogenesis, retinoic acid signaling, and the contribution of alveolar mesenchymal cells in secondary septation. Knowledge of the mechanistic context of alveologenesis remains incomplete. The characterization of the mechanisms that govern the emergence and depletion of αSMA will allow for an understanding of how the niche of fibroblasts is changing. Taking into account the intense studies that have been performed on the pool of lung mesenchymal cells, we present data on the typing of interstitial fibroblasts and their role in the formation and maintenance of alveoli. On the whole, when identifying cell subpopulations in lung mesenchyme, one has to consider the developmental context, the changing cellular functions, and the lability of gene signatures.
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