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Elsayed MM, Elkenany RM, El-Khateeb AY, Nabil NM, Tawakol MM, Hassan HM. Isolation and encapsulation of bacteriophage with chitosan nanoparticles for biocontrol of multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from broiler poultry farms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4702. [PMID: 38409454 PMCID: PMC10897325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was divided into two parts. The first part, the determination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence in 25 broiler chicken farms, with the detection of multidrug resistant MRSA strains. The prevalence of MRSA was 31.8% (159 out of 500 samples) at the level of birds and it was 27% (27 out of 100) in the environmental samples. The highest antimicrobial resistance of the recovered MRSA strains was recorded to streptomycin (96%). All isolates (100%) had multidrug resistance (MDR) to four or more antibiotics with 16 distinct antibiotic resistant patterns, and multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) of 0.4-1. The second part, implementing novel biocontrol method for the isolated multidrug resistant MRSA strains through the isolation of its specific phage and detection of its survival rate at different pH and temperature degrees and lytic activity with and without encapsulation by chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs). Encapsulated and non-encapsulated MRSA phages were characterized using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Encapsulation of MRSA phage with CS-NPs increasing its lytic activity and its resistance to adverse conditions from pH and temperature. The findings of this study suggested that CS-NPs act as a protective barrier for MRSA phage for the control of multidrug resistant MRSA in broiler chicken farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Elsayed
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Rasha M Elkenany
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ayman Y El-Khateeb
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Nehal M Nabil
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, 12618, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maram M Tawakol
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, 12618, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba M Hassan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, 12618, Giza, Egypt
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2
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Dehari D, Kumar DN, Chaudhuri A, Kumar A, Kumar R, Kumar D, Singh S, Nath G, Agrawal AK. Bacteriophage entrapped chitosan microgel for the treatment of biofilm-mediated polybacterial infection in burn wounds. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127247. [PMID: 37802451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteria are most commonly present in burn wound infections. Multidrug resistance (MDR) and biofilm formation make it difficult to treat these infections. Bacteriophages (BPs) are proven as an effective therapy against MDR as well as biofilm-associated wound infections. In the present work, a naturally inspired bacteriophage cocktail loaded chitosan microparticles-laden topical gel has been developed for the effective treatment of these infections. Bacteriophages against MDR S. aureus (BPSAФ1) and P. aeruginosa (BPPAФ1) were isolated and loaded separately and in combination into the chitosan microparticles (BPSAФ1-CHMPs, BPPAФ1-CHMPs, and MBP-CHMPs), which were later incorporated into the SEPINEO™ P 600 gel (BPSAФ1-CHMPs-gel, BPPAФ1-CHMPs-gel, and MBP-CHMPs-gel). BPs were characterized for their morphology, lytic activity, burst size, and hemocompatibility, and BPs belongs to Caudoviricetes class. Furthermore, BPSAФ1-CHMPs, BPPAФ1-CHMPs, and MBP-CHMPs had an average particle size of 1.19 ± 0.11, 1.42 ± 0.21, and 2.84 ± 0.28 μm, respectively, and expressed promising in vitro antibiofilm eradication potency. The ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging in infected burn wounds demonstrated improved wound healing reduced inflammation and increased oxygen saturation following treatment with BPs formulations. The obtained results suggested that the incorporation of the BPs in the MP-gel protected the BPs, sustained the BPs release, and improved the antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Dehari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Dulla Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Aiswarya Chaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medial Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medial Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Gopal Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medial Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Ashish Kumar Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India.
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Śliwka P, Skaradziński G, Dusza I, Grzywacz A, Skaradzińska A. Freeze-Drying of Encapsulated Bacteriophage T4 to Obtain Shelf-Stable Dry Preparations for Oral Application. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2792. [PMID: 38140132 PMCID: PMC10747124 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic application of bacterial viruses (phage therapy) has in recent years been rediscovered by many scientists, as a method which may potentially replace conventional antibacterial strategies. However, one of the main problems related to phage application is the stability of bacterial viruses. Though many techniques have been used to sustain phage activity, novel tools are needed to allow long-term phage storage and application in versatile forms. In this study, we combined two well-known methods for bacteriophage immobilization. First, encapsulated phages were obtained by means of extrusion-ionic gelation, and then alginate microspheres were dried using the lyophilization process (freeze-drying). To overcome the risk of phage instability upon dehydration, the microspheres were prepared with the addition of 0.3 M mannitol. Bacteriophage-loaded microspheres were stored at room temperature for 30 days and subsequently exposed to simulated gastric fluid (SGF). The survival of encapsulated phages after drying was significantly higher in the presence of mannitol. The highest number of viable bacteriophages exceeding 4.8 log10 pfu/mL in SGF were recovered from encapsulated and freeze-dried microspheres, while phages in lyophilized lysate were completely inactivated. Although the method requires optimization, it may be a promising approach for the immobilization of bacteriophages in terms of practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aneta Skaradzińska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland (G.S.)
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4
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Emencheta SC, Olovo CV, Eze OC, Kalu CF, Berebon DP, Onuigbo EB, Vila MMDC, Balcão VM, Attama AA. The Role of Bacteriophages in the Gut Microbiota: Implications for Human Health. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2416. [PMID: 37896176 PMCID: PMC10609668 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are nano-sized viruses characterized by their inherent ability to live off bacteria. They utilize diverse mechanisms to absorb and gain entry into the bacterial cell wall via the release of viral genetic material, which uses the replication mechanisms of the host bacteria to produce and release daughter progeny virions that attack the surrounding host cells. They possess specific characteristics, including specificity for particular or closely related bacterial species. They have many applications, including as potential alternatives to antibiotics against multi-resistant bacterial pathogens and as control agents in bacteria-contaminated environments. They are ubiquitously abundant in nature and have diverse biota, including in the gut. Gut microbiota describes the community and interactions of microorganisms within the intestine. As with bacteria, parasitic bacteriophages constantly interact with the host bacterial cells within the gut system and have obvious implications for human health. However, it is imperative to understand these interactions as they open up possible applicable techniques to control gut-implicated bacterial diseases. Thus, this review aims to explore the interactions of bacteriophages with bacterial communities in the gut and their current and potential impacts on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Emencheta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (S.C.E.); (O.C.E.); (C.F.K.); (E.B.O.)
- VBlab—Laboratory of Bacterial Viruses, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil; (M.M.D.C.V.); (V.M.B.)
| | - Chinasa V. Olovo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria;
| | - Osita C. Eze
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (S.C.E.); (O.C.E.); (C.F.K.); (E.B.O.)
| | - Chisom F. Kalu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (S.C.E.); (O.C.E.); (C.F.K.); (E.B.O.)
| | - Dinebari P. Berebon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (S.C.E.); (O.C.E.); (C.F.K.); (E.B.O.)
| | - Ebele B. Onuigbo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (S.C.E.); (O.C.E.); (C.F.K.); (E.B.O.)
| | - Marta M. D. C. Vila
- VBlab—Laboratory of Bacterial Viruses, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil; (M.M.D.C.V.); (V.M.B.)
| | - Victor M. Balcão
- VBlab—Laboratory of Bacterial Viruses, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil; (M.M.D.C.V.); (V.M.B.)
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anthony A. Attama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
- Institute for Drug-Herbal Medicine-Excipient Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
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5
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Korel A, Samokhin A, Zemlyakova E, Pestov A, Blinova E, Zelikman M, Tkachenko V, Bets V, Kretien S, Arzhanova E, Litvinova E. A Carboxyethylchitosan Gel Cross-Linked with Glutaraldehyde as a Candidate Carrier for Biomedical Applications. Gels 2023; 9:756. [PMID: 37754437 PMCID: PMC10531016 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, few publications describe CEC's properties and possible applications-thus, further evaluation of these properties is a point of interest. The present in vitro model study aimed to evaluate a carboxyethylchitosan (CEC) gel with a degree of substitution of 1, cross-linked with glutaraldehyde at a polymer:aldehyde molar ratio of 10:1, as a potential carrier for delivering bacteriophages to various pH-fixed media (acidic, alkaline), and including gastrointestinal tract (GIT) variable medium. A quantitative analysis of bacteriophages released from the gel was performed using photon correlation spectrophotometry, and phage activity after emission into medium was evaluated using the spot test. The results showed that the CEC gel's maximum swelling ratios were at a nearly neutral alkaline pH. Increasing temperature enhances the swelling ratio of the gel independent from pH, up to 1127% at 37 °C and alkaline pH. The UV and photon correlation spectrophotometry showed equal gel release kinetics in both fixed media with acidic (pH = 2.2) and alkaline (pH = 7.4) pH environments at 37 °C, with the maximum release within two hours. However, phage lytic activity in the spot test during this simulation was absent. At the same time, we obtained an opaque phage lytic activity in the alkaline pH-fixed medium for at least three hours. Phages released from the tested CEC gel in different pHs suggest that this gel could be used for applications that require fast release at the treatment site both in acidic and alkaline pH. Such treatment sites could be a wound or even soil with mild acidic or alkaline pH. However, such CEC gel is not suitable as a delivery system to the GIT because of possible transported acid-sensitive agent (such as phages) release and destruction already in the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Korel
- Faculty of Physical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.B.); (S.K.); (E.A.); (E.L.)
| | - Alexander Samokhin
- Faculty of Physical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.B.); (S.K.); (E.A.); (E.L.)
| | - Ekaterina Zemlyakova
- Institute of Organic Synthesis n.a. I. Ya. Postovsky UB RAS, 620137 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.)
| | - Alexander Pestov
- Institute of Organic Synthesis n.a. I. Ya. Postovsky UB RAS, 620137 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.)
| | - Elena Blinova
- Faculty of Physical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.B.); (S.K.); (E.A.); (E.L.)
| | - Maxim Zelikman
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Vadim Tkachenko
- Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Viktoria Bets
- Faculty of Physical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.B.); (S.K.); (E.A.); (E.L.)
| | - Svetlana Kretien
- Faculty of Physical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.B.); (S.K.); (E.A.); (E.L.)
- Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Arzhanova
- Faculty of Physical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.B.); (S.K.); (E.A.); (E.L.)
| | - Ekaterina Litvinova
- Faculty of Physical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.B.); (S.K.); (E.A.); (E.L.)
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Dehari D, Chaudhuri A, Kumar DN, Anjum M, Kumar R, Kumar A, Kumar D, Nath G, Agrawal AK. A Bacteriophage-Loaded Microparticle Laden Topical Gel for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Biofilm-Mediated Burn Wound Infection. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:165. [PMID: 37552374 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02620-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is regarded as one of the most profound bacteria isolated from the debilitating injuries caused by burn wounds. In addition, the multidrug resistance (MDR) and biofilm formation make treating burn patients with clinically available antibiotics difficult. Bacteriophage therapy has been proven an effective alternative against biofilm-mediated wound infections caused by MDR bacterial strains. In the current study, the bacteriophage (BPKPФ1) against MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated and loaded into the chitosan microparticles (CHMPs), which was later incorporated into the Sepineo P 600 to convert into a gel (BPKPФ1-CHMP-gel). BPKPФ1 was characterized for lytic profile, morphological class, and burst size, which revealed that the BPKPФ1 belongs to the family Siphoviridae. Moreover, BPKPФ1 exhibited a narrow host range with 128 PFU/host cell of burst size. The BPKPФ1-loaded CHMPs showed an average particle size of 1.96 ± 0.51 μm, zeta potential 32.16 ± 0.41 mV, and entrapment efficiency in the range of 82.44 ± 1.31%. Further, the in vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm effectiveness of BPKPФ1-CHMPs-gel were examined. The in vivo potential of the BPKPФ1-CHMPs-gel was assessed using a rat model with MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae infected burn wound, which exhibited improved wound contraction (89.22 ± 0.48%) in 28 days with reduced inflammation, in comparison with different controls. Data in hand suggest the potential of bacteriophage therapy to be developed as personalized therapy in case of difficult-to-treat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Dehari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India
| | - Aiswarya Chaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India
| | - Dulla Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India
| | - Meraj Anjum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India
| | - Gopal Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India.
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Dehari D, Chaudhuri A, Kumar DN, Patil R, Gangwar M, Rastogi S, Kumar D, Nath G, Agrawal AK. A Bacteriophage Microgel Effectively Treats the Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Bacterial Infections in Burn Wounds. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:942. [PMID: 37513854 PMCID: PMC10385199 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is one of the major pathogens present in burn wound infections. Biofilm formation makes it further challenging to treat with clinically available antibiotics. In the current work, we isolated the A. baumannii-specific bacteriophages (BPABΦ1), loaded into the chitosan microparticles followed by dispersion in gel, and evaluated therapeutic efficacy against MDR A. baumannii clinical strains. Isolated BPABΦ1 were found to belong to the Corticoviridae family, with burst size 102.12 ± 2.65 PFUs per infected host cell. The BPABΦ1 loaded chitosan microparticles were evaluated for quality attributes viz. size, PDI, surface morphology, in vitro release, etc. The developed formulation exhibited excellent antibiofilm eradication potential in vitro and effective wound healing after topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Dehari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Aiswarya Chaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Dulla Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rohit Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Mayank Gangwar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sonam Rastogi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gopal Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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Ebrahimnejad P, Rezaeiroshan A, Babaei A, Khanali A, Aghajanshakeri S, Farmoudeh A, Nokhodchi A. Hyaluronic Acid-Coated Chitosan/Gelatin Nanoparticles as a New Strategy for Topical Delivery of Metformin in Melanoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:3304105. [PMID: 37313551 PMCID: PMC10260318 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3304105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is a multipotential compound for treating diabetes II and controlling hormonal acne and skin cancer. This study was designed to enhance metformin skin penetration in melanoma using nanoparticles containing biocompatible polymers. Formulations with various concentrations of chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and sodium tripolyphosphate were fabricated using an ionic gelation technique tailored by the Box-Behnken design. The optimal formulation was selected based on the smallest particle size and the highest entrapment efficiency (EE%) and used in ex vivo skin penetration study. In vitro antiproliferation activity and apoptotic effects of formulations were evaluated using MTT and flow cytometric assays, respectively. The optimized formulation had an average size, zeta potential, EE%, and polydispersity index of 329 ± 6.30 nm, 21.94 ± 0.05 mV, 64.71 ± 6.12%, and 0.272 ± 0.010, respectively. The release profile of the optimized formulation displayed a biphasic trend, characterized by an early burst release, continued by a slow and sustained release compared to free metformin. The ex vivo skin absorption exhibited 1142.5 ± 156.3 μg/cm2 of metformin deposited in the skin layers for the optimized formulation compared to 603.2 ± 93.1 μg/cm2 for the free metformin. Differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the deformation of the drug from the crystal structure to an amorphous state. The attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared results approved no chemical interaction between the drug and other ingredients of the formulations. According to the MTT assay, metformin in nanoformulation exhibited a higher cytotoxic effect against melanoma cancer cells than free metformin (IC50: 3.94 ± 0.57 mM vs. 7.63 ± 0.26 mM, respectively, P < 0.001). The results proved that the optimized formulation of metformin could efficiently decrease cell proliferation by promoting apoptosis, thus providing a promising strategy for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Ebrahimnejad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Babaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Azin Khanali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Aghajanshakeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Farmoudeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Lupin Research Center, Coral Springs, FL, USA
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9
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Samaee HR, Eslami G, Rahimzadeh G, Saeedi M, Davoudi Badabi A, Asare-Addo K, Nokhodchi A, Roozbeh F, Moosazadeh M, Ghasemian R, Alikhani A, Rezai MS. Inhalation phage therapy as a new approach to preventing secondary bacterial pneumonia in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: A double-blind clinical trial study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023; 84:104486. [PMID: 37123173 PMCID: PMC10116154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation phage therapy is proposed as a replacement approach for antibiotics in the treatment of pulmonary bacterial infections. This study investigates phage therapy on bacterial pneumonia in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 via the inhalation route. In this double-blind clinical trial, 60 patients with positive COVID-19 hospitalized in three central Mazandaran hospitals were chosen and randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. Standard country protocol drugs plus 10 mL of phage suspension every 12 h with a mesh nebulizer was prescribed for 7 days in the intervention group. The two groups were compared in terms of O2Sat, survival rate, severe secondary pulmonary bacterial infection and duration of hospitalization. Comparing the results between the intervention and control group, in terms of the trend of O2Sat change, negative sputum culture, no fever, no dyspnea, duration of hospitalization, duration of intubation and under ventilation, showed that the difference between these two groups was statistically different (P value < 0.05). In conclusion, inhalation phage therapy may have a potential effect on secondary infection and in the outcome of COVID-19 patients. However, more clinical trials with control confounding factors are needed to further support this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Samaee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Gohar Eslami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Golnar Rahimzadeh
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Majid Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Alireza Davoudi Badabi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center and Communicable Diseases Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ghaem Shahr Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Kofi Asare-Addo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Lab, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Fatemeh Roozbeh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Boo Ali Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Roya Ghasemian
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Alikhani
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center and Communicable Diseases Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ghaem Shahr Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Rezai
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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10
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Řepka D, Kurillová A, Murtaja Y, Lapčík L. Application of Physical-Chemical Approaches for Encapsulation of Active Substances in Pharmaceutical and Food Industries. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112189. [PMID: 37297434 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Encapsulation is a valuable method used to protect active substances and enhance their physico-chemical properties. It can also be used as protection from unpleasant scents and flavors or adverse environmental conditions. METHODS In this comprehensive review, we highlight the methods commonly utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries, along with recent applications of these methods. RESULTS Through an analysis of numerous articles published in the last decade, we summarize the key methods and physico-chemical properties that are frequently considered with encapsulation techniques. CONCLUSION Encapsulation has demonstrated effectiveness and versatility in multiple industries, such as food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceuticals. Moreover, the selection of appropriate encapsulation methods is critical for the effective encapsulation of specific active compounds. Therefore, constant efforts are being made to develop novel encapsulation methods and coating materials for better encapsulation efficiency and to improve properties for specific use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Řepka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Antónia Kurillová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Yousef Murtaja
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Lapčík
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Foodstuff Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nam. T.G. Masaryka 275, 762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
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11
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Costa MJ, Pastrana LM, Teixeira JA, Sillankorva SM, Cerqueira MA. Bacteriophage Delivery Systems for Food Applications: Opportunities and Perspectives. Viruses 2023; 15:1271. [PMID: 37376571 DOI: 10.3390/v15061271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, one-third of all food produced worldwide is wasted or lost, and bacterial contamination is one of the main reasons. Moreover, foodborne diseases are a severe problem, causing more than 420,000 deaths and nearly 600 million illnesses yearly, demanding more attention to food safety. Thus, new solutions need to be explored to tackle these problems. A possible solution for bacterial contamination is using bacteriophages (phages), which are harmless to humans; these natural viruses can be used to prevent or reduce food contamination by foodborne pathogens. In this regard, several studies showed the effectiveness of phages against bacteria. However, when used in their free form, phages can lose infectivity, decreasing the application in foods. To overcome this problem, new delivery systems are being studied to incorporate phages and ensure prolonged activity and controlled release in food systems. This review focuses on the existent and new phage delivery systems applied in the food industry to promote food safety. Initially, an overview of phages, their main advantages, and challenges is presented, followed by the different delivery systems, focused in methodologies, and biomaterials that can be used. In the end, examples of phage applications in foods are disclosed and future perspectives are approached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Costa
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo M Pastrana
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - José A Teixeira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sanna M Sillankorva
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Cerqueira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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12
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Shafigh Kheljan F, Sheikhzadeh Hesari F, Aminifazl MS, Skurnik M, Gholadze S, Zarrini G. Design of Phage-Cocktail-Containing Hydrogel for the Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Infected Wounds. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030803. [PMID: 36992511 PMCID: PMC10051971 DOI: 10.3390/v15030803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the treatment of infected wounds has become a global problem due to increased antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is often present in chronic skin infections, and it has become a threat to public health as it is increasingly multidrug resistant. Due to this, new measures to enable treatment of infections are necessary. Treatment of bacterial infections with bacteriophages, known as phage therapy, has been in use for a century, and has potential with its antimicrobial effect. The main purpose of this study was to create a phage-containing wound dressing with the ability to prevent bacterial infection and rapid wound healing without side effects. Several phages against P. aeruginosa were isolated from wastewater, and two polyvalent phages were used to prepare a phage cocktail. The phage cocktail was loaded in a hydrogel composed of polymers of sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). To compare the antimicrobial effects, hydrogels containing phages, ciprofloxacin, or phages plus ciprofloxacin were produced, and hydrogels without either. The antimicrobial effect of these hydrogels was investigated in vitro and in vivo using an experimental mouse wound infection model. The wound-healing process in different mouse groups showed that phage-containing hydrogels and antibiotic-containing hydrogels have almost the same antimicrobial effect. However, in terms of wound healing and pathological process, the phage-containing hydrogels performed better than the antibiotic alone. The best performance was achieved with the phage-antibiotic hydrogel, indicating a synergistic effect between the phage cocktail and the antibiotic. In conclusion, phage-containing hydrogels eliminate efficiently P. aeruginosa in wounds and may be a proper option for treating infectious wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shafigh Kheljan
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Farzam Sheikhzadeh Hesari
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Aminifazl
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Mikael Skurnik
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sophio Gholadze
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gholamreza Zarrini
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
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13
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Teklemariam AD, Al Hindi R, Qadri I, Alharbi MG, Hashem AM, Alrefaei AA, Basamad NA, Haque S, Alamri T, Harakeh S. Phage cocktails - an emerging approach for the control of bacterial infection with major emphasis on foodborne pathogens. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-29. [PMID: 36927397 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2178870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Phage therapy has recently attracted a great deal of attention to counteract the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In comparison to monophage therapy, phage cocktails are typically used to treat individual and/or multi-bacterial infections since the bacterial agents are unlikely to become resistant as a result of exposure to multiple phages simultaneously. The bacteriolytic effect of phage cocktails may produce efficient killing effect in comparison to individual phage. However, multiple use of phages (complex cocktails) may lead to undesirable side effects such as dysbiosis, horizontal gene transfer, phage resistance, cross resistance, and/or higher cost of production. Cocktail formulation, therefore, representa compromise between limiting the complexity of the cocktail and achieving substantial bacterial load reduction towards the targeted host organisms. Despite some constraints, the applications of monophage therapy have been well documented in the literature. However, phage cocktails-based approaches and their role for the control of pathogens have not been well investigated. In this review, we discuss the principle of phage cocktail formulations, their optimization strategies, major phage cocktail preparations, and their efficacy in inactivating various food borne bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addisu D Teklemariam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashad Al Hindi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishtiaq Qadri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona G Alharbi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Vaccine and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alrefaei
- Molecular Virology Department, King Fahad General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najlaa A Basamad
- Parasitology Department, King Fahad General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia.,Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese, American University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Turki Alamri
- Family and community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Baysal G, Olcay HS, Günneç Ç. Encapsulation and antibacterial studies of goji berry and garlic extract in the biodegradable chitosan. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/08839115231157097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
As known, the chitosan is a biodegradable biopolymer with antibacterial properties, therefore it is used in the fields of pharmacy, medical, wastewater treatment, biotechnology, cosmetics, textiles, and agriculture. Apart from these, the chitosan has an important place in the food industry with its widespread use. In this research article, the chitosan were encapsulated with the taurine and garlic extracts by the spray dryer. The CSA and CSB compounds synthesized as final products were analyzed by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The effect of the encapsulation process on the molecular weight of the polymer structure was investigated using the cryoscopy method. The compound CSA represents 1/2 encapsulation of chitosan with taurine and increased garlic extracts, respectively, while CSB represents 1/1 encapsulation of chitosan with increased taurine and fixed garlic extracts. The % antioxidant activity of the final products was determined by DDPH method. The inhibition zone and surface activity proporties of the CSA and CSB were carried out against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella bacteria. The results obtained as a result of the analyzes were evaluated, and optimum values were determined for use in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülay Baysal
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Healthy Sciences, İstanbul Aydin University, İstanbul, Turkey
- Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Sena Olcay
- Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çağatay Günneç
- Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Akbari J, Saeedi M, Morteza-Semnani K, Ghasemi M, Eshaghi M, Eghbali M, Jafarkhani B, Rahimnia SM, Negarandeh R, Babaei A, Hashemi SMH, Asare-Addo K, Nokhodchi A. An Eco-Friendly and Hopeful Promise Platform for Delivering Hydrophilic Wound Healing Agents in Topical Administration for Wound Disorder: Diltiazem-Loaded Niosomes. J Pharm Innov 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-023-09710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purposes
Calcium channel blockers, such as diltiazem (DLZ), are important drugs for wound repair treatment. This current study used an ultrasonic method to increase the cutaneous delivery of (DLZ) niosomes.
Methods
The impact of the cholesterol:surfactant ratio on the DLZ-loaded niosome formulations was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, drug release, skin sensitivity, animal wound repair model, and histopathological assessment were applied to investigate the characteristics, morphology, and therapeutic effectiveness of the DLZ noisome.
Results
The results showed that changes in the cholesterol:surfactant ratio can influence the zeta potential and the size of the niosome. The maximum entrapment efficiency was observed to be about 94% when the cholesterol content in the formulation was high. The DLZ release studies revealed that the niosomal formulation was released slowly over the course of 24 h. Macroscopic observations of the wound demonstrated that wound closure in the DLZ-niosome-treated group and the commercial brand was equal and higher than in the other groups (gel base, placebo gel, and negative control). Pathological studies described that the wound repair in the DLZ-niosomal gel group was greater than in the other treatment. All the preparations tested for cutaneous irritation on Wistar rats showed the DLZ niosomal gels to be non-irritating.
Conclusion
The findings of this study revealed that the prepared DLZ-niosome could be used as a possible nano-vesicle for DLZ cutaneous delivery thus potentially opening up new prospects for the treatment of wound disorders.
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16
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Pardo-Freire M, Domingo-Calap P. Phages and Nanotechnology: New Insights against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2023; 5:0004. [PMID: 37849463 PMCID: PMC10521656 DOI: 10.34133/bdr.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a major threat to the human healthcare system worldwide, as antibiotics are becoming less effective due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Therefore, there is a need to explore nontraditional antimicrobial alternatives to support rapid interventions and combat the spread of pathogenic bacteria. New nonantibiotic approaches are being developed, many of them at the interface of physics, nanotechnology, and microbiology. While physical factors (e.g., pressure, temperature, and ultraviolet light) are typically used in the sterilization process, nanoparticles and phages (bacterial viruses) are also applied to combat pathogenic bacteria. Particularly, phage-based therapies are rising due to the unparalleled specificity and high bactericidal activity of phages. Despite the success of phages mostly as compassionate use in clinical cases, some drawbacks need to be addressed, mainly related to their stability, bioavailability, and systemic administration. Combining phages with nanoparticles can improve their performance in vivo. Thus, the combination of nanotechnology and phages might provide tools for the rapid and accurate detection of bacteria in biological samples (diagnosis and typing), and the development of antimicrobials that combine the selectivity of phages with the efficacy of targeted therapy, such as photothermal ablation or photodynamic therapies. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of how phage-based nanotechnology represents a step forward in the fight against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pardo-Freire
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, I2SysBio, Universitat de València-CSIC, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Pilar Domingo-Calap
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, I2SysBio, Universitat de València-CSIC, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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17
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Yang Y, Du H, Zou G, Song Z, Zhou Y, Li H, Tan C, Chen H, Fischetti VA, Li J. Encapsulation and delivery of phage as a novel method for gut flora manipulation in situ: A review. J Control Release 2023; 353:634-649. [PMID: 36464065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal flora regulation is an effective method to intervene and treat diseases associated with microbiome imbalance. In addition to conventional probiotic supplement, phage delivery has recently exhibited great prospect in modifying gut flora composition and regulating certain gene expression of gut bacteria. However, the protein structure of phage is vulnerable to external factors during storage and delivery, which leads to the loss of infection ability and flora regulation function. Encapsulation strategy provides an effective solution for improving phage stability and precisely controlling delivery dosage. Different functional materials including enzyme-responsive and pH-responsive polymers have been used to construct encapsulation carriers to protect phages from harsh conditions and release them in the colon. Meanwhile, diverse carriers showed different characteristics in structure and function, which influenced their protective effect and delivery efficiency. This review systematically summarizes recent research progress on the phage encapsulation and delivery, with an emphasis on function properties of carrier systems in the protection effect and colon-targeted delivery. The present review may provide a theoretical reference for the encapsulation and delivery of phage as microbiota modulator, so as to expedite the development of functional material and delivery carrier, as well as the advances in practical application of intestinal flora regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hu Du
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Geng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiyong Song
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Li
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Chen Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Vincent A Fischetti
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jinquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York 10065, USA; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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18
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Saberi Riseh R, Hassanisaadi M, Vatankhah M, Soroush F, Varma RS. Nano/microencapsulation of plant biocontrol agents by chitosan, alginate, and other important biopolymers as a novel strategy for alleviating plant biotic stresses. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1589-1604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Balcão VM, Belline BG, Silva EC, Almeida PFFB, Baldo DÂ, Amorim LRP, Oliveira Júnior JM, Vila MMDC, Del Fiol FS. Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Two Novel Lytic Bacteriophages for the Biocontrol of Escherichia coli in Uterine Infections: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Preliminary Studies in Veterinary Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2344. [PMID: 36365162 PMCID: PMC9692438 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
E. coli is one of the etiological agents responsible for pyometra in female dogs, with conventional treatment involving ovariohysterectomy. Here, we report the isolation and full characterization of two novel lytic phages, viz. vB_EcoM_Uniso11 (ph0011) and vB_EcoM_Uniso21 (ph0021). Both phages belong to the order Caudovirales and present myovirus-like morphotypes, with phage ph0011 being classified as Myoviridae genus Asteriusvirus and phage ph0021 being classified as Myoviridae genus Tequatrovirus, based on their complete genome sequences. The 348,288 bp phage ph0011 and 165,222 bp phage ph0021 genomes do not encode toxins, integrases or antimicrobial resistance genes neither depolymerases related sequences. Both phages were shown to be effective against at least twelve E. coli clinical isolates in in vitro antibacterial activity assays. Based on their features, both phages have potential for controlling pyometra infections caused by E. coli. Phage ph0011 (reduction of 4.24 log CFU/mL) was more effective than phage ph0021 (reduction of 1.90 log CFU/mL) after 12 h of incubation at MOI 1000. As a cocktail, the two phages were highly effective in reducing the bacterial load (reduction of 5.57 log CFU/mL) at MOI 100, after 12 h of treatment. Both phages were structurally and functionally stabilized in vaginal egg formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Balcão
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
- Department of Biology and CESAM, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bianca G. Belline
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Erica C. Silva
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Pablo F. F. B. Almeida
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Denicezar Â. Baldo
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Lara R. P. Amorim
- Department of Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - José M. Oliveira Júnior
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Marta M. D. C. Vila
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando S. Del Fiol
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
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20
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Rahimzadeh G, Zazouli MA, Rezai MS. Potential of lytic bacteriophages as disinfectant to control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on fomites. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 20:219-225. [PMID: 35669812 PMCID: PMC9163256 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00770-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nosocomial infections can be transmitted by contaminated hospital surfaces with resistant pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes public healthcare issues. Conventional sanitation is not efficiently contributing to removing resistant pathogens. Bacteriophages suggest safe and specific decontamination. Bacteriophages are a promising alternative strategy to chemical biocides. This research aimed to evaluate the potential of phage in controlling P. aeruginosa in infected hard surfaces. METHODS Bacteriophage was isolated from hospital wastewater. The efficiency lytic activity of phage against P. aeruginosa was assessed on various infected hard surfaces as plastic and ceramic. 50 µl of the phage lysate (2 × 1012 PFU/mL) and 50 µl of 70% Ethanol solution separately were spread on the different infected surfaces. After 15 min, 1, 3, 6, and 24 h, surfaces were directly sampled by contact plates. The bacterial load was evaluated by enumerating plate CFU. RESULTS Cystoviridae phages with titer (2 × 1012 PFU/mL) efficiently can reduce P. aeruginosa on contaminated surfaces. The treated surfaces with 70% Ethanol solution and phage showed an evident drop in bacterial cell number. CONCLUSIONS Bacteriophages can be used as a new option for the development of biological products aimed at the control and deletion of pathogens on contaminated hard surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnar Rahimzadeh
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zazouli
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Rezai
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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