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Budi YP, Hsu MC, Lin YC, Lee YJ, Chiu HY, Chiu CH, Jiang YF. The injections of mitochondrial fusion promoter M1 during proestrus disrupt the progesterone secretion and the estrous cycle in the mouse. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2392. [PMID: 36765080 PMCID: PMC9918500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29608-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
After ovulation, the mitochondrial enzyme CYP11A1 cleavage the cholesterol into pregnenolone for progesterone synthesis, suggesting that mitochondrial dynamics play a vital role in the female reproductive system. The changes in the mitochondria dynamics throughout the ovarian cycle have been reported in literature, but the correlation to its role in the ovarian cycle remains unclear. In this study, mitochondrial fusion promotor, M1, was used to study the impact of mitochondria dynamics in the female reproductive system. Our results showed that M1 treatment in mice can lead to the disruptions of estrous cycles in vagina smears. The decrease in serum LH was recorded in the animal. And the inhibitions of progesterone secretion and ovulations were observed in ovarian culture. Although no significant changes in mitochondrial networks were observed in the ovaries, significant up-regulation of mitochondrial respiratory complexes was revealed in M1 treatments through transcriptomic analysis. In contrast to the estrogen and steroid biosynthesis up-regulated in M1, the molecules of extracellular matrix, remodeling enzymes, and adhesion signalings were decreased. Collectively, our study provides novel targets to regulate the ovarian cycles through the mitochondria. However, more studies are still necessary to provide the functional connections between mitochondria and the female reproductive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yovita Permata Budi
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Rm. 104-1, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Jia Lee
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chiu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Education and Humanities in Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Jiang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Rm. 104-1, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Chiminelli I, Spicer LJ, Maylem ERS, Caloni F. In Vitro Effects of Enniatin A on Steroidogenesis and Proliferation of Bovine Granulosa Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100714. [PMID: 36287982 PMCID: PMC9607026 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging Fusarium mycotoxins enniatins (ENNs) have been the focus of new research because of their well-documented existence in various cereal and grain products. Research findings indicate that reproductive disorders may be caused by exposure to Fusarium mycotoxins, but little work has evaluated ENNs on reproductive function. Therefore, to determine the effects of ENNA on the proliferation and steroidogenesis of granulosa cells (GC), experiments were conducted using bovine GC cultures. In vitro, ENNA (1−5 μM) inhibited (p < 0.05) hormone-induced GC progesterone and estradiol production. The inhibitory effect of ENNA on estradiol production was more pronounced in small- than large-follicle GC. In large-follicle GC, 0.3 μM ENNA had no effect (p > 0.10) whereas 1 and 3 μM ENNA inhibited GC proliferation. In small-follicle GC, ENNA (1−5 μM) dramatically decreased (p < 0.05) GC proliferation. Using cell number data, the IC50 of ENNA was estimated at 2 μM for both follicle sizes. We conclude that ENNA can directly inhibit ovarian function in cattle, decreasing the proliferation and steroid production of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Chiminelli
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Leon J. Spicer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Excel Rio S. Maylem
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Rosal KG, Chen WY, Chung BC. The A'-helix of CYP11A1 remodels mitochondrial cristae. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:61. [PMID: 35978408 PMCID: PMC9386925 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CYP11A1 is a protein located in the inner membrane of mitochondria catalyzing the first step of steroid synthesis. As a marker gene for steroid-producing cells, the abundance of CYP11A1 characterizes the extent of steroidogenic cell differentiation. Besides, the mitochondria of fully differentiated steroidogenic cells are specialized with tubulovesicular cristae. The participation of CYP11A1 in the change of mitochondrial structure and the differentiation of steroid-producing cells, however, has not been investigated. Methods We engineered nonsteroidogenic monkey kidney COS1 cells to express CYP11A1 upon doxycycline induction and examined the mitochondrial structure of these cells. We also mapped the CYP11A1 domains that confer structural changes of mitochondria. We searched for CYP11A1-interacting proteins and investigated the role of this interacting protein in shaping mitochondrial structure. Finally, we examined the effect of CYP11A1 overexpression on the amount of mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system. Results We found that CYP11A1 overexpression led to the formation of tubulovesicular cristae in mitochondria. We also identified the A’-helix located at amino acid #57–68 to be sufficient for membrane insertion and crista remodeling. We identified heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) as the CYP11A1-interacting protein and showed that Hsp60 is required for CYP11A1 accumulation and crista remodeling. Finally, we found that the small MIC10 subcomplex of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system was reduced when CYP11A1 was overexpressed. Conclusions CYP11A1 participates in the formation of tubulovesicular cristae in the mitochondria of steroidogenic cells. Its A’-helix is sufficient for the formation of tubulovesicular cristae and for protein integration into the membrane. CYP11A1 interacts with Hsp60, which is required for CYP11A1 accumulation. The accumulation of CYP11A1 leads to the reduction of MIC10 complex and changes mitochondrial structure. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00846-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen G Rosal
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yi Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Bon-Chu Chung
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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Kaseder M, Schmid N, Eubler K, Goetz K, Müller-Taubenberger A, Dissen GA, Harner M, Wanner G, Imhof A, Forne I, Mayerhofer A. Evidence of a role for cAMP in mitochondrial regulation in ovarian granulosa cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2022; 28:6659106. [PMID: 35944223 PMCID: PMC9802053 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the ovary, proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells (GCs) drive follicular growth. Our immunohistochemical study in a non-human primate, the Rhesus monkey, showed that the mitochondrial activity marker protein cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COX4) increases in GCs in parallel to follicle size, and furthermore, its intracellular localization changes. This suggested that there is mitochondrial biogenesis and trafficking, and implicates the actions of gonadotropins, which regulate follicular growth and ovulation. Human KGN cells, i.e. granulosa tumour cells, were therefore used to study these possibilities. To robustly elevate cAMP, and thereby mimic the actions of gonadotropins, we used forskolin (FSK). FSK increased the cell size and the amount of mitochondrial DNA of KGN cells within 24 h. As revealed by MitoTracker™ experiments and ultrastructural 3D reconstruction, FSK treatment induced the formation of elaborate mitochondrial networks. H89, a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, reduced the network formation. A proteomic analysis indicated that FSK elevated the levels of regulators of the cytoskeleton, among others (data available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD032160). The steroidogenic enzyme CYP11A1 (Cytochrome P450 Family 11 Subfamily A Member 1), located in mitochondria, was more than 3-fold increased by FSK, implying that the cAMP/PKA-associated structural changes occur in parallel with the acquisition of steroidogenic competence of mitochondria in KGN cells. In summary, the observations show increases in mitochondria and suggest intracellular trafficking of mitochondria in GCs during follicular growth, and indicate that they may partially be under the control of gonadotropins and cAMP. In line with this, increased cAMP in KGN cells profoundly affected mitochondrial dynamics in a PKA-dependent manner and implicated cytoskeletal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katharina Goetz
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Annette Müller-Taubenberger
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gregory A Dissen
- Molecular Virology Core, Oregon Health & Science University Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Max Harner
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Ultrastructural Research, Department Biology I, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Axel Imhof
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Protein Analysis Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ignasi Forne
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Protein Analysis Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Correspondence address. Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany. E-mail:
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