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He B, Shan T, Xu J, Zhong X, Zhang J, Han R, Yang Q, Wu J. Full-length transcriptome profiling of Acanthopanax gracilistylus provides new insight into the kaurenoic acid biosynthesis pathway. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:383-399. [PMID: 38633273 PMCID: PMC11018598 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Acanthopanax gracilistylus is a deciduous plant in the family Araliaceae, which is commonly used in Chinese herbal medicine, as the root bark has functions of nourishing the liver and kidneys, removing dampness and expelling wind, and strengthening the bones and tendons. Kaurenoic acid (KA) is the main effective substance in the root bark of A. gracilistylus with strong anti-inflammatory effects. To elucidate the KA biosynthesis pathway, second-generation (DNA nanoball) and third-generation (Pacific Biosciences) sequencing were performed to analyze the transcriptomes of the A. gracilistylus leaves, roots, and stems. Among the total 505,880 isoforms, 408,954 were annotated by seven major databases. Sixty isoforms with complete open reading frames encoding 11 key enzymes involved in the KA biosynthesis pathway were identified. Correlation analysis between isoform expression and KA content identified a total of eight key genes. Six key enzyme genes involved in KA biosynthesis were validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Based on the sequence analysis, the spatial structure of ent-kaurene oxidase was modeled, which plays roles in the three continuous oxidations steps of KA biosynthesis. This study greatly enriches the transcriptome data of A. gracilistylus and facilitates further analysis of the function and regulation mechanism of key enzymes in the KA biosynthesis pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01436-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing He
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Tingyu Shan
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jingyao Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xinxin Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Rongchun Han
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qingshan Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei, China
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Zhang X, Li M, Bian Z, Chen X, Li Y, Xiong Y, Fang L, Wu K, Zeng S, Jian S, Wang R, Ren H, Teixeira da Silva JA, Ma G. Improved chromosome-level genome assembly of Indian sandalwood (Santalum album). Sci Data 2023; 10:921. [PMID: 38129455 PMCID: PMC10739715 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Santalum album is a well-known aromatic and medicinal plant that is highly valued for the essential oil (EO) extracted from its heartwood. In this study, we present a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of S. album after integrating PacBio Sequel, Illumina HiSeq paired-end and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture sequencing technologies. The assembled genome size is 207.39 M with a contig N50 of 7.33 M and scaffold N50 size of 18.31 M. Compared with three previously published sandalwood genomes, the N50 length of the genome assembly was longer. In total, 94.26% of the assembly was assigned to 10 pseudo-chromosomes, and the anchor rate far exceeded that of a recently released value. BUSCO analysis yielded a completeness score of 94.91%. In addition, we predicted 23,283 protein-coding genes, 89.68% of which were functionally annotated. This high-quality genome will provide a foundation for sandalwood functional genomics studies, and also for elucidating the genetic basis of EO biosynthesis in S. album.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - MingZhi Li
- Bio&Data Biotechnologies Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Zhan Bian
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yuping Xiong
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Lin Fang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Kunlin Wu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Songjun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Shuguang Jian
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Rujiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Hai Ren
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | | | - Guohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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Qu G, Liu Y, Ma Q, Li J, Du G, Liu L, Lv X. Progress and Prospects of Natural Glycoside Sweetener Biosynthesis: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15926-15941. [PMID: 37856872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
To achieve an adequate sense of sweetness with a healthy low-sugar diet, it is necessary to explore and produce sugar alternatives. Recently, glycoside sweeteners and their biosynthetic approaches have attracted the attention of researchers. In this review, we first outlined the synthetic pathways of glycoside sweeteners, including the key enzymes and rate-limiting steps. Next, we reviewed the progress in engineered microorganisms producing glycoside sweeteners, including de novo synthesis, whole-cell catalysis synthesis, and in vitro synthesis. The applications of metabolic engineering strategies, such as cofactor engineering and enzyme modification, in the optimization of glycoside sweetener biosynthesis were summarized. Finally, the prospects of combining enzyme engineering and machine learning strategies to enhance the production of glycoside sweeteners were discussed. This review provides a perspective on synthesizing glycoside sweeteners in microbial cells, theoretically guiding the bioproduction of glycoside sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Shandong Jincheng Biological Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Qinyuan Ma
- Shandong Jincheng Biological Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food Biotechnology Company, Limited, Yixing 214200, P. R. China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food Biotechnology Company, Limited, Yixing 214200, P. R. China
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Sharma N, Vuppu S. The utilization of natural eco-benign sources for sustainable management to preserve hides and docking analysis of identified potential phytochemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1365. [PMID: 37874409 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11857-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The industrial leather sector is one of the most ancient industries globally and continues to influence the global economic system in contemporary times significantly. Regardless of income, the leather sector is widely recognized as a significant environmentally detrimental sector because of the utilization of materials involved in preserving and processing leather. Raw hides, the primary ingredient in the leather industry, are highly susceptible to microbial attack once they have been flayed from animals. The current review provides information about the diverse operational processes employed in the beam house to produce leather goods. This paper primarily focuses on the preservation of various types of hides, including those derived from goats, cows, sheeps, deers, pigs, and other species, with particular emphasis on bio-based preservation methods. It also discusses various salt and salt-free curing methods along with their limitations. Furthermore, it reviews a viable and economically advantageous option for preserving animal hides using plant and microbial sources. Moreover, it focuses on investigating the molecular docking interactions between three critical enzymes in the phytochemical synthesis pathway, namely phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, phosphomevalonate kinase, and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, and a set of specific modulators, followed by ADMET analyses. The objective was to determine the optimal binding affinity score for these enzyme-modulator complexes through virtual screening. The depiction of protein-ligand interactions offers potential benefits for future research endeavours, as well as valuable insights into the identification of modulators and the evaluation of the potency and efficacy of phytochemicals in the preservation of hides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Sharma
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, -632014, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suneetha Vuppu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, -632014, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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5
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Liao H, Quan H, Huang B, Ji H, Zhang T, Chen J, Zhou J. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the molecular basis of tissue-specific accumulation of bioactive steroidal alkaloids in Fritillaria unibracteata. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 214:113831. [PMID: 37598994 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Fritillaria unibracteata is an endangered medicinal plant whose bulb has been used as a Chinese herb to suppress cough, asthma and excessive phlegm for centuries. Steroidal alkaloids, which are synthesized via the steroid synthesis pathways, are their significant bioactive constituents. However, few studies on genes involved in steroidal alkaloid biosynthesis in F. unibracteata have been reported, mainly due to the lack of the F. unibracteata genome. In this paper, comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of four different tissues of F. unibracteata (leaves, flowers, stems, and bulbs) were performed. Imperialine, peiminine, and peimisine were among the significant bioactive compounds that were considerably abundant in bulb tissue, according to the metabolomic findings. Then, 83.60 Gb transcriptome sequencing of four different tissues was performed, of which one gene encoding phosphomevalonate kinase was directly functionally characterized to verify the accuracy of sequences obtained from the transcriptome. A total of 9217 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) were identified in four different tissues of F. unibracteata. GO and KEGG enrichments revealed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, MVA-mediated terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and steroid biosynthesis were enriched in bulb tissue, whereas enrichment of MEP-mediated terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, photosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna protein and carotenoid biosynthesis was observed in aerial tissues. Moreover, clustering analysis indicated that the downstream steroid biosynthesis pathway was more important in steroidal alkaloid biosynthesis compared to the upstream terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway. Hence, MVA-mediated biosynthesis of steroidal alkaloids was proposed, in which 15 bulb-clustered DEGs were positively correlated with a high accumulation of bioactive steroid alkaloids, further validating our proposal. In addition, 36 CYP450s showing a positive correlation with bioactive steroidal alkaloids provided candidate enzymes to catalyze the subsequent steps of steroidal alkaloid biosynthesis. In addition, the transcription factors and ABC transporters clustered in bulb tissue might be responsible for the regulation and transportation of steroidal alkaloid biosynthesis. Protein-protein interaction analysis implied a highly complex steroid alkaloid biosynthesis network in which delta (24)-sterol reductase might be one of the central catalysts. Based on the integrated transcriptome and metabolome, this current study is a first step in understanding the tissue-specific biosynthesis of steroidal alkaloids in F. unibracteata. Furthermore, key genes and regulators identified herein could facilitate metabolic engineering to improve steroidal alkaloids in F. unibracteata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Liao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China.
| | - Huige Quan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China.
| | - Binhan Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China.
| | - Huiyue Ji
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China.
| | - Tian Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China.
| | - Jiao Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China.
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China.
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6
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Pathak G, Dudhagi SS, Raizada S, Singh RK, Sane AP, Sane VA. Phosphomevalonate kinase regulates the MVA/MEP pathway in mango during ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:174-185. [PMID: 36724702 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mango is a popular tropical fruit with a great diversity in taste and aroma, contributed primarily by terpenoids. Phosphomevalonate kinase (PMK) is a key enzyme for isoprenoid biosynthesis in the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway responsible for terpenoids. In this study, two cultivars of mango, "Dashehari" and "Banganpalli", showing opposite spatio-temporal patterns of ripening polarity, were investigated for studying the role of MiPMK in aroma production. MiPMK transcription and enzyme activity increased during ripening in both varieties. Expression in the early-ripening inner zones preceded that in the later-ripening outer zones of "Dashehari" while it was higher in the early ripening outer zones in "Banganpalli". Polypeptide sequences of the two enzymes showed differences in a few amino acids that were also reflected in kinetic properties such as specific activity and pH optima. Silencing of MiPMK in "Dashehari" fruit by VIGS suppressed the kinase activity and led to changes in relative contributions of the mevalonic acid (MVA) and methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathways. This also altered the fruit metabolite profile with a reduction/disappearance of sesquiterpenes such as geranyl geraniol, trans-farnesol, β-caryophyllene, β-pinene, bisabolene and guaiane but the appearance of menthol and d-limonene in silenced fruit. The study shows that MiPMK levels may control downstream metabolite flux of the MVA pathway in mango.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Pathak
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Department of Botany, B. D. College, Patliputra University, Patna, 800001, India
| | - Shivanand S Dudhagi
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Saumya Raizada
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rajesh K Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, India
| | - A P Sane
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vidhu A Sane
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Yan H, Niu M, Xiong Y, Zhang X, Li Y, Teixeira da Silva JA, Ma G. Cloning and functional analysis of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) in Santalum album L. Gene 2023; 851:146762. [PMID: 35933050 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The commercial value of Santalum album L. lies in its aromatic heartwood and essential oil. Sesquiterpenes are the main components of sandal essential oil, and these are synthesized through the plant's mevalonate (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways. In this study, the first key rate-limiting enzyme, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (SaDXS), was investigated to provide a theoretical molecular basis for the sandalwood MEP sesquiterpene biosynthetic pathway. The biofunctions of SaDXS were also analyzed. SaDXS promoters were successfully cloned from a seven-year-old S. album tree. SaDXS1A/1B promoter activity was verified by a β-glucuronidase (GUS) assay and by analyzing cis-acting elements of the promoters, which carried light- and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-responsive signals. In an experiment involving yellow S. album seedlings, exposure to light upregulated SaDXS1A/1B expression and increased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents when overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Analysis of the expression of SaDXS1A/1B and SaSSy, key genes of santalol biosynthesis, revealed SaDXS1A expression in all tissues whereas SaDXS1B was expressed in tissues that contained photosynthetic pigments, such as stems, leaves and flowers. Sandal seedlings exogenously treated with two hormones, MeJA and ethylene, revealed similar expression patterns for SaDXS1A/1B and SaSSy. Sandal seedlings were treated with an inhibitor of DXS, clomazone, but showed no significant changes in the contents of α-santalene, β-santalene and α-santalol between treatment and control groups. These results suggest that SaDXS1A/1B play a role in the synthesis of sandalwood sesquiterpenes, providing carbon for downstream secondary metabolites. SaDXS1A/1B also play a role in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, carotenoids, and primary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yueya Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Haifeng Yan
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Meiyun Niu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yuping Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | | | - Guohua Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Niu L, Liu J, Wang X, Wu Z, Xiang Q, Bai Y. Effect of Combined Treatment with Cinnamon Oil and petit-High Pressure CO 2 against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213474. [PMID: 36360087 PMCID: PMC9658994 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the combined treatment with cinnamon oil (CIN) and petit-high pressure CO2 (p-HPCO2) against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results showed that CIN and p-HPCO2 exhibited a synergistic antifungal effect against S. cerevisiae. After being treated by CIN at a final concentration of 0.02% and p-HPCO2 under 1.3 MPa at 25 °C for 2 h, the S. cerevisiae population decreased by 3.35 log10 CFU/mL, which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of CIN (1.11 log10 CFU/mL) or p-HPCO2 (0.31 log10 CFU/mL). Through scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence staining, and other approaches, a disorder of the structure and function of the cell membrane was observed after the CIN + p-HPCO2 treatment, such as severe morphological changes, increased membrane permeability, decreased cell membrane potential, and loss of membrane integrity. CIN + p-HPCO2 also induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization in S. cerevisiae cells, which could be associated with the decrease in intracellular ATP observed in this study. Moreover, the expression of genes involved in ergosterol synthesis in S. cerevisiae was up-regulated after exposure to CIN + p-HPCO2, which might be an adaptive response to membrane damage. This work demonstrates the potential of CIN and p-HPCO2 in combination as an alternative pasteurization technique for use in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Niu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingfei Liu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xinpei Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zihao Wu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qisen Xiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanhong Bai
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Identification and Functional Analysis of SabHLHs in Santalum album L. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071017. [PMID: 35888105 PMCID: PMC9315531 DOI: 10.3390/life12071017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Santalum album L., a semi-parasitic evergreen tree, contains economically important essential oil, rich in sesquiterpenoids, such as (Z) α- and (Z) β-santalol. However, their transcriptional regulations are not clear. Several studies of other plants have shown that basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) were involved in participating in the biosynthesis of sesquiterpene synthase genes. Herein, bHLH TF genes with similar expression patterns and high expression levels were screened by co-expression analysis, and their full-length ORFs were obtained. These bHLH TFs were named SaMYC1, SaMYC3, SaMYC4, SaMYC5, SabHLH1, SabHLH2, SabHLH3, and SabHLH4. All eight TFs had highly conserved bHLH domains and SaMYC1, SaMYC3, SaMYC4, and SaMYC5, also had highly conserved MYC domains. It was indicated that the eight genes belonged to six subfamilies of the bHLH TF family. Among them, SaMYC1 was found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, while SaMYC4 was only localized in the cytoplasm and the remaining six TFs were localized in nucleus. In a yeast one-hybrid experiment, we constructed decoy vectors pAbAi-SSy1G-box, pAbAi-CYP2G-box, pAbAi-CYP3G-box, and pAbAi-CYP4G-box, which had been transformed into yeast. We also constructed pGADT7-SaMYC1 and pGADT7-SabHLH1 capture vectors and transformed them into bait strains. Our results showed that SaMYC1 could bind to the G-box of SaSSy, and the SaCYP736A167 promoter, which SaSSy proved has acted as a key enzyme in the synthesis of santalol sesquiterpenes and SaCYP450 catalyzed the ligation of santalol sesquiterpenes into terpene. We have also constructed pGreenII 62-SK-SaMYC1, pGreenII 0800-LUC-SaSSy and pGreenII 0800-LUC-SaCYP736A167 via dual-luciferase fusion expression vectors and transformed them into Nicotiana benthamiana using an Agrobacterium-mediated method. The results showed that SaMYC1 was successfully combined with SaSSy or SaCYP736A167 promoter and the LUC/REN value was 1.85- or 1.55-fold higher, respectively, than that of the control group. Therefore, we inferred that SaMYC1 could activate both SaSSy and SaCYP736A167 promoters.
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Scariolo F, Palumbo F, Vannozzi A, Sacilotto GB, Gazzola M, Barcaccia G. Genotyping Analysis by RAD-Seq Reads Is Useful to Assess the Genetic Identity and Relationships of Breeding Lines in Lavender Species Aimed at Managing Plant Variety Protection. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111656. [PMID: 34828262 PMCID: PMC8621978 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lavender species are widely distributed in their wild forms around the Mediterranean Basin and they are also cultivated worldwide as improved and registered clonal varieties. The economic interest of the species belonging to the Lavandula genus is determined by their use as ornamental plants and important source of essential oils that are destinated to the production of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foodstuffs. Because of the increasing number of cases of illegal commercialization of selected varieties, the protection of plant breeders’ rights has become of main relevance for the recognition of breeding companies’ royalties. With this aim, genomic tools based on molecular markers have been demonstrated to be very reliable and transferable among laboratories, and also much more informative than morphological descriptors. With the rising of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, several genotyping-by-sequencing approaches are now available. This study deals with a deep characterization of 15 varietal clones, belonging to two distinct Lavandula species, by means of restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq). We demonstrated that this technology screens single nucleotide variants that enable to assess the genetic identity of individual accessions, to reconstruct genetic relationships among related breeding lines, to group them into genetically distinguishable main subclusters, and to assign their molecular lineages to distinct ancestors. Moreover, a number of polymorphic sites were identified within genes putatively involved in biosynthetic pathways related to both tissue pigmentation and terpene production, useful for breeding and/or protecting newly registered varieties. Overall, the results highlighted the presence of pure ancestries and interspecific hybrids for the analyzed Lavandula species, and demonstrated that RAD-Seq analysis is very informative and highly reliable for characterizing Lavandula clones and managing plant variety protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Scariolo
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals Environment, Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (F.S.); (F.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Fabio Palumbo
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals Environment, Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (F.S.); (F.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Alessandro Vannozzi
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals Environment, Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (F.S.); (F.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Gio Batta Sacilotto
- Gruppo Padana Ortofloricoltura S.S., Via Olimpia 41, 31038 Treviso, Italy; (G.B.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Marco Gazzola
- Gruppo Padana Ortofloricoltura S.S., Via Olimpia 41, 31038 Treviso, Italy; (G.B.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Gianni Barcaccia
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals Environment, Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (F.S.); (F.P.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence:
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