1
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Shafiq I, Kousar S, Rasool F, Ahamad T, Munawar KS, Bullo S, Ojha SC. Exploration of the synergistic effect of chrysene-based core and benzothiophene acceptors on photovoltaic properties of organic solar cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15105. [PMID: 38956211 PMCID: PMC11219797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
To improve the efficacy of organic solar cells (OSCs), novel small acceptor molecules (CTD1-CTD7) were designed by modification at the terminal acceptors of reference compound CTR. The optoelectronic properties of the investigated compounds (CTD1-CTD7) were accomplished by employing density functional theory (DFT) in combination with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The M06 functional along with a 6-311G(d,p) basis set was utilized for calculating various parameters such as: frontier molecular orbitals (FMO), absorption maxima (λmax), binding energy (Eb), transition density matrix (TDM), density of states (DOS), and open circuit voltage (Voc) of entitled chromophores. A red shift in the absorption spectra of all designed chromophores (CTD1-CTD7) was observed as compared to CTR, accompanied by low excitation energy. Particularly, CTD4 was characterized by the highest λmax value of 685.791 nm and the lowest transition energy value of 1.801 eV which might be ascribed to the robust electron-withdrawing end-capped acceptor group. The observed reduced binding energy (Eb) was linked to an elevated rate of exciton dissociation and substantial charge transfer from central core in HOMO towards terminal acceptors in LUMO. These results were further supported by the outcomes from TDM and DOS analyses. Among all entitled chromophores, CTD4 exhibited bathochromic shift (685.791 nm), minimum HOMO/LUMO band gap of 2.347 eV with greater CT. Thus, it can be concluded that by employing molecular engineering with efficient acceptor moieties, the efficiency of photovoltaic materials could be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Shafiq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Shehla Kousar
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Faiz Rasool
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurram Shahzad Munawar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mianwali, Mianwali, 42200, Pakistan
| | - Saifullah Bullo
- Department of Human and Rehabilitation Sciences, Begum Nusrat Bhutto Women University, Sukkur Sindh, Pakistan.
| | - Suvash Chandra Ojha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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2
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Abdelaziz B, Chérif I, Gassoumi B, Patanè S, Ayachi S. Linear and Nonlinear Optical Responses of Nitrobenzofurazan-Sulfide Derivatives: DFT-QTAIM Investigation on Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9895-9910. [PMID: 37972307 PMCID: PMC10694821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the green fluorescence exhibited by nitrobenzofurazan-sulfide derivatives (NBD-Si, i = 1-4). The optical responses of these studied compounds in a polar methanol solvent were simulated by the use of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) employing the Becke-3-Parameter-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) functional along with the 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The computed energy and oscillator strength (f) results complement the experimental results. The band gap was calculated as the difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). Additionally, the density of states (DOS) was computed, providing a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental properties of these materials and further corroborating the experimental data. When the experimental data derived from ultraviolet/visible (UV/visible) and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques and those from simulated spectra are analyzed, the extracted values match up adequately. In addition, the NBD-sulfide compounds exhibit a large Stokes shift up to 85 nm in a polar methanol solvent. They are hypothesized to represent a novel paradigm of excited-state intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). To understand the intrinsic optical properties of NBD-Si materials, an ICT was identified, and its direction within the molecule was evaluated using the ratio of βvect and βtotal, values extracted from the computed nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. Moreover, the reduced density gradient (RDG)-based noncovalent interactions (NCIs) were employed to characterize the strength and type of NBD-Si interactions. Furthermore, noncovalent interactions were identified and categorized using the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) analysis. Ultimately, the combination of Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT calculations was utilized to enhance the characterization and rationalization of these NCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balkis Abdelaziz
- Laboratory
of Physico-Chemistry of Materials (LR01ES19), Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
- Department
of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth
Sciences, University of Messina, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Imen Chérif
- Laboratory
of Physico-Chemistry of Materials (LR01ES19), Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Bouzid Gassoumi
- Laboratoire
Interfaces et Matériaux Avancés (LIMA), Faculté
des Sciences, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l’Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salvatore Patanè
- Department
of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth
Sciences, University of Messina, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sahbi Ayachi
- Laboratory
of Physico-Chemistry of Materials (LR01ES19), Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
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3
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Ishfaq M, Mubashir T, Abdou SN, Tahir MH, Halawa MI, Ibrahim MM, Xie Y. Data mining and library generation to search electron-rich and electron-deficient building blocks for the designing of polymers for photoacoustic imaging. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21332. [PMID: 37964821 PMCID: PMC10641172 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging is a good method for biological imaging, for this purpose, materials with strong near infrared (NIR) absorbance are required. In the present study, machine learning models are used to predict the light absorption behavior of polymers. Molecular descriptors are utilized to train a variety of machine learning models. Building blocks are searched from chemical databases, as well as new building blocks are designed using chemical library enumeration method. The Breaking Retrosynthetically Interesting Chemical Substructures (BRICS) method is employed for the creation of 10,000 novel polymers. These polymers are designed based on the input of searched and selected building blocks. To enhance the process, the optimal machine learning model is utilized to predict the UV/visible absorption maxima of the newly designed polymers. Concurrently, chemical similarity analysis is also performed on the selected polymers, and synthetic accessibility of selected polymers is calculated. In summary, the polymers are all easy to synthesize, increasing their potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tayyaba Mubashir
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Safaa N. Abdou
- Department of Chemistry, Khurmah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassir Hussain Tahir
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, 060-0811, Japan
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim Halawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence & Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Mohamed M. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yulin Xie
- Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
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4
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Zubair H, Mahmood RF, Waqas M, Ishtiaq M, Iqbal J, Ibrahim MAA, Sayed SRM, Noor S, Khera RA. Effect of tailoring π-linkers with extended conjugation on the SJ-IC molecule for achieving high VOC and improved charge mobility towards enhanced photovoltaic applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26050-26068. [PMID: 37664200 PMCID: PMC10472344 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03317a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The problem of low efficiency of organic solar cells can be solved by improving the charge mobility and open circuit voltage of these cells. The current research aims to present the role of π-linkers, having extended conjugation, between the donor and acceptor moieties of indacenodithiophene core-based A-π-D-π-A type SJ-IC molecule to improve the photovoltaic performance of pre-existing SJ-IC. Several crucial photovoltaic parameters of SJ-IC and seven newly proposed molecules were studied using density functional theory. Surprisingly, this theoretical framework manifested that the tailoring of SJ-IC by replacing its π-linker with linkers having extended π-conjugation gives a redshift in maximum absorption coefficient in the range of 731.69-1112.86 nm in a solvent. In addition, newly designed molecules exhibited significantly narrower bandgaps (ranging from 1.33 eV to 1.93 eV) than SJ-IC having a bandgap of 2.01 eV. Similarly, newly designed molecules show significantly less excitation energy in gaseous and solvent phases than SJ-IC. Furthermore, the reorganization energies of DL1-DL7 are much lower than that of SJ-IC, indicating high charge mobility in these molecules. DL6 and DL7 have shown considerably improved open circuit voltage (VOC), reaching 1.49 eV and 1.48 eV, respectively. Thus, the modification strategy employed herein has been fruitful with productive effects, including better tuning of the energy levels, lower bandgaps, broader absorption, improved charge mobility, and increased VOC. Based on these results, it can be suggested that these newly presented molecules can be considered for practical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Rana Farhat Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Township Lahore 54770 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Mariam Ishtiaq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Shaban R M Sayed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University P. O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadia Noor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hohenheim Stuttgart 70599 Germany
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
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5
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Ram Kumar A, Selvaraj S, Azam M, Sheeja Mol G, Kanagathara N, Alam M, Jayaprakash P. Spectroscopic, Biological, and Topological Insights on Lemonol as a Potential Anticancer Agent. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:31548-31566. [PMID: 37663516 PMCID: PMC10468887 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
A monoterpene alcohol known as lemonol was investigated experimentally as well as theoretically in order to gain insights into its geometrical structure, vibrational frequencies, solvent effects on electronic properties, molecular electrostatic potential, Mulliken atomic charge distribution, natural bond orbital, and Nonlinear Optical properties. The frontier molecular orbital energy gap values of 5.9084 eV (gas), 5.9261 eV (ethanol), 5.9185 eV (chloroform), 5.9253 eV (acetone), and 5.9176 eV (diethyl ether) were predicted, and it shows the kinetic stability and chemical reactivity of lemonol. Topological studies were conducted using Multiwfn software to understand the binding sites and weak interactions in lemonol. The antiproliferative effect of lemonol against the breast cancer cell line Michigan Cancer Foundation (MCF-7) was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, while nuclear damage, condensation, and reactive oxygen species generation were identified using acridine orange/ethidium bromide, propidium iodide, and dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining. The theoretical and experimental findings are highly correlated, confirming the structure, and the results of in vitro studies suggest that lemonol acts as a potent inhibitor against the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, highlighting its strong antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ram Kumar
- Department
of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering,
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Selvaraj
- Department
of Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering,
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - G.P. Sheeja Mol
- PG
Department of Physics, St. Joseph’s
College for Women, Alappuzha 688001, Kerala, India
- Affiliated
to University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, Kerala, India
| | - N. Kanagathara
- Department
of Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering,
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahboob Alam
- Department
of Safety Engineering, Dongguk University, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 780714, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - P. Jayaprakash
- Department
of Physics, St. Joseph’s Institute
of Technology, OMR, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
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6
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Mashhadi SM, Bhatti MH, Jabeen E, Yunus U, Ashfaq M, Akhtar M, Tahir MN, Alshehri SM, Ahmed S, Ojha SC. Synthesis and Antioxidant Studies of 2,4-Dioxothiazolidine-5-acetic Acid Based Organic Salts: SC-XRD and DFT Approach. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30186-30198. [PMID: 37636949 PMCID: PMC10448636 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, two organic salts (1 and 2) are synthesized, and then crystalline structures are characterized by FTIR, UV spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallographic studies. The organic salts 1 and 2 are optimized at the M06/6-311G(d,p)level of theory and further utilized for analysis of natural bond orbitals (NBOs), natural population, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), and global reactivity parameters, which confirmed the stability of the studied compounds and charge transfer phenomenon in the studied compounds. The studies further revealed that 1 and 2 are more stable than 3. The lowest energy merged monomer-coformer conformations were docked as flexible ligands with rigid fungal proteins and DNA receptors. The stagnant binding of the monomer through two H bonds with protein was observed for ligands 1 and 3 while different pattern was found with 2. The coformers formed a single H bond with the active site in 2 and 3 and a single pi-arene H interaction in 1. The two-point ligand-receptor interactions hooked the monomer between DNA base pairs for partial intercalation; pi stacking with additive hydrogen bonding with the base pair led to a strong benzimidazole interaction in 1 and 2, whereas ethylene diamine formed weak H bonding. Thus, the molecular docking predicted that the coformer exhibited DNA intercalation reinforced by its salt formation with benzimidazole 1 and methyl benzimidazole 2. Antioxidant studies depicted that 3 has a higher IC50 value than that of 2,4-D and also the largest value among the studied compounds, whereas 2 showed the lowest value among the studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muddassir
Ali Mashhadi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Punjab 56400, Pakistan
- Department
of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Moazzam H. Bhatti
- Department
of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Erum Jabeen
- Department
of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Yunus
- Department
of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department
of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab 40100, Pakistan
| | - Mahjbeen Akhtar
- Department
of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Saad M. Alshehri
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Wellman
Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Suvash Chandra Ojha
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital
of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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7
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K S, T N MM, Asiri AM, Alamry KA, Asad M. Green synthesis of heterocyclic alkenes using MCM 41 supported perchloric acid catalytic system: characterization and DFT studies. J Mol Model 2023; 29:244. [PMID: 37439878 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In this work, a series of heterocyclic alkenes were prepared by the reaction of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with various heterocyclic active methylene compounds via Knoevenagel condensation reaction using mesoporous silica, MCM 41, supported perchloric acid as an efficient green catalytic system under solvent-free conditions. A comparative study of the conventional method vs the green method was also reported with the same raw materials. 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and mass spectroscopic techniques were used for the characterization of synthesized compounds. METHODS Computational study was performed for these compounds by applying density functional theory (DFT) at M06 functional and 6-311G (d,p) basis set to interpret the electronic structures and counter check the experimental findings. The frequency analysis with aforementioned levels of DFT was performed to confirm the stability associated with optimized geometries. The true minimum for the optimized geometries for 1, 2, and 3 was achieved as indicated by the absence of negative eigenvalues in all the calculated frequencies. Additionally, natural bond orbitals (NBOs) and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were explored utilizing the aforementioned level and basis set combination via DFT, whereas the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) evaluation was done at time-dependent density functional theory TDDFT at M06/6-311G(d,p). The global reactivity parameters were also calculated using the FMO data. These computation-based outcomes were found in good agreement with the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha K
- Research & Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, MES Kalladi College (Affiliated to University of Calicut), Mannarkkad, Kerala, 678583, India
| | - Mohammed Musthafa T N
- Research & Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, MES Kalladi College (Affiliated to University of Calicut), Mannarkkad, Kerala, 678583, India.
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alamry
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Asad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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8
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Rajapaksha IN, Wang J, Leszczynski J, Scott CN. Investigating the Effects of Donors and Alkyne Spacer on the Properties of Donor-Acceptor-Donor Xanthene-Based Dyes. Molecules 2023; 28:4929. [PMID: 37446594 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
NIR dyes have become popular for many applications, including biosensing and imaging. For this reason, the molecular switch mechanism of the xanthene dyes makes them useful for in vivo detection and imaging of bioanalytes. Our group has been designing NIR xanthene-based dyes by the donor-acceptor-donor approach; however, the equilibrium between their opened and closed forms varies depending on the donors and spacer. We synthesized donor-acceptor-donor NIR xanthene-based dyes with an alkyne spacer via the Sonogashira coupling reaction to investigate the effects of the alkyne spacer and the donors on the maximum absorption wavelength and the molecular switching (ring opening) process of the dyes. We evaluated the strength and nature of the donors and the presence and absence of the alkyne spacer on the properties of the dyes. It was shown that the alkyne spacer extended the conjugation of the dyes, leading to absorption wavelengths of longer values compared with the dyes without the alkyne group. In addition, strong charge transfer donors shifted the absorption wavelength towards the NIR region, while donors with strong π-donation resulted in xanthene dyes with a smaller equilibrium constant. DFT/TDDFT calculations corroborated the experimental data in most of the cases. Dye 2 containing the N,N-dimethylaniline group gave contrary results and is being further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishanka N Rajapaksha
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Colleen N Scott
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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9
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Katubi KM, Saqib M, Maryam M, Mubashir T, Tahir MH, Sulaman M, Alrowaili Z, Al-Buriahi M. Machine learning assisted designing of organic semiconductors for organic solar cells: High-throughput screening and reorganization energy prediction. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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10
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Khan MU, Shafiq F, Al Abbad SS, Yaqoob J, Hussain R, Alsunaidi ZHA, Mustafa G, Hussain S. Designing Electron-Deficient Diketone Unit Based Non-Fused Ring Acceptors with Amplified Optoelectronic Features for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells: A DFT Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083625. [PMID: 37110860 PMCID: PMC10145092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) made of electron-acceptor and electron-donor materials have significantly developed in the last decade, demonstrating their enormous potential in cutting-edge optoelectronic applications. Consequently, we designed seven novel non-fused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) (BTIC-U1 to BTIC-U7) using synthesized electron-deficient diketone units and reported end-capped acceptors, a viable route for augmented optoelectronic properties. The DFT and TDDFT approaches were used to measure the power conversion efficiency (PCE), open circuit voltage (Voc), reorganization energies (λh, λe), fill factor (FF), light harvesting efficiency (LHE) and to evaluate the potential usage of proposed compounds in solar cell applications. The findings confirmed that the photovoltaic, photophysical, and electronic properties of the designed molecules BTIC-U1 to BTIC-U7 are superior to those of reference BTIC-R. The TDM analysis demonstrates a smooth flow of charge from the core to the acceptor groups. Charge transfer analysis of the BTIC-U1:PTB7-Th blend revealed orbital superposition and successful charge transfer from HOMO (PTB7-Th) to LUMO (BTIC-U1). The BTIC-U5 and BTIC-U7 outperformed the reference BTIC-R and other developed molecules in terms of PCE (23.29% and 21.18%), FF (0.901 and 0.894), normalized Voc (48.674 and 44.597), and Voc (1.261 eV and 1.155 eV). The proposed compounds enclose high electron and hole transfer mobilities, making them the ideal candidate for use with PTB7-Th film. As a result, future SM-OSC design should prioritize using these constructed molecules, which exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties, as superior scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faiza Shafiq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sanaa S Al Abbad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Junaid Yaqoob
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan
| | - Zainab H A Alsunaidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Hussain
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
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11
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Arshad MN, Shafiq I, Khalid M, Asad M, Asiri AM, Alotaibi MM, Braga AAC, Khan A, Alamry KA. Enhancing the Photovoltaic Properties via Incorporation of Selenophene Units in Organic Chromophores with A 2-π 2-A 1-π 1-A 2 Configuration: A DFT-Based Exploration. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061508. [PMID: 36987288 PMCID: PMC10051165 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, polymer organic solar cells (POSCs) are widely utilized due to their significant application, such as low-cost power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Therefore, we designed a series of photovoltaic materials (D1, D2, D3, D5 and D7) by the incorporation of selenophene units (n = 1-7) as π1-spacers by considering the importance of POSCs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were accomplished at MPW1PW91/6-311G (d, p) functional to explore the impact of additional selenophene units on the photovoltaic behavior of the above-mentioned compounds. A comparative analysis was conducted for designed compounds and reference compounds (D1). Reduction in energy gaps (∆E = 2.399 - 2.064 eV) with broader absorption wavelength (λmax = 655.480 - 728.376 nm) in chloroform along with larger charge transference rate was studied with the addition of selenophene units as compared to D1. A significantly higher exciton dissociation rate was studied as lower values of binding energy (Eb = 0.508 - 0.362 eV) were noted in derivatives than in the reference (Eb = 0.526 eV). Moreover, transition density matrix (TDM) and density of state (DOS) data also supported the efficient charge transition origination from HOMOs to LUMOs. Open circuit voltage (Voc) was also calculated for all the aforesaid compounds to check the efficiency, and significant results were seen (1.633-1.549 V). All the analyses supported our compounds as efficient POSCs materials with significant efficacy. These compounds might encourage the experimental researchers to synthesize them due to proficient photovoltaic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem Arshad
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqra Shafiq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Asad
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M Alotaibi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ataualpa A C Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Anish Khan
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alamry
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Alarfaji SS, Rasool F, Iqbal B, Hussain A, Hussain R, Akhlaq M, Rehman MF. In Silico Designing of Thieno[2,3- b]thiophene Core-Based Highly Conjugated, Fused-Ring, Near-Infrared Sensitive Non-fullerene Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4767-4781. [PMID: 36777570 PMCID: PMC9910071 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) has been improving steadily over the last few years, owing to the optimization of device fabrication, fine-tuning of morphology, and thin-film processing. Thiophene core containing fused ring-type non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) achieved significant proficiency for highly efficient OSCs. Quantum chemical computations are utilized herein with the motive of suggesting new NIR sensitive, highly efficient low-band gap materials for OSCs. A series of extended conjugated A-π-D-π-A architectured novel fused-ring NFAs (FUIC-1-FUIC-6) containing thieno[2,3-b]thiophene-based donor core are proposed by substituting the end-capped units of synthesized molecule F10IC. Different properties including frontier molecular orbital analysis, density of states analysis, transition density matrix analysis, excitation energy, reorganizational energies of both holes (λh) and electrons (λe), and open-circuit voltage (V oc) were performed employing the density functional theory approach. Charge transfer analysis of the best-designed molecule with the donor complex was analyzed to comprehend the efficiency of novel constructed molecules (FUIC-1-FUIC-6) and compared with the reference. End-caped acceptor alteration induces the reduction of the energy gap between HOMO-LUMO (1.88 eV), tunes the energy levels, longer absorption in the visible and near-infrared regions, larger V oc, smaller reorganizational energies, and binding energy values in designed structures (FUIC-1-FUIC-6) in comparison to reference (FUIC). The designed molecules show the best agreement with the PTBT-T donor polymer blend and cause the highest charge from the HOMO to the LUMO orbital. Our findings predicted that thieno[2,3-b] thiophene-based newly designed molecules would be efficient NFAs with outstanding photovoltaic characteristics and can be used in future applications of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh S. Alarfaji
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research
Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha61514, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiz Rasool
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan60800, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Iqbal
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan64200, Pakistan
| | - Ajaz Hussain
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan60800, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Dera Ghazi Khan54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akhlaq
- Faculty of
Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan29050, Pakistan
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13
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Mohammedsaleh Katubi K, Saqib M, Rehman A, Murtaza S, Hussain S, Alrowaili Z, Al-Buriahi M. Theoretical designing of small molecule donors for organic solar cells: Analyzing the effect of molecular polarity through structural engineering at terminal position. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2023.140349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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14
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Energy Level Prediction of Organic Semiconductors for Photodetectors and Mining of a Photovoltaic Database to Search for New Building Units. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031240. [PMID: 36770904 PMCID: PMC9920193 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the large versatility in organic semiconductors, selecting a suitable (organic semiconductor) material for photodetectors is a challenging task. Integrating computer science and artificial intelligence with conventional methods in optimization and material synthesis can guide experimental researchers to develop, design, predict and discover high-performance materials for photodetectors. To find high-performance organic semiconductor materials for photodetectors, it is crucial to establish a relationship between photovoltaic properties and chemical structures before performing synthetic procedures in laboratories. Moreover, the fast prediction of energy levels is desirable for designing better organic semiconductor photodetectors. Herein, we first collected large sets of data containing photovoltaic properties of organic semiconductor photodetectors reported in the literature. In addition, molecular descriptors that make it easy and fast to predict the required properties were used to train machine learning models. Power conversion efficiency and energy levels were also predicted. Multiple models were trained using experimental data. The light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) regression model and Hist gradient booting regression model are the best models. The best models were further tuned to achieve better prediction ability. The reliability of our designed approach was further verified by mining the photovoltaic database to search for new building units. The results revealed that good consistency is obtained between experimental outcomes and model predictions, indicating that machine learning is a powerful approach to predict the properties of photodetectors, which can facilitate their rapid development in various fields.
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15
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Khalid M, Khan M, Shafiq I, Mahmood K, Nadeem Akhtar M, Iqbal J, Al-Sadoon MK, Zaman W, Carmo Braga AA. Role of donors in triggering second order non-linear optical properties of non-fullerene FCO-2FR1 based derivatives: A theoretical perspective. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13033. [PMID: 36846702 PMCID: PMC9947268 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The organic compounds are known as an emerging class in the field of nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. In this paper, D-π-A configured oxygen containing organic chromophores (FD2-FD6) were designed by incorporating various donors in the chemical structure of FCO-2FR1. This work is also inspired by the feasibility of FCO-2FR1 as an efficient solar cell. Theoretical approach involving DFT functional i.e., B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) was utilized to achieve useful information regarding their electronic, structural, chemical and photonic properties. The structural modifications revealed significant electronic contribution in designing HOMOs and LUMOs for the derivatives with lowered energy gaps. The lowest HOMO-LUMO band gap obtained was 1.223 eV for FD2 compound in comparison to the reference molecule (FCO-2FR1) i.e., 2.053 eV. Moreover, the DFT findings revealed that the end-capped substituents play a key role in enhancing the NLO response of these push-pull chromophores. The UV-Vis spectra of tailored molecules revealed larger λ max values than the reference compound. Furthermore, strong intramolecular interactions showed the highest stabilization energy (28.40 kcal mol-1) for FD2 in the natural bond orbitals (NBOs) transitions, combined with the least binding energy (-0.432 eV). Successfully, the NLO results were favorable for the same chromophore (FD2) which showed the highest value for dipole moment (μ tot = 20.049 D) and first hyper-polarizability (β tot = 11.22 × 10-27 esu). Similarly, the largest value for linear polarizability ⟨α⟩ was obtained as 2.936 × 10-22 esu for FD3 compound. Overall, the designed compounds were calculated with greater NLO values as compared to FCO-2FR1. The current study may provoke the researchers towards designing of highly efficient NLO materials via using the suitable organic linking species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan,Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan,Corresponding author. Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan.;
| | - Mashal Khan
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan,Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Shafiq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan,Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar
- Division of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Khalid Al-Sadoon
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ataualpa Albert Carmo Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
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16
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Statistical analysis and visualization of data of non-fullerene small molecule acceptors from Harvard organic photovoltaic database. Structural similarity analysis with famous non-fullerene small molecule acceptors to search new building blocks. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Haroon M, Akhtar T, Khalid M, Zahra SS, Haq IU, Assiri MA, Imran M, Braga AA. Synthesized thiazole-based hydrazides and their spectral characterization along with biological studies: Promising quantum chemical insights. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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18
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Shahzad Munawar K, Ali S, Ashfaq M, Nawaz Tahir M, Muhammad S, Alarfaji SS, Ahmed G, Al‐Sehemi AG. Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure and Computational Study of Third‐Order NLO Properties of Schiff bases. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Shahzad Munawar
- Institute of Chemistry University of Sargodha Sargodha 40100 Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry University of Mianwali Mianwali 42200 Pakistan
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Chemistry Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department of Physics University of Sargodha Sargodha 40100 Pakistan
| | | | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry College of Science King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh S. Alarfaji
- Department of Chemistry College of Science King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Gulzar Ahmed
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Chemistry University of Mianwali Mianwali 42200 Pakistan
| | - Abdullah G. Al‐Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry College of Science King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
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19
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Khalid M, Anwer W, Adeel M, Shafiq Z, Braga AAC, Assiri MA, Imran M, Ullah A. Exploration of the interesting photovoltaic behavior of the fused benzothiophene dioxide moiety as a core donor with modification in acceptors for high-efficacy organic solar cells. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29010-29021. [PMID: 36320741 PMCID: PMC9552528 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04473k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-fullerene-based chromophores with end-capped acceptor modification used in organic solar cells (OSCs) have proven to offer improved performance. Therefore, eight unique benzothiophene-based molecules (D2-D9) were designed by the end-capped acceptor manipulation of a reference molecule (R1). Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations at the B3LYP level were performed to investigate various parameters such as the optical properties, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), transition density matrix (TDM), binding energy, density of states (DOS), open-circuit voltage (V oc), and reorganization energies of electrons (λ e) and holes (λ h), to better understand the optoelectronic properties of the newly designed compounds. All the derivatives had broader absorption spectra of 737.562-700.555 nm with a reduced energy gap of 2.132-1.851 eV compared to those of the reference (719.082 nm), except for D8 and D9. A comparable value of V oc and lower reorganization energies were found in the derivatives compared to those of R1. Within the studied compounds, D3 was predicted to be a good optoelectronic material for environmentally friendly organic solar cells (EFOSCs) because of its superior optoelectronic capabilities, low-energy band gap (1.851 eV), highest λ max values of 794.516 and 744.784 nm in chloroform and the gas phase, respectively, and lowest transition energy (1.561 eV) than those of the reference and the other derivatives. Subsequently, end-capped acceptor modification was proven to be an effective method to achieve desired optoelectronic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information TechnologyRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan,Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information TechnologyRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan
| | - Wajeeha Anwer
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information TechnologyRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan,Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information TechnologyRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal UniversityDera Ismail KhanKhyber Pukhtoon KhwaPakistan
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 60800Pakistan
| | - Ataualpa A. C. Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São PauloAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748São Paulo05508-000Brazil
| | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid UniversityP. O. Box 9004Abha 61413Saudi Arabia,Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid UniversityP. O. Box 9004Abha 61514Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid UniversityP. O. Box 9004Abha 61413Saudi Arabia,Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid UniversityP. O. Box 9004Abha 61514Saudi Arabia
| | - Aman Ullah
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
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20
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Usman Khan M, Hussain R, Yaqoob J, Fayyaz ur Rehman M, Adnan Asghar M, Demir Kanmazalp S, Assiri MA, Imran M, Lu C, Safwan Akram M. Theoretical design and prediction of novel fluorene-based non-fullerene acceptors for environmentally friendly organic solar cell. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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21
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Machine Learning Assisted Prediction of Power Conversion Efficiency of All-Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells: A Data Visualization and Statistical Analysis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185905. [PMID: 36144642 PMCID: PMC9502131 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Organic solar cells are famous for their cheap solution processing. Their industrialization needs fast designing of efficient materials. For this purpose, testing of large number of materials is necessary. Machine learning is a better option due to cheaper prediction of power conversion efficiencies. In the present work, machine learning was used to predict power conversion efficiencies. Experimental data were collected from the literature to feed the machine learning models. A detailed data visualization analysis was performed to study the trends of the dataset. The relationship between descriptors and power conversion efficiency was quantitatively determined by Pearson correlations. The importance of features was also determined using feature importance analysis. More than 10 machine learning models were tried to find better models. Only the two best models (random forest regressor and bagging regressor) were selected for further analysis. The prediction ability of these models was high. The coefficient of determination (R2) values for the random forest regressor and bagging regressor models were 0.892 and 0.887, respectively. The Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) method was used to identify the impact of descriptors on the output of models.
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22
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Haseena S, Ravva MK. Theoretical studies on donor-acceptor based macrocycles for organic solar cell applications. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15043. [PMID: 36057668 PMCID: PMC9440932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We have designed a series of new conjugated donor-acceptor-based macrocyclic molecules using state-of-the-art computational methods. An alternating array of donors and acceptor moieties in these macrocycle molecules are considered to tune the electronic and optical properties. The geometrical, electronic, and optical properties of newly designed macrocyclic molecules are fully explored using various DFT methods. Five conjugated macrocycles of different sizes are designed considering various donor and acceptor units. The selected donor and acceptors, viz., thiophene (PT), benzodithiophene (BDT), dithienobenzodithiophene (DTBDT), diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), and benzothiazole (BT), are frequently found in high performing conjugated polymer for different organic electronic applications. To fully assess the potential of these designed macrocyclic derivatives, analyses of frontier molecular orbital energies, excited state energies, energy difference between singlet-triplet states, exciton binding energies, rate constants related to charge transfer at the donor-acceptor interfaces, and electron mobilities have been carried out. We found significant structural and electronic properties changes between cyclic compounds and their linear counterparts. Overall, the cyclic conjugated D-A macrocycles' promising electronic and optical properties suggest that these molecules can be used to replace linear polymer molecules with cyclic conjugated oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheik Haseena
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University-AP, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522240, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar Ravva
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University-AP, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522240, India.
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23
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Khan MU, Imran. M, Rehman MFU, Assiri MA, Mashhadi SMA, Akram MS, Lu C. Evaluating Zn-Porphyrin-Based Near-IR-Sensitive Non-Fullerene Acceptors for Efficient Panchromatic Organic Solar Cells. ChemistryOpen 2022; 11:e202200047. [PMID: 35997083 PMCID: PMC9396630 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyrin-based non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have shown pronounced potential for assembling low-bandgap materials with near-infrared (NIR) characteristics. Herein, panchromatic-type porphyrin-based molecules (POR1-POR5) are proposed by modulating end-capped acceptors of a highly efficient porphyrin-based NFA PORTFIC(POR) for organic solar cells (OSCs). Quantum chemical structure-property relationship has been studied to discover photovoltaic and optoelectronic characteristics of POR1-POR5. Results show that optoelectronic properties of the POR1-POR5 are better in all aspects when compared with the reference POR. All proposed NFAs particularly POR5 proved to be the preferable porphyrin-based NIR sensitive NFA for OSCs applications owing to lower energy gap (1.56 eV), transition energy (1.11 eV), binding energy (Eb =0.986 eV), electron mobility (λe =0.007013Eh ), hole mobility (λh =0.004686 Eh ), high λmax =1116.27 nm and open-circuit voltage (Voc =1.96 V) values in contrast to the reference POR and other proposed NFAs. This quantum chemical insight provides sufficient evidence about excellent potential of the proposed porphyrin-based NIR sensitive NFA derivatives for their use in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Khan
- Department of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua UniversityShanghai201620P.R. China
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OkaraOkara56300Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran.
- Research Center for Advanced MaterialsKing Khalid UniversityP.O. Box 9004Abha61514Saudi Arabia
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityP.O. Box 9004Abha61413Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- Research Center for Advanced MaterialsKing Khalid UniversityP.O. Box 9004Abha61514Saudi Arabia
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityP.O. Box 9004Abha61413Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhammad Safwan Akram
- School of Health and Life SciencesTeesside UniversityMiddlesbroughTS1 3BAUK
- National Horizons CentreTeesside UniversityDarlingtonDL1 1HGUK
| | - Changrui Lu
- Department of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua UniversityShanghai201620P.R. China
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24
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Akram W, Nadeem E, Ayub K, Iqbal J, Al-Buriahi M, Alomairy S, Katubi KM, Ibraheem AA. Enhanced Non-Linear Optical Response of Alkali Metal-Doped Nitrogenated Holey Graphene (C2N). J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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25
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Arshad M, Shafiq I, Khalid M, Asiri AM. Exploration of the Intriguing Photovoltaic Behavior for Fused Indacenodithiophene-Based A-D-A Conjugated Systems: A DFT Model Study. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:11606-11617. [PMID: 35449987 PMCID: PMC9017102 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Many researchers are engaged nowadays in developing efficient photovoltaic materials to accomplish the demand of modern technology. Nonfullerene small molecular acceptors (NF-SMAs) show potential photovoltaic performance, accelerating the development of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, the first theoretical designing of a series of indacenodithiophene-based (IDIC1-IDIC6) acceptor chromophores was done by structural tailoring with various well-known acceptors from the recently synthesized IDICR molecule. For the selection of the best level of density functional theory (DFT), various functionals such as B3LYP, M06-2X, CAM-B3LYP, and ωB97XD with the 6-311G(d,p) basis set were used for the UV-visible analysis of IDICR. Consequently, UV-visible results revealed that an interesting agreement was found between experimental and DFT-based values at the B3LYP level. Therefore, quantum chemical investigations were executed at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level to evaluate the photovoltaic and optoelectronic properties. Structural tailoring with various acceptors resulted in a narrowing of the energy gap (2.245-2.070 eV) with broader absorption spectra (750.919-660.544 nm). An effective transfer of charge toward lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) from highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) was studied, which played a crucial role in conducting materials. Further, open circuit voltage (V oc) analysis was performed with respect to HOMO PBDB-T -LUMOACCEPTOR, and all of the derivatives exhibited a comparable value of voltage with that of the parent chromophore. Lower reorganization energies in titled chromophores for holes and electrons were examined, which indicated the higher rate of mobility of charges. Interestingly, all of the designed chromophores exhibited a preferable optoelectronic response compared to the reference molecule. Therefore, this computed framework demonstrates that conceptualized chromophores are preferable and might be used to build high-performance organic solar cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Nadeem Arshad
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203, Saudi
Arabia
- Center
of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Iqra Shafiq
- Department
of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department
of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- , ,
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203, Saudi
Arabia
- Center
of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203, Saudi
Arabia
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Influence of acceptor tethering on the performance of nonlinear optical properties for pyrene-based materials with A-π-D-π-D architecture. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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