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Jameie M, Ahli B, Ghadir S, Azami M, Amanollahi M, Ebadi R, Rafati A, Naser Moghadasi A. The hidden link: How oral and respiratory microbiomes affect multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 88:105742. [PMID: 38964239 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research has explored the role of gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the impact of microbial communities in the oral cavity and respiratory tract on MS is an emerging area of investigation. PURPOSE We aimed to review the current literature related to the nasal, oral, and lung microbiota in people with MS (PwMS). METHODS We conducted a narrative review of clinical and preclinical original studies on PubMed that explored the relationship between the bacterial or viral composition of the nasal, lung, and oral microbiota and MS. Additionally, to find relevant studies not retrieved initially, we also searched for references in related review papers, as well as the references cited within the included studies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Thirteen studies were meticulously reviewed in three sections; oral microbiota (n = 8), nasal microbiota (n = 3), and lung microbiota (n = 2), highlighting considerable alterations in the oral and respiratory microbiome of PwMS compared to healthy controls (HCs). Genera like Aggregatibacter and Streptococcus were less abundant in the oral microbiota of PwMS compared to HCs, while Staphylococcus, Leptotrichia, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroides showed increased abundance in PwMS. Additionally, the presence of specific bacteria, including Streptococcus sanguinis, within the oral microbiota was suggested to influence Epstein-Barr virus reactivation, a well-established risk factor for MS. Studies related to the nasal microbiome indicated elevated levels of specific Staphylococcus aureus toxins, as well as nasal glial cell infection with human herpes virus (HHV)-6 in PwMS. Emerging research on lung microbiome in animal models demonstrated that manipulating the lung microbiome towards lipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria might suppress MS symptoms. These findings open avenues for potential therapeutic strategies. However, further research is crucial to fully understand the complex interactions between the microbiome and MS. This will help identify the most effective timing, bacterial strains, and modulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Jameie
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Ahli
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ghadir
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mobin Azami
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mobina Amanollahi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ebadi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rafati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bartak H, Fareh T, Ben Othman N, Viard D, Cohen M, Rocher F, Ewig E, Drici MD, Lebrun-Frenay C. Dental Adverse Effects of Anti-CD20 Therapies. Neurol Ther 2024; 13:917-930. [PMID: 38668835 PMCID: PMC11136893 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-024-00616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past few years, anti-CD20 therapies like rituximab, ocrelizumab or ofatumumab have seen an increase in interest in the treatment of neurological autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), or resistant forms of generalized myasthenia gravis (MG). They are generally well-tolerated, but recent reports have highlighted severe dental disorders in patients undergoing anti-CD20 therapies. The aim was to describe a series of cases and to compare with the available scientific literature. METHODS We reviewed 6 patient cases with dental disorders during anti-CD20 therapy that were reported to the pharmacovigilance center. A disproportionality analysis was also conducted on Vigibase® for each anti-CD20 and each adverse effect described in the cases. RESULTS Six cases of dental and gingival conditions in relatively young patients were reported (median age: 40.5 years old [min: 34; max: 79]). Oral conditions were developed in four patients with MS treated with ocrelizumab and in two patients receiving rituximab (one patient with MG and one with NMOSD). The onset of oral conditions ranged from 10 days to 2 years after treatment initiation. Notably, all patients treated with ocrelizumab experienced gingival recession. Various dental pathologies were observed, including tooth loss, dental pain, caries, brittle teeth, dental fractures, dental abscesses, and periodontitis. Analysis of Vigibase® revealed 284 worldwide cases of dental and gingival conditions under ocrelizumab, 386 cases under rituximab, and 80 under ofatumumab. Significant associations were found between these therapies and dental pathologies, particularly tooth abscesses and infections. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first case series reporting dental conditions developed in patients long-term treated with anti-CD20 treatments. This issue, literature data, and Vigilyze® analysis might be considered a safety signal that necessitates being confirmed with more robust data, such as a retrospective study with a control group. Meanwhile, proactive measures are essential like frequent dental checkups and dental hygienic measures to prevent oral health problems associated with anti-CD20 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Bartak
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Center of Nice, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Tasnim Fareh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Center of Nice, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Nouha Ben Othman
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Center of Nice, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Delphine Viard
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Center of Nice, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Mikael Cohen
- Neurology MS Clinic, UMR2CA-URRIS, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Fanny Rocher
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Center of Nice, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Elliot Ewig
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Center of Nice, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Milou-Daniel Drici
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Center of Nice, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France.
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Boussamet L, Montassier E, Mathé C, Garcia A, Morille J, Shah S, Dugast E, Wiertlewski S, Gourdel M, Bang C, Stürner KH, Masson D, Nicot AB, Vince N, Laplaud DA, Feinstein DL, Berthelot L. Investigating the metabolite signature of an altered oral microbiota as a discriminant factor for multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7786. [PMID: 38565581 PMCID: PMC10987558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), alterations of the gut microbiota lead to inflammation. However, the role of other microbiomes in the body in MS has not been fully elucidated. In a pilot case-controlled study, we carried out simultaneous characterization of faecal and oral microbiota and conducted an in-depth analysis of bacterial alterations associated with MS. Using 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolic inference tools, we compared the oral/faecal microbiota and bacterial metabolism pathways in French MS patients (n = 14) and healthy volunteers (HV, n = 21). A classification model based on metabolite flux balance was established and validated in an independent German cohort (MS n = 12, HV n = 38). Our analysis revealed decreases in diversity indices and oral/faecal compartmentalization, the depletion of commensal bacteria (Aggregatibacter and Streptococcus in saliva and Coprobacter and Roseburia in faeces) and enrichment of inflammation-associated bacteria in MS patients (Leptotrichia and Fusobacterium in saliva and Enterobacteriaceae and Actinomyces in faeces). Several microbial pathways were also altered (the polyamine pathway and remodelling of bacterial surface antigens and energetic metabolism) while flux balance analysis revealed associated alterations in metabolite production in MS (nitrogen and nucleoside). Based on this analysis, we identified a specific oral metabolite signature in MS patients, that could discriminate MS patients from HV and rheumatoid arthritis patients. This signature allowed us to create and validate a discrimination model on an independent cohort, which reached a specificity of 92%. Overall, the oral and faecal microbiomes were altered in MS patients. This pilot study highlights the need to study the oral microbiota and oral health implications in patients with autoimmune diseases on a larger scale and suggests that knowledge of the salivary microbiome could help guide the identification of new pathogenic mechanisms associated with the microbiota in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Boussamet
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CHU de Nantes, CR2TI (Center for Research On Transplantation and Translational Immunology), 30 Bd Jean Monnet, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Montassier
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CHU de Nantes, CR2TI (Center for Research On Transplantation and Translational Immunology), 30 Bd Jean Monnet, 44000, Nantes, France
- Emergency Department, Nantes Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Camille Mathé
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CHU de Nantes, CR2TI (Center for Research On Transplantation and Translational Immunology), 30 Bd Jean Monnet, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Alexandra Garcia
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CHU de Nantes, CR2TI (Center for Research On Transplantation and Translational Immunology), 30 Bd Jean Monnet, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Jérémy Morille
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CHU de Nantes, CR2TI (Center for Research On Transplantation and Translational Immunology), 30 Bd Jean Monnet, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Sita Shah
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CHU de Nantes, CR2TI (Center for Research On Transplantation and Translational Immunology), 30 Bd Jean Monnet, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Emilie Dugast
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CHU de Nantes, CR2TI (Center for Research On Transplantation and Translational Immunology), 30 Bd Jean Monnet, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Sandrine Wiertlewski
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CHU de Nantes, CR2TI (Center for Research On Transplantation and Translational Immunology), 30 Bd Jean Monnet, 44000, Nantes, France
- Neurology Department, Nantes Hospital, Nantes, France
| | | | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Klarissa H Stürner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Damien Masson
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Nantes Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Arnaud B Nicot
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CHU de Nantes, CR2TI (Center for Research On Transplantation and Translational Immunology), 30 Bd Jean Monnet, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Vince
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CHU de Nantes, CR2TI (Center for Research On Transplantation and Translational Immunology), 30 Bd Jean Monnet, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - David-Axel Laplaud
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CHU de Nantes, CR2TI (Center for Research On Transplantation and Translational Immunology), 30 Bd Jean Monnet, 44000, Nantes, France
- Neurology Department, Nantes Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Douglas L Feinstein
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 835 South Wolcott Ave, MC513, E720, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Laureline Berthelot
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CHU de Nantes, CR2TI (Center for Research On Transplantation and Translational Immunology), 30 Bd Jean Monnet, 44000, Nantes, France.
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Olejnik P, Buczma K, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A, Kasarełło K. Involvement of gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis-review of a new pathophysiological hypothesis and potential treatment target. Immunol Res 2024:10.1007/s12026-024-09471-y. [PMID: 38446328 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to demyelination and damage to the central nervous system. It is well known, the significance of the involvement and influence of the immune system in the development and course of MS. Nowadays, more and more studies are demonstrating that an important factor that affects the action of the immune system is the gut microbiota. Changes in the composition and interrelationships in the gut microbiota have a significant impact on the course of MS. Dysbiosis affects the disease course mainly by influencing the immune system directly but also by modifying the secreted metabolites and increasing mucosal permeability. The essential metabolites affecting the course of MS are short-chain fatty acids, which alter pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in the immune system but also increase the permeability of the intestinal wall and the blood-brain barrier. Dietary modification alone can have a significant impact on MS. Based on these interactions, new treatments for MS are being developed, including probiotics administration, supplementation of bacterial metabolites, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary changes. Further studies may serve to develop new drugs and therapeutic approaches for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Olejnik
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kasper Buczma
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kaja Kasarełło
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Tsai CC, Jette S, Tremlett H. Disease-modifying therapies used to treat multiple sclerosis and the gut microbiome: a systematic review. J Neurol 2024; 271:1108-1123. [PMID: 38078977 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome may play a role in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, its relationship with the disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) remains unclear. We systematically reviewed the literature to examine the relationship between DMTs and the gut microbiota among persons with MS (pwMS). METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched (01/2007-09/2022) for studies evaluating potential gut microbiota differences in diversity, taxonomic relative abundances, and functional capacity between DMT-exposed/unexposed pwMS or before/after DMT initiation. All US FDA-approved MS DMTs (1993-09/2022) and rituximab were included. RESULTS Of the 410 studies, 11 were included, totalling 1243 pwMS. Of these, 821 were DMT exposed and 473 unexposed, including 51 assessed before/after DMT initiation. DMT use duration ranged from 14 days to > 6 months. No study found a difference in gut microbiota alpha-diversity between DMT exposed/unexposed (p > 0.05). One study observed a difference in beta-diversity between interferon-beta users/DMT non-users (weighted UniFrac, p = 0.006). All studies examined taxa-level differences, but most (6) combined different DMTs. Two or more studies reported eight genera (Actinomyces, Bacteroides, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Haemophilus, Megasphaera, Pseudomonas, Ruminiclostridium 5, Turicibacter) and one species (Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans) differing in the same direction between DMT exposed/unexposed. DMT users had lower relative abundances of carbohydrate degradation and reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle I pathway than non-users (p < 0.05), but findings could not be attributed to a specific DMT. DISCUSSION While DMT use (versus no use) was not associated with gut microbiota diversity differences, taxa-level differences were observed. Further work is warranted, as most studies were cross-sectional, few examined functionality, and DMTs were combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Tsai
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Room S126, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sophia Jette
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Room S126, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Helen Tremlett
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Room S126, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
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Jank L, Bhargava P. Relationship Between Multiple Sclerosis, Gut Dysbiosis, and Inflammation: Considerations for Treatment. Neurol Clin 2024; 42:55-76. [PMID: 37980123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is associated with gut dysbiosis, marked by changes in the relative abundances of specific microbes, circulating gut-derived metabolites, and altered gut permeability. This gut dysbiosis promotes disease pathology by increasing circulating proinflammatory bacterial factors, reducing tolerogenic factors, inducing molecular mimicry, and changing microbial nutrient metabolism. Beneficial antiinflammatory effects of the microbiome can be harnessed in therapeutic interventions. In the future, it is essential to assess the efficacy of these therapies in randomized controlled clinical trials to help make dietary and gut dysbiosis management an integral part of multiple sclerosis care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Jank
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 6-144, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Pavan Bhargava
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 6-144, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Troci A, Philippen S, Rausch P, Rave J, Weyland G, Niemann K, Jessen K, Schmill LP, Aludin S, Franke A, Berg D, Bang C, Bartsch T. Disease- and stage-specific alterations of the oral and fecal microbiota in Alzheimer's disease. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgad427. [PMID: 38205031 PMCID: PMC10776369 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Microbial communities in the intestinal tract are suggested to impact the ethiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The human microbiome might modulate neuroinflammatory processes and contribute to neurodegeneration in AD. However, the microbial compositions in patients with AD at different stages of the disease are still not fully characterized. We used 16S rRNA analyses to investigate the oral and fecal microbiota in patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 84), at-risk individuals (APOE4 carriers; n = 17), and healthy controls (n = 50) and investigated the relationship of microbial communities and disease-specific markers via multivariate- and network-based approaches. We found a slightly decreased diversity in the fecal microbiota of patients with AD (average Chao1 diversity for AD = 212 [SD = 66]; for controls = 215 [SD = 55]) and identified differences in bacterial abundances including Bacteroidetes, Ruminococcus, Sutterella, and Porphyromonadaceae. The diversity in the oral microbiota was increased in patients with AD and at-risk individuals (average Chao1 diversity for AD = 174 [SD = 60], for at-risk group = 195 [SD = 49]). Gram-negative proinflammatory bacteria including Haemophilus, Neisseria, Actinobacillus, and Porphyromonas were dominant oral bacteria in patients with AD and MCI and the abundance correlated with the cerebrospinal fluid biomarker. Taken together, we observed a strong shift in the fecal and the oral communities of patients with AD already prominent in prodromal and, in case of the oral microbiota, in at-risk stages. This indicates stage-dependent alterations in oral and fecal microbiota in AD which may contribute to the pathogenesis via a facilitated intestinal and systemic inflammation leading to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Troci
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sarah Philippen
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Philipp Rausch
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julius Rave
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Gina Weyland
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Katharina Niemann
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Katharina Jessen
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Lars-Patrick Schmill
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Schekeb Aludin
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bartsch
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
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Buccellato FR, Galimberti D, Tartaglia GM. Beyond dentistry: could prevention and screening for neurodegenerative diseases start in the dental office? Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:156-157. [PMID: 37488860 PMCID: PMC10479844 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca R. Buccellato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca M. Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Del Negro I, Pez S, Versace S, Marziali A, Gigli GL, Tereshko Y, Valente M. Impact of Disease-Modifying Therapies on Gut-Brain Axis in Multiple Sclerosis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 60:6. [PMID: 38276041 PMCID: PMC10818907 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, autoimmune-mediated, demyelinating disease whose pathogenesis remains to be defined. In past years, in consideration of a constantly growing number of patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, the impacts of different environmental factors in the pathogenesis of the disease have been largely studied. Alterations in gut microbiome composition and intestinal barrier permeability have been suggested to play an essential role in the regulation of autoimmunity. Thus, increased efforts are being conducted to demonstrate the complex interplay between gut homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Numerous results confirm that disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) used for the treatment of MS, in addition to their immunomodulatory effect, could exert an impact on the intestinal microbiota, contributing to the modulation of the immune response itself. However, to date, the direct influence of these treatments on the microbiota is still unclear. This review intends to underline the impact of DMTs on the complex system of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in patients with multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Del Negro
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Sara Pez
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Salvatore Versace
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marziali
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Gigli
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Yan Tereshko
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Valente
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Galloway-Peña JR, Jobin C. Microbiota Influences on Hematopoiesis and Blood Cancers: New Horizons? Blood Cancer Discov 2023; 4:267-275. [PMID: 37052501 PMCID: PMC10320642 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-22-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis governs the generation of immune cells through the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) into various progenitor cells, a process controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Among extrinsic factors influencing hematopoiesis is the microbiota, or the collection of microorganisms present in various body sites. The microbiota has a profound impact on host homeostasis by virtue of its ability to release various molecules and structural components, which promote normal organ function. In this review, we will discuss the role of microbiota in influencing hematopoiesis and how disrupting the microbiota/host network could lead to hematologic malignancies, as well as highlight important knowledge gaps to move this field of research forward. SIGNIFICANCE Microbiota dysfunction is associated with many pathologic conditions, including hematologic malignancies. In this review, we discuss the role of microbiota in influencing hematopoiesis and how disrupting the microbiota/host network could lead to hematologic malignancies. Understanding how the microbiota influences hematologic malignancies could have an important therapeutic impact for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Galloway-Peña
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Shim JA, Ryu JH, Jo Y, Hong C. The role of gut microbiota in T cell immunity and immune mediated disorders. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:1178-1191. [PMID: 36923929 PMCID: PMC10008692 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.79430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota was only considered as a commensal organism that aids in digestion, but recent studies revealed that the microbiome play a critical role in both physiological and pathological immune system. The gut microbiome composition is altered by environmental factors such as diet and hygiene, and the alteration affects immune cells, especially T cells. Advanced genomic techniques in microbiome research defined that specific microbes regulate T cell responses and the pathogenesis of immune-mediated disorders. Here, we review features of specific microbes-T cell crosstalk and relationship between the microbes and immunopathogenesis of diseases including in cancers, autoimmune disorders and allergic inflammations. We also discuss the limitations of current experimental animal models, cutting-edge developments and current challenges to overcome in the field, and the possibility of considering gut microbiome in the development of new drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju A Shim
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ha Ryu
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.,PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Jo
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwan Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.,PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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Mousa WK, Chehadeh F, Husband S. Microbial dysbiosis in the gut drives systemic autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:906258. [PMID: 36341463 PMCID: PMC9632986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microbes survive and thrive inside the human body. These tiny creatures are crucial to the development and maturation of our immune system and to maintain gut immune homeostasis. Microbial dysbiosis is the main driver of local inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as colitis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Dysbiosis in the gut can also drive systemic autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatic arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Gut microbes directly interact with the immune system by multiple mechanisms including modulation of the host microRNAs affecting gene expression at the post-transcriptional level or production of microbial metabolites that interact with cellular receptors such as TLRs and GPCRs. This interaction modulates crucial immune functions such as differentiation of lymphocytes, production of interleukins, or controlling the leakage of inflammatory molecules from the gut to the systemic circulation. In this review, we compile and analyze data to gain insights into the underpinning mechanisms mediating systemic autoimmune diseases. Understanding how gut microbes can trigger or protect from systemic autoimmune diseases is crucial to (1) tackle these diseases through diet or lifestyle modification, (2) develop new microbiome-based therapeutics such as prebiotics or probiotics, (3) identify diagnostic biomarkers to predict disease risk, and (4) observe and intervene with microbial population change with the flare-up of autoimmune responses. Considering the microbiome signature as a crucial player in systemic autoimmune diseases might hold a promise to turn these untreatable diseases into manageable or preventable ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa K. Mousa
- Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Fadia Chehadeh
- Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
| | - Shannon Husband
- Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
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