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Catania AM, Stella MC, Cimino F, Zoppi S, Grego E. Sulfonamide resistance evaluation in five animal species and first report of sul4 in companion animals. Vet Microbiol 2024; 296:110170. [PMID: 39029236 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Sulfonamides are one of the oldest groups of antibacterial agents with a broad-spectrum, used as first line treatment in bacterial infections. Their widespread use produced a selective pressure on bacteria, as observed by the high incidence of sulfonamides resistance mainly in Gram negative bacteria isolated from animals. In this research, the presence of sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3, and sul4) in phenotypically resistant Escherichia coli isolates has been studied. These genes were amplified in isolates recovered from five animal species, with different interactions to humans: cattle, swine, poultry as livestock, and dogs and cats as companion animals. Isolates were collected according to their phenotypic resistance, and the magnetic bead-based Luminex technology was applied to simultaneously detect sul target genes. The frequency of sul genes was highest in swine, among livestock isolates. The sul1 and sul2 were the most frequently sulfonamide resistance genes detected in all phenotypically resistant isolates. Notably, in companion animals, with a closest interaction with human, sul4 gene was detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of sul4 gene in E. coli collected from animals, whereas previously the presence of this gene was reported in environmental, municipal wastewater and human clinical isolates. These results highlighted the importance of continuous antimicrobial resistant genes monitoring in animal species, with a special care to companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Catania
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, Torino, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Stella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, Torino, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Francesca Cimino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, Torino 10154, Italy
| | - Simona Zoppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, Torino 10154, Italy
| | - Elena Grego
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, Torino, Grugliasco 10095, Italy.
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2
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Patel SS, Patel AC, Mohapatra SK, Chauhan HC, Sharma KK, Shrimali MD, Raval SH, Prajapati BI. Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Gene Patterns Associated with Multi Drug Resistant Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) Isolated from Broiler Chickens in India. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:917-926. [PMID: 39282195 PMCID: PMC11399534 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a total of 102 samples were collected from chickens of different flocks, died due to suspected colibacillosis. Bacteriological and PCR methods were applied to detect avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was determined by disk diffusion method. Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) detection was carried out via PCR by targeting blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, and blaCTX-M groups 1, 2, and 9. Genes of eight virulence factors and class I integrons were also detected by PCR using gene specific primers. Culture, microscopic, biochemical tests and PCR recognised 69/102 (67.64%) samples as E. coli. Phenotypic AST revealed higher resistance against fluoroquinolone antibiotics, i.e., enrofloxacin (72.46%), levofloxacin (69.56%) & ciprofloxacin (66.66%), followed by amoxyclav (63.77%) and tetracycline (59.42%). Six isolates were found as pan-drug-resistant E. coli. A total of 48 (69.56%) and 7 (10.14%) isolates were positive for the presence of blaTEM and blaCTX-M-G9 genes, respectively, whereas 2 (2.90%) isolates each were found positive for blaSHV, blaOXA, and blaCTX-M-G1 genes. Among APEC associated virulence genes, iss (79.71%) was the most predominant, followed by tsh (50.72%), ast (30.43%), cvaf (26.08%), pap (23.18%), vat (8.69%) and stx-1 (1.44%). Thirty-two isolates harboured class I integrons, either with or without ESBL genes. Conclusively, the isolates under study showed pan and multiple-drug resistance, specifically against fluoroquinolone drugs. ESBL production was mediated principally through bla TEM and blaCTX-M-G9. Multiple virulence factors, toxins, and carriage & spread factor render these as zoonotically potential pathogens for humans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-023-01132-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip S Patel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar- Dantiwada, Banaskantha, Gujarat 385506 India
| | - Arun C Patel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar- Dantiwada, Banaskantha, Gujarat 385506 India
| | - Sushil K Mohapatra
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar- Dantiwada, Banaskantha, Gujarat 385506 India
| | - Harshad C Chauhan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar- Dantiwada, Banaskantha, Gujarat 385506 India
| | - Kishan K Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar- Dantiwada, Banaskantha, Gujarat 385506 India
| | - Mehul D Shrimali
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar- Dantiwada, Banaskantha, Gujarat 385506 India
| | - Samir H Raval
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar- Dantiwada, Banaskantha, Gujarat 385506 India
| | - Bhavesh I Prajapati
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar- Dantiwada, Banaskantha, Gujarat 385506 India
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3
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Foysal M, Imam T, Das SB, Gibson JS, Mahmud R, Gupta SD, Fournié G, Hoque MA, Henning J. Association between antimicrobial usage and resistance on commercial broiler and layer farms in Bangladesh. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1435111. [PMID: 39268518 PMCID: PMC11390387 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1435111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a significant health problem worldwide, including in Bangladesh, where chickens are an important protein source for human nutrition. One of the factors accelerating the development of antimicrobial resistance is the inappropriate use of antimicrobials on commercial chicken farms. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 140 commercial chicken farms in the Chattogram district of Bangladesh to investigate the association between antimicrobial use and resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. cultured from cloacal swabs of chickens and from the poultry shed environment. All E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolates were resistant to multiple antimicrobial classes, including those categorized as "Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials" for human medicine. Notably, resistance was observed in E. coli isolates from farms that did not use these antimicrobial classes in the current production cycle. For example, although quinolones were not used on 43.9% of E. coli positive farms, 95.7% of these farms had quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates. The results of the path analysis revealed that there was a "direct effect" of the frequency of antimicrobial usage on "high" resistance, with resistance increasing when antimicrobials were administered more frequently (β = 0.28, p = 0.002). There was a "direct effect" of the purpose of antimicrobial use on "low" resistance, with resistance marginally decreasing when antimicrobials were administered solely for therapeutic use (β = -0.17, p = 0.062), but increasing when they were used prophylactically. Overall, the study results could be used to educate farmers on better practices for antimicrobial administration, and to guide government agencies to update policies on antimicrobial use and resistance surveillance in the poultry sector of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Foysal
- Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Tasneem Imam
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Shetu B Das
- Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Justine S Gibson
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Rashed Mahmud
- Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Suman D Gupta
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Guillaume Fournié
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Md Ahasanul Hoque
- Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Joerg Henning
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
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Pilati GVT, Salles GBC, Savi BP, Dahmer M, Muniz EC, Filho VB, Elois MA, Souza DSM, Fongaro G. Isolation and Characterization of Escherichia coli from Brazilian Broilers. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1463. [PMID: 39065231 PMCID: PMC11279037 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis, one of the main diseases leading to economic losses in industrial poultry farming due to high morbidity and mortality and its role in the condemnation of chicken carcasses. This study aimed to isolate and characterize APEC obtained from necropsied chickens on Brazilian poultry farms. Samples from birds already necropsied by routine inspection were collected from 100 batches of broiler chickens from six Brazilian states between August and November 2021. Three femurs were collected per batch, and characteristic E. coli colonies were isolated on MacConkey agar and characterized by qualitative PCR for minimal predictive APEC genes, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole genome sequencing to identify species, serogroups, virulence genes, and resistance genes. Phenotypic resistance indices revealed significant resistance to several antibiotics from different antimicrobial classes. The isolates harbored virulence genes linked to APEC pathogenicity, including adhesion, iron acquisition, serum resistance, and toxins. Aminoglycoside resistance genes were detected in 79.36% of isolates, 74.6% had sulfonamide resistance genes, 63.49% showed β-lactam resistance genes, and 49.2% possessed at least one tetracycline resistance gene. This study found a 58% prevalence of avian pathogenic E. coli in Brazilian poultry, with strains showing notable antimicrobial resistance to commonly used antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Von Tönnemann Pilati
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (G.V.T.P.); (G.B.C.S.); (B.P.S.); (M.D.); (M.A.E.); (D.S.M.S.)
| | - Gleidson Biasi Carvalho Salles
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (G.V.T.P.); (G.B.C.S.); (B.P.S.); (M.D.); (M.A.E.); (D.S.M.S.)
- Zoetis Industry of Veterinary Products LTDA, São Paulo 04709-111, Brazil;
| | - Beatriz Pereira Savi
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (G.V.T.P.); (G.B.C.S.); (B.P.S.); (M.D.); (M.A.E.); (D.S.M.S.)
| | - Mariane Dahmer
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (G.V.T.P.); (G.B.C.S.); (B.P.S.); (M.D.); (M.A.E.); (D.S.M.S.)
| | | | - Vilmar Benetti Filho
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (G.V.T.P.); (G.B.C.S.); (B.P.S.); (M.D.); (M.A.E.); (D.S.M.S.)
| | - Mariana Alves Elois
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (G.V.T.P.); (G.B.C.S.); (B.P.S.); (M.D.); (M.A.E.); (D.S.M.S.)
| | - Doris Sobral Marques Souza
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (G.V.T.P.); (G.B.C.S.); (B.P.S.); (M.D.); (M.A.E.); (D.S.M.S.)
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (G.V.T.P.); (G.B.C.S.); (B.P.S.); (M.D.); (M.A.E.); (D.S.M.S.)
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Leclercq SO, Bochereau P, Foubert I, Baumard Y, Travel A, Doublet B, Baucheron S. Persistence of commensal multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in the broiler production pyramid is best explained by strain recirculation from the rearing environment. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1406854. [PMID: 39035436 PMCID: PMC11259971 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1406854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of mitigation policies in several countries to reduce the use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine, pathogenic and commensal bacteria resistant to antibiotics are still circulating in livestock animals. However, factors contributing the most to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) persistence in these settings are yet not clearly identified. The broiler production, with its highly segmented, pyramidal structure offers an ideal context to understand and control the spread of resistant bacteria. By taking advantage of an experimental facility reproducing the whole broiler production pyramid, we demonstrate that resistant E. coli persist in our system primarily though recirculation of a few commensal clones surviving in the rearing environment. No vertical transmission from hens to offspring nor strain acquisition at the hatchery were detected, while import of new strains from outside the facility seems limited. Moreover, each clone carries its own resistance-conferring plasmid(s), and a single putative plasmid horizontal transfer could have been inferred. These results, observed for now in a small experimental facility with high level of biosecurity, must be confirmed in a commercial farm context but still provide invaluable information for future mitigation policies.
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Tayh G, Nsibi F, Chemli K, Daâloul-Jedidi M, Abbes O, Messadi L. Occurrence, antibiotic resistance and molecular characterisation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens in Tunisia. Br Poult Sci 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38967914 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2368906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
1. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains are associated with disease outbreaks which cause a public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of STEC strains, their virulence factors, phylogenetic groups and antimicrobial resistance profiles in broiler chickens.2. A total of 222 E.coli isolates were collected from the caecum of chickens intended to be slaughtered. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested against 21 antimicrobial agents and ESBL phenotype was assessed by double-disk synergy test. The presence of STEC virulence genes stx1, stx2,eaeA and ehxA was detected by PCR. The identification of STEC serogroups was realised by PCR amplification. Additive virulence genes, phylogenetic groups and integrons were examined among the STEC isolates.3. Out of 222 E.coli isolates, 72 (32%) were identified as STEC strains and the most predominant serogroups were O103, O145 and O157. Shiga toxin gene 1 (stx1) was found in 84.7% (61/72) of the STEC strains, and eae and stx2 were detected in 38.8% and 13.8%, respectively. The ESBL phenotype was documented in 48.6% (35/72) of isolates. Most of the isolates (90.3%) carried class 1 integron with the gene cassette encoding resistance to trimethoprim (dfrA) and streptomycin (aadA) in 31.9% of the isolates. Class 2 integron was identified in 36.1% of isolates.4. Broilers can be considered as a reservoir of STEC strains which have high virulence factors and integrons that might be transmitted to other chickens, environments and humans. It is important to undertake surveillance and efficient control measures in slaughterhouses and farms to control measures of STEC bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tayh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Manouba, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - F Nsibi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Manouba, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - K Chemli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Manouba, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - M Daâloul-Jedidi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Manouba, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - O Abbes
- DICK Company, Poulina Group Holding, Ben Arous, Tunisia
| | - L Messadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Manouba, Ariana, Tunisia
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Sinyawa T, Shawa M, Muuka GM, Goma F, Fandamu P, Chizimu JY, Khumalo CS, Mulavu M, Ngoma M, Chambaro HM, Kamboyi HK, Kajihara M, Sawa H, Suzuki Y, Higashi H, Mainda G, Munyeme M, Muma JB, Nyantakyi CO, Egyir B, Hang’ombe BM. Antimicrobial Use Survey and Detection of ESBL- Escherichia coli in Commercial and Medium-/Small-Scale Poultry Farms in Selected Districts of Zambia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:467. [PMID: 38786195 PMCID: PMC11118926 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Escherichia coli from food animals is a rising problem, and heavy antimicrobial use in poultry is a contributing factor. In Zambia, studies linking poultry-associated AMR and antibiotic use (AMU) are rare. This study aimed to investigate commercial and medium-/small-scale poultry farmers' usage of antimicrobials based on a questionnaire survey in ten districts of Zambia. In addition, the study characterized extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli isolates obtained from poultry in the same districts. Data regarding knowledge and usage of antimicrobials were collected from commercial and medium-/small-scale poultry farmers using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. At the same time, cloacal samples were collected and analyzed. One hundred and fifty E. coli isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using eight antibiotic classes. The isolates were further screened for ESBL production by streaking them on cefotaxime (CTX)-supplemented MacConkey agar, then subjecting them to sequencing on a NextSeq. The questionnaire survey showed that more medium-/small-scale than commercial poultry farmers used antimicrobials (OR = 7.70, 95% CI = 2.88-20.61) but less prescriptions (OR = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.00-0.08). Susceptibility testing revealed that resistance was highest to ampicillin (128/148, 86.5%) and tetracycline (101/136, 74.3%) and that the prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) (28/30, 93.3%) was high. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of eight (8/30, 26.7%) isolates with CTX Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) ≥ 4 µg/mL revealed the presence of ESBL-encoding genes blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-55, and blaTEM. WGS also detected other AMR genes for quinolones, aminoglycosides, phenicols, tetracycline, macrolides, and folate-pathway antagonists. Altogether, the questionnaire survey results showed a higher proportion of AMU and lower prescription usage among medium-/small-scale farmers. In addition, our results emphasize the circulation of ESBL-producing E. coli strains with associated MDR. It is critical to educate farmers about AMR risks and to encourage responsible usage of antimicrobials. Furthermore, there is a need to strengthen regulations limiting access to antimicrobials. Finally, there is a need to establish a one health system to guide public health response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taona Sinyawa
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Chilanga, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (T.S.); (M.N.); (H.M.C.)
| | - Misheck Shawa
- Hokudai Centre for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.S.); (M.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Geoffrey M. Muuka
- Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 15100, Zambia; (G.M.M.); (P.F.)
| | - Fusya Goma
- Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 15100, Zambia; (G.M.M.); (P.F.)
| | - Paul Fandamu
- Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 15100, Zambia; (G.M.M.); (P.F.)
| | - Joseph Yamweka Chizimu
- Zambia National Public Health Institute, Stand 1186, Coner of Chaholi and Addis Ababa Roads, Rhodes Park, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
| | - Cynthia Sipho Khumalo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
| | - Malala Mulavu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
| | - Masuzyo Ngoma
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Chilanga, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (T.S.); (M.N.); (H.M.C.)
| | - Herman Moses Chambaro
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Chilanga, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (T.S.); (M.N.); (H.M.C.)
| | - Harvey Kakoma Kamboyi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (H.K.K.); (H.H.)
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Hokudai Centre for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.S.); (M.K.); (H.S.)
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Hokudai Centre for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.S.); (M.K.); (H.S.)
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, N21 W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hideaki Higashi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (H.K.K.); (H.H.)
| | - Geoffrey Mainda
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Chaholi Road, Rhodes Park, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
| | - Musso Munyeme
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.M.); (J.B.M.)
| | - John Bwalya Muma
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.M.); (J.B.M.)
| | - Christian Owusu Nyantakyi
- Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana; (C.O.N.); (B.E.)
| | - Beverly Egyir
- Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana; (C.O.N.); (B.E.)
| | - Bernard Mudenda Hang’ombe
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Para-Clinical Studies, Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals (ACEIDHA), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
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Ramatla T, Ramaili T, Lekota K, Mileng K, Ndou R, Mphuthi M, Khasapane N, Syakalima M, Thekisoe O. Antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of Proteus mirabilis isolated from broiler chickens at abattoir in South Africa. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1371. [PMID: 38357843 PMCID: PMC10867704 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteus mirabilis has been identified as an important zoonotic pathogen, causing several illnesses such as diarrhoea, keratitis and urinary tract infections. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the prevalence of P. mirabilis in broiler chickens, its antibiotic resistance (AR) patterns, ESBL-producing P. mirabilis and the presence of virulence genes. METHODS A total of 26 isolates were confirmed as P. mirabilis from 480 pooled broiler chicken faecal samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial susceptibility test, while nine virulence genes and 26 AR genes were also screened by PCR. RESULTS All 26 P. mirabilis isolates harboured the ireA (siderophore receptors), ptA, and zapA (proteases), ucaA, pmfA, atfA, and mrpA (fimbriae), hlyA and hpmA (haemolysins) virulence genes. The P. mirabilis isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (62%) and levofloxacin (54%), while 8 (30.7%) of the isolates were classified as multidrug resistant (MDR). PCR analysis identified the blaCTX-M gene (62%), blaTEM (58%) and blaCTX-M-2 (38%). Further screening for AMR genes identified mcr-1, cat1, cat2, qnrA, qnrD and mecA, 12%, 19%, 12%, 54%, 27% and 8%, respectively for P. mirabilis isolates. The prevalence of the integron integrase intI1 and intI2 genes was 43% and 4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The rise of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance, as well as MDR strains, is a public health threat that points to a challenge in the treatment of infections caused by these zoonotic bacteria. Furthermore, because ESBL-producing P. mirabilis has the potential to spread to humans, the presence of blaCTX -M -producing P. mirabilis in broilers should be kept under control. This is the first study undertaken to isolate P. mirabilis from chicken faecal samples and investigate its antibiotic resistance status as well as virulence profiles in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsepo Ramatla
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
- Gastrointestinal Research UnitDepartment of SurgerySchool of Clinical MedicineUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Taole Ramaili
- Department of Animal Health, School of AgricultureNorth‐West UniversityMmabathoSouth Africa
| | - Kgaugelo Lekota
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
| | - Kealeboga Mileng
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
| | - Rendani Ndou
- Department of Animal Health, School of AgricultureNorth‐West UniversityMmabathoSouth Africa
| | - Malekoba Mphuthi
- Department of Animal Health, School of AgricultureNorth‐West UniversityMmabathoSouth Africa
| | - Ntelekwane Khasapane
- Department of Life SciencesCentre for Applied Food Safety and BiotechnologyCentral University of TechnologyBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Michelo Syakalima
- Department of Animal Health, School of AgricultureNorth‐West UniversityMmabathoSouth Africa
- Department of Disease ControlSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of ZambiaLusakaZambia
| | - Oriel Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
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9
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Ager EO, Carvalho T, Silva EM, Ricke SC, Hite JL. Global trends in antimicrobial resistance on organic and conventional farms. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22608. [PMID: 38114527 PMCID: PMC10730711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The important hypothesis that organic livestock management reduces the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance is either fiercely supported or bitterly contested. Yet, empirical evidence supporting this view remains fragmentary, in part because relationships between antimicrobial use and drug resistance vary dramatically across contexts, hosts, pathogens, and country-specific regulations. Here, we synthesize global policies and definitions of 'organic' and ask if organic farming results in notable reductions in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance when directly examined alongside conventional analogs. We synthesized the results of 72 studies, spanning 22 countries and five pathogens. Our results highlight substantial variations in country-specific policies on drug use and definitions of 'organic' that hinder broad-scale and generalizable patterns. Overall, conventional farms had slightly higher levels of antimicrobial resistance (28%) relative to organic counterparts (18%), although we found significant context-dependent variation in this pattern. Notably, environmental samples from organic and conventional farms often exhibited high levels of resistance to medically important drugs, underscoring the need for more stringent and consistent policies to control antimicrobial contaminants in the soil (particularly on organic farms, where the application of conventional manure could faciliate the spread antimicrobial resistance). Taken together, these results emphasize the challenges inherent in understanding links between drug use and drug resistance, the critical need for global standards governing organic policies, and greater investment in viable alternatives for managing disease in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldon O Ager
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Tamilie Carvalho
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Erin M Silva
- Center for Integrated Agricultural Systems, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jessica L Hite
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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10
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Christodoulou MK. Comparison of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Strains Isolated From Swine, Poultry, and Farm Workers in the Respective Livestock Farming Units in Greece. Cureus 2023; 15:e51073. [PMID: 38269216 PMCID: PMC10807698 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Human health is at risk because commensal intestinal bacteria in livestock have been developing increased antibiotic resistance, mainly due to antibiotics' extensive use in recent years. In this study, we compared the antibiotic resistance of E. coli strains isolated from fecal samples obtained from swine, poultry, and farm workers in the corresponding livestock farming units. The study aimed to investigate the correlation between the antibiotic resistance patterns of E. coli in livestock and in humans closely interacting with them. Antibiotic resistance is determined using the microdilution method, which measures the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for seven commonly used antimicrobial agents. Most E. coli isolates displayed significant resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin. Resistance to sulfamethoxazole was observed, too, in swine and swine farmers. In contrast, high resistance rates to nalidixic acid were observed in E. coli strains isolated from poultry and poultry farmers, with percentages of 66.7% and 50%, respectively. Furthermore, 31.57% of the isolated strains from swine and swine farmers were resistant to at least one antibiotic. In comparison, 44.44% of the poultry strains and 33.33% of the poultry farmers' strains were resistant to at least two antibiotics. Additionally, a high prevalence of multidrug resistance was observed among the E. coli strains isolated from all four categories. The study's results provide evidence that the use of antibiotics and the increased resistance of intestinal bacteria affect the resistance of intestinal bacteria in people working on farms. These findings highlight the potential role of antibiotic use in animals as a contributing factor to the development of antibiotic resistance in both animals and humans. Additionally, it suggests that individuals working on farms may be at an increased risk of acquiring antibiotic-resistant strains of E. coli due to their proximity to and interaction with animals.
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11
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Liu H, Pan S, Cheng Y, Luo L, Zhou L, Fan S, Wang L, Jiang S, Zhou Z, Liu H, Zhang S, Ren Z, Ma X, Cao S, Shen L, Wang Y, Cai D, Gou L, Geng Y, Peng G, Yan Q, Luo Y, Zhong Z. Distribution and associations for antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic resistance genes of Escherichia coli from musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) in Sichuan, China. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289028. [PMID: 38011149 PMCID: PMC10681177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and integrons in 157 Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains isolated from feces of captive musk deer from 2 farms (Dujiang Yan and Barkam) in Sichuan province. Result showed that 91.72% (144/157) strains were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and 24.20% (38/157) strains were multi-drug resistant (MDR). The antibiotics that most E. coli strains were resistant to was sulfamethoxazole (85.99%), followed by ampicillin (26.11%) and tetracycline (24.84%). We further detected 13 ARGs in the 157 E. coli strains, of which blaTEM had the highest occurrence (91.72%), followed by aac(3')-Iid (60.51%) and blaCTX-M (16.56%). Doxycycline, chloramphenicol, and ceftriaxone resistance were strongly correlated with the presence of tetB, floR and blaCTX-M, respectively. The strongest positive association among AMR phenotypes was ampicillin/cefuroxime sodium (OR, 828.000). The strongest positive association among 16 pairs of ARGs was sul1/floR (OR, 21.667). Nine pairs positive associations were observed between AMR phenotypes and corresponding resistance genes and the strongest association was observed for CHL/floR (OR, 301.167). Investigation of integrons revealed intl1 and intl2 genes were detected in 10.19% (16/157) and 1.27% (2/157) E. coli strains, respectively. Only one type of gene cassettes (drA17-aadA5) was detected in class 1 integron positive strains. Our data implied musk deer is a reservoir of ARGs and positive associations were common observed among E. coli strains carrying AMRs and ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Shulei Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuehong Cheng
- Sichuan Wolong National Natural Reserve Administration Bureau, Wenchuan, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Siping Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Liqin Wang
- The Chengdu Zoo, Institute of Wild Animals, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaoqi Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongjie Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Liping Gou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
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12
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Zhang S, Shu Y, Wang Y, Zhong Z, Wang M, Jia R, Chen S, Liu M, Zhu D, Zhao X, Wu Y, Yang Q, Huang J, Ou X, Mao S, Gao Q, Sun D, Tian B, Cheng A. High rate of multidrug resistance and integrons in Escherichia coli isolates from diseased ducks in select regions of China. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102956. [PMID: 37586192 PMCID: PMC10450990 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing number of ducks being raised and consumed, it is crucial to monitor the presence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria in duck farming. Waterfowl, such as ducks, can contribute to the rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), ARGs, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as IS26, tbrC, ISEcp1 in Escherichia coli(E. coli) isolated from the intestinal contents of diseased ducks between 2021 and 2022 in Sichuan, Chongqing and Anhui, China. The AMR phenotypes of 201 isolated E. coli strains were determined using the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) method. Subsequently, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing techniques were employed to screen for integron-integrase genes (intI1, intI2, intI3 genes), gene cassettes (GCs), MGEs, and ARGs. The results demonstrated that 96.5% of the E. coli isolates were resistant to at least 1 antibiotic, with 88.1% of the strains displaying MDR phenotype. The highest AMR phenotype observed was for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (88.1%). Furthermore, class 1 and class 2 integrons were detected in 68.2% and 3.0% of all the isolates, respectively, whereas no class 3 integrons were found. Ten types of GCs were identified in the variable regions of class 1 and class 2 integrons. Moreover, 10 MGEs were observed in 46 combinations, with IS26 exhibiting the highest detection rate (89.6%). Among the 22 types of ARGs, tetA (77.1%) was the most frequently detected. In the conjugational transfer experiment, transconjugants were found to carry specific ARGs and MGEs, with their MIC values were significantly higher than those of recipient E. coli J53, indicating their status as MDR bacteria. This study emphasizes the necessity of monitoring MGEs, ARGs, and integrons in duck farms. It provides valuable insights into the complex formation mechanisms of AMR and may aid in preventing and controlling the spread of MDR bacteria in waterfowl breeding farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaqiu Zhang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yanxi Shu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang, Sichuan 621023, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Shun Chen
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Juan Huang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Sai Mao
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Qun Gao
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Di Sun
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Bin Tian
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.
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13
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BABINES-OROZCO L, BALBUENA-ALONSO MG, BARRIOS-VILLA E, LOZANO-ZARAIN P, MARTÍNEZ-LAGUNA Y, DEL CARMEN ROCHA-GRACIA R, CORTÉS-CORTÉS G. Antimicrobial resistance in food-associated Escherichia coli in Mexico and Latin America. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2023; 43:4-12. [PMID: 38188662 PMCID: PMC10767319 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) considers antimicrobial resistance to be one of the critical global public health priorities to address. Escherichia coli is a commensal bacterium of the gut microbiota in humans and animals; however, some strains cause infections and are resistant to antibiotics. One of the most common ways of acquiring pathogenic E. coli strains is through food. This review analyzes multidrug-resistant E. coli isolated from food, emphasizing Latin America and Mexico, and the mobile genetic elements (MGEs) responsible for spreading antibiotic resistance determinants among bacteria in different environments and hosts. We conducted a systematic search of the literature published from 2015 to 2022 in open access databases and electronic repositories. The prevalence of 11 E. coli pathotypes was described, with diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes being the most frequently associated with foodborne illness in different Latin American countries, highlighting the presence of different antibiotic resistance genes mostly carried by IncF-type plasmids or class 1 integrons. Although the global incidence of foodborne illness is high, there have been few studies in Mexico and Latin America, which highlights the need to generate updated epidemiological data from the "One Health" approach, which allows monitoring of the multidrug-resistance phenomenon in E. coli from a common perspective in the interaction of human, veterinary, and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena BABINES-OROZCO
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en
Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de
Puebla. Instituto de Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, San Manuel C.P. 72570 Puebla,
México
| | - María Guadalupe BALBUENA-ALONSO
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en
Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de
Puebla. Instituto de Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, San Manuel C.P. 72570 Puebla,
México
| | - Edwin BARRIOS-VILLA
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias,
Unidad Regional Norte, Campus Caborca, Universidad de Sonora, Col. Eleazar Ortiz C.P.
83621 H. Caborca, Sonora, México
| | - Patricia LOZANO-ZARAIN
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en
Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de
Puebla. Instituto de Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, San Manuel C.P. 72570 Puebla,
México
| | - Ygnacio MARTÍNEZ-LAGUNA
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en
Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de
Puebla. Instituto de Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, San Manuel C.P. 72570 Puebla,
México
| | - Rosa DEL CARMEN ROCHA-GRACIA
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en
Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de
Puebla. Instituto de Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, San Manuel C.P. 72570 Puebla,
México
| | - Gerardo CORTÉS-CORTÉS
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en
Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de
Puebla. Instituto de Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, San Manuel C.P. 72570 Puebla,
México
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology,
University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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14
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Ramatla T, Ramaili T, Lekota KE, Ndou R, Mphuti N, Bezuidenhout C, Thekisoe O. A systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from water in africa (2000-2021). Heliyon 2023; 9:e16123. [PMID: 37274713 PMCID: PMC10238873 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Water is essential for the survival of humans, animals and plants. Numerous research has been conducted on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in water from various African countries, however, there is lack of comprehensive analysis of published literature. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines where articles published in English language between January 2000 and March 2022 were searched from ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, African Journal Online (AJO), and Africa Index Medicus (AIM). Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) Ver 3.0 software was used to analyze the data. The pooled prevalence estimate (PPE) with 95% confidence interval was calculated using the random-effects model (CI). The overall PPE and antimicrobial resistance trends of E. coli isolated from water was screened from 4009 isolates which were isolated from 2586 samples. We extracted data from 17 studies including drinking water (n = 6), rivers (n = 5), wastewaters (n = 4) and wastewater/river (n = 1) which are all covering 27 countries in Africa with 3438 isolates. The PPE of E. coli in water was 71.7% (0.717; 95% CI: 0.562-0.833). The highest PPE antibiotic resistance was against penicillin followed by erythromycin, and ampicilin with resistance rates of 93.4%, 92.3%, and 69.4%, respectively. This systematic review provides critical evidence of E. coli consolidated prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles, as well as regions where future studies and enhanced reporting could be beneficial in the African continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsepo Ramatla
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Taole Ramaili
- Department of Animal Health, School of Agriculture, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Kgaugelo E. Lekota
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Rendani Ndou
- Department of Animal Health, School of Agriculture, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Nthabiseng Mphuti
- Department of Animal Health, School of Agriculture, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Carlos Bezuidenhout
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Oriel Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
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Aberkane C, Messaï A, Messaï CR, Boussaada T. Antimicrobial resistance pattern of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli with detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing isolates in broilers in east Algeria. Vet World 2023; 16:449-454. [PMID: 37041836 PMCID: PMC10082731 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.449-454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causative agent of colibacillosis, one of the most prevalent bacterial diseases responsible for significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of APEC isolates recovered from poultry in east Algeria and estimate the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates.
Materials and Methods: In the slaughterhouse of Batna City (Algeria), livers indicating colibacillosis were sampled from 204 suspected carcasses with growth retardation and generalized congestion. Escherichia coli isolation and identification were performed on MacConkey agar using conventional methods and the API 20E system. Antimicrobial resistance susceptibility was tested by the disk diffusion method according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute Guidelines. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase detection was carried out using the double-disk confirmation test.
Results: One hundred sixty E. coli isolates were recovered (one isolate per sample). Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates showed high levels of resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline (100%), nalidixic acid (95%), ofloxacin (93.75%), doxycycline (91.87), ciprofloxacin (87.50%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (62.50%), gentamycin (32.50%), chloramphenicol (27.50%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (16.25%), colistin (14.37%), and nitrofurantoin (10.62%). All strains were multidrug-resistant to at least three antibiotics, and more than half (52.52%) of the isolates were resistant to at least seven antibiotics. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and aztreonam. Two E. coli isolates were ESBL producers (1.25%).
Conclusion: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli resistance to most antimicrobial agents used in poultry may lead to antimicrobial therapy failure.
Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, avian pathogenic Escherichia coli, broilers, colibacillosis, Eastern Algeria, extended-spectrum β-lactamase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahrazed Aberkane
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, DEDSPAZA Laboratory, Mohamed-Khider University, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Messaï
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, PIARA Laboratory, Mohamed-Khider University, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Chafik Redha Messaï
- Laboratory of Research Health and Animal Production, High National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria; Department of Biology and Agronomy, University Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi of Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria
| | - Tarek Boussaada
- Scientific and Technical Research Centre for Arid Areas (CRSTRA) Biskra, Algeria
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16
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Ramatla T, Tawana M, Lekota KE, Thekisoe O. Antimicrobial resistance genes of Escherichia coli, a bacterium of "One Health" importance in South Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:75-89. [PMID: 36891533 PMCID: PMC9988412 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a systematic review and meta-analysis that evaluated the prevalence of Escherichia coli antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in animals, humans, and the environment in South Africa. This study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to search and use literature published between 1 January 2000 to 12 December 2021, on the prevalence of South African E. coli isolates' ARGs. Articles were downloaded from African Journals Online, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engines. A random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the antibiotic-resistant genes of E. coli in animals, humans, and the environment. Out of 10764 published articles, only 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. The obtained results indicated that the pooled prevalence estimates (PPE) of E. coli ARGs was 36.3%, 34.4%, 32.9%, and 28.8% for blaTEM-M-1 , ampC, tetA, and bla TEM, respectively. Eight ARGs (blaCTX-M , blaCTX-M-1 , blaTEM , tetA, tetB, sul1, sulII, and aadA) were detected in humans, animals and the environmental samples. Human E. coli isolate samples harboured 38% of the ARGs. Analyzed data from this study highlights the occurrence of ARGs in E. coli isolates from animals, humans, and environmental samples in South Africa. Therefore, there is a necessity to develop a comprehensive "One Health" strategy to assess antibiotics use in order to understand the causes and dynamics of antibiotic resistance development, as such information will enable the formulation of intervention strategies to stop the spread of ARGs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsepo Ramatla
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Mpho Tawana
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Kgaugelo E Lekota
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Oriel Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
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17
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Jesus HNR, Ramos JN, Rocha DJPG, Alves DA, Silva CS, Cruz JVO, Vieira VV, Souza C, Santos LS, Navas J, Ramos RTJ, Azevedo V, Aguiar ERGR, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Pacheco LGC. The pan-genome of the emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen Corynebacterium striatum. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 23:5. [PMID: 36534203 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00932-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium striatum, a common constituent of the human skin microbiome, is now considered an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen of immunocompromised and chronically ill patients. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms in the transition from colonization to the multidrug-resistant (MDR) invasive phenotype in clinical isolates. This study performed a comprehensive pan-genomic analysis of C. striatum, including isolates from "normal skin microbiome" and from MDR infections, to gain insights into genetic factors contributing to pathogenicity and multidrug resistance in this species. For this, three novel genome sequences were obtained from clinical isolates of C. striatum of patients from Brazil, and other 24 complete or draft C. striatum genomes were retrieved from GenBank, including the ATCC6940 isolate from the Human Microbiome Project. Analysis of C. striatum strains demonstrated the presence of an open pan-genome (α = 0.852803) containing 3816 gene families, including 15 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and 32 putative virulence factors. The core and accessory genomes included 1297 and 1307 genes, respectively. The identified AMR genes are primarily associated with resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracyclines. Of these, 66.6% are present in genomic islands, and four AMR genes, including aac(6')-ib7, are located in a class 1-integron. In conclusion, our data indicated that C. striatum possesses genomic characteristics favorable to the invasive phenotype, with high genomic plasticity, a robust genetic arsenal for iron acquisition, and important virulence determinants and AMR genes present in mobile genetic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendor N R Jesus
- Multicenter Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (PMBqBM), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Juliana N Ramos
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corinebacteria of Clinical Relevance, School of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - LDCIC/FCM/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Danilo J P G Rocha
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Daniele A Alves
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina S Silva
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - João V O Cruz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Verônica V Vieira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cassius Souza
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corinebacteria of Clinical Relevance, School of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - LDCIC/FCM/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Louisy S Santos
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corinebacteria of Clinical Relevance, School of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - LDCIC/FCM/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jesus Navas
- Cantabria University, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Rommel T J Ramos
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil.,Biological Engineering Laboratory, Science and Technology Park Guama, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eric R G R Aguiar
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana L Mattos-Guaraldi
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corinebacteria of Clinical Relevance, School of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - LDCIC/FCM/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luis G C Pacheco
- Multicenter Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (PMBqBM), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil. .,Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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18
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Ferreira M, Leão C, Clemente L, Albuquerque T, Amaro A. Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles and Resistance Mechanisms to β-Lactams and Polymyxins of Escherichia coli from Broilers Raised under Intensive and Extensive Production Systems. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102044. [PMID: 36296320 PMCID: PMC9608943 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The intensive and extensive broiler production systems imply different veterinary interventions, including the use of antimicrobials. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from both systems, characterize resistance mechanisms to β-lactams and polymyxins, and identify genetic elements such as integrons. E. coli isolates recovered from broiler cecal samples were assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility through the broth microdilution technique. The molecular characterization of acquired resistance mechanisms to β-lactams and colistin and the detection of integrons was performed by a multiplex PCR. For most antibiotics tested, the prevalence of reduced susceptibility is higher in commensal and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)/AmpC producers from broilers raised in the intensive system, compared with those raised under extensive conditions. SHV-12 was the most common ESBL enzyme found in both production systems. Other ESBL variants such as CTX-M-1, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-32, CTX-M-9, TEM-52, and plasmid-encoded AmpC enzyme CMY-2 were also present. MCR-1 was identified in a colistin-resistant isolate from broilers raised under the intensive system. This study highlights the differences in E. coli antibiotic susceptibility from both production types and emphasizes that a great deal of work remains to decrease consumption and antimicrobial resistance levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ferreira
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Célia Leão
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Clemente
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Amaro
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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19
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Molecular characterization of multi drug resistant Escherichia coli isolates at a tertiary hospital in Abuja, Nigeria. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14822. [PMID: 36050365 PMCID: PMC9437016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli cause significant morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. In this study, we describe the molecular characteristics of E. coli isolated from clinical specimens and the patients’ outcomes. Phenotypic methods were used in the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E. coli from clinical specimens from a tertiary hospital in Abuja, Nigeria. Whole genome sequencing was used to describe the antimicrobial resistance genes, serotypes, sequence types/clonal complexes, and mobile genetic elements. The mean age of the patients was 20.3 years with 70.1% females and majority of isolates 75% from urine, 21% from blood cultures, and 3% each from cerebrospinal fluid and endo-cervical swabs. Of the 107 non-duplicate E. coli isolates, 101 (94.3%) were resistant to ampicillin, 95 (88.8%) to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 86 (80.4%) to ceftriaxone, 60 (56.1%) to gentamicin, and eight (7.5%) to meropenem. There were 102 (95.3%) isolates that were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Expression of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) phenotype was detected in 54 (50%) and blaCTX-M-15 genes detected in 75 (70.1%) isolates. The carbapenemase genes blaNDM-1 and blaNDM-5 were detected in six (5.6%), while the AmpC gene- blaCMY-2, was detected in seven (6.5%) isolates. Two (1.9%) isolates simultaneously harboured the blaOXA-1, blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-15, and blaNDM-5 genes. In total, 35 sequence types (STs) were found with the majority being ST131 (n = 23; 21.5%). The most common serotype was O25:H4 associated with all 23 strains of ST131, followed by O1:H6/ST648 (n = 6). The ST410, ST671, and ST101 strains displayed phenotypic resistance to wide array of antibiotic classes and harbored high numbers of antibiotic resistance genes via in-silico analysis. The ST410 strain in particular harbored a higher number of antibiotic resistance genes and was phenotypically resistant to a wider array of antibiotics. Four pairs of isolates were closely related with three isolates (ST131, ST38, ST652) having a pairwise SNP difference of zero. 71/72 75/76 52/14. The MDR E. coli lineages circulating in this setting pose a clinical and public health threat as they can hinder effective prevention and management of infections. The genetic diversity and MDR E. coli with the emergence of ST410 and ST101 clones is concerning because of the potential for rapid dissemination in hospitals and communities- further increasing the problems of antibiotic resistance. Continuous routine surveillance of E. coli infections for AMR in hospitals becomes imperative, aimed at development of effective antimicrobial stewardship programs, facilitating prudent use of antimicrobial agents, and limiting dissemination of resistant strains.
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Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria—A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081079. [PMID: 36009947 PMCID: PMC9404765 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A global problem of multi-drug resistance (MDR) among bacteria is the cause of hundreds of thousands of deaths every year. In response to the significant increase of MDR bacteria, legislative measures have widely been taken to limit or eliminate the use of antibiotics, including in the form of feed additives for livestock, but also in metaphylaxis and its treatment, which was the subject of EU Regulation in 2019/6. Numerous studies have documented that bacteria use both phenotypis and gentic strategies enabling a natural defence against antibiotics and the induction of mechanisms in increasing resistance to the used antibacterial chemicals. The mechanisms presented in this review developed by the bacteria have a significant impact on reducing the ability to combat bacterial infections in humans and animals. Moreover, the high prevalence of multi-resistant strains in the environment and the ease of transmission of drug-resistance genes between the different bacterial species including commensal flora and pathogenic like foodborne pathogens (E. coli, Campylobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., Staphylococcus spp.) favor the rapid spread of multi-resistance among bacteria in humans and animals. Given the global threat posed by the widespread phenomenon of multi-drug resistance among bacteria which are dangerous for humans and animals, the subject of this study is the presentation of the mechanisms of resistance in most frequent bacteria called as “foodborne pathoges” isolated from human and animals. In order to present the significance of the global problem related to multi-drug resistance among selected pathogens, especially those danger to humans, the publication also presents statistical data on the percentage range of occurrence of drug resistance among selected bacteria in various regions of the world. In addition to the phenotypic characteristics of pathogen resistance, this review also presents detailed information on the detection of drug resistance genes for specific groups of antibiotics. It should be emphasized that the manuscript also presents the results of own research i.e., Campylobacter spp., E. coli or Enetrococcus spp. This subject and the presentation of data on the risks of drug resistance among bacteria will contribute to initiating research in implementing the prevention of drug resistance and the development of alternatives for antimicrobials methods of controlling bacteria.
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Antimicrobial Resistance Trends of Escherichia coli Isolates: A Three-Year Prospective Study of Poultry Production in Spain. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081064. [PMID: 36009933 PMCID: PMC9404938 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major threat to health worldwide. Poultry products are one of the main threats, due to the transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes throughout the food chain. Escherichia coli is the main cause of mortality in the poultry industry, mainly mitigated with antibiotics, but due to the high genetic strain variability, recurrent outbreaks of multidrug resistant E. coli take place. The major challenge to tackling AMR is understanding the burden of resistance. For this reason, one of the main strategies is monitoring AMR by phenotypic characterisation. Our study aimed to monitor the resistance of E. coli strains isolated from the poultry sector over a period of three years (2019–2021) to provide information on the resistance magnitude and trends. Promising results have been found concerning the low frequency of resistance to cephalosporins, polymyxin, and fluoroquinolones. However, levels of resistance found to antimicrobials such as erythromycin (100%), tylosin (98%), or penicillin (97%) suggest the need to continue working on the limitation of use of antimicrobials in poultry to achieve the demise of MDR.
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