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Zaib Q, Park S, Behera SK, Mahanty B, Zafar M, Park HS, Kyung D. Optimization of low-grade coal and refuse-derived fuel blends for improved co-combustion behavior in coal-fired power plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:117238-117249. [PMID: 37864701 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed at utilizing three waste materials, i.e., solid refuse fuel (SRF), tire derived fuel (TDF), and sludge derived fuel (SDF), as eco-friendly alternatives to coal-only combustion in co-firing power plants. The contribution of waste materials is limited to ≤5% in the composition of the mixed fuel (coal + waste materials). Statistical experimental design and response surface methodology are employed to investigate the effect of mixed fuel composition (SRF, TDF, and SDF) on gross calorific value (GCV) and ash fusion temperature (AFT). A quadratic model is developed and statistically verified to apprehend mixed fuel constituents' individual and combined effects on GCV and AFT. Constrained optimization of fuel blend, i.e., GCV >1,250 kcal/kg and AFT >1,200 °C, using the polynomial models projected the fuel-blend containing 95% coal with 3.84% SRF, 0.35% TDF, and 0.81% SDF. The observed GCV of 5,307 kcal/kg and AFT of 1225 °C for the optimized blend were within 1% of the model predicted values, thereby establishing the robustness of the models. The findings from this study can foster sustainable economic development and zero CO2 emission objectives by optimizing the utilization of waste materials without compromising the GCV and AFT of the mixed fuels in coal-fired power plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qammer Zaib
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangchul Park
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Shishir Kumar Behera
- Industrial Ecology Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Biswanath Mahanty
- Division of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology & Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641114, India
| | - Mohd Zafar
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, College of Applied Science and Pharmacy, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Sur, Sur, 411, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Hung-Suck Park
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeseung Kyung
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea.
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Zaib Q, Ryenchindorj U, Putra AS, Kyung D, Park HS. Optimization of tetracycline removal from water by iron-coated pine-bark biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:4972-4985. [PMID: 35976587 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized iron-coated pine-bark biochar (Fe-PBB) and determined the optimal conditions for removing the antibiotic tetracycline from water. The Fe-PBB was synthesized by depositing iron oxide on pyrolyzed pine-bark waste via a facile co-precipitation method. Characterization (SEM, EDX, and TGA) showed successful deposition of a mass of approximately 27% (w/w) iron on the PBB to synthesize Fe-PBB. Fe-PBB exhibited five times higher adsorption capacity (~ 10 mg/g) for tetracycline compared with PBB. The effects of initial tetracycline concentration, pH, temperature, and Fe-PBB dose on the adsorption removal of tetracycline from water were systematically investigated and optimized using a statistical experimental design and response surface methodology. The empirical relationship between the experimental factors and tetracycline removal was modeled, statistically validated through the analysis of variance, and used to predict the optimal conditions for adsorption removal of tetracycline. We found that ≥ 95% of the tetracycline can be removed at a tetracycline concentration of 1 mg/L, pH of 7, temperature of 50 °C, and a Fe-PBB dose of 2 g/L. The adsorption isotherm modeling study suggests that the adsorption of tetracycline can be attributed to the pore filling phenomenon and multilayer adsorption on the Fe-PBB. A thermodynamics study showed that the adsorption occurs spontaneously with an endothermic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qammer Zaib
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Urjinlkham Ryenchindorj
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Agusta Samodra Putra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan College, Daehak-ro 57, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Sustainable Production System and Life Cycle Assessment, National Research and Innovation Agency, PUSPIPTEK Area, Serpong, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Daeseung Kyung
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Hung-Suck Park
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan College, Daehak-ro 57, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea.
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Magnetic NH 2-MIL-101(Al)/Chitosan nanocomposite as a novel adsorbent for the removal of azithromycin: modeling and process optimization. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18990. [PMID: 36347864 PMCID: PMC9643464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the magnetic NH2-MIL-101(Al)/chitosan nanocomposite (MIL/Cs@Fe3O4 NCs) was synthesized and used in the removal of azithromycin (AZT) from an aqueous solution for the first time. The as-synthesized MIL/Cs@Fe3O4 NCs was characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, BET, and VSM techniques. The effect of various key factors in the AZT adsorption process was modeled and optimized using response surface methodology based on central composite design (RSM-CCD). The low value of p-value (1.3101e-06) and RSD (1.873) parameters, along with the coefficient of determination > 0.997 implied that the developed model was well fitted with experimental data. Under the optimized conditions, including pH: 7.992, adsorbent dose: 0.279 g/L, time: 64.256 min and AZT concentration: 10.107 mg/L, removal efficiency and AZT adsorption capacity were obtained as 98.362 ± 3.24% and 238.553 mg/g, respectively. The fitting of data with the Langmuir isotherm (R2: 0.998, X2: 0.011) and Pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2: 0.999, X2: 0.013) showed that the adsorption process is monolayer and chemical in nature. ΔH° > 0, ΔS° > 0, and ∆G° < 0 indicated that AZT removal was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The effect of Magnesium on AZT adsorption was more complicated than other background ions. Reuse of the adsorbent in 10 consecutive experiments showed that removal efficiency was reduced by about 30.24%. The performance of MIL/Cs@Fe3O4 NCs under real conditions was also tested and promising results were achieved, except in the treatment of AZT from raw wastewater.
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The Dynamic Behaviour of a Binary Adsorbent in a Fixed Bed Column for the Removal of Pb2+ Ions from Contaminated Water Bodies. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14137662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the search for a technically efficient and abundant adsorbent in water treatment processes, a bio-composite adsorbent derived from agricultural wastes has been identified as a potential candidate. In this study, eggshells and sugarcane bagasse were combined in varied proportions (1:0, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1 and 0:1) and applied as biosorbents in a lab-scale adsorption column. The effect of bed depth (4–12 cm) of the biosorbents was investigated which enabled the prediction of breakthrough curves for the removal of Pb (II) ions. The life span of the column was extended by increasing the bed depth of the column. The binary adsorbent of 1:3 weight ratio of <75 µm particle size showcased the highest removal efficiency of 91% at a bed depth of 12 cm. The mass transfer zone (MTZ) increased with increasing bed depth with a minor portion of the bed left unused, signifying that the process was highly efficient. The Thomas model constant, KTh, decreased with increasing bed depth with the maximum amount of Pb adsorbed being 28.27 mg/g. With the Yoon–Nelson model, KYN decreased with an increase in τ as the bed height increased. In this study, a novel approach was adopted where the proposed methodology enabled the use of a bio-composite adsorbent in heavy metal removal. The findings of this research will aid in the design and optimisation of the pilot-scale operation of environmentally friendly treatment options for metal laden effluent.
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