1
|
Sharma B, Torres MM, Rodriguez S, Gangwani L, Kumar S. MicroRNA-502-3p regulates GABAergic synapse function in hippocampal neurons. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2698-2707. [PMID: 38595288 PMCID: PMC11168514 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202412000-00026/figure1/v/2024-04-08T165401Z/r/image-tiff Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons, the most abundant inhibitory neurons in the human brain, have been found to be reduced in many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementia. Our previous study identified the upregulation of microRNA-502-3p (miR-502-3p) and downregulation of GABA type A receptor subunit α-1 in Alzheimer's disease synapses. This study investigated a new molecular relationship between miR-502-3p and GABAergic synapse function. In vitro studies were performed using the mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 and miR-502-3p agomiRs and antagomiRs. In silico analysis identified multiple binding sites of miR-502-3p at GABA type A receptor subunit α-1 mRNA. Luciferase assay confirmed that miR-502-3p targets the GABA type A receptor subunit α-1 gene and suppresses the luciferase activity. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, miRNA in situ hybridization, immunoblotting, and immunostaining analysis confirmed that overexpression of miR-502-3p reduced the GABA type A receptor subunit α-1 level, while suppression of miR-502-3p increased the level of GABA type A receptor subunit α-1 protein. Notably, as a result of the overexpression of miR-502-3p, cell viability was found to be reduced, and the population of necrotic cells was found to be increased. The whole cell patch-clamp analysis of human-GABA receptor A-α1/β3/γ2L human embryonic kidney (HEK) recombinant cell line also showed that overexpression of miR-502-3p reduced the GABA current and overall GABA function, suggesting a negative correlation between miR-502-3p levels and GABAergic synapse function. Additionally, the levels of proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease were high with miR-502-3p overexpression and reduced with miR-502-3p suppression. The present study provides insight into the molecular mechanism of regulation of GABAergic synapses by miR-502-3p. We propose that micro-RNA, in particular miR-502-3p, could be a potential therapeutic target to modulate GABAergic synapse function in neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhupender Sharma
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Melissa M. Torres
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Sheryl Rodriguez
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Laxman Gangwani
- Bond Life Sciences Center and Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Faraci FM. Anchoring Protein Increases Cerebrovascular Responses and Blood Pressure During Hypertension: Turn Round Quick and Start to Run. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1222-1224. [PMID: 38776387 PMCID: PMC11115373 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.321025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Faraci
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pedrero-Chamizo R, Zhuang K, Juarez A, Janabi M, Jagust WJ, Landau SM. Alzheimer's disease prevention: Apolipoprotein e4 moderates the effect of physical activity on brain beta-amyloid deposition in healthy older adults. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:402-407. [PMID: 38664148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate if higher baseline physical activity levels are associated with less β-amyloid burden and whether the ApoE4 genotype moderates this association cross-sectionally and longitudinally. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS 204 cognitively normal older adults (74.5 ± 6.6 years; 26 % ApoE4-carrier) were analyzed. Baseline physical activity was measured using the Minnesota Physical Activity Questionnaire. Brain β-amyloid burden was measured with positron emission tomography using 11C-labeled Pittsburgh compound. A subsample of 128 participants underwent longitudinal positron emission tomography (2.0 ± 0.9 scans over 5 ± 3 years). Statistical analysis was run according to physical activity (high/low group) and the ApoE4 genotype (carrier/noncarrier). RESULTS The ApoE4 genotype moderated the relationship between physical activity and β-amyloid, such that low physical activity had a greater impact on β-amyloid deposition in ApoE4-carriers than noncarriers. This ApoE4 × physical activity effect on brain β-amyloid deposition was also observed when all available β-amyloid scan timepoints were included in the model. β-amyloid deposition increased over time (p < 0.001), and ApoE4-carriers had disproportionately greater β-amyloid accumulation than ApoE4-noncarriers. The lower physical activity group had marginally greater β-amyloid accumulation than the higher physical activity group (p = 0.099), but there was no significant ApoE4 effect on β-amyloid accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Low physical activity in combination with the ApoE4-carrier genotype is associated with increased β-amyloid burden, suggesting that ApoE4 moderates the effect of physical activity on β-amyloid load. However, this effect was insufficient for baseline physical activity to modulate the change in β-amyloid accumulation over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pedrero-Chamizo
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain; EXERNET Spanish Research Network on Physical Exercise and Health, Spain.
| | - Kailin Zhuang
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, USA
| | - Alexis Juarez
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, USA
| | - Mustafa Janabi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, USA
| | - Susan M Landau
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Paillard T, Blain H, Bernard PL. The impact of exercise on Alzheimer's disease progression. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:333-342. [PMID: 38390841 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2319766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The preventive effects of chronic physical exercise (CPE) on Alzheimer's disease (AD) are now admitted by the scientific community. Curative effects of CPE are more disputed, but they deserve to be investigated, since CPE is a natural non-pharmacological alternative for the treatment of AD. AREAS COVERED In this perspective, the authors discuss the impact of CPE on AD based on an exhaustive literature search using the electronic databases PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. EXPERT OPINION Aerobic exercise alone is probably not the unique solution and needs to be complemented by other exercises (physical activities) to optimize the slowing down of AD. Anaerobic, muscle strength and power, balance/coordination and meditative exercises may also help to slow down the AD progression. However, the scientific evidence does not allow a precise description of the best training program for patients with AD. Influential environmental conditions (e.g. social relations, outdoor or indoor exercise) should also be studied to optimize training programs aimed at slowing down the AD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Paillard
- Movement, Balance, Performance, and Health Laboratory, Université de Pau & Pays de l'Adour, Tarbes, France
| | - Hubert Blain
- Pole de Gérontologie Antonin Balmes, CHU de Montpellier; EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Alès, France
| | - Pierre Louis Bernard
- UFR STAPS, EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Université de Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Alès, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abdullahi A, Wong TW, Ng SS. Understanding the mechanisms of disease modifying effects of aerobic exercise in people with Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102202. [PMID: 38272266 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very disabling disease. Pathologically, it is characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain that results in neurodegeneration. Its clinical manifestations include progressive memory impairment, language decline and difficulty in carrying out activities of daily living (ADL). The disease is managed using interventions such as pharmacological interventions and aerobic exercise. Use of aerobic exercise has shown some promises in reducing the risk of developing AD, and improving cognitive function and the ability to carry out both basic and instrumental ADL. Although, the mechanisms through which aerobic exercise improves AD are poorly understood, improvement in vascular function, brain glucose metabolism and cardiorespiratory fitness, increase in antioxidant capacity and haemoglobin level, amelioration of immune-related and inflammatory responses, modulation of concentration of circulating Neurotrophins and peptides and decrease in concentration of tau protein and cortisol level among others seem to be the possible mechanisms. Therefore, understanding these mechanisms is important to help characterize the dose and the nature of the aerobic exercise to be given. In addition, they may also help in finding ways to optimize other interventions such as the pharmacological interventions. However, more quality studies are needed to verify the mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Auwal Abdullahi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomson Wl Wong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shamay Sm Ng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gammie SC, Messing A, Hill MA, Kelm-Nelson CA, Hagemann TL. Large-scale gene expression changes in APP/PSEN1 and GFAP mutation models exhibit high congruence with Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0291995. [PMID: 38236817 PMCID: PMC10796008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with both genetic and non-genetic causes. Animal research models are available for a multitude of diseases and conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS), and large-scale CNS gene expression data exist for many of these. Although there are several models specifically for AD, each recapitulates different aspects of the human disease. In this study we evaluate over 500 animal models to identify those with CNS gene expression patterns matching human AD datasets. Approaches included a hypergeometric based scoring system that rewards congruent gene expression patterns but penalizes discordant gene expression patterns. The top two models identified were APP/PS1 transgenic mice expressing mutant APP and PSEN1, and mice carrying a GFAP mutation that is causative of Alexander disease, a primary disorder of astrocytes in the CNS. The APP/PS1 and GFAP models both matched over 500 genes moving in the same direction as in human AD, and both had elevated GFAP expression and were highly congruent with one another. Also scoring highly were the 5XFAD model (with five mutations in APP and PSEN1) and mice carrying CK-p25, APP, and MAPT mutations. Animals with the APOE3 and 4 mutations combined with traumatic brain injury ranked highly. Bulbectomized rats scored high, suggesting anosmia could be causative of AD-like gene expression. Other matching models included the SOD1G93A strain and knockouts for SNORD116 (Prader-Willi mutation), GRID2, INSM1, XBP1, and CSTB. Many top models demonstrated increased expression of GFAP, and results were similar across multiple human AD datasets. Heatmap and Uniform Manifold Approximation Plot results were consistent with hypergeometric ranking. Finally, some gene manipulation models, including for TYROBP and ATG7, were identified with reversed AD patterns, suggesting possible neuroprotective effects. This study provides insight for the pathobiology of AD and the potential utility of available animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Gammie
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Albee Messing
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mason A. Hill
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Cynthia A. Kelm-Nelson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Tracy L. Hagemann
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Adams JA, Uryash A, Lopez JR. Harnessing Passive Pulsatile Shear Stress for Alzheimer's Disease Prevention and Intervention. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:387-401. [PMID: 38393906 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects more than 40 million people worldwide and is the leading cause of dementia. This disease is a challenge for both patients and caregivers and puts a significant strain on the global healthcare system. To address this issue, the Lancet Commission recommends focusing on reducing modifiable lifestyle risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and physical inactivity. Passive pulsatile shear stress (PPSS) interventions, which use devices like whole-body periodic acceleration, periodic acceleration along the Z-axis (pGz), and the Jogging Device, have shown significant systemic and cellular effects in preclinical and clinical models which address these modifiable risks factors. Based on this, we propose that PPSS could be a potential non-pharmacological and non-invasive preventive or therapeutic strategy for AD. We perform a comprehensive review of the biological basis based on all publications of PPSS using these devices and demonstrate their effects on the various aspects of AD. We draw from this comprehensive analysis to support our hypothesis. We then delve into the possible application of PPSS as an innovative intervention. We discuss how PPSS holds promise in ameliorating hypertension and diabetes while mitigating physical inactivity, potentially offering a holistic approach to AD prevention and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Jose R Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim E, Kim H, Jedrychowski MP, Bakiasi G, Park J, Kruskop J, Choi Y, Kwak SS, Quinti L, Kim DY, Wrann CD, Spiegelman BM, Tanzi RE, Choi SH. Irisin reduces amyloid-β by inducing the release of neprilysin from astrocytes following downregulation of ERK-STAT3 signaling. Neuron 2023; 111:3619-3633.e8. [PMID: 37689059 PMCID: PMC10840702 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
A pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein in the brain. Physical exercise has been shown to reduce Aβ burden in various AD mouse models, but the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Irisin, an exercise-induced hormone, is the secreted form of fibronectin type-III-domain-containing 5 (FNDC5). Here, using a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model of AD, we show that irisin significantly reduces Aβ pathology by increasing astrocytic release of the Aβ-degrading enzyme neprilysin (NEP). This is mediated by downregulation of ERK-STAT3 signaling. Finally, we show that integrin αV/β5 acts as the irisin receptor on astrocytes required for irisin-induced release of astrocytic NEP, leading to clearance of Aβ. Our findings reveal for the first time a cellular and molecular mechanism by which exercise-induced irisin attenuates Aβ pathology, suggesting a new target pathway for therapies aimed at the prevention and treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Kim
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hyeonwoo Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mark P Jedrychowski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Grisilda Bakiasi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Joseph Park
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jane Kruskop
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Younjung Choi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sang Su Kwak
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Luisa Quinti
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Doo Yeon Kim
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christiane D Wrann
- McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Se Hoon Choi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gaur A, Rivet L, Mah E, Bawa KK, Gallagher D, Herrmann N, Lanctôt KL. Novel fluid biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102046. [PMID: 37647995 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a well-established prodromal stage of dementia (e.g., Alzheimer's disease) that is often accompanied by early signs of neurodegeneration. To facilitate a better characterization of the underlying pathophysiology, we assessed the available literature to evaluate potential fluid biomarkers in MCI. Peer-reviewed articles that measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and/or peripheral biomarkers of neuronal injury (total-tau [T-tau], neurofilament light chain [NfL], heart-type fatty acid binding protein [HFABP], neuron-specific enolase, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1) and/or astroglial pathology (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], S100 calcium-binding protein B) in MCI and healthy controls were assessed. Group differences were summarized by standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was quantified using I2. A total of 107 studies were included in the meta-analysis and 10 studies were qualitatively reviewed. In CSF, concentrations of NfL (SMD = 0.69 [0.56, 0.83]), GFAP (SMD = 0.41 [0.07, 0.75]), and HFABP (SMD = 0.57 [0.26, 0.89]) were elevated in MCI. In blood, increased concentrations of T-tau (SMD = 0.19 [0.09, 0.29]), NfL (SMD = 0.41 [0.32, 0.49]), and GFAP (SMD = 0.39 [0.23, 0.55]) were found in MCI. Heterogeneity that was identified in all comparisons was explored using meta-regression and subgroup analysis. Elevated NfL and GFAP can be detected in both CSF and peripheral blood. Monitoring these biomarkers in clinical settings may provide important insight into underlying neurodegenerative processes in MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amish Gaur
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Luc Rivet
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ethan Mah
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kritleen K Bawa
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Damien Gallagher
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Krokidis MG, Vrahatis AG, Lazaros K, Skolariki K, Exarchos TP, Vlamos P. Machine Learning Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Data across Cortex and Hippocampus Regions. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8652-8669. [PMID: 37998721 PMCID: PMC10670182 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized our understanding of complex diseases, with Alzheimer's disease being a prime example. Single-cell sequencing, currently the most suitable technology, facilitates profoundly detailed disease analysis at the cellular level. Prior research has established that the pathology of Alzheimer's disease varies across different brain regions and cell types. In parallel, only machine learning has the capacity to address the myriad challenges presented by such studies, where the integration of large-scale data and numerous experiments is required to extract meaningful knowledge. Our methodology utilizes single-cell RNA sequencing data from healthy and Alzheimer's disease (AD) samples, focused on the cortex and hippocampus regions in mice. We designed three distinct case studies and implemented an ensemble feature selection approach through machine learning, also performing an analysis of distinct age-related datasets to unravel age-specific effects, showing differential gene expression patterns within each condition. Important evidence was reported, such as enrichment in central nervous system development and regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation between the hippocampus and cortex of 6-month-old AD mice as well as regulation of epinephrine secretion and dendritic spine morphogenesis in 15-month-old AD mice. Our outcomes from all three of our case studies illustrate the capacity of machine learning strategies when applied to single-cell data, revealing critical insights into Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marios G. Krokidis
- Bioinformatics and Human Electrophysiology Laboratory, Department of Informatics, Ionian University, 49100 Corfu, Greece; (A.G.V.); (K.L.); (K.S.); (T.P.E.); (P.V.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Godfrey RK, Alsop E, Bjork RT, Chauhan BS, Ruvalcaba HC, Antone J, Gittings LM, Michael AF, Williams C, Hala'ufia G, Blythe AD, Hall M, Sattler R, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Zarnescu DC. Modelling TDP-43 proteinopathy in Drosophila uncovers shared and neuron-specific targets across ALS and FTD relevant circuits. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:168. [PMID: 37864255 PMCID: PMC10588218 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) comprise a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases linked to TDP-43 proteinopathy, which at the cellular level, is characterized by loss of nuclear TDP-43 and accumulation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 inclusions that ultimately cause RNA processing defects including dysregulation of splicing, mRNA transport and translation. Complementing our previous work in motor neurons, here we report a novel model of TDP-43 proteinopathy based on overexpression of TDP-43 in a subset of Drosophila Kenyon cells of the mushroom body (MB), a circuit with structural characteristics reminiscent of vertebrate cortical networks. This model recapitulates several aspects of dementia-relevant pathological features including age-dependent neuronal loss, nuclear depletion and cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43, and behavioral deficits in working memory and sleep that occur prior to axonal degeneration. RNA immunoprecipitations identify several candidate mRNA targets of TDP-43 in MBs, some of which are unique to the MB circuit and others that are shared with motor neurons. Among the latter is the glypican Dally-like-protein (Dlp), which exhibits significant TDP-43 associated reduction in expression during aging. Using genetic interactions we show that overexpression of Dlp in MBs mitigates TDP-43 dependent working memory deficits, conistent with Dlp acting as a mediator of TDP-43 toxicity. Substantiating our findings in the fly model, we find that the expression of GPC6 mRNA, a human ortholog of dlp, is specifically altered in neurons exhibiting the molecular signature of TDP-43 pathology in FTD patient brains. These findings suggest that circuit-specific Drosophila models provide a platform for uncovering shared or disease-specific molecular mechanisms and vulnerabilities across the spectrum of TDP-43 proteinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Keating Godfrey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 3215 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Eric Alsop
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Reed T Bjork
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Brijesh S Chauhan
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive Crescent Building C4605, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Hillary C Ruvalcaba
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jerry Antone
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Lauren M Gittings
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Allison F Michael
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Christi Williams
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Grace Hala'ufia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Alexander D Blythe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Megan Hall
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Rita Sattler
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | | | - Daniela C Zarnescu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive Crescent Building C4605, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abdolmaleky HM, Zhou JR. Underlying Mechanisms of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases as Potential Targets for Preventive or Therapeutic Strategies Using Phytochemicals. Nutrients 2023; 15:3456. [PMID: 37571393 PMCID: PMC10473240 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During aging, several tissues and biological systems undergo a progressive decline in function, leading to age-associated diseases such as neurodegenerative, inflammatory, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In this review, we focus on the molecular underpinning of senescence and neurodegeneration related to age-associated brain diseases, in particular, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, along with introducing nutrients or phytochemicals that modulate age-associated molecular dysfunctions, potentially offering preventive or therapeutic benefits. Based on current knowledge, the dysregulation of microglia genes and neuroinflammation, telomere attrition, neuronal stem cell degradation, vascular system dysfunction, reactive oxygen species, loss of chromosome X inactivation in females, and gut microbiome dysbiosis have been seen to play pivotal roles in neurodegeneration in an interactive manner. There are several phytochemicals (e.g., curcumin, EGCG, fucoidan, galangin, astin C, apigenin, resveratrol, phytic acid, acacetin, daucosterol, silibinin, sulforaphane, withaferin A, and betulinic acid) that modulate the dysfunction of one or several key genes (e.g., TREM2, C3, C3aR1, TNFA, NF-kb, TGFB1&2, SIRT1&6, HMGB1, and STING) affected in the aged brain. Although phytochemicals have shown promise in slowing down the progression of age-related brain diseases, more studies to identify their efficacy, alone or in combinations, in preclinical systems can help to design novel nutritional strategies for the management of neurodegenerative diseases in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin-Rong Zhou
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pourtaher H, Hasaninejad A, Zare S, Tanideh N, Iraji A. The anti-Alzheimer potential of novel spiroindolin-1,2-diazepine derivatives as targeted cholinesterase inhibitors with modified substituents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11952. [PMID: 37488177 PMCID: PMC10366214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new series of spiro indolin-1,2-diazepine were designed, synthesized, and screened for their cholinesterase inhibitory activities. A novel, green, high-yielding approach was constructed to synthesize spiro indolin-1,2-diazepine derivatives through a cascade reaction of different isatins, malononitrile and 1,1-enediamines (EDAMs) via sequential four-component reactions to produce the target compounds with good to excellent yields. Next the inhibitory potencies of all derivatives were determined spectroscopically at 415 nm using the modified Ellman method. The results of the in vitro screening indicated that 5l with spiroindolin-1,2-diazepine core bearing 5-NO2 at R1 and 4-OH at R2 was the most potent and selective AChE inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.98 ± 1.07 µM with no significant inhibition against BChE while 5j was the most active analog against both AChE and BChE enzymes. The structure-activity relationships suggested the variation in the inhibitory activities of derivatives was affected by different substitutions on the indolinone ring as well as the phenyl moiety. The enzyme kinetic studies of the most potent compound 5l at five different concentrations and acetylthiocholine substrate (0.1-1 mM) by Ellman's method revealed that it inhibited AChE in a mixed mode with a Ki of 0.044 μM. A molecular docking study was performed via induced fit docking protocol to predict the putative binding interaction. It was shown that the moieties used in the initial structure design play a fundamental role in interacting with the enzyme's binding site. Further, molecular dynamics simulations with the Schrödinger package were performed for 5l in a complex with AChE and revealed that compound 5l formed the stable complex with the enzyme. The MTT toxicity assessments against the neuroblastoma cell line were executed, and no toxicity was seen for 5l under the tested concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hormoz Pourtaher
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran
| | - Alireza Hasaninejad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
| | - Shahrokh Zare
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kerr NR, Kelty TJ, Mao X, Childs TE, Kline DD, Rector RS, Booth FW. Selective breeding for physical inactivity produces cognitive deficits via altered hippocampal mitochondrial and synaptic function. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1147420. [PMID: 37077501 PMCID: PMC10106691 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1147420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity is the 4th leading cause of death globally and has been shown to significantly increase the risk for developing Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Recent work has demonstrated that exercise prior to breeding produces heritable benefits to the brains of offspring, suggesting that the physical activity status of previous generations could play an important role in one's brain health and their subsequent risk for neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, our study aimed to test the hypothesis that selective breeding for physical inactivity, or for high physical activity, preference produces heritable deficits and enhancements to brain health, respectively. To evaluate this hypothesis, male and female sedentary Low Voluntary Runners (LVR), wild type (WT), and High Voluntary Runner (HVR) rats underwent cognitive behavioral testing, analysis of hippocampal neurogenesis and mitochondrial respiration, and molecular analysis of the dentate gyrus. These analyses revealed that selecting for physical inactivity preference has produced major detriments to cognition, brain mitochondrial respiration, and neurogenesis in female LVR while female HVR display enhancements in brain glucose metabolism and hippocampal size. On the contrary, male LVR and HVR showed very few differences in these parameters relative to WT. Overall, we provide evidence that selective breeding for physical inactivity has a heritable and detrimental effect on brain health and that the female brain appears to be more susceptible to these effects. This emphasizes the importance of remaining physically active as chronic intergenerational physical inactivity likely increases susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases for both the inactive individual and their offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Kerr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Taylor J. Kelty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Xuansong Mao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Thomas E. Childs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - David D. Kline
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - R. Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Frank W. Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Widjaya MA, Cheng YJ, Kuo YM, Liu CH, Cheng WC, Lee SD. Transcriptomic Analyses of Exercise Training in Alzheimer's Disease Cerebral Cortex. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:349-363. [PMID: 36970901 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research reported exercise could reduce Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms in human and animals. However, the molecular mechanism of exercise training via transcriptomic analysis was unclear especially in AD in the cortex area. OBJECTIVE Investigate potential significant pathways in the cortex area that were affected by exercise during AD. METHODS RNA-seq analysis, differential expressed genes, functional enrichment analysis, and GSOAP clustering analysis were performed in the isolated cerebral cortex from eight 3xTg AD mice (12 weeks old) randomly and equally divided into control (AD) and exercise training (AD-EX) group. Swimming exercise training in AD-EX group was conducted 30 min/day for 1 month. RESULTS There were 412 genes significant differentially expressed in AD-EX group compared to AD group. Top 10 upregulated genes in AD-EX group against AD group mostly correlated with neuroinflammation, while top 10 downregulated genes mostly had connection with vascularization, membrane transport, learning memory, and chemokine signal. Pathway analysis revealed the upregulated interferon alpha beta signaling in AD-EX had association with cytokines delivery in microglia cells compared to AD and top 10 upregulated genes involved in interferon alpha beta were Usp18, Isg15, Mx1, Mx2, Stat1, Oas1a, and Irf9; The downregulated extracellular matrix organization in AD-EX had correlation with Aβ and neuron cells interaction and Vtn was one of the top 10 downregulated genes involved in this pathway. CONCLUSION Exercise training influenced 3xTg mice cortex through interferon alpha beta signaling upregulation and extracellular matrix organization downregulation based on transcriptomics analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Anekson Widjaya
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Cheng
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Liu
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| |
Collapse
|