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Bara S, Jajčišinová E, Cocolios TE, Andel B, Antalic S, Camaiani A, Costache C, Dockx K, Farooq-Smith GJ, Kellerbauer A, Lica R, Lynch KM, Marini P, Piersa-Siłkowska M, Stegemann ST, Stryjczyk M, Treasa D, Van Duppen P. Half-life determination of 215At and 221Ra with high-purity radioactive ion beams. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 208:111289. [PMID: 38508063 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
At CERN-ISOLDE, high-purity radioactive ion beams of 219Fr and 221RaF were investigated with α-decay spectroscopy at the CRIS and ASET experiments in the course of three different experimental campaigns. The half-life of 215At, α-decay daughter of 219Fr, is measured to be 36.3(3)[9]μs, and that of 221Ra was determined to be 26.2(1)[6]s, both of which are well in line with the trends in this region of the nuclear landscape but at odds with some of the reported literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bara
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - E Jajčišinová
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - T E Cocolios
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Andel
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84248, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - S Antalic
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84248, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - A Camaiani
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Firenze, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - C Costache
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, RO-077125, Bucharest, Romania
| | - K Dockx
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G J Farooq-Smith
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology Physics, Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Kellerbauer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Lica
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, RO-077125, Bucharest, Romania
| | - K M Lynch
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - P Marini
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, LP2I, UMR 5797, F-33170, Gradignan, France
| | - M Piersa-Siłkowska
- CERN, CH-1211, Geneve 23, Switzerland; Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, PL 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S T Stegemann
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; CERN, CH-1211, Geneve 23, Switzerland
| | - M Stryjczyk
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Physics, Accelerator laboratory, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - D Treasa
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, LP2I, UMR 5797, F-33170, Gradignan, France
| | - P Van Duppen
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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Jajčišinová E, Dockx K, Au M, Bara S, Cocolios TE, Chrysalidis K, Farooq-Smith GJ, Fedorov DV, Fedosseev VN, Flanagan KT, Heines M, Houngbo D, Johnson JD, Kellerbauer A, Kraemer S, Marsh BA, Popescu L, Ramos JP, Rothe S, Seliverstov MD, Sels S, Stegemann S, Stryjczyk M, Verelst V. Production study of Fr, Ra and Ac radioactive ion beams at ISOLDE, CERN. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11033. [PMID: 38744912 PMCID: PMC11094045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The presented paper discusses the production of radioactive ion beams of francium, radium, and actinium from thick uranium carbide (UCx ) targets at ISOLDE, CERN. This study focuses on the release curves and extractable yields of francium, radium and actinium isotopes. The ion source temperature was varied in order to study the relative contributions of surface and laser ionization to the production of the actinium ion beams. The experimental results are presented in the form of release parameters. Representative extractable yields per μ C are presented for222 - 231 Ac, several Ra and Fr isotopes in the mass ranges 214 ≤ A ≤ 233 and 205 ≤ A ≤ 231 respectively. The release efficiency for several isotopes of each of the studied elements was calculated by comparing their yields to the estimated in-target production rates modeled by CERN-FLUKA. The maximal extraction efficiency of actinium was calculated to be 2.1(6)% for a combination of surface ionization using a Ta ion source and resonant laser ionization using the two-step 438.58 nm, and 424.69 nm scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jajčišinová
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Karlsruhe, Germany.
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - K Dockx
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Au
- CERN, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S Bara
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Leuven, Belgium
| | - T E Cocolios
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - G J Farooq-Smith
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology Physics, Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D V Fedorov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - K T Flanagan
- Photon Science Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M Heines
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - J D Johnson
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Kellerbauer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Kraemer
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - J P Ramos
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Leuven, Belgium
- CERN, Geneva 23, Switzerland
- SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - S Rothe
- CERN, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - M D Seliverstov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Sels
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Stegemann
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Leuven, Belgium
- CERN, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - M Stryjczyk
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Leuven, Belgium
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Physics, Accelerator laboratory, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - V Verelst
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Leuven, Belgium
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Hooijman EL, Radchenko V, Ling SW, Konijnenberg M, Brabander T, Koolen SLW, de Blois E. Implementing Ac-225 labelled radiopharmaceuticals: practical considerations and (pre-)clinical perspectives. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:9. [PMID: 38319526 PMCID: PMC10847084 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past years, there has been a notable increase in interest regarding targeted alpha therapy using Ac-225, driven by the observed promising clinical anti-tumor effects. As the production and technology has advanced, the availability of Ac-225 is expected to increase in the near future, making the treatment available to patients worldwide. MAIN BODY Ac-225 can be labelled to different biological vectors, whereby the success of developing a radiopharmaceutical depends heavily on the labelling conditions, purity of the radionuclide source, chelator, and type of quenchers used to avoid radiolysis. Multiple (methodological) challenges need to be overcome when working with Ac-225; as alpha-emission detection is time consuming and highly geometry dependent, a gamma co-emission is used, but has to be in equilibrium with the mother-nuclide. Because of the high impact of alpha emitters in vivo it is highly recommended to cross-calibrate the Ac-225 measurements for used quality control (QC) techniques (radio-TLC, HPLC, HP-Ge detector, and gamma counter). More strict health physics regulations apply, as Ac-225 has a high toxicity, thereby limiting practical handling and quantities used for QC analysis. CONCLUSION This overview focuses specifically on the practical and methodological challenges when working with Ac-225 labelled radiopharmaceuticals, and underlines the required infrastructure and (detection) methods for the (pre-)clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline L Hooijman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Sui Wai Ling
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Konijnenberg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Brabander
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn L W Koolen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Blois
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Jalloul W, Ghizdovat V, Stolniceanu CR, Ionescu T, Grierosu IC, Pavaleanu I, Moscalu M, Stefanescu C. Targeted Alpha Therapy: All We Need to Know about 225Ac's Physical Characteristics and Production as a Potential Theranostic Radionuclide. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1679. [PMID: 38139806 PMCID: PMC10747780 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The high energy of α emitters, and the strong linear energy transfer that goes along with it, lead to very efficient cell killing through DNA damage. Moreover, the degree of oxygenation and the cell cycle state have no impact on these effects. Therefore, α radioisotopes can offer a treatment choice to individuals who are not responding to β- or gamma-radiation therapy or chemotherapy drugs. Only a few α-particle emitters are suitable for targeted alpha therapy (TAT) and clinical applications. The majority of available clinical research involves 225Ac and its daughter nuclide 213Bi. Additionally, the 225Ac disintegration cascade generates γ decays that can be used in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, expanding the potential theranostic applications in nuclear medicine. Despite the growing interest in applying 225Ac, the restricted global accessibility of this radioisotope makes it difficult to conduct extensive clinical trials for many radiopharmaceutical candidates. To boost the availability of 225Ac, along with its clinical and potential theranostic applications, this review attempts to highlight the fundamental physical properties of this α-particle-emitting isotope, as well as its existing and possible production methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Jalloul
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- North East Regional Innovative Cluster for Structural and Molecular Imaging (Imago-Mol), 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vlad Ghizdovat
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- North East Regional Innovative Cluster for Structural and Molecular Imaging (Imago-Mol), 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cati Raluca Stolniceanu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- North East Regional Innovative Cluster for Structural and Molecular Imaging (Imago-Mol), 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Teodor Ionescu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (Pathophysiology), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irena Cristina Grierosu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Pavaleanu
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Moscalu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cipriana Stefanescu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- North East Regional Innovative Cluster for Structural and Molecular Imaging (Imago-Mol), 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Hassan M, Bokhari TH, Lodhi NA, Khosa MK, Usman M. A review of recent advancements in Actinium-225 labeled compounds and biomolecules for therapeutic purposes. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1276-1292. [PMID: 37715360 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
In nuclear medicine, cancers that cannot be cured or can only be treated partially by traditional techniques like surgery or chemotherapy are killed by ionizing radiation as a form of therapeutic treatment. Actinium-225 is an alpha-emitting radionuclide that is highly encouraging as a therapeutic approach and more promising for targeted alpha therapy (TAT). Actinium-225 is the best candidate for tumor cells treatment and has physical characteristics such as high (LET) linear energy transfer (150 keV per μm), half-life (t1/2 = 9.92d), and short ranges (400-100 μm) which prevent the damage of normal healthy tissues. The introduction of various new radiopharmaceuticals and radioisotopes has significantly assisted the advancement of nuclear medicine. Ac-225 radiopharmaceuticals continuously demonstrate their potential as targeted alpha therapeutics. 225 Ac-labeled radiopharmaceuticals have confirmed their importance in medical and clinical areas by introducing [225 Ac]Ac-PSMA-617, [225 Ac]Ac-DOTATOC, [225 Ac]Ac-DOTA-substance-P, reported significantly improved response in patients with prostate cancer, neuroendocrine, and glioma, respectively. The development of these radiopharmaceuticals required a suitable buffer, incubation time, optimal pH, and reaction temperature. There is a growing need to standardize quality control (QC) testing techniques such as radiochemical purity (RCP). This review aims to summarize the development of the Ac-225 labeled compounds and biomolecules. The current state of their reported resulting clinical applications is also summarized as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Nadeem Ahmed Lodhi
- Isotope Production Division, Pakistan institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (PINSTECH), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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