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Chakraborty J, Chatterjee A, Molkens K, Nath I, Arenas Esteban D, Bourda L, Watson G, Liu C, Van Thourhout D, Bals S, Geiregat P, Van der Voort P. Decoding Excimer Formation in Covalent-Organic Frameworks Induced by Morphology and Ring Torsion. Adv Mater 2024:e2314056. [PMID: 38618981 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
A thorough and quantitative understanding of the fate of excitons in covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) after photoexcitation is essential for their augmented optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications via precise structure tuning. The synthesis of a library of COFs having identical chemical backbone with impeded conjugation, but varied morphology and surface topography to study the effect of these physical properties on the photophysics of the materials is herein reported. The variation of crystallite size and surface topography substantified different aggregation pattern in the COFs, which leads to disparities in their photoexcitation and relaxation properties. Depending on aggregation, an inverse correlation between bulk luminescence decay time and exciton binding energy of the materials is perceived. Further transient absorption spectroscopic analysis confirms the presence of highly localized, immobile, Frenkel excitons (of diameter 0.3-0.5 nm) via an absence of annihilation at high density, most likely induced by structural torsion of the COF skeletons, which in turn preferentially relaxes via long-lived (nanosecond to microsecond) excimer formation (in femtosecond scale) over direct emission. These insights underpin the importance of structural and topological design of COFs for their targeted use in photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeet Chakraborty
- Centre for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Amrita Chatterjee
- Centre for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Korneel Molkens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- NOLIMITS, Center for Non-Linear Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Photonics Research Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Ipsita Nath
- Centre for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Daniel Arenas Esteban
- EMAT-Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
| | - Laurens Bourda
- Centre for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Geert Watson
- Centre for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Chunhui Liu
- Centre for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- NanoSensing Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281S3, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Dries Van Thourhout
- NOLIMITS, Center for Non-Linear Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Photonics Research Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Photonics Research Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Pieter Geiregat
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- NOLIMITS, Center for Non-Linear Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Pascal Van der Voort
- Centre for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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Schmidt MR, Barcons-Simon A, Rabuffo C, Siegel T. Smoother: on-the-fly processing of interactome data using prefix sums. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:e23. [PMID: 38281191 PMCID: PMC10954447 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid interactome data, such as chromosome conformation capture data and RNA-DNA interactome data, are currently analyzed via pipelines that must be rerun for each new parameter set. A more dynamic approach is desirable since the optimal parameter set is commonly unknown ahead of time and rerunning pipelines is a time-consuming process. We have developed an approach fast enough to process interactome data on-the-fly using a sparse prefix sum index. With this index, we created Smoother, a flexible, multifeatured visualization and analysis tool that allows interactive filtering, e.g. by mapping quality, almost instant comparisons between different normalization approaches, e.g. iterative correction, and ploidy correction. Further, Smoother can overlay other sequencing data or genomic annotations, compare different samples, and perform virtual 4C analysis. Smoother permits a novel way to interact with and explore interactome data, fostering comprehensive, high-quality data analysis. Smoother is available at https://github.com/Siegel-Lab/BioSmoother under the MIT license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus R Schmidt
- Division of Experimental Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Barcons-Simon
- Division of Experimental Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Rabuffo
- Division of Experimental Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - T Nicolai Siegel
- Division of Experimental Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Olschewski S, Spektor MS, Le Mens G. Frequent winners explain apparent skewness preferences in experience-based decisions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317751121. [PMID: 38489382 PMCID: PMC10962955 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317751121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Do people's attitudes toward the (a)symmetry of an outcome distribution affect their choices? Financial investors seek return distributions with frequent small returns but few large ones, consistent with leading models of choice in economics and finance that assume right-skewed preferences. In contrast, many experiments in which decision-makers learn about choice options through experience find the opposite choice tendency, in favor of left-skewed options. To reconcile these seemingly contradicting findings, the present work investigates the effect of skewness on choices in experience-based decisions. Across seven studies, we show that apparent preferences for left-skewed outcome distributions are a consequence of those distributions having a higher value in most direct outcome comparisons, a "frequent-winner effect." By manipulating which option is the frequent winner, we show that choice tendencies for frequent winners can be obtained even with identical outcome distributions. Moreover, systematic choice tendencies in favor of right- or left-skewed options can be obtained by manipulating which option is experienced as the frequent winner. We also find evidence for an intrinsic preference for right-skewed outcome distributions. The frequent-winner phenomenon is robust to variations in outcome distributions and experimental paradigms. These findings are confirmed by computational analyses in which a reinforcement-learning model capturing frequent winning and intrinsic skewness preferences provides the best account of the data. Our work reconciles conflicting findings of aggregated behavior in financial markets and experiments and highlights the need for theories of decision-making sensitive to joint outcome distributions of the available options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Olschewski
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, 4055Basel, Switzerland
- Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, CV4 7EQCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - Mikhail S. Spektor
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, CV4 7EQCoventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08005Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gaël Le Mens
- Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08005Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona School of Economics (BSE), Barcelona08005, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra–Barcelona School of Management, 08008Barcelona, Spain
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Ravigné V, Rodrigues LR, Charlery de la Masselière M, Facon B, Kuczyński L, Radwan J, Skoracka A, Magalhães S. Understanding the joint evolution of dispersal and host specialisation using phytophagous arthropods as a model group. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:219-237. [PMID: 37724465 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Theory generally predicts that host specialisation and dispersal should evolve jointly. Indeed, many models predict that specialists should be poor dispersers to avoid landing on unsuitable hosts while generalists will have high dispersal abilities. Phytophagous arthropods are an excellent group to test this prediction, given extensive variation in their host range and dispersal abilities. Here, we explore the degree to which the empirical literature on this group is in accordance with theoretical predictions. We first briefly outline the theoretical reasons to expect such a correlation. We then report empirical studies that measured both dispersal and the degree of specialisation in phytophagous arthropods. We find a correlation between dispersal and levels of specialisation in some studies, but with wide variation in this result. We then review theoretical attributes of species and environment that may blur this correlation, namely environmental grain, temporal heterogeneity, habitat selection, genetic architecture, and coevolution between plants and herbivores. We argue that theoretical models fail to account for important aspects, such as phenotypic plasticity and the impact of selective forces stemming from other biotic interactions, on both dispersal and specialisation. Next, we review empirical caveats in the study of this interplay. We find that studies use different measures of both dispersal and specialisation, hampering comparisons. Moreover, several studies do not provide independent measures of these two traits. Finally, variation in these traits may occur at scales that are not being considered. We conclude that this correlation is likely not to be expected from large-scale comparative analyses as it is highly context dependent and should not be considered in isolation from the factors that modulate it, such as environmental scale and heterogeneity, intrinsic traits or biotic interactions. A stronger crosstalk between theoretical and empirical studies is needed to understand better the prevalence and basis of the correlation between dispersal and specialisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Ravigné
- CIRAD, UMR PHIM, - PHIM, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, TA A-120/K, Campus international de Baillarguet, avenue du Campus d'Agropolis, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34398, France
| | - Leonor R Rodrigues
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, edifício C2, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Maud Charlery de la Masselière
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, edifício C2, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Benoît Facon
- CBGP, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis, CS 34988, Montferrier sur Lez cedex, 30016, France
| | - Lechosław Kuczyński
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Jacek Radwan
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Anna Skoracka
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Sara Magalhães
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, edifício C2, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
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Bouws J, Henrard A, de Koning M, Schirmbeck F, van Ghesel Grothe S, van Aubel E, Reininghaus U, de Haan L, Myin-Germeys I. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for individuals at risk for psychosis or with a first psychotic episode: A qualitative study on patients' perspectives. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024; 18:122-131. [PMID: 37212359 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this qualitative study is to explore patients' perspectives on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for early stages of psychosis. Therefore, we interviewed participants of the INTERACT study, that quantitatively investigated Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Daily Life (ACT-DL) in combination with treatment as usual, for early stages of psychosis, comparing it to treatment as usual. METHODS Within 6 months after finishing ACT-DL, we conducted semi-structured, individual interviews with 19 participants. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was used for coding and analysis. RESULTS Two overarching themes were formed: 'the meaning of ACT' and 'what to improve'. Considering the first, participants generally understood and connected with the meaning of ACT, noticing more awareness and acceptance of their thoughts and feelings, and living more in line with their personal values. The second theme included comments on the protocol not being personal or psychosis specific enough and some elements of ACT being too difficult to understand when having active psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that ACT is an acceptable and promising new form of treatment for early stages of psychosis, and it provides relevant information to further develop ACT for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jara Bouws
- Department of Research, Arkin, Centre for Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ann Henrard
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Centre for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mariken de Koning
- Department of Research, Arkin, Centre for Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike Schirmbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Evelyne van Aubel
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Centre for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Centre for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Centre for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Huang C, Sun W, Jin Y, Guo Q, Mücke D, Chu X, Liao Z, Chandrasekhar N, Huang X, Lu Y, Chen G, Wang M, Liu J, Zhang G, Yu M, Qi H, Kaiser U, Xu G, Feng X, Dong R. A General Synthesis of Nanostructured Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks from Insulating MOF Precursors for Supercapacitors and Chemiresistive Sensors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313591. [PMID: 38011010 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs) are emerging as a unique subclass of layer-stacked crystalline coordination polymers that simultaneously possess porous and conductive properties, and have broad application potential in energy and electronic devices. However, to make the best use of the intrinsic electronic properties and structural features of 2D c-MOFs, the controlled synthesis of hierarchically nanostructured 2D c-MOFs with high crystallinity and customized morphologies is essential, which remains a great challenge. Herein, we present a template strategy to synthesize a library of 2D c-MOFs with controlled morphologies and dimensions via insulating MOFs-to-c-MOFs transformations. The resultant hierarchically nanostructured 2D c-MOFs feature intrinsic electrical conductivity and higher surface areas than the reported bulk-type 2D c-MOFs, which are beneficial for improved access to active sites and enhanced mass transport. As proof-of-concept applications, the hierarchically nanostructured 2D c-MOFs exhibit a superior performance for electrical properties related applications (hollow Cu-BHT nanocubes-based supercapacitor and Cu-HHB nanoflowers-based chemiresistive gas sensor), achieving over 225 % and 250 % improvement in specific capacity and response intensity over the corresponding bulk type c-MOFs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhui Huang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Weiming Sun
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yingxue Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Techniques toward Hydrogen Energy, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Quanquan Guo
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Mücke
- Central Facility for Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Universität Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Xingyuan Chu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhongquan Liao
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (IKTS), Maria-Reiche-Strasse 2, 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - Naisa Chandrasekhar
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xing Huang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yang Lu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Guangbo Chen
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mingchao Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Geping Zhang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Minghao Yu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Central Facility for Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Universität Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility for Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Universität Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Techniques toward Hydrogen Energy, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Synthetic Materials and Functional Devices, Max Planck Institute for Microstructure Physics, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
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Prohaska A, Seddon AWR, Rach O, Smith A, Sachse D, Willis KJ. Long-term ecological responses of a lowland dipterocarp forest to climate changes and nutrient availability. New Phytol 2023; 240:2513-2529. [PMID: 37604200 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the long-term impact of projected climate change on tropical rainforests is critical given their central role in the Earth's system. Palaeoecological records can provide a valuable perspective on this problem. Here, we examine the effects of past climatic changes on the dominant forest type of Southeast Asia - lowland dipterocarp forest. We use a range of proxies extracted from a 1400-yr-old lacustrine sedimentary sequence from north-eastern Philippines to determine long-term vegetation responses of lowland dipterocarp forest, including its dominant tree group dipterocarps, to changes in precipitation, fire and nutrient availability over time. Our results show a positive relationship between dipterocarp pollen accumulation rates (PARs) and leaf wax hydrogen isotope values, which suggests a negative effect of drier conditions on dipterocarp abundance. Furthermore, we find a positive relationship between dipterocarp PARs and the proxy for phosphorus availability, which suggests phosphorus controls the productivity of these keystone trees on longer time scales. Other pollen taxa show widely varying relationships with the abiotic factors, demonstrating a high diversity of plant functional responses. Our findings provide novel insights into lowland dipterocarp forest responses to changing climatic conditions in the past and highlight potential impacts of future climate change on this globally important ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Prohaska
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Alistair W R Seddon
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, NO-5020, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, NO-5020, Norway
| | - Oliver Rach
- Section 4.6: Geomorphology, Organic Surface Geochemistry Lab, Centre for Geosciences, GFZ-German Research, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
| | - Andrew Smith
- National Environmental Isotope Facility, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Dirk Sachse
- Section 4.6: Geomorphology, Organic Surface Geochemistry Lab, Centre for Geosciences, GFZ-German Research, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
| | - Katherine J Willis
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
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Nallet C, Berent I, Werker JF, Gervain J. The neonate brain's sensitivity to repetition-based structure: Specific to speech? Dev Sci 2023; 26:e13408. [PMID: 37138509 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Newborns are able to extract and learn repetition-based regularities from the speech input, that is, they show greater brain activation in the bilateral temporal and left inferior frontal regions to trisyllabic pseudowords of the form AAB (e.g., "babamu") than to random ABC sequences (e.g., "bamuge"). Whether this ability is specific to speech or also applies to other auditory stimuli remains unexplored. To investigate this, we tested whether newborns are sensitive to regularities in musical tones. Neonates listened to AAB and ABC tones sequences, while their brain activity was recorded using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). The paradigm, the frequency of occurrence and the distribution of the tones were identical to those of the syllables used in previous studies with speech. We observed a greater inverted (negative) hemodynamic response to AAB than to ABC sequences in the bilateral temporal and fronto-parietal areas. This inverted response was caused by a decrease in response amplitude, attributed to habituation, over the course of the experiment in the left fronto-temporal region for the ABC condition and in the right fronto-temporal region for both conditions. These findings show that newborns' ability to discriminate AAB from ABC sequences is not specific to speech. However, the neural response to musical tones and spoken language is markedly different. Tones gave rise to habituation, whereas speech was shown to trigger increasing responses over the time course of the study. Relatedly, the repetition regularity gave rise to an inverted hemodynamic response when carried by tones, while it was canonical for speech. Thus, newborns' ability to detect repetition is not speech-specific, but it engages distinct brain mechanisms for speech and music. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The ability of newborns' to detect repetition-based regularities is not specific to speech, but also extends to other auditory modalities. The brain mechanisms underlying speech and music processing are markedly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Nallet
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Iris Berent
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janet F Werker
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Judit Gervain
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
- Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, CNRS & University of Paris, Paris, France
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Gao M, Wang Z, Liu Z, Huang Y, Wang F, Wang M, Yang S, Li J, Liu J, Qi H, Zhang P, Lu X, Feng X. 2D Conjugated Metal-Organic Frameworks Embedded with Iodine for High-Performance Ammonium-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2305575. [PMID: 37608530 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium ions (NH4 + ) are emerging non-metallic charge carriers for advanced electrochemical energy storage devices, due to their low cost, elemental abundance, and environmental benignity. However, finding suitable electrode materials to achieve rapid diffusion kinetics for NH4 + storage remains a great challenge. Herein, a 2D conjugated metal-organic framework (2D c-MOF) for immobilizing iodine, as a high-performance cathode material for NH4 + hybrid supercapacitors, is reported. Cu-HHB (HHB = hexahydroxybenzene) MOF embedded with iodine (Cu-HHB/I2 ) features excellent electrical conductivity, highly porous structure, and rich accessible active sites of copper-bis(dihydroxy) (Cu─O4 ) and iodide species, resulting in a remarkable areal capacitance of 111.7 mF cm-2 at 0.4 mA cm-2 . Experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that the Cu─O4 species in Cu-HHB play a critical role in binding polyiodide and suppressing its dissolution, as well as contributing to a large pseudocapacitance with adsorbed iodide. In combination with a porous MXene anode, the full NH4 + hybrid supercapacitors deliver an excellent energy density of 31.5 mWh cm-2 and long-term cycling stability with 89.5% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles, superior to those of the state-of-the-art NH4 + hybrid supercapacitors. This study sheds light on the material design for NH4 + storage, enabling the development of novel high-performance energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Synthetic Materials and Functional Devices, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Zaichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Faxing Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mingchao Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sheng Yang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Central Facility of Electron Microscopy Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Universität Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Panpan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Synthetic Materials and Functional Devices, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Liu X, Wu J, Tang J, Xu Z, Zhou B, Liu Y, Hu F, Zhang G, Cheng R, Xia X, Chen Y, Wu H, Wang D, Yue J, Dong B, Fu J, Yu H, Dong B. Prevotella copri alleviates sarcopenia via attenuating muscle mass loss and function decline. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2275-2288. [PMID: 37591518 PMCID: PMC10570070 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome and fecal metabolites have been found to influence sarcopenia, but whether there are potential bacteria that can alleviate sarcopenia has been under-investigated, and the molecular mechanism remains unclear. METHODS To investigate the relationships between the gut microbiome, fecal metabolites and sarcopenia, subjects were selected from observational multi-ethnic study conducted in Western China. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2014. The gut microbiome was profiled by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Untargeted metabolomic analysis was performed to analyse the differences in fecal metabolites. We investigated bacterium with the greatest relative abundance difference between healthy individuals and sarcopenia patients, and the differences in metabolites associated with the bacteria, to verify its effects on muscle mass and function in a mouse model. RESULTS The study included 283 participants (68.90% females, mean age: 66.66 years old) with and without sarcopenia (141 and 142 participants, respectively) and from the Han (98 participants), Zang (88 participants) and Qiang (97 participants) ethnic groups. This showed an overall reduction (15.03% vs. 20.77%, P = 0.01) of Prevotella copri between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia subjects across the three ethnic groups. Functional characterization of the differential bacteria showed enrichment (odds ratio = 15.97, P = 0.0068) in branched chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism in non-sarcopenia group. A total of 13 BCAA and their derivatives have relatively low levels in sarcopenia. In the in vivo experiment, we found that the blood BCAA level was higher in the mice gavaged with live P. copri (LPC) (P < 0.001). The LPC mice had significantly longer wire and grid hanging time (P < 0.02), longer time on rotor (P = 0.0001) and larger grip strength (P < 0.0001), indicating better muscle function. The weight of gastrocnemius mass and rectus femoris mass (P < 0.05) was higher in LPC mice. The micro-computed tomography showed a larger leg area (P = 0.0031), and a small animal analyser showed a higher lean mass ratio in LPC mice (P = 0.0157), indicating higher muscle mass. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that there were lower levels of both P. copri and BCAA in sarcopenia individuals. In vivo experiments, gavage with LPC could attenuate muscle mass and function decline, indicating alleviating sarcopenia. This suggested that P. copri may play a therapeutic potential role in the management of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jiqiu Wu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital/West China School of MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Genetics, University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jingyi Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Basic MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Zhigang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Bailing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medical oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer CenterMedicine School of University of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengduChina
| | - Fengjuan Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Gongchang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Rui Cheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xin Xia
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yilong Chen
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital/West China School of MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Med‐X Center for InformaticsSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hongyu Wu
- The College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Daoming Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jirong Yue
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Biao Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics, University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Haopeng Yu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital/West China School of MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Med‐X Center for InformaticsSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Birong Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Monsorno K, Ginggen K, Ivanov A, Buckinx A, Lalive AL, Tchenio A, Benson S, Vendrell M, D'Alessandro A, Beule D, Pellerin L, Mameli M, Paolicelli RC. Loss of microglial MCT4 leads to defective synaptic pruning and anxiety-like behavior in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5749. [PMID: 37717033 PMCID: PMC10505217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system, actively participate in brain development by supporting neuronal maturation and refining synaptic connections. These cells are emerging as highly metabolically flexible, able to oxidize different energetic substrates to meet their energy demand. Lactate is particularly abundant in the brain, but whether microglia use it as a metabolic fuel has been poorly explored. Here we show that microglia can import lactate, and this is coupled with increased lysosomal acidification. In vitro, loss of the monocarboxylate transporter MCT4 in microglia prevents lactate-induced lysosomal modulation and leads to defective cargo degradation. Microglial depletion of MCT4 in vivo leads to impaired synaptic pruning, associated with increased excitation in hippocampal neurons, enhanced AMPA/GABA ratio, vulnerability to seizures and anxiety-like phenotype. Overall, these findings show that selective disruption of the MCT4 transporter in microglia is sufficient to alter synapse refinement and to induce defects in mouse brain development and adult behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Monsorno
- University of Lausanne, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kyllian Ginggen
- University of Lausanne, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andranik Ivanov
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - An Buckinx
- University of Lausanne, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud L Lalive
- University of Lausanne, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Tchenio
- University of Lausanne, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sam Benson
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Vendrell
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Dieter Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Inserm U1313, University of Poitiers and CHU of Poitiers, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Manuel Mameli
- University of Lausanne, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Kachwal V, Tan J. Stimuli-Responsive Electrospun Fluorescent Fibers Augmented with Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) for Smart Applications. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 10:e2204848. [PMID: 36373688 PMCID: PMC9811457 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses the latest advancements in the integration of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials with polymer electrospinning, to accomplish fine-scale electrospun fibers with tunable photophysical and photochemical properties. Micro- and nanoscale fibers augmented with AIE dyes (termed AIEgens) are bespoke composite systems that can overcome the limitation posed by aggregation-caused quenching, a critical deficiency of conventional luminescent materials. This review comprises three parts. First, the reader is exposed to the basic concepts of AIE and the fundamental mechanisms underpinning the restriction of intermolecular motions. This is followed by an introduction to electrospinning techniques pertinent to AIE-based fibers, and the core parameters for controlling fiber architecture and resultant properties. Second, exemplars are drawn from latest research to demonstrate how electrospun nanofibers and porous films incorporating modified AIEgens (especially tetraphenylethylene and triphenylamine derivatives) can yield enhanced photostability, photothermal properties, photoefficiency (quantum yield), and improved device sensitivity. Advanced applications are drawn from several promising sectors, encompassing optoelectronics, drug delivery and biology, chemosensors and mechanochromic sensors, and innovative photothermal devices, among others. Finally, the outstanding challenges together with potential opportunities in the nascent field of electrospun AIE-active fibers are presented, for stimulating frontier research and explorations in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kachwal
- Multifunctional Materials & Composites (MMC) LaboratoryDepartment of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxfordOX1 3PJUK
| | - Jin‐Chong Tan
- Multifunctional Materials & Composites (MMC) LaboratoryDepartment of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxfordOX1 3PJUK
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13
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Vanneste T, Van Den Berge S, Brunet J, Hedwall PO, Verheyen K, De Frenne P. Temperature effects on forest understorey plants in hedgerows: a combined warming and transplant experiment. Ann Bot 2021; 128:315-327. [PMID: 34057991 PMCID: PMC8389467 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hedgerows have been shown to improve forest connectivity, leading to an increased probability of species tracking the shifting bioclimatic envelopes. However, it is still unknown how species in hedgerows respond to temperature changes, and whether effects differ compared with those in nearby forests. We aimed to elucidate how ongoing changes in the climate system will affect the efficiency of hedgerows in supporting forest plant persistence and migration in agricultural landscapes. METHODS Here we report results from the first warming experiment in hedgerows. We combined reciprocal transplantation of plants along an 860-km latitudinal transect with experimental warming to assess the effects of temperature on vegetative growth and reproduction of two common forest herbs (Anemone nemorosa and Geum urbanum) in hedgerows versus forests. KEY RESULTS Both species grew taller and produced more biomass in forests than in hedgerows, most likely due to higher competition with ruderals and graminoids in hedgerows. Adult plant performance of both species generally benefitted from experimental warming, despite lower survival of A. nemorosa in heated plots. Transplantation affected the species differently: A. nemorosa plants grew taller, produced more biomass and showed higher survival when transplanted at their home site, indicating local adaptation, while individuals of G. urbanum showed greater height, biomass, reproductive output and survival when transplanted northwards, likely owing to the higher light availability associated with increasing photoperiod during the growing season. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that some forest herbs can show phenotypic plasticity to warming temperatures, potentially increasing their ability to benefit from hedgerows as ecological corridors. Our study thus provides novel insights into the impacts of climate change on understorey plant community dynamics in hedgerows, and how rising temperature can influence the efficiency of these corridors to assist forest species' persistence and colonization within and beyond their current distribution range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vanneste
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Sanne Van Den Berge
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 3, 234 56 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Hedwall
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 3, 234 56 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
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Šedajová V, Jakubec P, Bakandritsos A, Ranc V, Otyepka M. New Limits for Stability of Supercapacitor Electrode Material Based on Graphene Derivative. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E1731. [PMID: 32878342 PMCID: PMC7558132 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Supercapacitors offer a promising alternative to batteries, especially due to their excellent power density and fast charging rate capability. However, the cycling stability and material synthesis reproducibility need to be significantly improved to enhance the reliability and durability of supercapacitors in practical applications. Graphene acid (GA) is a conductive graphene derivative dispersible in water that can be prepared on a large scale from fluorographene. Here, we report a synthesis protocol with high reproducibility for preparing GA. The charging/discharging rate stability and cycling stability of GA were tested in a two-electrode cell with a sulfuric acid electrolyte. The rate stability test revealed that GA could be repeatedly measured at current densities ranging from 1 to 20 A g-1 without any capacitance loss. The cycling stability experiment showed that even after 60,000 cycles, the material kept 95.3% of its specific capacitance at a high current density of 3 A g-1. The findings suggested that covalent graphene derivatives are lightweight electrode materials suitable for developing supercapacitors with extremely high durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Šedajová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.Š.); (A.B.); (V.R.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jakubec
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.Š.); (A.B.); (V.R.)
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.Š.); (A.B.); (V.R.)
| | - Václav Ranc
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.Š.); (A.B.); (V.R.)
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.Š.); (A.B.); (V.R.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Fernandez A, Thompson EJ, Pollard JW, Kitamura T, Vendrell M. A Fluorescent Activatable AND-Gate Chemokine CCL2 Enables In Vivo Detection of Metastasis-Associated Macrophages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16894-16898. [PMID: 31535788 PMCID: PMC6900180 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the novel chemical design of fluorescent activatable chemokines as highly specific functional probes for imaging subpopulations of immune cells in live tumours. Activatable chemokines behave as AND-gates since they emit only after receptor binding and intracellular activation, showing enhanced selectivity over existing agents. We have applied this strategy to produce mCCL2-MAF as the first probe for in vivo detection of metastasis-associated macrophages in a preclinical model of lung metastasis. This strategy will accelerate the preparation of new chemokine-based probes for imaging immune cell function in tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fernandez
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh47 Little France CrescentEH16 4TJEdinburghUK
| | - Emily J. Thompson
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh47 Little France CrescentEH16 4TJEdinburghUK
| | - Jeffrey W. Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of Edinburgh47 Little France CrescentEH16 4TJEdinburghUK
| | - Takanori Kitamura
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of Edinburgh47 Little France CrescentEH16 4TJEdinburghUK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh47 Little France CrescentEH16 4TJEdinburghUK
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