1
|
Gholap AD, Gupta J, Kamandar P, Bhowmik DD, Rojekar S, Faiyazuddin M, Hatvate NT, Mohanto S, Ahmed MG, Subramaniyan V, Kumarasamy V. Harnessing Nanovaccines for Effective Immunization─A Special Concern on COVID-19: Facts, Fidelity, and Future Prospective. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:271-297. [PMID: 38096426 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative pathway in vaccine research and delivery. Nanovaccines, encompassing lipid and nonlipid formulations, exhibit considerable advantages over traditional vaccine techniques, including enhanced antigen stability, heightened immunogenicity, targeted distribution, and the potential for codelivery with adjuvants or immune modulators. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements and applications of lipid and non-lipid-based nanovaccines in current vaccination strategies for immunization. The review commences by outlining the fundamental concepts underlying lipid and nonlipid nanovaccine design before delving into the diverse components and production processes employed in their development. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of various nanocarriers is presented, elucidating their distinct physicochemical characteristics and impact on the immune response, along with preclinical and clinical studies. The discussion also highlights how nanotechnology enables the possibility of personalized and combined vaccination techniques, facilitating the creation of tailored nanovaccines to meet the individual patient needs. The ethical aspects concerning the use of nanovaccines, as well as potential safety concerns and public perception, are also addressed. The study underscores the gaps and challenges that must be overcome before adopting nanovaccines in clinical practice. This comprehensive analysis offers vital new insights into lipid and nonlipid nanovaccine status. It emphasizes the significance of continuous research, collaboration among interdisciplinary experts, and regulatory measures to fully unlock the potential of nanotechnology in enhancing immunization and ensuring a healthier, more resilient society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amol D Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Juhi Gupta
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431213, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pallavi Kamandar
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431213, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deblina D Bhowmik
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431213, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish Rojekar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Md Faiyazuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Al-Karim University, Katihar 854106, Bihar, India
| | - Navnath T Hatvate
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431213, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang Z, Gao Y, Han Y, Yang J, Yang C, Li S, Zhou D, Huang Q, Yang J. Revealing the roles of TLR7, a nucleic acid sensor for COVID-19 in pan-cancer. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2023:S2590-0536(23)00054-X. [PMID: 37362864 PMCID: PMC10167782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that cancer was a risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), a severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus's nucleic acid sensor, was discovered to be aberrantly expressed in many types of cancers. However, its expression pattern across cancers and association with COVID-19 (or its causing virus SARS-CoV-2) has not been systematically studied. In this study, we proposed a computational framework to comprehensively study the roles of TLR7 in COVID-19 and pan-cancers at genetic, gene expression, protein, epigenetic, and single-cell levels. We applied the computational framework in a few databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), Human Protein Atlas (HPA), lung gene expression data of mice infected with SARS-CoV-2, and the like. As a result, TLR7 expression was found to be higher in the lung of mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 than that in the control group. The analysis in the Opentargets database also confirmed the association between TLR7 and COVID-19. There are also a few exciting findings in cancers. First, the most common type of TLR7 was "Missense" at the genomic level. Second, TLR7 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in 6 cancer types and down-regulated in 6 cancer types compared to normal tissues, further validated in the HPA database at the protein level. The genes significantly co-expressed with TLR7 were mainly enriched in the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, endolysosome, and signaling pattern recognition receptor activity. In addition, the abnormal TLR7 expression was associated with mismatch repair (MMR), microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor mutational burden (TMB) in various cancers. Mined by the ESTIMATE algorithm, the expression of TLR7 was also closely linked to various immune infiltration patterns in pan-cancer, and TLR7 was mainly enriched in macrophages, as revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Third, abnormal expression of TLR7 could predict the survival of Brain Lower Grade Glioma (LGG), Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (SKCM), Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and Testicular Germ Cell Tumors (TGCT) patients, respectively. Finally, TLR7 expressions were very sensitive to a few targeted drugs, such as Alectinib and Imiquimod. In conclusion, TLR7 might be essential in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Huang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Yaoxin Gao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Can Yang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Shixiong Li
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Decong Zhou
- Geriatric Hospital of Hainan Medical Education Department, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Qiuyan Huang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Jialiang Yang
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd, Beijing 100102, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao 266000, China
| |
Collapse
|