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Mok H, Ostendorf E, Ganninger A, Adler AJ, Hazan G, Haspel JA. Circadian immunity from bench to bedside: a practical guide. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e175706. [PMID: 38299593 PMCID: PMC10836804 DOI: 10.1172/jci175706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system is built to counteract unpredictable threats, yet it relies on predictable cycles of activity to function properly. Daily rhythms in immune function are an expanding area of study, and many originate from a genetically based timekeeping mechanism known as the circadian clock. The challenge is how to harness these biological rhythms to improve medical interventions. Here, we review recent literature documenting how circadian clocks organize fundamental innate and adaptive immune activities, the immunologic consequences of circadian rhythm and sleep disruption, and persisting knowledge gaps in the field. We then consider the evidence linking circadian rhythms to vaccination, an important clinical realization of immune function. Finally, we discuss practical steps to translate circadian immunity to the patient's bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huram Mok
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elaine Ostendorf
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alex Ganninger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Avi J. Adler
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Guy Hazan
- Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Research and Innovation Center, Saban Children’s Hospital, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jeffrey A. Haspel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Yujra VQ, Silveira EJDD, Ribeiro DA, Castilho RM, Squarize CH. Clock gene Per2 modulates epidermal tissue repair in vivo. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30513. [PMID: 38229522 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Wound healing can be influenced by genes that control the circadian cycle, including Per2 and BMAL1, which coordinate the functions of several organs, including the skin. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of PER2 during experimental skin wound healing. Two groups (control and Per2-KO), consisting of 14 male mice each, were anesthetized by inhalation, and two 6 mm wounds were created on their dorsal skin using a punch biopsy. A silicone ring was sutured around the wound perimeter to restrict contraction. The wound healing process was clinically measured daily (closure index) until complete wound repair. On Day 6, histomorphometric analysis was performed using the length and thickness of the epithelial migration tongue, in addition to counting vessels underlying the lesion by immunofluorescence assay and maturation of collagen fibers through picrosirius staining. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and quantification were performed using the subcutaneous injection technique 2 h before euthanasia and through immunohistochemical analysis of the proliferative index. In addition, the qualitative analysis of myofibroblasts and periostin distribution in connective tissue was performed by immunofluorescence. Statistically significant differences were observed in the healing time between the experimental groups (means: 15.5 days for control mice and 13.5 days for Per2-KO; p = 0.001). The accelerated healing observed in the Per2-KO group (p < 0.05) was accompanied by statistical differences in wound diameter and length of the migrating epithelial tongue (p = 0.01) compared to the control group. Regarding BrdU immunoreactivity, higher expression was observed in the intact epithelium of Per2-KO animals (p = 0.01), and this difference compared to control was also present, to a lesser extent, at the wound site (p = 0.03). Immunofluorescence in the connective tissue underlying the wound showed a higher angiogenic potential in the Per2-KO group in the intact tissue area and the wound region (p < 0.01), where increased expression of myofibroblasts was also observed. Qualitative analysis revealed the distribution of periostin protein and collagen fibers in the connective tissue underlying the wound, with greater organization and maturation during the analyzed period. Our research showed that the absence of the Per2 gene positively impacts the healing time of the skin in vivo. This acceleration depends on the increase of epithelial proliferative and angiogenic capacity of cells carrying the Per2 deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Quispe Yujra
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan (UM), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ericka Janine Dantas da Silveira
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan (UM), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Odontology Sciences Postgraduate Program, Dentistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan (UM), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Moraes Castilho
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan (UM), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cristiane Helena Squarize
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan (UM), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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