Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin using a spinning disc photocatalytic reactor (SDPR) with a novel Fe3O4@void@CuO/ZnO yolk-shell thin film nanostructure

Employing a magnetic chitosan/molybdenum disulfide nanocomposite for efficiently removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from milk samples

This study aimed to develop a highly efficient nanocomposite composed of magnetic chitosan/molybdenum disulfide (CS/MoS2/Fe3O4) for the removal of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-pyrene, anthracene, and phenanthrene. Novelty was introduced through the innovative synthesis procedure and the utilization of magnetic properties for enhanced adsorption capabilities. Additionally, the greenness of chitosan as a sorbent component was emphasized, highlighting its biodegradability and low environmental impact compared to traditional sorbents. Factors influencing PAH adsorption, such as nanocomposite dosage, initial PAH concentration, pH, and contact time, were systematically investigated and optimized. The results revealed that optimal removal efficiencies were attained at an initial PAH concentration of 150 mg/L, a sorbent dose of 0.045 g, pH 6.0, and a contact time of 150 min. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model exhibited superior fitting to the experimental data, indicating an equilibrium time of approximately 150 min. Moreover, the equilibrium adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm model, with kf and n values exceeding 7.91 mg/g and 1.20, respectively. Remarkably, the maximum absorption capacities for phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene on the sorbent were determined as 217 mg/g, 204 mg/g, and 222 mg/g, respectively. These findings underscore the significant potential of the CS/MoS2/Fe3O4 nanocomposite for efficiently removing PAHs from milk and other dairy products, thereby contributing to improved food safety and public health.

Light-driven photocatalysis as an effective tool for degradation of antibiotics

Antibiotic contamination has become a severe issue and a dangerous concern to the environment because of large release of antibiotic effluent into terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. To try and solve these issues, a plethora of research on antibiotic withdrawal has been carried out. Recently photocatalysis has received tremendous attention due to its ability to remove antibiotics from aqueous solutions in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner with few drawbacks compared to traditional photocatalysts. Considerable attention has been focused on developing advanced visible light-driven photocatalysts in order to address these problems. This review provides an overview of recent developments in the field of photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics, including the doping of metals and non-metals into ultraviolet light-driven photocatalysts, the formation of new semiconductor photocatalysts, the advancement of heterojunction photocatalysts, and the building of surface plasmon resonance-enhanced photocatalytic systems.

The spinning disc reactor for photocatalytic degradation: A systematic review

In recent years, the use of a horizontal spinning disc reactor (SDR) as a photocatalytic reactor for the degradation of various pollutants in aqueous solutions has increased. This study was searched based on the PRISMA method. Two autonomous researchers carried out for the relevant studies using Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Science Direct databases. The search terms expanded focusing on the performance of horizontal spinning disc photocatalytic reactor (SDPR). In this review article, the main objective of the effect of operational factors on the efficiency of the degradation of pollutants with changes in the type of light source (range of visible light and UV radiation), disc rotational speed, flow rate, initial concentration of pollutants, pH, type of disc structure and flow regime are considered. Current challenges in SDPR include issues such as limited mass transfer, uneven light distribution, and difficulties in scaling up. To overcome these challenges, improvements can be made by optimizing reactor design for better mass transfer, enhancing light distribution through advanced light sources or reactor configurations, and developing scalable models that maintain efficiency at larger scales. Additionally, the use of innovative materials and coatings could improve the overall performance of SDPR.

Novel nanostructure approach for antibiotic decomposition in a spinning disc photocatalytic reactor

Conventional wastewater treatment processes are often unable to remove antibiotics with resistant compounds and low biological degradation. The need for advanced and sustainable technologies to remove antibiotics from water sources seems essential. In this regard, the effectiveness of a spinning disc photocatalytic reactor (SDPR) equipped with a visible light-activated Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2@CuO/ZnO core-shell (FSNCZ CS) thin film photocatalyst was investigated for the decomposition of amoxicillin (AMX), a representative antibiotic. Various characterization techniques, such as TEM, FESEM, EDX, AFM, XRD, and UV-Vis-DRS, were employed to study the surface morphology, optoelectronic properties, and nanostructure of the FSNCZ CS. Key operating parameters such as irradiation time, pH, initial AMX concentration, rotational speed, and solution flow rate were fine-tuned for optimization. The results indicated that the highest AMX decomposition (98.7%) was attained under optimal conditions of 60 min of irradiation time, a rotational speed of 350 rpm, a solution flow rate of 0.9 L/min, pH of 5, and an initial AMX concentration of 20 mg/L. Moreover, during the 60 min irradiation time, more than 69.95% of chemical oxygen demand and 61.2% of total organic carbon were removed. After the photocatalytic decomposition of AMX, there is a substantial increase in the average oxidation state and carbon oxidation state in SDPR from 1.33 to 1.94 and 3.2, respectively. Active species tests confirmed that ·OH and ·O2- played a dominant role in AMX decomposition. The developed SDPR, which incorporates a reusable and robust FSNCZ CS photocatalyst, demonstrates promising potential for the decomposition of organic compounds.

Time series-based prediction of antibiotic degradation via photocatalysis using ensemble gradient boosting

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the laboratory-made catalyst Ni2P-ZrO2 (NPZ) in the degradation of an antibiotic in an aqueous suspension when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. The degradation of amoxicillin (AMX) was predicted using time series forecasting through the ensemble gradient boosting model. The degradation experiments were conducted utilizing two distinct photocatalyst compositions of Nickel phosphide-zirconium dioxide (NPZ) in the proportions of 1:9 and 2:8. The most effective experimental results were obtained using a natural pH, a catalyst concentration of 0.20 g/L and reaction duration of 0.5 h after testing the different catalysts. Experimental data were used for training, validating and confirming time series predictions. The use of ensemble technique highly affected the experimental findings. The model's performance was quite satisfactory in terms of correlation coefficient (94.00%), normalized mean square error (0.01) and mean square root error (0.0911) which significantly contributed to the model's accuracy. All input variables, such as pH, catalyst dose and irradiation time, had a significant impact on the degrading efficacy. The study has demonstrated that time series forecasting can be used for predicting the degradation process precisely.

Photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin using a novel carbohydrate-based nanocomposite from aqueous solutions

Pharmaceutical substances in the ecosystem pose a notable hazard to human and aquatic organism well-being. The occurrence of ciprofloxacin (CIP) within water sources or the food chain can perturb plant biochemical processes and induce drug resistance in both humans and animals. Therefore, effective removal is imperative prior to environmental discharge. This study introduces a Novel Carbohydrate-Based Nanocomposite (Fe3O4/MOF/AmCs-Alg) as a proficient photocatalytic agent for degrading CIP in aqueous solutions. The fabricated nanocomposite underwent characterization using FTIR, XRD, FESEM, DRS, and VSM techniques. The analyses conducted verified the successful synthesis of the Fe3O4/MOF/AmCs-Alg nanocomposite. Utilizing the optimized parameters (pH = 5, nanocomposite dose = 0.4 g/L, CIP concentration = 10 mg/L, light intensity = 75 mW/cm2, and a duration of 45min), the Fe3O4/MOF/AmCs-Alg/Vis nanocomposite demonstrated an impressive CIP degradation efficiency of 95.85%. Under optimal experiment conditions, CIP removal efficiency in tap water and treated wastewater samples was 91.27% and 76.78%, respectively. Furthermore, the total organic carbon (TOC) analysis indicated a mineralization rate of 51.21% for CIP. Trapping studies demonstrated that the superoxide radical (O2°-) had a notable contribution to the breakdown of CIP. In summary, the Fe3O4/MOF/AmCs-Alg/Vis system offers numerous benefits, encompassing effective degradation capabilities, effortless catalyst retrieval, and remarkable nanocomposite reusability.

Modeling Cu removal from aqueous solution using sawdust based on response surface methodology

Copper (Cu), as one of the heavy metals widely used in industrial and agricultural activities, has a fundamental role in the pollution of water resources. Therefore, removing Cu from the aqueous solutions is considered an important challenge in the purification of water resources. Thus, in this study, sawdust with a diameter of 260-600 μm was used to remove Cu from the aqueous solutions. At first, sawdust was washed using distilled water and dried at laboratory temperature. Cu absorption experiments in closed conditions were performed based on the central composite design (CCD) model and with a range of initial Cu concentrations equal to 1-25 mgl-1. The amount of changes for other variables, including pH, time, and amount of sawdust, was equal to 2-10, 5-185 (min), and 5-25 (gl-1), respectively. After the completion of each test, the remaining Cu concentration in the solution was measured using atomic absorption, and the percentage of Cu removed was determined from the difference between the initial and final concentrations. The results showed that the CCD model has a favorable ability to predict Cu removal from the aqueous solutions (R2=0.90 and RSME=3.34%). Based on the Pareto analysis, contact time, the amount of sawdust, pH, and the Cu concentration had the most significant effect on removing Cu from the solution. Contact time, amount of sawdust, and pH were directly related, and the amount of dissolved Cu was proportional to the removal of Cu from the solution. Therefore, sawdust is desirable as a natural adsorbent, and the removal efficiency of Cu from solutions with low Cu concentration is very high (94%). In this regard, it is advised to use sawdust in the process of targeting Cu and heavy metals due to its low cost and availability.

Modeling sunset yellow removal from fruit juice samples by a novel chitosan-nickel ferrite nano sorbent

Analysis of food additives is highly significant in the food industry and directly related to human health. This investigation into the removal efficiency of sunset yellow as an azo dye in fruit juices using Chitosan-nickel ferrite nanoparticles (Cs@NiFe2O4 NPs). The nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using various techniques. The effective parameters for removing sunset yellow were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD). Under the optimum conditions, the highest removal efficiency (94.90%) was obtained for the initial dye concentration of 26.48 mg L-1 at a pH of 3.87, a reaction time of 67.62 min, and a nanoparticle dose of 0.038 g L-1. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model had a better fit for experimental data (R2 = 0.98) than the other kinetic models. The equilibrium adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 212.766 mg g-1. The dye removal efficiency achieved for industrial and traditional fruit juice samples (91.75% and 93.24%), respectively, confirmed the method's performance, feasibility, and efficiency. The dye adsorption efficiency showed no significant decrease after five recycling, indicating that the sorbent has suitable stability in practical applications. variousThe synthesized nanoparticles can be suggested as an efficient sorbent to remove the sunset yellow dye from food products.